WO2022112213A1

WO2022112213A1 - Crystalline forms of 3-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2s)-3,3,3-trifluoro- 2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]methyl]-1-[3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-1h-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide

Info

Publication number: WO2022112213A1
Application number: PCT/EP2021/082605
Authority: WO
Inventors: Britta Olenik; Birgit Keil; Bernd Rösler; Michal SOWA; Ingrid GAYDOS; Sandra ZIEM; Lars Frye; Frank GRÖGER
Original assignee: Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2020-11-30
Filing date: 2021-11-23
Publication date: 2022-06-02

Abstract

This present invention relates to the crystalline form of 3-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3,3,3- trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]methyl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2- yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide which is the monohydrate, to processes for its preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising it and to its use in the control of disorders.

Description

CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF 3-[[3-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-5-OXO-4-((2S)-3,3,3-TRIFLUORO- 2-HYDROXYPROPYL)-4,5-DIHYDRO-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-1-YL]METHYL]-1-[3- (TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-YL]-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-5-CARBOXAMIDE

This present invention relates to the crystalline forms of 3-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3,3,3- trifluoro-2 -hydroxypropyl)-4, 5 -dihydro- 1H- 1 ,2, 4-triazol- 1 -yl]methyl] - 1 - [3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2- yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide, to processes for its preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising it and to its use in the control of disorders.

Compounds of the formula (1) as disclosed in WO 2017/191102-A1 and WO 2017/191107-A1, are highly potent and selective antagonists of the Via receptor and can be used as agents for prophylaxis and/or treatment of cardiovascular disorders and/or renal disorders, for example acute and chronic kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy, acute and chronic heart failure, preeclampsia, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), Raynaud’s syndrome and dysmenorrhea.

3-[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4, 5-dihydro- lH-1, 2, 4-triazol- l-yl]methyl]-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide, which is example 2 of WO 2017/191102-A1, corresponds to the compound of formula (I):

(I)·

3-[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4, 5-dihydro- lH-1, 2, 4-triazol- l-yl]methyl]-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide (I) is known to be a highly potent and selective antagonist of the Vasopressin Via receptor.

Further compounds of the formula (1) and structurally similar compounds which act as potent selective or dual Vla/V2 receptor antagonists are disclosed in WO 2016/071212, WO 2017/191105, WO 2017/191112, WO 2017/191114, WO 2017/191115, WO 2018/073144, WO 2019/081292, WO 2019/081291, WO 2019/081299, WO 2019/081302, WO 2019/081303, WO 2019/081306, WO 2019/081307. PCT application WO 2017/191102 discloses the compound, data showing its pharmaceutical activity, and a method for the preparation of 3-[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2- hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl]methyl] - 1 -[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] - 1H- 1, 2, 4-triazole-5 -carboxamide (I). The compounds and the research synthesis described therein is regarded as the closest prior art. Scheme 1 below shows the process for preparing 3-[[3-(4- Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-l- yl]methyl]-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide (I) according to WO 2017/ 191102 (see WO 2017/ 191102, page 13-23, claim 4, example 2) ;

Scheme 1: Synthesis of 3-[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5- dihydro- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl]methyl] - 1 -[3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5 - carboxamide (I) according to WO 2017/191102.

Proceeding from 5-(4-chlorophcnyl)-4-|(2.Y)-3.3.3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl |-2.4-dihydro-3H- 1.2.4- triazol-3-one, 3-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH- l,2,4-triazol-l-yl]methyl]-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide (I) is prepared in four stages with an overall yield of 31,6% of theory. In the final stage of the process an aminolysis of the methyl ester group of intermediate 7A affords the target compound of the formula (I). The experiment is disclosed as example 2 in WO 2017/191102: intermediate compound 7A is dissolved in an ammonia solution and stirred at room temperature for one hour. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the crude product is purified by preparative HPLC. The product containing fractions are then lyophilized and 3-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4, 5-dihydro- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl]methyl] - 1 -[3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5 -carboxamide (I) is obtained as a solid in 85% yield. PCT application WO 2019/081292 discloses a prodrug form of 3-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)- 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl]methyl]-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)- pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide (I), which is the OH-phosphate derivative. (2S)-3-[l- ({5-Carbamoyl-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl}methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)- 5-oxo-l,5-dihydro-4H-l,2,4-triazol-4-yl]-l,l,l-trifluoropropan-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate is obtained via reaction with phosphorus oxychloride (example 1) and a hemihydrate form is further obtained in example 1-1 via stirring in toluene and suspending the obtained solids in a mixture of dichloromethane/n-heptane (200 ml, 55:45) and stirring at 40 °C for eight days.

There are many factors influencing the suitability of an active compound product for producing pharmaceutical dosage forms. Essential for the production of pharmaceutical dosage forms on an industrial scale in particular are for example good isolation properties, drying behaviour, bulk powder handling properties and finally micronization behaviour of the active compound product. These may be influenced for example by the solid-state properties of the active compound product such as particle shape and size. An essential property is the solid-state form (modification) of an API and in particular the presence of a defined modification of the active compound. Known techniques for producing readily processable pharmaceutical active compound products are particle size-reducing processes such as micronization using jet mills or else wet milling.

Comminution respectively milling in general is applied in API manufacturing to physically break down coarser particles into finer ones by applying mechanical energy. The finer particles come along with a higher specific surface area. Besides that, the shape of the particles is usually altered and effects like amorphization and/or structural disordering of drug crystals are often observed. All these effects induced by micronization usually enhance drug dissolution and solubility, which acts in favour of bioavailability. The mechanical stress required for milling can be applied by different techniques . Among these are ball milling, wet milling, media milling, high pressure homogenization, cryogenic milling as well as fluid energy milling (e.g. see review article: Loh Z.H., Samanta A.K., Heng P.W.S., Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences JO, 255- 274 (2015)). The latter is for example realized by means of air respectively spiral jet mills. The associated process is called micronization.

The microstmctural character of the substance may change dramatically during the micronization process, which may have an influence on its properties as well as the physical or chemical stability of the substance. In particular, the formation of amorphous amounts during micronization can lead to overdosing effects for a given drug substance because amorphous material has a dramatically higher kinetic solubility (e.g. see Hancock, B.,C., Parks, M., Pharmaceutical Research, J/7, 4, 397-404 (2000)).

The stability of hydrates can also be very sensitive to mechanical stressing. Hydrates might then undergo a dehydration step, which may initiate a transformation to a less hydrated form, to a new anhydrous crystalline form or to an amorphous phase (e.g. see Giron, D., Goldbronn, Ch., Mutz, M., Pfeifer, S., Piechon, Ph., Schwab, Ph., Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 68, 453-465 (2002)).

On the other hand micronization is an indispensable manufacturing process which guarantees a constant drug quality by defining the particle size and the homogeneity of the drug substance.

It is an object of the present invention to provide (I) in a solid state form which shows superior qualities compared to the known form and/or to the other solid state forms.

The present invention solves those problems as described below.

The present invention relates to compound (II)

The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising compound (II) and optionally further pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the compound of the formula (II), the process comprising contacting a solution of (I) with an antisolvent.

The inventive preparation of the compound of the formula (II) in its advantageous crystalline form, which previously has not been described, is shown in the following scheme:

Scheme 2: Synthesis of (II) (I) is converted to its crystalline monohydrate form with the chemical composition as in formula

(II) by the reaction conditions as disclosed infra, having advantageous properties for using it as pharmaceutical ingredient.

The present invention provides the compound of formula (I) in a solid state which can easily be prepared in a reproducible manner, is easy to micronize and in high yields, can be formulated as tablet without an undue burden, is stable during storage.

It has now been found that the monohydrate (II) of 3-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3,3,3- trifluoro-2 -hydroxypropyl)-4, 5 -dihydro- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl | methyl | - 1 - [3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2- yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide (I) provides the benefits described above.

The following crystalline forms of the compound of formula (I) have been identified which are modification A and the monohydrate (3.0 % w/w content of water). In this context modifications, polymorphic forms and polymorphs have the same meaning. In addition the amorphous form exists. All together - the polymorphic form (modification A), the pseudopolymorphic form (monohydrate) and the amorphous form - are different solid forms of the compound of formula (I).

The monohydrate of the compound of the formula (I) is the most feasible form for producing pharmaceutical dosage forms and is referred to herein as compound (II) as well as monohydrate (II). Surprisingly, the monohydrate (II) shows beneficial properties over the other solid forms of the compound of formula (I) during the manufacturing process of the pharmaceutical composition. This manufacturing process includes a micronization step, which is necessary to ensure sufficiently good drug product quality as well as bioavailability by delivering a homogeneous material of a defined particle size distribution (PSD). Surprisingly, the monohydrate (II) shows good physical stability during the micronization step without loss of water or transition to other solid state forms. Surprisingly it was found, that only the monohydrate could be micronized to the desired particle size distribution with a technically feasible yield and without showing any unfavorable caking tendency inside the mill. Surprisingly, compound (II) shows beneficial properties with regard to: can be prepared in a reproducible manner. The optimized crystallization process gave the monohydrate (II) in a yield of up to 90.7 % (th.). The crystals showed good properties in terms of filtration and isolation. is easy to micronize and in high yields. Micronization was performed with a yield of 98.2 % (th.). No problems during micronization were observed; can be formulated as a tablet without undue burden by fluidized bed granulation, drying, sieving final blending, tablet compression and coating; is stable during storage. The monohydrate form is stable in the tablet matrix and does not change during storage (see Table 4 and 5),

The monohydrate (II) is therefore suitable and preferred over the other solid forms of the compound of formula (I) for use in the pharmaceutical field, in particular suitable for pharmaceutical compositions such as tablets.

In particular, the monohydrate (II) ensures that upon micronization a uniform micronized product securely lying within the desired particle size distribution is obtained in a technically feasible yield while meeting all other properties specified above. This increases the safety and quality of pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising the compound of the formula (I) in its monohydrate form (II) which in turn reduces the risk to the patient.

A pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprises the monohydrate (II) and optionally further pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the monohydrate (II) mainly and no significant fractions of another form of the compound of the formula (I) and optionally further pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. More preferably the pharmaceutical composition contains more than 85 percent by weight, more preferably more than 90 percent by weight, most preferably more than 95 percent by weight, of the monohydrate (II) related to the total amount of all forms of the compound of the formula (I) present in the composition.

The different forms of the compound of formula (I) can be distinguished by X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and IR spectroscopy.

The monohydrate (II) can be characterized unambiguously by a X-Ray powder diffractogram (at 25°C and with Cu-K alpha 1 as radiation source) which displays at least the following reflections: 13.7, 22.6 and 24.5, preferably at least the following reflections: 13.7, 16.0, 17.6, 22.6, and 24.5, more preferably at least the following reflections: 13.7, 16.0, 17.6, 22.6, 24.5 and 25.7, most preferably at least the following reflections: 5.7, 8.9, 13.7, 14.2, 16.0, 17.6, 22.6, 24.5 and 25.7, each quoted as 2Q value ± 0.2°. The monohydrate (II) can also be characterized unambiguously by the X-Ray powder diffractogram (at 25°C and with Cu-K alpha 1 as radiation source) as shown in Figure 1.

