WO2022116802A1

WO2022116802A1 - Waste collection apparatus and movable cleaning machine

Info

Publication number: WO2022116802A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/130601
Authority: WO
Inventors: Simon Nai Pong CHEN
Original assignee: Intelligent Cleaning Equipment Holdings Co. Ltd.
Priority date: 2020-12-04
Filing date: 2021-11-15
Publication date: 2022-06-09

Abstract

Waste collection apparatus and methods are provided. The waste collection apparatus can include a waste processing mechanism configured to displace waste from a first location to a second location in the waste collection apparatus and a waste removal mechanism configured to remove waste that adhere to the waste processing mechanism. The waste collection apparatus can prevent a clogging or deposition of waste and improve a space utilization within the waste collection apparatus.

Description

WASTE COLLECTION APPARATUS AND MOVABLE CLEANING MACHINE

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application claims to priority to International Application No. PCT/CN2020/133839, filed on December 4, 2020, the content of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Surface cleaning machines, such as sweepers, are used to clean floors in public, commercial and industrial buildings. A sweeper generally includes a vehicle that carries a spinning brush or broom and a waste collection apparatus (e.g., a waste reservoir, a hopper or a dust bin) . The vehicle is pushed or self-powered. The spinning brush or broom transfers debris and dust into the waste collection apparatus. The waste collection apparatus can be removable from the vehicle such that operator can empty the waste collection apparatus once it is full.

SUMMARY

A need exists for surface cleaning machines having a waste collection apparatus with improved space utilization and easy maintenance. The waste collection apparatus provided in the present disclosure can include a waste processing mechanism configured to displace waste from a first location to a second location in the waste collection apparatus. In some embodiments, the waste processing mechanism can include a rotatable shaft having a plurality of elongated protrusions, enabling an displacement and/or processing of the waste within the waste collection apparatus. The displacement and/or processing of the waste can include (i) at least one of moving, disintegrating or disaggregating at least a portion of the waste into or within a first location or a first chamber in the waste collection apparatus, or (ii) channeling or moving at least the portion of the waste to a second location or second chamber.

The waste collection apparatus in the present disclosure can further include a waste removal mechanism configured to remove waste that adhere to the waste processing mechanism. In some instances, the waste removal mechanism can include a rake positioned in proximity to the rotatable shaft. Teeth of the rake can be provided in an interdigitated configuration with respect to the elongated protrusions of the rotatable shaft, such that the protrusions of the rake pass through the spacings between the protrusions of the rotatable shaft to remove waste that adhere to the waste processing mechanism. As compared with traditional dust bin used in a sweeper, a clogging or deposition of waste at entrance of the waste collection apparatus in the present disclosure is prevented and more space within the waste collection apparatus is utilized.

Disclosed herein is a waste collection apparatus. The waste collection apparatus can comprise a first chamber adapted to receive waste from an external environment ; and a rotatable shaft disposed at or near an opening of the first chamber. The rotatable shaft can comprise a first set of features extending radially from the rotatable shaft, which first set of features is configured to facilitate processing of the waste by displacing the waste as the waste flows by or through the first set of features. The displacing can comprise (i) moving, disintegrating, or disaggregating at least a portion of the waste into or within the first chamber or (ii) channeling or moving at least the portion of the waste to a second chamber or a predetermined location within the first chamber when the rotatable shaft is rotated. In some instances, the second chamber can be adapted to contain the waste or a portion thereof, and the first chamber and the second chamber can be in fluid communication with each other.

In some instances, the waste collection apparatus can further comprise a rake disposed adjacent to the rotatable shaft. The rake can comprise a second set of features configured to displace one or more pieces of waste that adhere to the first set of features when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake. The first set of features and the second set of features can be positioned and oriented such that (i) the second set of features passes through a plurality of first spacings between the first set of features when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake, or (ii) the first set of features passes through a plurality of second spacings between the second set of features when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake. In some instances, the first set of features and the second set of features can be provided in an interdigitated configuration when (i) the second set of features passes through the plurality of first spacings between the first set of features, or (ii) the first set of features passes through the plurality of second spacings between the second set of features. The plurality of first spacings between the first set of features can be greater than a dimension of the second set of features. The plurality of second spacings between the second set of features can be greater than a dimension of the first set of features.

In some instances, the first set of features and the second set of features can comprise one or more elongated protrusions for displacing the at least the portion of the waste. The one or more elongated can comprise at least one rigid elongated protrusion or at least one flexible elongated protrusion. The one or more elongated protrusions can have a rectangular or circular cross-section. The one or more elongated protrusions can have a sharp or serrated edge to facilitate displacement of waste. In some instances, the rake can be provided in a fixed spatial configuration and orientation. In some instances, the rake can be movable relative to the rotatable shaft. For instance, the rake can be movable in a first direction and the rotatable shaft is movable in a second direction that is different than the first direction. In some instances, a rotation of the rotatable shaft can be actuated based on one or more measurements obtained using a sensor. The sensor can comprise a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, or a position sensor.

In some instances, the second chamber can comprise a transparent or translucent viewing window. In some instances, the waste collection apparatus can further comprise a movable mechanism for displacing at least a portion of the waste in the first chamber. The movable mechanism can comprise at least one conveyor. In some instances, the waste collection apparatus can further comprise an air flow generator configured to transport the waste from the external environment to the first chamber. The air flow generator can comprise at least one of a vacuum or a negative pressure source, or a positive pressure source.

In some instances, the waste collection apparatus can further comprise a rotary broom that is in contact with or adjacent to a surface of the external environment on which the waste is disposed. In some instances, the waste can comprise dust, debris, or dirt. In some instances, the first set of features can be configured to facilitate processing of the waste to prevent clogging, accumulation or build-up of the waste at the opening of the first chamber or within the first chamber. In some instances, the first set of features can be configured to facilitate processing of the waste by using the displacing to reduce a size or shape of the waste received from the external environment.