The polymorphic form A of the compound of formula (I) can be characterized unambiguously by a X- Ray powder diffractogram (at 25 °C and with Cu-K alpha 1 as radiation source) which displays at least the following reflections: 8.5, 17.3 and 20.9, preferably at least the following reflections: 8.5, 15.2, 17.3, 20.9 and 23.0, more preferably at leastthe following reflections: 8.5, 12.5, 15.2, 17.3, 20.9, 22.7 and 24.0, most preferably at least the following reflections: 8.5, 10.8, 12.5, 15.2, 17.3, 19.1, 20.9, 22.7, 24.0, 25.1 and 30.0, each quoted as 2Q value ± 0.2°. The compound of formula (I) in the polymorphic form A can also be characterized unambiguously by the X-Ray powder diffractogram (at 25 °C and with Cu-K alpha 1 as radiation source) as shown in Figure 2.

The monohydrate (II), modification A and the amorphous form are further characterized by the X-ray powder difffactograms depicted in Fig. 1 to 3.

The monohydrate (II), modification A and the amorphous form of 3-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)- 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl]methyl]-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)- pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide can be characterized by Raman spectroscopy on the basis of the respective spectrum, which are recorded at 25°C and with a laser wavelength of 1064 nm and a resolution of 2 cm ¹.

The monohydrate (II), modification A and the amorphous form of 3-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4- ((2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl]methyl]-l-[3-(trifluoro- methyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide can be characterized by infrared spectroscopy on the basis of the respective spectrum, which are recorded at 25°C using an universal diamond ATR device and a resolution of 4 cm ¹. The monohydrate (II) can be characterized unambiguously by infrared spectrsocopy (at 25°C with Diamond ATR unit) which displays at least the following bands: 1108, 1717 and 1259 cm ¹, preferably at least the following bands: 1108, 1717, 1259, 1425 and 1349 cm ¹, more preferably at least the following bands: 644, 1108, 1259, 1349, 1425, 1516 and 1717 cm ¹, most preferably at leastthe following bands: 624, 644, 1108, 1259, 1349, 1425, 1516, 1717, and 3029 cm ¹.

The monohydrate (II) can also be characterized unambiguously by the infrared spectrum (at 25°C with Diamond ATR unit) as shown in Figure 10.

Crystallization process for the preparation of the crystalline forms of the compound of formula (I):

One aspect of the present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of the crystalline forms of the compound of the formula (I), more specific its crystalline monohydrate form (II). The present invention provides a method of preparing 3-[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3,3,3- trifluoro-2 -hydroxypropyl)-4, 5 -dihydro- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl]methyl] - 1 - [3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2- yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide of formula (I) in a crystalline form comprising the step a) of contacting a solution of the compound of formula (I) with at least one antisolvent.

The present invention provides a method of preparing crystalline 3-[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)- 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl]methyl]-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)- pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide monohydrate (II) comprising the step a) of contacting a solution of the compound of formula (I) with at least one antisolvent. aa) Preparing a solution of the compound of formula (I):

The compound of formula (I) in solid form is dissolved in one or more suitable solvents.

Typical solvents are polar and/or aprotic solvents , for example, DMSO, N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylformamide (DMF), 1,2-dimethoxyethane, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile, acetone, 1,4-dioxane and 2- methyl-THF.

In one embodiment of the present invention the at least one polar and/or aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile, acetone, 1,4-dioxane and 2-methyl -THF.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention step a) employs a methanol solution of the compound of formula (I).

The compound of formula (I) in solid form may generally be employed in amorphous form, as solvate, ansolvate, or mixtures thereof.

If desired, it is also concievable that a two- (or more) step crystallization, resp. a repeated crystallization in several cycles, may be conducted. In such an embodiment, the compound of formula (I) in its employed starting form(s) may be re-crystallized to the same or another (pseudo)polymorphic form. This may be done e.g. to provide additional purification or to further improve solid-state properties (like particle size). The dissolving is conducted at a temperature in the range of +10°C to +100 °C. According to a further embodiment of the invention, dissolving is conducted at a temperature in the range of +15°C to +80 °C. According to a further embodiment of the invention, dissolving is conducted at a temperature in the range of +20°C to +65 °C.

The ratio of compound of formula (I) to the solvent or solvent mixture is from 1:2 to 1:20 (w/w). According to a further embodiment of the invention, the ratio of compound of formula (I) to the solvent or solvent mixture is from 1:3 to 1:17 (w/w). According to a further embodiment of the invention, the ratio of compound (I) to the solvent or solvent mixture is from 1:4 to 1: 13 (w/w). In a preferred embodiment of the invention the ratio of compound (I) to the solvent or solvent mixture is from 1:3 to 1:5 (w/w). In another preferred embodiment of the invention the ratio of compound (I) to the solvent or solvent mixture is from 1:3 to 1:4 (w/w). In another preferred embodiment of the invention invention the ratio of compound (I) to the solvent or solvent mixture is 1:4 (w/w).

To provide an economical advantage of the process, the crystallization of the desired form of compound of formula (I) may be performed directly after a chemical reaction step, from the so-called post-reaction mixture (a mixture containing reaction solvent (or solvents) as well as the product and, possibly, unreacted educts and possibly side components). That way the number of conducted unit operations as well as the resulting amount of used solvents and necessary time and effort are minimized. In such an embodiment it can be beneficial to filter the post-reaction mixture before employing it in the crystallization process, (e.g. to remove any insoluble and/or foreign particles, such as salts or debris, and further increase the quality of final product) and/or to remove volatiles by vacuum distillation. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the solution of the compound of formula (I) in step a) is a post-reaction mixture obtained from a preceding reaction step. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solution of the compound of formula (I) employed in step a) is a post-reaction methanolic solution of the compound of formula (I) obtained from a preceding aminolysis reaction step (scheme 3).

Scheme 3:

The preparation of 3-[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4, 5-dihydro- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl]methyl]- 1 -[3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide (I) has been described in WO 2017/191102 (see scheme 1 above and WO 2017/191102, page 13-23, claim 4, example 2): The aminolysis reaction (III) — » (I) is usually carried out in a solution of ammonia. Suitable ammonia solutions for this step are saturated ammonia solutions, in particular a solution of ammonia in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or water or a mixture thereof. Preferably, a methanolic ammonia solution is used. The reaction is preferably performed directly in the ammonia solution in the absence of any further reaction solvent. This step is generally carried out at a temperature in the range of +20°C to +120°C, preferably at room temperature. Concomitant microwave irradiation may have a beneficial effect in this reaction as well at a temperature in the range of +60°C to +150°C, preferably at +120°C. The reaction can be performed at standard, elevated or reduced pressure (e.g. from 0.5 to 5 bar); in general, standard pressure is employed.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the post-reaction mixture obtained from a preceding reaction is optionally subjected to a clarifying filtration step before it is employed in step a). a) Contacting a solution of the compound of formula (I) with an antisolvent:

The solution of the compound of formula (I) is contacted with an antisolvent or an antisolvent mixture in order to promote crystallization. The contacting can in principle be carried out by standard laboratory techniques such as mixing, stirring or other addition techniques, such as injection.

In one embodiment of the present invention step a) comprises mixing a solution of the compound of formula (I) with at least one antisolvent.

Typical antisolvents are, for example, water, or a mixture of water with one or more organic solvents, such as selected from the group comprising methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile, acetone, 1,4-dioxane or methyl-THF. Other typical antisolvents are, for example, hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, ethyl acetate as well as their mixtures with one or more solvents selected from the group comprising ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, di-ethyl ether, di-isopropyl ether or methyl-tert-butyl ether.

In one embodiment of the present invention step a) employs water as antisolvent. In a further embodiment of the present invention step a) employs water as antisolvent and no other antisolvent. In a further embodiment of the present invention step a) employs a water-containing antisolvent mixture. In a further embodiment of the present invention step a) employs a mixture of water with one or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile, acetone, 1,4-dioxane or methyl-THF.

Step a) may be conducted at a temperature in the range of 0°C to +100 °C. According to a further embodiment of the invention, step a) is conducted at a temperature in the range of 0°C to +80 °C. According to a further embodiment of the invention, step a) is conducted at a temperature in the range of 0°C to +65 °C. According to a further embodiment of the invention, step a) is conducted at a temperature in the range of 0°C to +50 °C. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step a) is conducted at a temperature in the range of 0°C to +30 °C. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, step a) is conducted at a temperature in the range of +10°C to +30 °C. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, step a) is conducted at a temperature of +20°C.

When water as antisolvent or a water-containing antisolvent mixture is used, the ratio of water to the organic solvent or solvent mixture is typically from 1 :0 to 1 :3 (w/w). According to a further embodiment of the invention, the ratio of water to one or more of the organic solvents is from 1:0 to 1:2 (w/w). According to a further embodiment of the invention, the ratio of water to one or more of the organic solvents is from 1:0 to 1: 1 (w/w).

The ratio of compound (I) to antisolvent or antisolvent mixture is typically in the range of from 1:3 to 1: 100 (w/w). According to a further embodiment of the invention, the ratio of compound (I) to antisolvent or antisolvent mixture is in the range of from 1:4 to 1:50 (w/w). According to a further embodiment of the invention, the ratio of compound (I) to antisolvent or antisolvent mixture is in the range of from 1:5 to 1:26 (w/w). According to a further embodiment of the invention, the ratio of compound (I) to antisolvent or antisolvent mixture is in the range of from 1:8 to 1:26 (w/w). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of compound (I) to antisolvent or antisolvent mixture is from 1:8 to 1: 12 (w/w), In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of compound (I) to antisolvent or antisolvent mixture is 1: 10 (w/w).

The contacting in step a) can be performed in different ways with regard to the sequence of the addition:

Thus, one embodiment of the present invention provides a method comprising a step a), wherein at least one antisolvent is added to a solution of the compound of formula (I) (variant A).

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method comprising a step a), wherein the solution of the compound of formula (I) is added to the at least one antisolvent (variant B).

The addition can be performed by standard laboratory techniques such as using a dropping funnel, peristaltic pump or membrane pump. Addition can be done over the top of the solution (either in a localized manner, or thorugh spraying) or under the liquid level.

The contacting in step a) is typically performed within an addition time (t_a) of 0.1-1200 min. The contacting in step a) is typically performed within an addition time (t_a) of the at least one antisolvent of 0.1-1200 min (variant A). The contacting in step a) is typically performed within an addition time (t_a) of the solution of the compound of formula (I) of 0.1-1200 min (variant B). In a further embodiment of the invention, the addition time (t_a) is 0.1-450 min. In another embodiment of the invention, the the addition time (t_a) is 120-450 min. In a further embodiment of the invention, the addition time (t ) is 60-1200 min. In another embodiment of the invention, the addition time (t_a) is 60-450 min. In another embodiment of the invention, the addition time (t_a) is 120-450 min. In another particular embodiment of the invention, the addition time (t_a) is 60 min. In another particular embodiment of the invention, the addition time (t_a) is 180 min. In another particular embodiment of the invention, the addition time (t_a) is 210 min. In another particular embodiment of the invention, the addition time (t_a) is 450 min.

The period for the addition time (t_a) is to be understood to refer to the complete time for the contacting step a) including any optional steps, such as seeding and/or induction.