Also disclosed herein is a movable cleaning machine for collecting waste. The movable cleaning machine can comprise the waste collection apparatus of the disclosure and a rotary broom operably coupled to the waste collection apparatus. The rotary broom can be in contact with or adjacent to a surface of the external environment on which the waste is disposed. The rotary broom can be configured to transport at least a portion of the waste on the surface of the external environment to the first chamber.

In some instances, the movable cleaning machine can further comprise (i) a seat or a stand for a user and (ii) a control panel for enabling the user to operate the machine. In some instances, the machine can be configured to be controlled remotely. In some instances, the machine is configured to autonomously or semi-autonomously clean a selected area.

Also disclosed herein is a method for collecting waste. The method can comprise providing a first chamber adapted to receive the waste from an external environment, using an air flow generator to transport the waste from the external environment towards the first chamber, and rotating a shaft disposed at or near an opening of the first chamber to displace at least a portion of the waste flowing by or through a first set of features extending radially from the shaft. The displacing can comprise (i) moving, disintegrating or disaggregating at least a portion of the waste into or within the first chamber or (ii) channeling or moving at least a portion of the waste to a second chamber or a predetermined location within the first chamber when the rotatable shaft is rotated.

In some instances, the method can further comprise providing a rake adjacent to the shaft, wherein the rake comprises a second set of features for displacing waste, and using the second set of features to displace one or more pieces of waste that adhere to the first set of features when at least one of (i) the rotatable shaft and (ii) the rake is moved relative to each other, thereby facilitating a processing of the waste.

In some instances, the first set of features and the second set of features can be positioned and oriented such that (i) the second set of features passes through a plurality of first spacings between the first set of features when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake, or (ii) the first set of features passes through a plurality of second spacings between the second set of features when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake. In some instances, the first set of features and the second set of features can be provided in an interdigitated configuration when (i) the second set of features passes through the plurality of first spacings between the first set of features, or (ii) the first set of features passes through the plurality of second spacings between the second set of features. The first set of features and the second set of features can comprise one or more elongated protrusions for displacing the at least the portion of the waste. In some instances, the one or more elongated can comprise at least one rigid elongated protrusion or at least one flexible elongated protrusion.

In some instances, the plurality of first spacings between the first set of features can be greater than a dimension of the second set of features. The plurality of second spacings between the second set of features can be greater than a dimension of the first set of features. In some instances, the one or more elongated protrusions can have a rectangular or circular cross-section. In some instances, the one or more elongated protrusions can have a sharp or serrated edge to facilitate displacement of waste.

In some instances, the rake can be provided in a fixed spatial configuration and orientation. For instance, the rake can be movable in a first direction and the rotatable shaft is movable in a second direction that is different than the first direction. In some instances, the second chamber comprises a transparent or translucent viewing window.

In some instances, the method can further comprise providing a movable mechanism for displacing at least a portion of the waste in the first chamber. The movable mechanism can comprise at least one conveyor. In some instances, the rotation of the rotatable shaft can be actuated based on one or more measurements obtained using a sensor. The sensor can comprise a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, or a position sensor.

In some instances, the method can further comprise providing an air flow generator configured to transport the waste from the external environment to the first chamber. The air flow generator can comprise at least one of a vacuum or a negative pressure source, or a positive pressure source. In some instances, the method can further comprise providing a rotary broom that is in contact with or adjacent to a surface of the external environment on which the waste is disposed. The waste can comprise dust, debris, or dirt. In some instances, the first set of features can be configured to facilitate processing of the waste to prevent clogging, accumulation or build-up of the waste at the opening of the first chamber or within the first chamber. In some instances, the first set of features can be configured to facilitate processing of the waste by using the displacing to reduce a size or shape of the waste received from the external environment.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein only embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described, simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present disclosure. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features of the present disclosure are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a movable cleaning machine in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a movable cleaning machine in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of a waste collection apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are schematic views showing a displacement of waste within the waste collection apparatus with a waste processing mechanism in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure, where FIG. 4A shows a state prior to the waste processing mechanism displaces the waste, and FIG. 4B shows a state after the waste processing mechanism displaces the waste.

FIG. 5 is view showing an interaction between the waste processing mechanism and a waste removal mechanism in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a rear perspective view of a waste collection apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of a movable cleaning machine in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure; and

FIG. 8 shows a computer control system that is programmed or otherwise configured to implement various methods provided herein, such as methods for collecting waste from a surface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While preferable embodiments have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing parameters of components, technical effects, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about” or “substantially. ” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties and effects sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of the number of significant digits and ordinary rounding approaches.

As used herein, the term "coupled" generally means physically coupled or linked and does not exclude the presence of intermediate elements between the coupled items absent specific contrary language.

As used here, the term “waste” generally means substances or materials or a piece or a fragment thereof having a size, shape, weight and/or volume that is suitable to be picked up, transferred or swept with a cleaning machine or cleaning tool. A waste can refer to debris, dust, dirt, junk, rubble, trash, garbage and/or litter. A waste can refer to commercially or industrially destroyed or discarded substances, e.g., scrap metals, paper items and trash. A waste can also refer to natural substances, e.g., dirt, snow, leaves and gravel.

As used here, the term “surface cleaning machine” generally mean a machine capable of cleaning a surface. The term “surface cleaning machine” is analogy to “movable cleaning machine” . A movable cleaning machine can include a vertically upright device, a walk-behind machine and a ride-on machine. Examples of a movable cleaning machine include a sweeper and a scrubber. A movable cleaning machine can be manually pushed, pulled or self-powered. A movable cleaning machine can be configured to autonomously or semi-autonomously clean a selected area.

As used here, the term “sweeper” generally refers to a machine which combines a broom and vacuum system to sweep dirt and debris from a surface into a waste container for later disposal. As used here, the term “scrubber” generally refers to a machine which removes spills or stains from a surface by mopping and scrubbing action.

A waste processing mechanism is provided in the waste collection apparatus of this disclosure, enabling the waste collection apparatus to prevent a clogging, jamming or deposition of waste in the waste collection apparatus and increase an utilization of internal space of the waste collection apparatus. The waste processing mechanism can be configured to displace at least a portion of the waste from a first place or a first chamber to a second place or a second chamber within the waste collection apparatus. Examples of the waste processing mechanism can include a rotatable shaft having a plurality of radially protruding protrusions. Actuation of the waste processing mechanism can be triggered based on a sensor measurement or a manual instruction. Upon rotation of the rotatable shaft, the protruding protrusions contact and push the waste to effect a displacement and/or processing of thereof.

To ensure an efficient and continuing operation of the waste processing mechanism, a waste removal mechanism can be provided to remove pieces of waste that adhere to the waste processing mechanism. In some instances, the waste removal mechanism can include a rake having teeth that are interdigitated with respect to the protrusions of the waste processing mechanism, enabling a removal of the waste from the waste processing mechanism when the waste processing mechanism is moved relative to the waste removal mechanism. In some configurations, the waste collection apparatus of this disclosure can further include a transparent viewing window, through which the operator can visually inspect the interior space of the waste collection apparatus. The visual inspection facilitates the operator in determining whether the waste collection apparatus is to be emptied or maintained.

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a movable cleaning machine in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. In the shown embodiment, the movable cleaning machine is illustrated as a ride-on sweeper 100. Those skilled in the art can appreciate that the movable cleaning machine can also be other types of movable cleaning machines such as a walk-behind machine. The sweeper 100 can include a body 101 and a waste collection apparatus 102 coupled to the body 101. In some instances, the body 101 can include one or more wheels 103 enabling a movement of the sweeper over a surface to be cleaned, an operator seat 104 on which the operator can sit, a control panel 105 by which the operator can drive the sweeper and manipulate operations of the sweeper, and a rotary broom 106 which picks up waste from the surface and transfers the waste to the waste collection apparatus.

A movement of the sweeper can be driven by either an electric motor, a gasoline engine or a diesel engine. A propel speed forward of the sweep can be at least 1 km/h, 2 km/h, 3 km/h, 4 km/h, 5 km/h, 6 km/h, 7 km/h, 8 km/h, 9 km/h, 10 km/h, 11 km/h, 12 km/h, 13 km/h, 14 km/h, 15 km/h, 16 km/h, 17 km/h, 18 km/h, 19 km/h, or 20 km/h. A propel speed reverse of the sweep can be at least 1 km/h, 2 km/h, 3 km/h, 4 km/h, 5 km/h, 6 km/h, 7 km/h, 8 km/h, 9 km/h, 10 km/h, 11 km/h, 12 km/h, 13 km/h, 14 km/h, 15 km/h, 16 km/h, 17 km/h, 18 km/h, 19 km/h, or 20 km/h. In an exemplary embodiment, the sweeper can carry a battery pack in the body to propel a movement of the sweeper and energize an operation of various functional components (e.g., the rotary broom, an air flow generator) of the sweeper. The battery pack can provide an output voltage of 24 volts (V) , 36 V or 48 V. A capacity of the battery can be at least 10 Amp hour (Ah) , 20 Ah, 30 Ah, 40 Ah, 50 Ah, 100 Ah, 150 Ah, 200 Ah, 250 Ah, 300 Ah, 350 Ah, 400 Ah, 450 Ah, 500 Ah, 550 Ah, 600 Ah, 650 Ah, 700 Ah, 750 Ah, 800 Ah, 850 Ah, 900 Ah, 950 Ah, or 1000 Ah. The capacity of the battery can enable a continuous propelling and operation of the sweeper of at least 0.1 hour (hr) , 0.2 hr, 0.3 hr, 0.4 hr, 0.5 hr, 1.0 hr, 1.5 hr, 2.0 hr, 2.5 hr, 3.0 hr, 3.5 hr, 4.0 hr, 4.5 hr, 5.0 hr, 5.5 hr, 6.0 hr, 6.5 hr, 7.0 hr, 7.5 hr, 8.0 hr, 8.5 hr, 9.0 hr, 9.5 hr, or 10 hr.

Movement and operation of the sweeper can be controlled by the operator sitting in the operator seat. For instance, the operator can operate the sweeper by manipulating the control panel which includes, for example, a steering wheel and various buttons, switches and pedals. Movement and operation of the sweeper can also be controlled remotely. For instance, a target area, a trajectory and/or an operational parameter of the sweeper can be programmed and controlled by a remote server which is in wireless communication with the sweeper.

The rotary broom can be positioned beneath a chassis or frame of the body of the sweeper. The rotary broom can also be positioned at a side of the body of the sweeper. In some instances, the rotary broom can be supported at opposite ends thereof by two broom support arms which are coupled to the chassis or frame of the body of the sweeper. The broom support arms can be pivotal, such that a position of the broom in a vertical direction can be adjusted. For instance, a contact and/or a degree of contact of the broom against the surface can be changed by pivoting the broom support arms. The broom can rotate against the surface to be cleaned. A rotation of the broom can dislodge the waste from surface and transfer the waste to an entrance of the waste collection apparatus. A rotation of the broom can be powered by a motor. A speed of rotation of the broom can be either manually adjusted or adaptively adjusted on basis of a sensor measurement. A length of the broom defines a width of cleaning path of the sweeper. A productivity of the sweeper can be at least 1,000 square meter per hour (m ²/h) , 2,000 m ²/h, 3,000 m ²/h, 4,000 m ²/h, 5,000 m ²/h, 6,000 m ²/h, 7,000 m ²/h, 8,000 m ²/h, 9,000 m ²/h, or 10,000 m ²/h.