Seeding: According to the presented invention, a seeding step can be included in step a) to favour the formation of crystals. When the process is performed for a second time or repeatedly, in one embodiment of the present invention, it may favorably be carried out with seeding by addition of the compound of formula (I) in the desired crystalline form. The seed crystals of a crystalline form of compound (I) may be collected from a first crystallization experiment and then used for a second and further crystallization.

Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) is seeded by addition of monohydrate (II) seed crystals.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) seeded by addition of monohydrate (II) seed crystals after addition of 5-100% (w/w) of the complete amount of antisolvent or antisolvent mixture to the solution of the compound of formula (I). In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) seeded by addition of monohydrate (II) seed crystals after addition of 5-20% (w/w) of the complete amount of antisolvent or antisolvent mixture to the solution of the compound of formula (I). In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) seeded by addition of monohydrate (II) seed crystals after addition of 10% (w/w) of the complete amount of antisolvent or antisolvent mixture to the solution of the compound of formula (I) (variant A).

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) seeded by addition of monohydrate (II) seed crystals after addition of 5-100% (w/w) of the complete amount of solution of the compound of formula (I) to the antisolvent or antisolvent mixture. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) seeded by addition of monohydrate (II) seed crystals after addition of 5-20% (w/w) of the complete amount of solution of the compound of formula (I) to the antisolvent or antisolvent mixture. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) seeded by addition of monohydrate (II) seed crystals after addition of 10% (w/w) of the complete amount of solution of the compound of formula (I) to the antisolvent or antisolvent mixture (variant B).

Induction period: According to the presented invention, an induction period (t,) can be included in step a) to favour the formation of crystals. An induction period is to be understood that after a specified amount of solution and antisolvent(s) have been dosed, the dosing is stopped and the mixture is then stirred for a certain time (ti).

Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) is stirred for an induction period (ti) of 10-720 min after addition of 5-100% (w/w) of the complete amount of antisolvent or antisolvent mixture to the solution of the compound of formula (I). In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) is stirred for an induction period (t,) of 10-60 min after addition of 5-20% (w/w) of the complete amount of antisolvent or antisolvent mixture to the solution of the compound of formula (I). In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) is stirred for an induction period (ti) of 10-60 min after addition of 10% (w/w) of the complete amount of antisolvent or antisolvent mixture to the solution of the compound of formula (I) (variant A)

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) is stirred for an induction period (ti) of 10-720 min after addition of 5-100% (w/w) of the complete amount of solution of the compound of formula (I) to the antisolvent or antisolvent mixture. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) is stirred for an induction period (ti) of 10-60 min after addition of 5-20% (w/w) of the complete amount of solution of the compound of formula (I) to the antisolvent or antisolvent mixture. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) is stirred for an induction period (ti) of 10-60 min after addition of 10% (w/w) of the complete amount of solution of the compound of formula (I) to the antisolvent or antisolvent mixture (variant B)

When step a) is carried out with seeding, in one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture employed in step a) is stirred for an induction period (ti) of 10-60 min after addition of the seed crystals.

In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the induction period (ti) is 10-60 min. In another particular embodiment of the present invention, the induction period (ti) is 15 min. In another particular embodiment of the present invention, the induction period (ti) is 60 min. b) Cooling: Step a) may favorably be followed by a cooling step b), where the mixture obtained from step a) is cooled down to a desired lower temperature.

Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture obtained from step a) is cooled down to a lower temperature in the range of from 0°C to +60 °C at a cooling rate of 1-60 K h or 5-35 K/h or 5- 25 K h. According to a further embodiment, the mixture is cooled down to a lower temperature in the range of from 0°C to +40 °C at a cooling rate of 1-60 K h or 5-35 K h or 5-25 K h. According to a further embodiment, the mixture is cooled down to a lower temperature in the range of from 0°C to +10 °C at a cooling rate of 1-60 K h or 5-35 K h or 5-25 K h. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture obtained from step a) is cooled down to a lower temperature in the range of from 0°C to +60 °C or from 0°C to +40 °C or from 0°C to +20 °C at a cooling rate of 1-60 K/h. According to a further embodiment, the mixture is cooled down to a lower temperature in the range of from 0°C to +60 °C or from 0°C to +40 °C or from 0°C to +20 °C at a cooling rate of 5-35 K/h. According to a further embodiment, the mixture is cooled down to a lower temperature in the range of from 0°C to +60 °C or from 0°C to +40 °C or from 0°C to +20 °C at a cooling rate of 5-25 K h.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the mixture obtained from step a) is cooled down from a temperature of +20°C to a lower temperature of +5°C at a cooling rate of 15 K h. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the mixture obtained from step a) is cooled down to a temperature of +5 °C. cl Post-stirring: Step a) or step b) may optionally be followed by a post-stirring period (t_p).

Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture obtained from step a) or step b) is stirred for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 0.1 -720 min. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture obtained from step a) is stirred for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 0.1-180 min. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture obtained from step a) is stirred for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 60-180 min. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture obtained from step a) is stirred for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 60 minutes.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture obtained from the cooling step b) is stirred at the lower temperature for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 0.1 minutes to 5 days. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture obtained from the cooling step b) is stirred at the lower temperature for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 60-360 min. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture obtained from the cooling step b) is stirred at the lower temperature for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 0.1- 60 min. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture obtained from the cooling step b) is stirred at the lower temperature for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 60 minutes. dl Isolating washing and drying: The crystalline product obtained will be isolated and can thereafter optionally be subjected to a purification and/or drying step. Typically, purification can be done by washing with pure water or water-solvent mixtures, where the solvents are selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile, acetone, 1,4-dioxane or methyl - THF.

In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the suspension obtained from step a) or step b) or step c) is isolated and the crystalline product is washed (step d). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crystalline product is isolated by filtration and washed with water. In one embodiment of the present invention the drying is carried out under reduced pressure with a nitrogen stream at a temperature of 15 -75 °C . In a further embodiment of the present invention the drying is carried out at a temperature of 20-70°C. In a further embodiment of the present invention the drying is carried out at a temperature of 25-50°C. c) Micronization: The crystalline product obtained can optionally be sieved and/or micronized (e.g. size reduction using an air jet mill) or processed through wet milling.

Through micronization the size of the crystalline product is reduced to a specified particle size distribution. This specified particle size distribution will be defined in such a way that satisfactory dosage content uniformity, dissolution profiles, and a controlled release profile are safely met.

Improved micronization behaviour is measurable e.g. through more stable processing of the material inside the milling chamber (e.g. absence of caking), as well as safely meeting the specified particle size distribution and process efficiency (e.g. yield, reduced number of cleaning intervals).

Typically, initial micronization is conducted using a small air jet mill (e.g. diameter of 50 mm). For production purposes the micronization process can easily be scaled up to larger mills with diameters of e.g. 100, 200 or 300 mm.

In one embodiment of the invention the micronization is performed according to the conditions as disclosed in example 4.1, more specifically according to example 4.1-1.

One embodiment of the invention provides a method of preparing monohydrate (II) as disclosed infra comprising a step where the crystalline product obtained is micronized in a further step e).

One embodiment of the invention is monohydrate (II) in micronized form. A further embodiment of the invention is monohydrate (II) in micronized form, obtainable by the method according to the present invention.

A further embodiment of the invention is monohydrate (II) in micronized form having a particle size of 0.1 mhi- 100 pm (X10-X90). A further embodiment of the invention is monohydrate (II) in micronized form having a particle size of 0.3 pm- 100 pm (X10-X90). A further embodiment of the invention is monohydrate (II) in micronized form having a particle size of 0.3 pm-20 pm (X10-X90). A further embodiment of the invention is monohydrate (II) in micronized form having a particle size of 1.1 pm- 20 pm (X10-X90). A further embodiment of the invention is monohydrate (II) in micronized form having a particle size of 1.1 pm - 10.6 pm (X10-X90).

According to the present invention, the solid compound of formula (I) with improved properties, e.g. micronization behaviour, will be manufactured according to a process comprising the following steps: aa) i. Optionally preparing a solution of the compound of formula (I) by dissolving compound of formula (I) in solid form in one or more suitable solvents, or ii. Optionally preparing a post-reaction mixture of compound (I) obtained from a preceding aminolysis reaction; ii.1. Optionally subjecting the post-reaction mixture to a clarifying filtration step, a) i. Contacting a solution of the compound of formula (I) with at least one antisolvent, or ii. Contacting a post-reaction mixture of the compound of formula (I) obtained from a preceding reaction step with at least one antisolvent, i. and ii.: variant A): Adding at least one antisolvent to a solution or post-reaction mixture of the compound of formula (I) within an addition time (t_a),

1. optionally seeding the mixture by addition of seed crystals of a crystalline form of compound (I),

2. and/or optionally stirring the mixture for an induction period (ti) of 10-720 minutes after addition of 5-100% (w/w) of the complete amount of antisolvent or antisolvent mixture to the solution of the compound of formula (I), i . and ii . : variant B) : Adding a solution or post-reaction mixture of the compound of formula (I) to the at least one antisolvent within an addition time (t_a),

2. and/or optionally stirring the mixture for an induction period (t,) of 10-720 minutes after addition of 5-100% (w/w) of the complete amount of solution of the compound of formula (I) to the antisolvent or antisolvent mixture, b) Optionally cooling down the mixture to a desired lower temperature, c) Optionally stirring the mixture for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 0.1-720 min, d) Isolating, and optionally washing and/or drying the crystalline product obtained, e) Optionally sieving and/or micronizing the crystalline product.

In internal experiments it has been found by the present inventors, that when performing crystallization at conditions and under parameters typically attempted by a person skilled in the art, a competing preferred crystallization of the other solid forms of the compound of formula (I) may occur, often accompanied by significant demixing (oiling -out). Isolation of the monohydrate thus requires a precise and uncommon operating window to avoid unfavorable process conditions, where metastable equilibria of other forms and compositions are crossed. Those include e.g. metastable equilibria of modification A as well as metastable spinodal decomposition. Surprisingly, it has now been found that under the optimized reaction conditions described in the embodiments of the present invention as disclosed infra, a reliable and reproducible crystallization can be achieved.

An advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides a method of preparing crystalline 3-[[3- (4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-l- yl]methyl] - 1 - [3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide monohydrate (II) comprising the successive steps a)-e) of a) adding a solution of the compound of formula (I) in methanol to water at a temperature in the range of 0°C to +30 °C, preferably +20 °C, and within an addition time (t_a) of 60-1200 min, preferably 120- 450 min, wherein the ratio of compound (I) to methanol is from 1:3 to 1:5 (w/w), preferably 1:4 (w/w), and the ratio of compound (I) to water is from 1:8 to 1: 12 (w/w), preferably 1:10 (w/w), and wherein the mixture is stirred for an induction period (ti) of 10-60 min, preferably 60 min, after addition of 5-20% (w/w), preferably 10% (w/w), of the complete amount of the methanol solution of compound of formula (I) to water, b) cooling down the the mixture obtained from step a) to a temperature of from 0 °C to +10 °C, preferably to a temperature of +5 °C, c) optionally stirring the mixture obtained from step b) for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 0.1-720 min, d) isolating and optionally washing and/or drying the product obtained from steps b) and/or c), e) optionally micronizing the product obtained product from step d).

Another advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides a method of preparing crystalline 3-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl]methyl] - 1 -[3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5 -carboxamide monohydrate (II) comprising the successive steps a) and b) of a) adding a solution of the compound of formula (I) in methanol to water at a temperature in the range of 0°C to +30 °C, preferably +20 °C, and within an addition time (t_a) of 60-1200 min, preferably 120- 450 min, wherein the ratio of compound (I) to methanol is from 1:3 to 1:5 (w/w), preferably 1:4 (w/w), and the ratio of compound (I) to water is from 1:8 to 1: 12 (w/w), preferably 1:10 (w/w), and wherein the mixture is stirred for an induction period (t,) of 10-60 min, preferably 60 min, after addition of 5-20% (w/w), preferably 10% (w/w), of the complete amount of the methanol solution of compound of formula (I) to water, b) cooling down the the mixture obtained from step a) to a temperature of from 0 °C to +10 °C, preferably to a temperature of +5 °C.

Another advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides a method of preparing crystalline 3-[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4, 5-dihydro- lH-1, 2, 4-triazol- 1 -yl]methyl] - 1 -[3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5 -carboxamide monohydrate (II) comprising the successive steps a) and b) of a) adding a solution of the compound of formula (I) in methanol to water at a temperature in the range of 0°C to +30 °C, preferably +20 °C, and within an addition time (t_a) of 60-1200 min, preferably 120- 450 min, wherein the ratio of compound (I) to methanol is from 1:3 to 1:5 (w/w), preferably 1:4 (w/w), and the ratio of compound (I) to water is from 1:8 to 1: 12 (w/w), preferably l:10 (w/w), and wherein the mixture is seeded by addition of monohydrate (II) seed crystals after addition of 5- 20% (w/w), preferably 10% (w/w), of the complete amount of the methanol solution of compound of formula (I) to water, b) cooling down the the mixture obtained from step a) to a temperature of from 0 °C to +10 °C, preferably to a temperature of +5 °C.

Another advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides a method of preparing crystalline 3-[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4, 5-dihydro- lH-1, 2, 4-triazol- 1 -yl]methyl] - 1 -[3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5 -carboxamide monohydrate (II) comprising the successive steps a)-c) of a) adding a solution of the compound of formula (I) in methanol to water at a temperature in the range of 0°C to +30 °C, preferably +20 °C, and within an addition time (t_a) of 60-1200 min, preferably 120- 450 min, wherein the ratio of compound (I) to methanol is from 1:3 to 1:5 (w/w), preferably 1:4 (w/w), (w/w) and the ratio of compound (I) to water is from 1:8 to 1: 12 (w/w), preferably 1: 10 (w/w), wherein the mixture is seeded by addition of monohydrate (II) seed crystals after addition of 5- 20% (w/w), preferably 10% (w/w), of the complete amount of the methanol solution of compound of formula (I) to water, and wherein the mixture is stirred for an induction period (t,) of 10-60 min after addition of the seed crystals, b) cooling down the the mixture obtained from step a) to a temperature of from 0 °C to +10 °C, preferably to a temperature of +5 °C.

Another advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides a method of preparing crystalline 3-[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-((2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4, 5-dihydro- lH-1, 2,· 4-triazol- 1 -yl]methyl] - 1 -[3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5 -carboxamide monohydrate (II) comprising the successive steps a)-c) of a) adding a solution of the compound of formula (I) in methanol to water at a temperature in the range of +10°C to +30 °C, preferably +20 °C, and within an addition time (t_a) of 60-1200 min, preferably 120- 450 min, wherein the ratio of compound (I) to methanol is from 1 :3 to 1:4 (w/w) and the ratio of compound (I) to water is 1: 10 (w/w), wherein the mixture is seeded by addition of monohydrate (II) seed crystals after addition of 5- 20% (w/w), preferably 10% (w/w), of the complete amount of the methanol solution of compound of formula (I) to water, and wherein the mixture is stirred for an induction period (t,) of 10-60 min after addition of the seed crystals, b) cooling down the the mixture obtained from step a) to a temperature of from 0 °C to +10 °C, preferably to a temperature of +5 °C, c) optionally stirring the mixture obtained from step b) for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 0.1-720 min, d) isolating and optionally washing and/or drying the product obtained from steps b) and/or c), e) optionally micronizing the product obtained product from step d).

Method for treatment:

The crystalline forms of the compound of formula (I), and in particular the monohydrate (II), according to the invention may have useful pharmacological properties and may be employed for the prevention and treatment of disorders in humans and animals. The forms of the compound of formula (I) according to the invention may open up a further treatment alternative and may therefore be an enrichment of pharmacy.

The compounds according to the invention have valuable pharmacological properties and can be used for prevention and/or treatment of various disorders and disease-related conditions in humans and animals. Possible target indications are listed by way of example and with preference in WO 2017/191102-A1 , pages 24 to 27.

The crystalline forms of the compound of formula (I), and in particular crystalline monohydrate (II), according to the invention can be used for the treatment and/or prevention of renal diseases, in particular of acute and chronic kidney diseases, diabetic kidney diseases, and of acute and chronic renal failure. The general terms 'renal disease' or 'kidney disease' describe a class of conditions in which the kidneys fail to fdter and remove waste products from the blood. There are two major forms of kidney disease: acute kidney disease (acute kidney injury, AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The compounds according to the invention may further be used for the treatment and/or prevention of sequelae of acute kidney injury arising from multiple insults such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, radiocontrast administration, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, shock and sepsis. In the sense of the present invention, the term renal failure or renal insufficiency comprises both acute and chronic manifestations of renal insufficiency, as well as underlying or related kidney diseases such as renal hypoperfusion, intradialytic hypotension, obstructive uropathy, glomerulopathies, IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, acute glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial diseases, nephropathic diseases such as primary and congenital kidney disease, nephritis, Alport syndrome, kidney inflammation, immunological kidney diseases such as kidney transplant rejection, immune complex-induced kidney diseases, nephropathy induced by toxic substances, contrast medium-induced nephropathy; minimal change glomerulonephritis (lipoid); Membranous glomerulonephritis; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS); hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), amyloidosis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Purpura Schonlein-Henoch, diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy, pyelonephritis, renal cysts, nephrosclerosis, hypertensive nephrosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome, which can be characterized diagnostically, for example, by abnormally reduced creatinine and/or water excretion, abnormally increased blood concentrations of urea, nitrogen, potassium and/or creatinine, altered activity of renal enzymes such as, for example, glutamyl synthetase, altered urine osmolarity or urine volume, increased microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, lesions of glomeruli and arterioles, tubular dilatation, hyperphosphataemia and/or the need for dialysis. The present invention also comprises the use of the compounds according to the invention for the treatment and/or prevention of sequelae of renal insufficiency, for example pulmonary edema, heart failure, uraemia, anaemia, electrolyte disturbances (e.g. hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia) and disturbances in bone and carbohydrate metabolism. The compounds according to the invention are also suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of polycystic kidney disease (PCKD) and of the syndrome of inadequate ADH secretion (SIADH).

Cardiovascular diseases in this context that may be treated and/or prevented with the compounds of the invention include, but are not limited to, the following: acute and chronic heart failure including worsening chronic heart failure (or hospitalization for heart failure) and including congestive heart failure, arterial hypertension, resistant hypertension, arterial pulmonary hypertension, coronary heart disease, stable and unstable angina pectoris, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, disturbances of atrial and ventricular rhythm and conduction disturbances, for example atrioventricular blocks of degree I-III (AVB I-III), supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, torsade-de-pointes tachycardia, atrial and ventricular extrasystoles, AV-junction extrasystoles, sick-sinus syndrome, syncopes, AV-node re-entry tachycardia and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), autoimmune heart diseases (pericarditis, endocarditis, valvulitis, aortitis, cardiomyopathies), shock such as cardiogenic shock, septic shock and anaphylactic shock, aneurysms, Boxer cardiomyopathy (premature ventricular contraction), furthermore thromboembolic diseases and ischaemias such as peripheral perfusion disturbances, reperfusion injury, arterial and venous thromboses, myocardial insufficiency, endothelial dysfunction, micro- and macrovascular damage (vasculitis) and for preventing restenoses such as after thrombolysis therapies, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), heart transplantation and bypass operations, arteriosclerosis, disturbances of lipid metabolism, hypolipoproteinaemias, dyslipidemias, hypertriglyceridemias, hyperlipidemias and combined hyperlipidemias, hypercholesterolaemias, abetalipoproteinaemia, sitosterolemia, xantho matosis, Tangier disease, adipositas, obesity, metabolic syndrome, transitory and ischemic attacks, stroke, inflammatory cardiovascular diseases, peripheral and cardiac vascular diseases, peripheral circulation disorders, spasms of the coronary arteries and peripheral arteries, and edema such as, for example, pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, renal edema and heart failure-related edema.

In the sense of the present invention, the term heart failure also includes more specific or related disease forms such as right heart failure, left heart failure, global insufficiency, ischemic cardiomyopathy, dilatative cardiomyopathy, congenital heart defects, heart valve defects, heart failure with heart valve defects, mitral valve stenosis, mitral valve insufficiency, aortic valve stenosis, aortic valve insufficiency, tricuspidal stenosis, tricuspidal insufficiency, pulmonary valve stenosis, pulmonary valve insufficiency, combined heart valve defects, heart muscle inflammation (myocarditis), chronic myocarditis, acute myocarditis, viral myocarditis, diabetic heart failure, alcohol-toxic cardiomyopathy, cardiac storage diseases, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF or diastolic heart failure), and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF or systolic heart failure). The compounds of the present invention may be particularly useful for the treatment and/or prevention of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and its various subtypes. This term embraces certain disorders of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dys function of the other.

Moreover, the compounds according to the invention may be used for the treatment and/or prevention of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) including claudication and including critical limb ischemia, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) including CMD type 1-4, primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, microcirculation disturbances, peripheral and autonomic neuropathies, diabetic microangiopathies, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic limb ulcers, gangrene, CREST syndrome, erythematous disorders, rheumatic diseases and for promoting wound healing.

Furthermore, the compounds of the invention are suitable for treating urological diseases and diseases of the male and female urogenital system such as, for example, benign prostatic syndrome (BPS), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), lower urinary tract syndromes (LUTS), neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB), interstitial cystitis (IC), urinary incontinence (UI) such as for example mixed, urge, stress and overflow incontinence (MUI, UUI, SUI, OUI), pelvic pains, erectile dysfunction, dysmenorrhea and endometriosis.

The compounds according to the invention may also be used for the treatment and/or prevention of inflammatory diseases, asthmatic diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI), alpha- 1 -antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary emphysema (e.g. smoking-induced pulmonary emphysema) and cystic fibrosis (CF). In addition, the compounds of the invention may be used for the treatment and/or prevention of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and other forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH) including pulmonary hypertension associated with left ventricular disease, HIV infection, sickle cell anaemia, thromboembolism (CTEPH), sarcoidosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis.

Additionally, the compounds according to the invention may be used for the treatment and/or prevention of liver cirrhosis, ascites, diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications such as, for example, neuropathy and nephropathy.

Further, the compounds of the invention are suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of central nervous disorders such as anxiety states, depression, glaucoma, cancer such as in particular pulmonary tumors, and circadian rhythm misalignment such as jet lag and shift work.