The waste collection apparatus can be an integral portion of the body of the sweeper. For instance, a reservoir chamber adapted to receive the waste can be provided within the body of the sweeper. The waste collection apparatus can also be a standalone device that is coupled to the body of the sweeper. For instance, the waste collection apparatus can be a separate hopper or dust bin which is fixedly or movably carried on the chassis or frame of the sweeper. The waste collection apparatus can also be an apparatus that is removably attached to the body of the sweeper. For instance, a reservoir chamber that receives the waste can be enclosed by the body of the sweeper and the waste collection apparatus. Details of the waste collection apparatus will be provided hereinafter with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 4B.

The sweeper can comprise various accessories to implement additional functionalities. The accessories can include, but not limited to, one or more brushes, a cleaning fluid reservoir, a cleaning fluid dispensing system and a squeegee. For instance, the sweeper can dispense a liquid cleaning fluid from the cleaning fluid reservoir onto the surface with the cleaning fluid dispensing system, brush the surface with the one or more brushes, and remove the cleaning fluid with the squeegee.

Referring to FIG. 2, a cutaway view of a movable cleaning machine in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure is provided to illustrate configuration of the body of the sweeper and the waste collection apparatus 102. The waste collection apparatus can be an integral portion of the body of the sweeper. The waste collection apparatus, such as a waste reservoir, can also be an apparatus that is removably coupled to the body of the sweeper. As shown in FIG. 2A, when the removable waste collection apparatus is coupled to the body of the sweeper, a reservoir chamber 211 can be enclosed by inner walls of the body of sweeper and the waste collection apparatus.

A volume capacity of the reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus can be at least 1 liter (L) , 5 L, 10 L, 15 L, 20 L, 25 L, 30 L, 35 L, 40 L, 45 L, 50 L, 55 L, 60 L, 65 L, 70 L, 75 L, 80 L, 85 L, 90 L, 95 L, 100 L, 110 L, 120 L, 130 L, 140 L, 150 L, 160 L, 170 L, 180 L, 190 L or 200 L. The reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus can have an opening or entrance through which the waste from the broom can enter the reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus. The opening or entrance can be provided at a side of the reservoir chamber. The opening can also be provided at a top or a bottom of the reservoir chamber.

The rotary broom 106 can be positioned in communication with the opening or entrance of the waste collection apparatus 102. A channel 212 can be provided between the rotary broom and the opening of the waste collection apparatus. The channel can be a tubing that enables a fluid communication between the rotary broom and the waste collection apparatus. In some configurations, the rotary broom can be positioned in a broom chamber which is in fluid communication with the waste collection apparatus to enable a collection of waste from the surface and a transport of the waste into the waste collection apparatus.

An air flow generator 213 can be provided to the waste collection apparatus. The air flow generator can be configured to generate an air flow which facilitate transporting the waste from an external environment to the interior reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus. In some instances, the air flow generator can comprise a vacuum or a negative pressure source. The vacuum or a negative pressure source can comprise one or more exhaust fans that draw air from an interior of the waste collection apparatus to generate a degree of vacuum within the reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus. The waste from the rotary broom can be extracted into the reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus through the opening thereof under an action of the vacuum. The vacuum or a negative pressure source can be positioned at a top wall of the waste collection apparatus, such that the generated air flow can flow through the interior reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus to improve an extraction of waste from the external environment. In some instances, the air flow generator can comprise a positive pressure source. The positive pressure source can comprise a fan or an air blower that generates an air flow that is directed into the reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus. The waste from the rotary broom can be carried in the air flow, blown into the reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus, and then deposit on a bottom of the waste collection apparatus. The positive pressure source can be positioned in proximity to the opening of the waste collection apparatus, such that the generated air flow can be directed toward the opening or entrance of the waste collection apparatus. In an exemplary embodiment, the positive pressure source can be positioned between the rotary broom and the opening of the waste collection apparatus. In another exemplary embodiment, the positive pressure source can be positioned on a side of the rotary broom opposite to the opening of the waste collection apparatus.

An air exhaust port 214 can be provided to the waste collection apparatus. The air exhaust port can be open to the external environment such that the air flow generated by the air flow generator circulates and exhausts from the reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus. The air exhaust port can be position at a top wall of the waste collection apparatus or an upper position of a side wall of the waste collection apparatus, such that the air flow travels through the interior reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus. A filter can be provided to the air exhaust port for filtration of particles. The filter can be removably coupled to the air exhaust port for inspection and replacement.

FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of a waste collection apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. The waste collection apparatus 102 can be removably coupled to the body of the sweeper. For instance, the waste collection apparatus and the body of the sweeper can be coupled or fastened together via a releasable fastening mechanism. Examples of releasable fastening mechanisms can include, but are not limited to, form-fitting pairs, hooks and loops, latches, and a combination thereof. A locking mechanism can be provided to the removable coupling to temporarily secure the waste collection apparatus to the body of the sweeper. Once coupled to the body of the sweeper, the reservoir chamber adapted to receive waste can be formed by the waste collection apparatus together with the body of the sweeper. Once detached from the body of the sweeper, a maintenance (e.g., waste disposal) can be performed to the waste collection apparatus. The reservoir chamber can have at least a first chamber and a second chamber, each adapted to contain at least a portion of the waste. In some instances, the first chamber and the second chamber can be different physical chambers which collectively form the reservoir chamber. For instance, the second chamber can be more distal to the opening of the waste collection apparatus than the first chamber. The first chamber and the second chamber can be in fluid communication with each other. In some instances, the first chamber and the second chamber can be different portions of the reservoir chamber. For instance, the first chamber can be a portion of the reservoir chamber that is more proximal to the opening of the waste collection apparatus than the second chamber. An optional spacer or channel can be provided between the first and second chambers, while maintaining a fluid communication therebetween.