Furthermore, the compounds according to the invention may be useful for the treatment and/or preven tion of pain conditions, diseases of the adrenals such as, for example, pheochromocytoma and adrenal apoplexy, diseases of the intestine such as, for example, Crohn's disease and diarrhea, menstrual disorders such as, for example, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, preterm labor and tocolysis.

Due to their activity and selectivity profile, the compounds of the present invention are believed to be particularly suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of acute and chronic kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy, acute and chronic heart failure, preeclampsia, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), Raynaud’s syndrome and dysmenorrhea.

The diseases mentioned above have been well characterized in humans, but also exist with a comparable etiology in other mammals, and may be treated in those with the compounds and methods of the present invention.

Thus, the present invention further relates to the use of the compounds according to the invention for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, especially of the aforementioned diseases.

The present invention further relates to the use of the compounds according to the invention for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, especially of the aforementioned diseases.

The present invention further relates to the use of the compounds according to the invention in a method for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, especially of the aforementioned diseases.

The present invention further relates to a method for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, especially of the aforementioned diseases, by using an effective amount of at least one of the compounds according to the invention.

In some embodiments, the present invention further relates to a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular the aforementioned diseases, using an effective amount of at least one of the forms of the compound of formula (I) according to the invention.

In some embodiments, the present invention further relates to a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of or prevention of cardiovascular disorders and/or renal disorders, in particular acute and chronic kidney diseases using an effective amount of at least one of the forms of the compound of formula (I) according to the invention.

The forms of the compound of formula (I) according to the invention can be used alone or in combination with other active substances if necessary. The present invention further relates to medicinal products containing at least one of the forms of the compound of formula (I) according to the invention and one or more further active substances, in particular for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the aforementioned diseases.

Suitable combination active ingredients and dosage forms are listed by way of example and with preference in WO 2017/191102-A1, pages 28 to 39. In particular, the compounds of the present invention may be used in fixed or separate combination. As suitable other active substances the following can be mentioned:

• antithrombotic agents, for example and preferably from the group of platelet aggregation inhibitors, anticoagulants and profibrinolytic substances;

• blood pressure lowering agents, for example and preferably from the group of calcium antagonists, angiotensin All antagonists, ACE inhibitors, NEP inhibitors, vasopeptidase inhibitors, endothelin antagonists, renin inhibitors, alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and diuretics;

• antidiabetic agents (hypoglycemic or antihyperglycemic agents), such as for example and preferably insulin and derivatives, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, acarbose, DPP4 inhibitors, GLP-1 analogues, or SGLT inhibitors (gliflozins);

• organic nitrates and NO-donors, for example sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, isosorbide mono nitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, molsidomine or SIN-1, and inhalational NO;

• compounds that inhibit the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), for example inhibitors of phosphodiesterases (PDE) 1, 2, 5 and/or 9, in particular PDE-5 inhibitors such as sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, udenafil, dasantafil, avanafil, mirodenafil, lodenafil, CTP-499 or PF- 00489791;

• positive-inotropic agents, such as for example cardiac glycosides (digoxin) and beta-adrenergic and dopaminergic agonists such as isoproterenol, adrenalin, noradrenalin, dopamine or dobutamine;

• natriuretic peptides, such as for example atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP, anaritide), B-type natriuretic peptide or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP, nesiritide), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) or urodilatin;

• calcium sensitizers, such as for example and preferably levosimendan;

• NO- and heme-independent activators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), for example and with preference the compounds described in WO 01/19355, WO 01/19776, WO 01/19778, WO 01/19780, WO 02/070462 and WO 02/070510;

• NO-independent, but heme-dependent stimulators of guanylate cyclase (sGC), for example and with preference the compounds described in WO 00/06568, WO 00/06569, WO 02/42301, WO 03/095451, WO 2011/147809, WO 2012/004258, WO 2012/028647 and WO 2012/059549;

• agents, that stimulates the synthesis of cGMP, for example and with preference sGC modulators, for example and with preference riociguat, cinaciguat, vericiguat or BAY 1101042;

• inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase (HNE), such as for example sivelestat or DX-890 (reltran); • compounds inhibiting the signal transduction cascade, in particular tyrosine and/or serine/threonine kinase inhibitors, such as for example nintedanib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, regorafenib, sora- fenib, sunitinib, cediranib, axitinib, telatinib, imatinib, brivanib, pazopanib, vatalanib, gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, canertinib, lestaurtinib, pelitinib, semaxanib or tandutinib;

• compounds influencing the energy metabolism of the heart, such as for example and preferably etomoxir, dichloroacetate, ranolazine or trimetazidine, or full or partial adenosine A1 receptor agonists as GS-9667 (previously known as CVT-3619), capadenoson and neladenoson bialanate (BAY 1067197);

• compounds influencing the heart rate, such as for example and preferably ivabradine;

• cardiac myosin activators, such as for example and preferably omecamtiv mecarbil (CK- 1827452);

• anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), ibuprofen and naproxen, glucocorticoids such as for example and preferably prednison, prednisolon, methylprednisolon, triamcinolon, dexamethason, beclomethason, betamethason, flunisolid, budesonid or fluticason, or 5 -aminosalicylic acid derivatives, leukotriene antagonists, TNF -alpha inhibitors and chemokine receptor antagonists such as CCR1, 2 and/or 5 inhibitors;

• fat metabolism altering agents, for example and preferably from the group of thyroid receptor agonists, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, such as for example and preferably HMG-CoA-reductase or squalene synthesis inhibitors, ACAT inhibitors, CETP inhibitors, MTP inhibitors, PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma and/or PPAR-delta agonists, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, lipase inhibitors, polymeric bile acid adsorbers, bile acid reabsorption inhibitors and bpoprotein(a) antagonists.

Antithrombotic agents are preferably to be understood as compounds from the group of platelet aggregation inhibitors, anticoagulants and profibrinolytic substances.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a platelet aggregation inhibitor, for example and preferably aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine or dipyridamole.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a thrombin inhibitor, for example and preferably ximelagatran, dabigatran, melagatran, bivalirudin or enoxaparin.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, for example and preferably tirofiban or abciximab.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a factor Xa inhibitor, for example and preferably rivaroxaban, apixaban, otamixaban, fidexaban, razaxaban, fondaparinux, idraparinux, DU-176b, PMD-3112, YM-150, KFA- 1982, EMD-503982, MCM-17, MLN-1021, DX 9065a, DPC 906, JTV 803, SSR-126512 or SSR- 128428.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with heparin or a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin derivative.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a vitamin K antagonist, for example and preferably coumarin.

Blood pressure lowering agents are preferably to be understood as compounds from the group of calcium antagonists, angiotensin All antagonists, ACE inhibitors, NEP inhibitors, vasopeptidase inhibitors, endothelin antagonists, renin inhibitors, alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor ant agonists and diuretics.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a calcium antagonist, for example and preferably nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil or diltiazem.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an alpha- 1 -receptor blocker, for example and preferably prazosin or tamsulosin.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a beta-blocker, for example and preferably propranolol, atenolol, timolol, pindolol, alprenolol, oxprenolol, penbutolol, bupranolol, metipranolol, nadolol, mepindolol, carazolol, sotalol, metoprolol, betaxolol, celiprolol, bisoprolol, carteolol, esmolol, labetalol, carvedilol, adaprolol, landiolol, nebivolol, epanolol or bucindolol.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an angiotensin All receptor antagonist, for example and preferably losartan, candesartan, valsartan, telmisartan, irbesartan, olmesartan, eprosartan, embursartan or azilsartan.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a vasopeptidase inhibitor or inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP), such as for example and preferably sacubitril, omapatrilat or AVE-7688.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a dual angiotensin All receptor antagonist/NEP inhibitor (ARNI), for example and preferably LCZ696.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an ACE inhibitor, for example and preferably enalapril, captopril, lisinopril, ramipril, delapril, fosinopril, quinopril, perindopril, benazepril or trandopril. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an endothelin antagonist, for example and preferably bosentan, darusentan, ambrisentan, tezosentan, sitaxsentan, avosentan, macitentan or atrasentan.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a renin inhibitor, for example and preferably aliskiren, SPP-600 or SPP-800.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, for example and preferably fmerenone, spironolactone, canrenone, potassium canrenoate, eplerenone, esaxerenone (CS-3150), or apararenone (MT-3995), CS-3150, or MT-3995.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a diuretic, such as for example and preferably furosemide, bumetanide, piretanide, torsemide, bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, xipamide, indapamide, hydroflumethiazide, methyclothiazide, polythiazide, trichloromethiazide, chlorothalidone, metolazone, quinethazone, acetazolamide, dichlorophenamide, methazolamide, glycerine, isosorbide, mannitol, amiloride or triamterene.

Fat metabolism altering agents are preferably to be understood as compounds from the group of CETP inhibitors, thyroid receptor agonists, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors such as HMG-CoA-reductase or squalene synthesis inhibitors, ACAT inhibitors, MTP inhibitors, PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma and/or PPAR-delta agonists, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, polymeric bile acid adsorbers, bile acid reabsorption inhibitors, lipase inhibitors and lipoprotein(a) antagonists.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a CETP inhibitor, for example and preferably dalcetrapib, anacetrapib, BAY 60- 5521 or CETP-vaccine (Avant).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a thyroid receptor agonist, for example and preferably D-thyroxin, 3,5,3'- triiodothyronin (T3), CGS 23425 or axitirome (CGS 26214).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor from the class of statins, for example and preferably lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin or pitavastatin.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a squalene synthesis inhibitor, for example and preferably BMS-188494 or TAK- 475. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an ACAT inhibitor, for example and preferably avasimibe, melinamide, pactimibe, eflucimibe or SMP-797.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an MTP inhibitor, for example and preferably implitapide, R- 103757, BMS-201038 or JTT-130.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a PPAR-gamma agonist, for example and preferably pioglitazone or rosiglitazone.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a PPAR-delta agonist, for example and preferably GW 501516 or BAY 68-5042.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, for example and preferably ezetimibe, tiqueside or pamaqueside.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a lipase inhibitor, for example and preferably orlistat.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a polymeric bile acid adsorber, for example and preferably cholestyramine, colestipol, colesolvam, CholestaGel or colestimide.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a bile acid reabsorption inhibitor, for example and preferably ASBT (= IBAT) inhibitors such as AZD-7806, S-8921, AK-105, BARI-1741, SC-435 or SC-635.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a lipoprotein(a) antagonist, for example and preferably gemcabene calcium (CI- 1027) or nicotinic acid.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a TGFbeta antagonist, by way of example and with preference pirfenidone or fresolimumab.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with HIF-PH inhibitors, by way of example and with preference molidustat or roxadustat.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a CCR2 antagonist, by way of example and with preference CCX-140. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a TNFalpha antagonist, by way of example and with preference adalimumab.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a galectin-3 inhibitor, by way of example and with preference GCS-100.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a BMP-7 agonist, by way of example and with preference THR-184.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a p53 modulator, by way of example and with preference QPI-1002.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a NOX1/4 inhibitor, by way of example and with preference GKT-137831.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a medicament which affects the vitamin D metabolism, by way of example and with preference cholecalciferol or paracalcitol.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a cytostatic agent, by way of example and with preference cyclophosphamide.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an immunosuppressive agent, by way of example and with preference ciclosporin.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a phosphate binder, by way of example and with preference sevelamer or lanthanum carbonate.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a calcimimetic for therapy of hyperparathyroidism.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with agents for iron deficit therapy, by way of example and with preference iron products.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with agents for the therapy of hyperurikaemia, by way of example and with preference allopurinol or rasburicase.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with glycoprotein hormone for the therapy of anaemia, by way of example and with preference erythropoietin. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with biologies for immune therapy, by way of example and with preference abatacept, rituximab, eculizumab or belimumab.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with Jak inhibitors, by way of example and with preference ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib, CYT387, GSK2586184, lestaurtinib, pacritinib (SB1518) or TG101348.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with prostacyclin analogs for therapy of microthrombi.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an alkali therapy, by way of example and with preference sodium bicarbonate.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an mTOR inhibitor, by way of example and with preference everolimus or rapamycin.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an NHE3 inhibitor, by way of example and with preference AZD1722.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with an eNOS modulator, by way of example and with preference sapropterin.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with a CTGF inhibitor, by way of example and with preference FG-3019.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds according to the invention are administered in combination with antidiabetics (hypoglycemic or antihyperglycemic agents), such as for example and preferably insulin and derivatives, sulfonylureas such as tolbutamide, carbutamide, acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, glipizide, gliclazide, glibenclamide, glyburide, glibomuride, gliquidone, glisoxepide, glyclopyramide, glimepiride, JB253 and JB558, meglitinides such as repaglinide and nateglinide, biguanides such as metformin and buformin, thiazolidinediones such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as miglitol, acarbose and voglibose, DPP4 inhibitors such as vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, septagliptin and teneligliptin, GFP-1 analogues such as exenatide (also exendin-4, liraglutide, lixisenatide and taspoglutide, or SGFT inhibitors (gliflozins) such as canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are administered in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of diuretics, angiotensin All antagonists, ACE inhibitors, beta-receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, antidiabetics, organic nitrates and NO donors, activators and stimulators of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and positive-inotropic agents.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are administered in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of diuretics, angiotensin All antagonists, ACE inhibitors, beta-receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, antidiabetics, organic nitrates and NO donors, activators and stimulators of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), positive-inotropic agents, antiinflammatory agents, immunosuppressive agents, phosphate binders and/or compounds which modulate vitamin D metabolism.

Thus, in a further embodiment, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one of the compounds according to the invention and one or more additional therapeutic agents for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, especially of the aforementioned diseases.

Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention may be utilized, as such or in compositions, in research and diagnostics, or as analytical reference standards and the like, which are well known in the art.

Pharmaceutical compositions:

It is possible for the crystalline form of the compound of formula (I) according to the present invention to have systemic and/or local activity. For this purpose, it can be administered in a suitable manner, such as, for example, via the oral, parenteral, pulmonary, nasal, sublingual, lingual, buccal, rectal, vaginal, dermal, transdermal, conjunctival, otic route or as an implant or stent.

For these administration routes, it is possible for the crystalline form of the compound of formula (I) according to the present invention to be administered in suitable administration forms.

For oral administration, it is possible to formulate the crystalline form of the compound of formula (I) according to the present invention to dosage forms known in the art that deliver the compounds of the invention rapidly and/or in a modified manner, such as, for example, tablets (uncoated or coated tablets, for example with enteric or controlled release coatings that dissolve with a delay or are insoluble), orally- disintegrating tablets, films/wafers, films/lyophylisates, capsules (for example hard or soft gelatine capsules), sugar-coated tablets, granules, pellets, powders, emulsions, suspensions, aerosols or solutions. It is possible to incorporate the compound according to the invention in crystalline and/or amorphised and/or dissolved form into said dosage forms.

Parenteral administration can be effected with avoidance of an absorption step (for example intravenous, intraarterial, intracardial, intraspinal or intralumbal) or with inclusion of absorption (for example intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracutaneous, percutaneous or intraperitoneal). Administration forms which are suitable for parenteral administration are, inter alia, preparations for injection and infusion in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, lyophylisates or sterile powders.

Examples which are suitable for other administration routes are pharmaceutical forms for inhalation [inter alia powder inhalers, nebulizers], nasal drops, nasal solutions, nasal sprays; tablets/films/wafers/capsules for lingual, sublingual or buccal administration; suppositories; eye drops, eye ointments, eye baths, ocular inserts, ear drops, ear sprays, ear powders, ear-rinses, ear tampons; vaginal capsules, aqueous suspensions (lotions, mixturae agitandae), lipophilic suspensions, emulsions, ointments, creams, transdermal therapeutic systems (such as, for example, patches), milk, pastes, foams, dusting powders, implants or stents.

The crystalline form of the compound of formula (I) can be incorporated into the stated administration forms. This can be effected in a manner known per se by mixing with pharmaceutically suitable excipients. Pharmaceutically suitable excipients include, inter alia, fillers and carriers (for example cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose (such as, for example, Avicel®), lactose, mannitol, starch, calcium phosphate (such as, for example, Di-Cafos®)), ointment bases (for example petroleum jelly, paraffins, triglycerides, waxes, wool wax, wool wax alcohols, lanolin, hydrophilic ointment, polyethylene glycols), bases for suppositories (for example polyethylene glycols, cacao butter, hard fat), solvents (for example water, ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, medium chain-length triglycerides fatty oils, liquid polyethylene glycols, paraffins), surfactants, emulsifiers, dispersants or wetters (for example sodium dodecyl sulfate), lecithin, phospholipids, fatty alcohols (such as, for example, Lanette®), sorbitan fatty acid esters (such as, for example, Span®), polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (such as, for example, Tween®), polyoxyethylene fatty acid glycerides (such as, for example, Cremophor®), polyoxethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, glycerol fatty acid esters, poloxamers (such as, for example, Pluronic®), buffers, acids and bases (for example phosphates, carbonates, citric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide solution, ammonium carbonate, trometamol, triethanolamine), isotonicity agents (for example glucose, sodium chloride), adsorbents (for example highly-disperse silicas), viscosity-increasing agents, gel formers, thickeners and/or binders (for example polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose-sodium, starch, carbomers, polyacrylic acids (such as, for example, Carbopol®); alginates, gelatine), disintegrants (for example modified starch, carboxymethylcellulose-sodium, sodium starch glycolate (such as, for example, Explotab®), cross- linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, croscarmellose-sodium (such as, for example, AcDiSol®)),flow regulators, lubricants, glidants and mould release agents (for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, highly-disperse silicas (such as, for example, Aerosil®)), coating materials (for example sugar, shellac) and film formers for films or diffusion membranes which dissolve rapidly or in a modified manner (for example polyvinylpyrrolidones (such as, for example, Kollidon®), polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates such as, for example, Eudragit®)), capsule materials (for example gelatine, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose), synthetic polymers (for example polylactides, polyglycolides, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates (such as, for example, Eudragit®), polyvinylpyrrolidones (such as, for example, Kollidon®), polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols and their copolymers and blockcopolymers), plasticizers (for example polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, glycerol, triacetine, triacetyl citrate, dibutyl phthalate), penetration enhancers, stabilisers (for example antioxidants such as, for example, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, sodium ascorbate, butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluene, propyl gallate), preservatives (for example parabens, sorbic acid, thiomersal, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine acetate, sodium benzoate), colourants (for example inorganic pigments such as, for example, iron oxides, titanium dioxide), flavourings, sweeteners, flavour- and/or odour-masking agents.

A further embodiment of the present invention comprises solid dosage forms containing crystalline monohydrate (II).

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the production of the solid dosage forms is carried out by using wet granulation (fluidized bed granulation). The tabletting is preferably carried out with an initially produced granulate. This may be followed by a coating of the solid dosage forms.

In wet granulation the active compound product may be initially charged in the premix (initial charge) as a solid or it is suspended in the granulating liquid. The employed granulating liquid contains a solvent and a hydrophilic binder. The hydrophilic binder is dispersed in the granulating fluid or preferably dissolved therein. Employable solvents for the granulating liquid include organic solvents, for example ethanol or acetone or water or mixtures thereof. It is preferable when water is used as solvent. Hydrophilic binders employed are pharmaceutically acceptable hydrophilic additives, preferably those which dissolve in the solvent of the granulating fluid. Preferably employed here are hydrophilic polymers such as for example hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC), hydroxypropylcellulose LF, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, vinylpyrrolidone -vinyl acetate copolymers (for example Kollidon® VA64, BASF), gelatin, guar gum, partially hydrolyzed starch, alginates or xanthan. It is particularly preferable to use hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as a hydrophilic binder. The hydrophilic binder is present at a concentration of 1% to 12% (based on the total mass of the pharmaceutical dosage form), preferably 1% to 6%.

The premix (initial charge) of the wet granulation contains further pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as for example fdlers, dry binders and disintegration promoters (disintegrants). Fillers and dry binders are for example cellulose powder, microcrystalline cellulose, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, mannitol, maltitol, sorbitol and xylitol, preferably microcrystalline cellulose or mannitol or a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol/lactose monohydrate. Disintegration promoters (disintegrants) are for example carboxymethylcellulose, croscarmellose (crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose), crospovidone (crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone), low- substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (F-HPC), sodium carboxymethyl starch, potato sodium starch glycolate, partially hydolyzed starch, wheat starch, maize starch, rice starch and potato starch.

The obtained granulate can subsequently be converted into (other) solid dosage forms such as tablets. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients added are, for example, lubricants, glidants, flow regulators and disintegration promoters (disintegrants). Fubricants, glidants, flow regulators are for example fumaric acid, stearic acid, sodium stearyl fumarate, magnesium stearate, higher molecular weight fatty alcohols, starches (wheat, rice, maize or potato starch), talc, high-dispersity (colloidal) silicon dioxide and glycerol distearate. Disintegration promoters (disintegrants) are for example carboxymethylcellulose, croscarmellose (crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose), crospovidone (crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone), low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (F-HPC), sodium carboxymethyl starch, partially hydrolyzed starch, wheat starch, maize starch, rice starch and potato starch.

Tablets or other solid dosage forms are optionally coated in the final step to result in film-coated tablets under customary conditions familiar to those skilled in the art in a further step. The coating is effected by addition of coating and film-forming agents such as hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (for example hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 5cP or 15 cP), polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers (for example Kollidon® VA64, BASF), shellac, glyceryl triacetate, triethyl citrate, talc as an antiadhesive agent and/or colourants/pigments such as titanium dioxide, iron oxides, indigotin or suitable coloured coatings.

One embodiment of the present invention provides solid dosage forms comprising crystalline monohydrate (II) according to the present invention and further comprising microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, sodium croscarmellose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) 5cP, sodium laurylsulfate, magnesium stearate, talc, iron oxides and titanium dioxide.

A further embodiment of the present invention provides solid dosage forms comprising crystalline monohydrate (II) according to the present invention, wherein the solid dosage forms contain 5 to 30 mg of the active compound product of the compound of formula (I) per solid dosage form. Further embodiments comprise solid dosage forms containing 5.0 mg or 30 mg of active compound product of the compound of formula (I) produced by a process according to the invention per solid dosage form.