The waste collection apparatus can include a waste processing mechanism configured to displace waste from a first location to a second location within the same chamber (e.g., the first chamber) or from the first chamber to the second chamber within the waste collection apparatus. The first location can be a location that is at or in proximity to the opening or entrance of the waste collection apparatus. The second location can be different from the first location. For example, the second location can be distal to the opening or entrance of the waste collection apparatus. As used here, the term “displacing” can comprise at least one of (i) moving, disintegrating, or disaggregating at least a portion of the waste into or within a first chamber, or (ii) channeling or moving at least the portion of the waste to a second chamber or a predetermined location within the first chamber when the rotatable shaft is rotated

In some embodiments, the waste processing mechanism can comprise a rotatable shaft 321 that is disposed at or near an opening of the first chamber of the waste collection apparatus. The rotatable shaft 321 can comprise a first set of features extending radially from the rotatable shaft. The first set of features can be configured to facilitate processing of the waste by displacing the waste as the waste flows by or through the first set of features. In some embodiments, the first set of features can comprise one or more elongated protrusions 322 which radially extending from the rotatable shaft. In some instances, the one or more elongated protrusions can comprise at least one rigid elongated protrusion. In some instances, the one or more elongated protrusions can comprise at least one flexible elongated protrusion. A radial length of the elongated protrusion can be sufficient to contact the waste while not interfering with the waste collection apparatus or the body of the sweeper. The one or more elongated protrusions can have a rectangular or circular cross-section. The one or more elongated protrusions can have a sharp or serrated edge to facilitate displacement of waste.

In an exemplary configuration, a plurality of the elongated protrusions can be arranged to align with a rotation axis of the rotatable shaft, thereby forming a row of the elongated protrusions. More than one row of the elongated protrusions can be provided to the rotatable shaft. The more than one row of the elongated protrusions can be arranged to have an equal angle of circumference therebetween. For instance, two rows of the elongated protrusions can be provided to the rotatable shaft, with an angle of circumference 180 degrees therebetween. For instance, three rows of the elongated protrusions can be provided to the rotatable shaft, with an angle of circumference 120 degrees between two adjacent rows. In another exemplary configuration, a plurality of the elongated protrusions can be arranged not aligning with a rotation axis of the rotatable shaft. For instance, the plurality of the elongated protrusions can be positioned in a cylindrical spiral configuration on the rotatable shaft.

A rotation of the elongated protrusions of the rotatable shaft can drive a movement of at least a portion of the waste from the first chamber to the second chamber within the waste collection apparatus or from the first location to the second location in the first chamber. FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate an exemplary displacement of waste with the rotatable shaft in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. FIG. 4A shows a state prior to the rotatable shaft displaces the waste. For instance, an amount of waste 326 can be deposited or accumulated at a position A. The position A can be a position in the first chamber within the waste collection apparatus. In an example, the position A can be at or near the opening of the first chamber (e.g., the opening of the reservoir chamber) of the waste collection apparatus. In the state shown in FIG. 4A, the one or more elongated protrusions 322 of the rotatable shaft 321, which are driven by a motor 323 to rotate anticlockwise, yet contact or displace the waste. The elongated protrusions can contact, push and displace at least a portion of the waste toward a position B when the elongated protrusions further rotate from the state shown in FIG. 4A, resulting in a state shown in FIG. 4B. The position B can be a position in the first chamber or in the second chamber within the waste collection apparatus. For example, the position B can be a position which is more interior within the waste collection apparatus than the position A with respect to the opening of the reservoir chamber. Therefore, the waste can be moved and re-distributed toward an more interior location within the waste collection apparatus under the action of the elongated protrusions of the rotatable shaft. The movement and re-distribution of waste can result in an increase in an utilization of internal space within the waste collection apparatus. In other words, more waste can be received in the waste collection apparatus prior to the waste collection apparatus becomes fully loaded.

Additionally or alternatively, a rotation of the elongated protrusions of the rotatable shaft can effect a movement of at least a portion of the waste from the opening of the first chamber into the waste collection apparatus. For instance, the elongated protrusions of the rotatable shaft can touch, push and move at least a portion of the waste from the opening of the first chamber into the reservoir chamber when the rotatable shaft is rotated. Therefore, a clogging, accumulation or build-up of the waste at the opening of the reservoir chamber can be prevented.

In moving a portion of the waste from the opening of the chamber into the waste collection apparatus, from the first chamber to the second chamber, and/or from the first location to the second location in the first chamber, the elongated protrusions of the rotatable shaft can also process the waste to change a physical property of the waste. The processing of the waste can include disintegrating or disaggregating. For instance, a tip end of the elongated protrusions can be provided with blades, which blades can facilitate to break a piece of waste into smaller pieces. For instance, the elongated protrusions can exert a force onto an aggregated waste to separate the aggregated waste into pieces. The processing of the waste can also include reducing a size or shape of the waste. For instance, the elongated protrusions can exert a force to compress the waste into smaller volume. The disintegrated, disaggregated or compressed waste can be easy to re-distribute within the waste collection apparatus due to a reduced weight and/or volume or changed shape.