The present invention furthermore relates to a pharmaceutical composition which comprise at least the crystalline form of the compound of formula (I) according to the present invention, conventionally together with one or more pharmaceutically suitable excipient(s), and to their use according to the present invention.

Dosage of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention:

Based upon laboratory techniques known to evaluate compounds useful for the treatment of disorders, by pharmacological assays for the determination of treatment of the conditions identified above in mammals, and by comparison of these results with the results of known medicaments that are used to treat these conditions, the effective dosage of the compound of this invention can readily be determined for treatment of each desired indication. The amount of the active ingredient to be administered in the treatment of one of these conditions can vary widely according to such considerations as the particular compound and dosage unit employed, the mode of administration, the period of treatment, the age and sex of the patient treated, and the nature and extent of the condition treated.

The total amount of the active ingredient to be administered will generally range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg body weight per day, and preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg body weight per day. Clinically useful dosing schedules will range from one to three times a day dosing to once every four weeks dosing. In addition, it is possible for "drug holidays", in which a patient is not dosed with a drug for a certain period of time, to be beneficial to the overall balance between pharmacological effect and tolerability. It is possible for a unit dosage to contain from about 0.5 mg to about 1500 mg of active ingredient, and can be administered one or more times per day or less than once a day. The average daily dosage for administration by injection, including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and parenteral injections, and use of infusion techniques will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight. Illustratively, the compound of the present invention may be administered parenterally at a dose of about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, preferably of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg of body weight. In oral administration, an exemplary dose range is about 0.01 to 100 mg/kg, preferably about 0.01 to 20 mg/kg, and more preferably about 0.1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight. Ranges intermediate to the above-recited values are also intended to be part of the invention.

Of course the specific initial and continuing dosage regimen for each patient will vary according to the nature and severity of the condition as determined by the attending diagnostician, the activity of the specific compound employed, the age and general condition of the patient, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion of the drug, drug combinations, and the like. The desired mode of treatment and number of doses of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester or composition thereof can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional treatment tests.

The weight data in the tests and examples which follow are, unless stated otherwise, percentages by weight; parts are parts by weight. Solvent ratios, dilution ratios and concentration data of liquid/liquid solutions are based on each case on the volume.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

Table 1: Abbreviations

The following table lists the abbreviations used herein.

Abbreviation Meaning br broad ('H-NMR signal)

Cl chemical ionisation d doublet ('H-NMR signal) dd doublet of a doublet ('H-NMR signal)

DMSO dimethylsulfoxide

DSC differential scanning calorimetry

ESI electrospray (ES) ionization h hour(s)

HPLC high performance liquid chromatography

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 5 cP. A 2% aqueous solution of HPMC 5cP

HPMC 5cP has a viscosity of 5 mPas at 20°C

IR infrared

LC-MS liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

LSM “Luftstrahlmiihle”, i.e. air jet mill m multiplet ('H-NMR signal) micron. micronized min minute(s)

MS mass spectrometry nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: chemical shifts (d)

NMR are given in ppm. The chemical shifts were corrected by setting the DMSO signal to 2.50 ppm unless otherwise stated

PSD particle size distribution

PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene

RH relative humidity retention time (as measured either with HPLC or UPLC) in

Rt minutes s singulet ('H-NMR signal) Abbreviation Meaning

SDS Sodium dodecyl sulfate

Span (of PSD) Measure for the width of particle size distribution

SQD Single -Quadrupole -Detector t triplet ('H-NMR signal)

TGA thermogravimetric analysis

THF tetrahydrofuran

UPLC ultra performance liquid chromatography

US ultrasound

USP United States Pharmacopeia w/w weight to weight ratio diameter below which 10%, 50% and 90% respectively of the

XlO, X50, X90 particles in an analyzed sample he

XRPD X-ray powder diffraction

Micronization equipment

Micronization was conducted in an air jet mill - the so-called LSM 50 (designed by Bayer). This mill has a milling chamber diameter of 50 mm and it was fully lined with PTFE. More details on the mill design can be found in Example 4.1.

Methods:

DSC/TG

DSC thermograms were recorded using Differential Scanning Calorimeters (model DSC7, Pyris-1 or Diamond) from Perkin-Elmer. The measurements were performed with a heating rate of 20 Kmin ¹ using non-gastight aluminium pans. Flow gas was nitrogen. There was no sample preparation.

TGA thermograms were recorded using thermobalances (model TGA7 and Pyris 1) from Perkin-Elmer. The measurements were performed with a heating rate of 10 Kmin ¹ using open platinum pans. Flow gas was nitrogen. There was no sample preparation.

XRPD

X-Ray diffraction patterns were recorded at room temperature using XRD -diffractometers X' Pert PRO (PANalytical) and STOE STADI-P (radiation Cu K alpha 1, wavelength 1.5406 A). There was no sample preparation. All X-Ray reflections are quoted as °2Q (theta) values (peak maxima) with a resolution of ± 0.2°. Raman

Raman spectra were recorded at room temperature using FT-Raman-spectrophotometers (model RFS 100 and MultiRam) from Bruker. Resolution was 2 cm ¹. Measurements were performed in glass vials or aluminium discs. There was no sample preparation.

IR

IR-ATR-spectra were recorded at room temperature using an FT-IR-spectrophotometer LUMOS with diamond ATR device from Bruker. Resolution was 4 cm ¹. There was no sample preparation.

Laser Diffraction

Particle size distributions (PSD) were obtained from Laser light diffraction measurements of particle size. X followed by a number is the notation used for the particle diameter corresponding to a certain percentage of the cumulative undersize distribution (on a volume basis). Thus, for example, [y pm] X90 is the particle diameter y below which 90% of the particle population lies.

The device used was a laser diffraction pattern analyzer (Sympatec HELOS), with 100 mm focal length. The particles of the samples were dispersed by means of a dry dispersion unit (RODOS) operated at 4 bar. Besides that, a wet dispersion unit (SUCCEL) allowing for application of ultrasound for up to 240 s was utilized as well. Here, the product sample was dispersed in silicone oil (Korasilon M10). Regardless of the dispersion method, PSD calculation was conducted by utilizing a mathematical model which was coded by Sympatec and is based on Fraunhofer Diffraction. Span was defined according to the following equation (EQ. 1):

Span (EQ. 1)

Example 1: Manufacture of polymorphic forms of [chemical namel/compound of formula (I)

(Reference) Example 1-R

3-({3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-[(2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl]-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol- l-yl}methyl)-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide (I)

The title compound can be prepared in analogy to the procedure described in WO 2017/191102-A1:

1.80 g Methyl 3-({3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-[(2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl]-4,5-dihydro-lH- l,2,4-triazol-l-yl}methyl)-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylate (as described in Example 7A ofWO 2017/191102 -Al, 3.04 mmol) was dissolved in 10.0 mL of an ammonia solution (7N in methanol, 70.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature.

The solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC (Method 5 of WO 2017/191102). Lyophilisation of the product containing fractions afforded 1.49 g (85% ofth.) of the title compound as a solid.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_t = 1.20 min; MS(ESIpos): m/z = 577 [M+H]⁺

‘HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): d =8.87 (d, 1H), 8.51 (d, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.90 (dd, 1H), 7.82-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.63 (d, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 5.22-5.07 (m, 2H), 4.39 - 4.20 (br m, 1H), 4.16-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.85 (dd, 1H).

Example 1.1

3-({3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-[(2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl]-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl}methyl)- 1 - [3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5 -carboxamide monohydrate (II)

Example 1-1: 9.7 g of compound of formula (I) was dissolved in 40.3 g of methanol at room temperature. Using a pump, 5 g of the resulting solution was dosed within 30 minutes to 100 g of deionized water, which was thermostated at 20 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 60 minutes at 20 °C. The remaining amount of solution (45 g) was thereafter dosed within 2 hours. The dosing setup was then flushed with 10 g of methanol (in order to transfer any remaining material), which was then added to the mixture. The resulting suspension was then cooled down to 5 °C within 60 minutes and thereafter stirred overnight at 5 °C. The resulting suspension was then filtered under vacuum, washed twice with 10 mL of water and then dried under vacuum at 40 °C.

Yield: 8.8 g (90.3% of theoretical yield)

XRPD: Monohydrate

Example 1-2:

Preparation of a post-reaction solution of compound (II

In analogy to the procedure described above in example 1-R, 15 g of methyl 3-({3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5- oxo-4-[(2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl]-4, 5-dihydro- lH-1, 2, 4-triazol-l-yl}methyl)-l-[3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylate was dissolved in 30 mL of methanol at 20 °C. 54.3 mL of an ammonia solution (7M in methanol) was dosed in 30 minutes and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The obtained solution was clarified through a G4 fritted glass filter and concentrated at 40 °C, 180 mbar to a final mass of 63.0 g. 30 mL methanol was added and the solution was concentrated again (to remove ammonia residues), to a final mass of 42.5 g. 32.5 g of methanol was then added to the mixture giving the post-reaction solution of compound (I) for the next step.

Preparation of the monohvdrate (II)

Using a pump, 1.5 g of the solution was dosed during 15 minutes to 150 g of deionized water, which was thermostated at 20 °C. The resulting mixture was seeded with 73.1 mg of crystalline material of monohydrate (II) and then stirred for 15 minutes at 20 °C. The remaining amount of solution (73.5 g) was thereafter dosed within 3 hours. The dosing setup was then flushed with 10 g of methanol (in order to transfer any remaining material), which was then added to the mixture.. The resulting suspension was then cooled down to 5 °C within 60 minutes and thereafter stirred for further 60 minutes at 5 °C. The resulting suspension was then filtered under vacuum, washed twice with 15 mL of water and dried under vacuum at 40 °C.

Yield: 12.0 g (82.1% of theoretical yield)

XRPD: Monohydrate

Example 1-3:

Preparation of a post-reaction solution of compound (II In analogy to the procedure described above in example 1-R, 10 g of methyl 3-({3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5- oxo-4-[(2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl]-4, 5-dihydro- lH-1, 2, 4-triazol-l-yl}methyl)-l-[3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylate was dissolved in 30 mL of methanol at 20 °C. 36.2 mL of an ammonia solution (7M in methanol) was dosed in 30 minutes and the resulting mixture was stirred for two days. The obtained solution was clarified through a G4 fritted glass filter and concentrated at 40 °C, 180 mbar to a final mass of 53.4 g. 30 mL methanol was then added and the solution was concentrated again (to remove ammonia residues), to a final mass of 26.4 g. 23.6 g of methanol was then added to the mixture giving the post-reaction solution of compound (I) for the next step.

Preparation of the monohvdrate

Using a pump, 5 g of the solution was dosed within 30 minutes to 100 g of deionized water, which was thermostated at 20 °C. The resulting mixture was seeded with 48.7 mg of crystalline material of monohydrate (II) and then stirred for 60 minutes at 20 °C. The remaining amount of solution (45 g) was thereafter dosed within 6 hours. The dosing setup was then flushed with 10 g of methanol (in order to transfer any remaining material), which was then added to the mixture. The resulting suspension was cooled down to 5 °C within 60 minutes and thereafter stirred overnight at 5 °C. The resulting suspension was filtered under vacuum, washed twice with 10 mL of water and dried under vacuum at 40 °C.