A rotation of the rotatable shaft can be manually actuated by an operator of the sweeper. For instance, a camera can be provided within the waste collection apparatus, enabling the operator to visually observe an accumulation of waste within the waste collection apparatus. The operator can start and stop a rotation of the rotatable shaft in view of the amount of waste piled near the opening of the reservoir chamber. A rotation of the rotatable shaft can also be actuated based on one or more measurements obtained using a sensor. Examples of the sensor can comprise a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, or a position sensor. For instance, a pressure sensor can be provided at a bottom of the first chamber to measure a weight of the waste accumulated in the first chamber. A rotation of the rotatable shaft can be actuated when the measured weighted exceeds a predetermined threshold. For instance, an air flow sensor can be provided at the opening of the first chamber to measure a velocity of air flow passing through the opening. A rotation of the rotatable shaft can be actuated when the measured velocity of air flow exceeds a first predetermined threshold or falls below a second predetermined threshold, the former circumstance indicating a partial clogging of the opening, and the latter circumstance indicating a substantially complete clogging of the opening. For instance, a proximity sensor can be provided at the opening of the first chamber to detect a presence of the waste in proximity to the opening. A rotation of the rotatable shaft can be actuated when excessive waste is detected near the opening.

The waste collection apparatus can further comprise a waste removal mechanism configured to remove waste that adhere to the waste processing mechanism. In an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the waste removal mechanism can comprise a rake 324 disposed adjacent to the rotatable shaft 312. The rake 324 can comprise a second set of features 325 configured to displace one or more pieces of waste that adhere to the first set of features (e.g., the one or more elongated protrusions) of the rotatable shaft 312 when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake. In an example, the second set of features of the rake can comprise one or more elongated protrusions extending from a base component, forming a comb-like configuration. The first set of elongated protrusions of the rotatable shaft and the second set of elongated protrusions of the rake can be positioned and oriented to allow a relative movement of the rotatable shaft with respect to the rake. The relative movement can comprise (i) the second set of elongated protrusions passing through a plurality of first spacings between the first set of elongated protrusions when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake, or (ii) the first set of elongated protrusions passing through a plurality of second spacings between the second set of elongated protrusions when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake. For instance, the first set of elongated protrusions and the second set of elongated protrusions can be provided in an interdigitated configuration as shown in FIG. 5, such that waste residue that adheres to the first set of elongated protrusions 322 of the rotatable shaft can be moved away by the rake when the second set of elongated protrusions 325 of the rake when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake. To enable the relative movement of the rotatable shaft with respect to the rake, the plurality of first spacings between the first set of elongated protrusions of the rotatable shaft can be greater than a dimension of the second set of elongated protrusions of the rake, and the plurality of second spacings between the second set of elongated protrusions of the rake can be greater than a dimension of the first set of elongated protrusions of the rotatable shaft.

The rake can be provided stationery relative to the rotatable shaft. An interaction between the rotatable shaft and the rake can be effected when the first set of elongated protrusions the rotatable shaft is driven to rotate passing through the second set of elongated protrusions. The rake can also be movable relative to the rotatable shaft. In an exemplary configuration, the rake can be movable in a first direction and the rotatable shaft can be movable in a second direction that is different than the first direction. For instance, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the rotatable shaft and the rake can both be rotated in an anti-clockwise direction, such that the protrusions the rotatable shaft and the protrusions the rake move in opposite direction when they meet and interact with each other.

Alternatively or additionally, the waste collection apparatus can comprise a movable mechanism for displacing at least a portion of the waste in the reservoir chamber. In some instances, the movable mechanism can comprise at least one conveyor. The conveyor can be provided at a bottom of the reservoir chamber. In an example, the conveyor can be provided at a bottom of the first chamber to transfer at least a portion of the waste from the first location to the second location within the first chamber. In another example, the conveyor can be provided at a bottom of both the first chamber and the second chamber to transfer at least a portion of the waste from the first chamber to the second chamber within the waste collection apparatus.

The waste collection apparatus can comprise viewing window 631 enabling a visual inspection of an interior of the waste collection apparatus, as shown in FIG. 6. The viewing window can be transparent or translucent. The view window can be provided at a sidewall of the waste collection apparatus. In an exemplary embodiment, the viewing window can be positioned at a sidewall of the second chamber of the waste collection apparatus, for example a sidewall that is most distal to the opening of the reservoir chamber. The view window can occupy at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 60%, 70%, 80%or 90%of an area of the sidewall, or even an entire area of the sidewall. In an exemplary configuration, the waste collection apparatus can further comprise a handle 632 and one or more wheels 633 to facilitate a movement of the waste collection apparatus relative to the body of the sweeper.

FIG. 7 shows a rear perspective view of a movable cleaning machine in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. The operator can couple and temporarily lock the waste collection apparatus 102 onto the body 101 of the movable cleaning machine. The operator can visually inspect an interior of the waste collection apparatus 102 through the view window 631 and determine if a maintenance is necessary. For instance, the operator can visually determine if the waste collection apparatus is full prior to dumping the waste collection apparatus. For instance, the operator can visually check if a clogging occurs to the entrance of the waste collection apparatus and determine a proper troubleshooting operation. Therefore, a productivity can be improved by avoiding frequent but unnecessary dumping or maintenance operation.

The disclosure also provides a movable cleaning machine for collecting waste from a surface. Examples of the movable cleaning machine can comprise a sweeper and a scrubber. The movable cleaning machine can comprise the waste collection apparatus as described in the disclosure with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 and a rotary broom operably coupled to the waste collection apparatus. The rotary broom can be positioned in contact with or adjacent to the surface of the external environment on which the waste is disposed. The rotary broom can be configured to transport at least a portion of the waste on the surface of the external environment to the reservoir chamber of the waste collection apparatus (e.g., the first chamber) .

The disclosure also provides a method for collecting waste from a surface. The method can comprise (i) providing a first chamber adapted to receive the waste from an external environment; (ii) using an air flow generator to transport the waste from the external environment towards the first chamber; and (iii) rotating a shaft disposed at or near an opening of the first chamber to displace at least a portion of the waste flowing by or through a first set of features extending radially from the shaft. The displacing can comprise (i) moving, disintegrating or disaggregating at least a portion of the waste into or within the first chamber, or (ii) channeling or moving at least a portion of the waste to a second chamber or a predetermined location within the first chamber when the rotatable shaft is rotated.

The present disclosure provides a device control system that is programmed to effect and regulate operation of the waste collection apparatus and the movable cleaning machine. FIG. 8 shows a computer system 801 that is programmed or otherwise configured to implement a device control system (e.g., a controller) . The computer system 801 can regulate various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, actuation of the rotatable shaft and other functions and parameters as described elsewhere herein.

The computer system 801 can include a central processing unit (CPU, also “processor” and “computer processor” herein) 809, which can be a single core or multi core processor, or a plurality of processors for parallel processing. The computer system 801 can also include memory 810 (e.g., random-access memory, read-only memory, flash memory) , electronic storage unit 815 (e.g., hard disk) , communication interface 820 (e.g., network adapter) for communicating with one or more other systems, and peripheral devices 825, such as cache, other memory, data storage and/or electronic display adapters. The memory 810, storage unit 815, interface 820 and peripheral devices 825 can be in communication with the CPU 809 through a communication bus. The computer system 801 can be operatively coupled to a computer network 830 with the aid of the communication interface 820. The network 830 can be a telecommunication, the Internet, or an intranet and/or extranet that is in communication with the Internet. The network 830 can include one or more computer servers, which can enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing. Such cloud computing can be provided by cloud computing platforms such as, for example, Amazon Web Services (AWS) , Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform, and IBM cloud.

The CPU 809 can execute a sequence of machine-readable instructions, which can be embodied in a program or software. The instructions can be stored in a memory, such as the memory 810. The instructions can be directed to the CPU 809, which can subsequently program or otherwise configure the CPU 809 to implement methods of the present disclosure. Examples of operations performed by the CPU 809 can include fetch, decode, execute, and writeback. The CPU 809 can be part of a circuit, such as an integrated circuit. One or more other components of the system 801 can be included in the circuit. In some cases, the circuit can be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) .

The storage unit 815 can store files, such as drivers, libraries and saved programs. The storage unit 815 can store user data, e.g., user preferences and user programs. The computer system 801 in some cases can include one or more additional data storage units that are external to the computer system 801, such as located on a remote server that is in communication with the computer system 801 through an intranet or the Internet.

The computer system 801 can communicate with one or more remote computer systems through the network 830. For instance, the computer system 801 can communicate with a remote computer system. Examples of remote computer systems include personal computers (e.g., portable PC) , slate or tablet PC’s (e.g.,

iPad,

Galaxy Tab) , telephones, Smart phones (e.g.,

iPhone, Android-enabled device,

) , or personal digital assistants. The user can access the computer system 801 via the network 830. For example, the operator can control the waste collection apparatus or the movable cleaning machine via a software (e.g., App) running on the mobile electronic device.

Methods as described herein can be implemented by way of machine executable code stored on an electronic storage location of the computer system 801, such as, for example, on the memory 810 or storage unit 815. The machine executable or machine readable code can be provided in the form of software. During use, the code can be executed by the processor 809. In some cases, the code can be retrieved from the storage unit 815 and stored on the memory 810 for ready access by the processor 809. In some situations, the electronic storage unit 815 can be precluded, and machine-executable instructions are stored on memory 810.

The computer system 801 can include or be in communication with an electronic display 835 that comprises a user interface (UI) 840 for displaying various operation parameter of the waste collection apparatus or the movable cleaning machine. The operator can also input desired operation parameter through the user interface 840. Examples of UI’s include, without limitation, a graphical user interface (GUI) and web-based user interface.

Methods and systems of the present disclosure can be implemented by way of one or more algorithms. An algorithm can be implemented by way of software upon execution by the central processing unit 809. The algorithm can, for example, generate instructions to operate one or more components of the waste collection apparatus or the movable cleaning machine.

It should be understood from the foregoing that, while particular implementations have been illustrated and described, various modifications can be made thereto and are contemplated herein. It is also not intended that the invention be limited by the specific examples provided within the specification. While the invention has been described with reference to the disclosure, the descriptions and illustrations of the preferable embodiments herein are not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Furthermore, it shall be understood that all aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific depictions, configurations or relative proportions set forth herein which depend upon a variety of conditions and variables. Various modifications in form and detail of the embodiments of the invention will be apparent to a person skilled in the art. It is therefore contemplated that the invention shall also cover any such modifications, variations and equivalents.

Claims

A waste collection apparatus comprising:

a first chamber adapted to receive waste from an external environment; and

a rotatable shaft disposed at or near an opening of the first chamber, wherein the rotatable shaft comprises a first set of features extending radially from the rotatable shaft, which first set of features is configured to facilitate processing of the waste by displacing the waste as the waste flows by or through the first set of features, wherein the displacing comprises (i) moving, disintegrating, or disaggregating at least a portion of the waste into or within the first chamber or (ii) channeling or moving at least the portion of the waste to a second chamber or a predetermined location within the first chamber when the rotatable shaft is rotated.
The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a rake disposed adjacent to the rotatable shaft, wherein the rake comprises a second set of features configured to displace one or more pieces of waste that adhere to the first set of features when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second chamber is adapted to contain the waste or a portion thereof, and wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are in fluid communication with each other.
The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first set of features and the second set of features are positioned and oriented such that (i) the second set of features passes through a plurality of first spacings between the first set of features when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake, or (ii) the first set of features passes through a plurality of second spacings between the second set of features when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake.
The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first set of features and the second set of features are provided in an interdigitated configuration when (i) the second set of features passes through the plurality of first spacings between the first set of features, or (ii) the first set of features passes through the plurality of second spacings between the second set of features.
The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first set of features and the second set of features comprise one or more elongated protrusions for displacing the at least the portion of the waste.
The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more elongated comprises at least one rigid elongated protrusion.
The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more elongated protrusions comprises at least one flexible elongated protrusion.
The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the plurality of first spacings between the first set of features is greater than a dimension of the second set of features.
The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the plurality of second spacings between the second set of features is greater than a dimension of the first set of features.
The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more elongated protrusions have a rectangular or circular cross-section.
The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more elongated protrusions have a sharp or serrated edge to facilitate displacement of waste.
The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the rake is provided in a fixed spatial configuration and orientation.
The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the rake is movable relative to the rotatable shaft.
The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the rake is movable in a first direction and the rotatable shaft is movable in a second direction that is different than the first direction.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second chamber comprises a transparent or translucent viewing window.
The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a movable mechanism for displacing at least a portion of the waste in the first chamber, wherein the movable mechanism comprises at least one conveyor.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a rotation of the rotatable shaft is actuated based on one or more measurements obtained using a sensor, wherein the sensor comprises a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, or a position sensor.
The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an air flow generator configured to transport the waste from the external environment to the first chamber.
The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the air flow generator comprises at least one of a vacuum or a negative pressure source, or a positive pressure source.
The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a rotary broom that is in contact with or adjacent to a surface of the external environment on which the waste is disposed.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waste comprises dust, debris, or dirt.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first set of features is configured to facilitate processing of the waste to prevent clogging, accumulation or build-up of the waste at the opening of the first chamber or within the first chamber.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first set of features is configured to facilitate processing of the waste by using the displacing to reduce a size or shape of the waste received from the external environment.
A movable cleaning machine for collecting waste, comprising:

the waste collection apparatus of claim 1; and

a rotary broom operably coupled to the waste collection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotary broom is in contact with or adjacent to a surface of the external environment on which the waste is disposed, and wherein the rotary broom is configured to transport at least a portion of the waste on the surface of the external environment to the first chamber.
The movable cleaning machine of claim 25, further comprising (i) a seat or a stand for a user and (ii) a control panel for enabling the user to operate the machine.
The movable cleaning machine of claim 25, wherein the machine is configured to be controlled remotely.
The movable cleaning machine of claim 25, wherein the machine is configured to autonomously or semi-autonomously clean a selected area.
A method for collecting waste, comprising:

providing a first chamber adapted to receive the waste from an external environment;

using an air flow generator to transport the waste from the external environment towards the first chamber; and

rotating a shaft disposed at or near an opening of the first chamber to displace at least a portion of the waste flowing by or through a first set of features extending radially from the shaft, wherein the displacing comprises (i) moving, disintegrating or disaggregating at least a portion of the waste into or within the first chamber or (ii) channeling or moving at least a portion of the waste to a second chamber or a predetermined location within the first chamber when the rotatable shaft is rotated.
The method of claim 29, further comprising:

providing a rake adjacent to the shaft, wherein the rake comprises a second set of features for displacing waste; and

using the second set of features to displace one or more pieces of waste that adhere to the first set of features when at least one of (i) the rotatable shaft and (ii) the rake is moved relative to each other, thereby facilitating a processing of the waste.
The method of claim 30, wherein the first set of features and the second set of features are positioned and oriented such that (i) the second set of features passes through a plurality of first spacings between the first set of features when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake, or (ii) the first set of features passes through a plurality of second spacings between the second set of features when the rotatable shaft is moved relative to the rake.
The method of claim 31, wherein the first set of features and the second set of features are provided in an interdigitated configuration when (i) the second set of features passes through the plurality of first spacings between the first set of features, or (ii) the first set of features passes through the plurality of second spacings between the second set of features.
The method of claim 30, wherein the first set of features and the second set of features comprise one or more elongated protrusions for displacing the at least the portion of the waste.
The method of claim 33, wherein the one or more elongated comprises at least one rigid elongated protrusion.
The method of claim 33, wherein the one or more elongated protrusions comprises at least one flexible elongated protrusion.
The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of first spacings between the first set of features is greater than a dimension of the second set of features.
The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of second spacings between the second set of features is greater than a dimension of the first set of features.
The method of claim 33, wherein the one or more elongated protrusions have a rectangular or circular cross-section.
The method of claim 33, wherein the one or more elongated protrusions have a sharp or serrated edge to facilitate displacement of waste.
The method of claim 30, wherein the rake is provided in a fixed spatial configuration and orientation.
The method of claim 30, wherein the rake is movable relative to the rotatable shaft.
The method of claim 41, wherein the rake is movable in a first direction and the rotatable shaft is movable in a second direction that is different than the first direction.
The method of claim 29, wherein the second chamber comprises a transparent or translucent viewing window.
The method of claim 29, further comprising providing a movable mechanism for displacing at least a portion of the waste in the first chamber, wherein the movable mechanism comprises at least one conveyor.
The method of claim 29, wherein the rotation of the rotatable shaft is actuated based on one or more measurements obtained using a sensor, wherein the sensor comprises a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, or a position sensor.
The method of claim 29, further comprising providing an air flow generator configured to transport the waste from the external environment to the first chamber.
The method of claim 46, wherein the air flow generator comprises at least one of a vacuum or a negative pressure source, or a positive pressure source.
The method of claim 29, further comprising providing a rotary broom that is in contact with or adjacent to a surface of the external environment on which the waste is disposed.
The method of claim 29, wherein the waste comprises dust, debris, or dirt.
The method of claim 29, wherein the first set of features is configured to facilitate processing of the waste to prevent clogging, accumulation or build-up of the waste at the opening of the first chamber or within the first chamber.
The method of claim 29, wherein the first set of features is configured to facilitate processing of the waste by using the displacing to reduce a size or shape of the waste received from the external environment.