Yield: 8.72 g (89.5% of theoretical yield)

XRPD: Monohydrate

Example 1-4:

Preparation of a post-reaction solution of compound (I)

In analogy to the procedure described above in example 1-R, 10 g of methyl 3-({3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5- oxo-4-[(2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl]-4, 5-dihydro- lH-1, 2, 4-triazol-l-yl}methyl)-l-[3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylate was dissolved in 30 mL of methanol at 20 °C. 36,2 mL of an ammonia solution (7M in methanol) was dosed in 30 minutes and the resulting mixture was stirred for two days. The obtained solution was clarified through a G4 fritted glass filter and concentrated at 40 °C, 180 mbar to a final mass of 30.2 g. 30 mL methanol was added and the solution was concentrated again (to remove rest of ammonia), to a final mass of 25.5 g. 24.5 g of methanol was then added to the mixture giving the post-reaction solution of compound (I) for the next step.

Preparation of the monohvdrate

Using a pump, 5 g of the solution was dosed within 30 minutes to 100 g of deionized water, which was thermostated at 20 °C. The resulting mixture was seeded with 48.7 mg of crystalline material of monohydrate (II) and then stirred for 60 minutes at 20 °C. The remaining amount of solution (45 g) was thereafter dosed within 2 hours The dosing setup was then flushed with 10 g of methanol (in order to transfer any remaining material), which was then added to the mixture. The resulting suspension was cooled down to 5 °C within 60 minutes and thereafter stirred overnight at 5 °C. The resulting suspension was filtered under vacuum, washed twice with 10 mL of water and dried under vacuum at 40 °C.

Yield: 8.84 g (90.7% of theoretical yield)

XRPD: Monohydrate

Example 2: Processes for preparing different solid state form samples for characterization on laboratory scale:

Example 2.1 Preparation of monohydrate (II)

Preparation of a post-reaction solution of compound (I)

Analogically to the procedure described above in example 1-R, 20 g of methyl 3-({3-(4- chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-[(2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl]-4, 5-dihydro- lH-1, 2, 4-triazol-l-yl}- methyl)-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylate was dissolved in 60 g of methanol at 20 °C. 72.0 mL of an ammonia solution (7M in methanol) was dosed in 30 minutes and the resulting mixture was stirred at 20 °C overnight. The obtained solution was clarified through a G4 fritted glass filter. 60 g methanol was added and the solution was concentrated at 40 °C, 180 mbar to a final mass of 81.8 g. Fresh methanol was added to achieve a final solution mass of 100 g giving the post-reaction solution of compound (I) for the next step.

Preparation of the monohvdrate (II)

Using a pump, the solution was dosed within 60 minutes to 200 g of deionized water, which was thermostated at 20 °C. The dosing setup was then flushed with 20 g of methanol (in order to transfer any remaining material), which was then added to the mixture. The resulting suspension was cooled down to 5 °C within 60 minutes and thereafter stirred for 1 hour at 5 °C. The resulting suspension was filtered under vacuum, washed twice with 20 mL of water and dried under vacuum at 40 °C.

Yield: 17.68 g (90.7% of theoretical yield)

XRPD: Monohydrate

Water content (determined by TGA): 3.0 %

This batch was used for micronization in example 4.1-1. Example 2.2 Preparation of modification A of compound (I)

4.0 kg of methyl 3-({3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-[(2S)-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl]-4, 5-dihydro- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl }methyl)- 1 -[3 -(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5 -carboxylate was dissolved in 11.9 kg of methanol at room temperature. 11.3 kg of an ammonia solution (7M in methanol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 20 °C overnight. The obtained solution was clarified through a 2 pm PE-cartridge filter, which was afterwards flushed with 0.5 kg of fresh methanol. Ca. 10 L of the solution was distilled off at 45 °C in vacuum.

The remaining solution was heated to reflux temperature (65 °C), and 20.0 kg of water was added. The resulting mixture was cooled down to 56 °C, and seeded with solid material of compound (I) (Mod A). The resulting mixture was then cooled down to 20 °C during 9 hours and stirred overnight. The suspension was then cooled down to 0-5 °C during 1 hour and stirred at 5 °C for one hour. The suspension was then filtered, washed with 3.6 kg of methanol / water (1: 1 m/m) and dried under vacuum at 40 °C.

Yield: 3.316 kg (85.1% of theoretical yield)

XRPD: Modification A

This batch was used for for micronization in example 4.1-2.

Example 2.3 Preparation of the amorphous form of compound (I)

In analogy to the procedure described above in example 1-R, 5.2 g of methyl 3-({3-(4-chlorophenyl)- 5-oxo-4-[(2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl]-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl}methyl)-l-[3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylate was dissolved in 15 mL of methanol at room temperature. 25 mL of an ammonia solution (7M in methanol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hours. The obtained solution was evaporated almost to dryness at 40 °C under vacuum. To the resulting mixture, 20 mL of ethanol was added and additional 5-10 mL were evaporated. The resulting mixture was added through a syringe filter into an erlenmyer flask containing 180 mL of water at 2 °C (in an ice bath), under stirring, during 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at 2 - 5 °C for 30 minutes, filtered under vacuum, washed with 20 mL of water and dried under vacuum at 40 °C overnight.

Yield: 3.80 g (74.98% of theoretical yield)

XRPD: Amorphous

Example 3: Physical characterization of the polymorphic forms of the compound of formula ffi

Example 3.1 XRPD The crystalline forms are characterized by the reflections represented in the following table (the given data have been measured from the experiments described as examples 2.1 (monohydrate) and 2.2 (Mod A)).

Example 3.2 Raman Spectroscopy

The crystalline forms are characterized by Raman bands represented in the following table (the given data have been measured from the experiments described as examples 2.1 (monohydrate), 2.2 (Mod A), 2.3 (amorphous form)).

Example 3.3 IR

The crystalline forms are characterized by IR bands represented in the following table table (the given data have been measured from the experiments described as examples 2.1 (monohydrate), 2.2 (Mod A), 2.3 (amorphous form)).

Example 4: Manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition containing crystalline monohvdrate of the compound of formula 111

Example 4.1 Micronization

During development, both modification A and the monohydrate (II) were micronized in an air jet mill LSM 50. The mill used is characterized in the Table below.

In order to ensure a uniform product flow into the mill, both modification A and the monohydrate (II) were sifted manually (mesh size 1 mm) prior to micronization.

Example 4.1-1: Micronization of crystalline monohydrate (II)

The product obtained from example 2.1 (16.6 g) was micronized in an air jet mill to give 16.3 g micronized material (98.2% yield).

Both milling chamber and collecting vessel were free of any product deposits a) Grinding parameters:

b) The micronized product obtained has the following properties:

Determination of the particle size distribution (PSD):

Details on the instrumental set-up utilized for particle size analysis by Laser diffraction can be found in the Section Experimental Setup.

Method 1 (Determination of PSD by laser diffraction / dry dispersion method):

The dry micronized sample of monohydrate (II) was continuously metered into a Sympatec RHODOS dispersing unit, where the particles are individualized by pressurized air. As soon as the optical density of the dispersed particles lay within a threshold of 1 to 20%, measurement of the particle size distribution was started.

Obtained particle size distribution (Xio / X50 / X90): 1.1 / 4.6 / 10.6 pm.

Span: 2.08.

Thus one embodiment of the invention are micronized particles of monohydrate (II) within a range of 1.1 / 4.6 / 10.6 pm (X10/X50/X90) measured by laser diffraction (dry dispersion method).

Method 2 (Determination of PSD by laser diffraction / wet dispersion method):

Determination of particle size distribution was performed using a Sympatec HELOS instrument fitted with a SUCELL wet dispersion unit. To produce the dispersion medium 10-25 mg of the substance were predispersed with approximately 10 ml of silicone oil (Korasilon M10). in a small vessel. The dispersed material (non-micronized (input) or micronized material) was subsequently added to the oil (approx. 0.5 L) in the wet dispersion unit, until the optical density of the suspension reached 5 to 8%. Then the measurement was started by adjusting the stirring/pumping speed first without any application of ultrasound (US) and afterwards by applying US for 15 s, 45 s, 120 s and finally 240 s. After each interval, the PSD was determined.

The results of the measurements are shown in table 2. The three columns xio, X₅₀ and X₉₀ indicate the diameter below which 10%, 50% and 90% respectively, of the particles of the analysed compound product lie. A comparable particle size spectrum was obtained regardless of the dispersion method

Table 2: PSD values for crystalline monohydrate (II) before {input) and after ( micronized ) micronization

The PSD values obtained from the wet dispersion method indicate that the monohydrate (II) shows a tendency to aggregation or agglomeration both before and after micronization as evident from the reduction in particle size values for xio, X50 and X90 upon application of ultrasound. The aggregates formed are not stable and disintegrate by application of ultrasound.

Example 4.1-2: Micronization of modification A of compound (I)

The product obtained from example 2.2 (10.3 g) was micronized in a spiral jet mill to give 7.6 g micronized material (73.8% yield).

Out of the 10.3 g initial product mass 2.6 g remained inside the milling chamber due to caking. The severance of caking becomes obvious when comparing the clean milling chamber of the air jet mill depicted in figure 13 with the chamber after milling shown in figure 14. a) Grinding parameters:

b) The micronized product obtained has the following properties:

Determination of the particle size distribution:

Details on the instrumental set-up utilized for particle size analysis by Uaser diffraction can be found in the Section Experimental Setup. Method 1 (Determination of PSD by laser diffraction / dry dispersion method):

The measurement of the micronized sample of modification A was conducted in the same manner as described above for the crystalline monohydrate (II) under example 4.1-1.

Obtained particle size distribution (Xio / X50 / X90): 0.9 / 3.9 / 15.3 pm.

Span: 3.71.

Method 2 (Determination of PSD by laser diffraction / wet dispersion method):

The results of the measurements are shown in table 3. The three columns xio, X50 and X90 indicate the diameter below which 10%, 50% and 90% respectively of the particles of the analysed active compound product lie. Also here, a comparable particle size spectrum was obtained regardless of the dispersion method. The particle size distribution of modification A of compound (I) is in a comparable range to that of the crystalline monohydrate (II).

Table 3: PSD values for modification A of compound (I) before (input) and after ( micronized ) micronization

As for the crystalline monohydrate (II), the PSD values obtained from the wet dispersion method indicate a tendency to aggregation or agglomeration of modification A of compound I both before and after micronization as evident from the reduction in particle size values for xio, X50 and X90 upon application of ultrasound.

Surprisingly, the crystalline monohydrate (II) and modification A show a significantly different behaviour during the micronization process. While modification A shows a very strong caking tendency inside the milling chamber and can thus only be micronized with significantly reduced efficiency as well as at low yields (see Fig. 13), the monohydrate (II) can easily be micronized at high yields and with no signs of caking. Such different micronization behaviour cannot be explained in view of the similar PSD profiles as discussed above and is surprising to a person skilled in the art. Further surprising is that the span of the PSD for the crystalline monohydrate (II) (2.08) is significantly lower compared to that for modification A (3.71). Such a narrow particle size distribution with a low span value is particularly favourable with respect to homogeneity and thus advantageous for further processing and formulation.

Example 4.2 Production of solid dosage forms containing micronized crystalline monohydrate

(P)

Table 4: Composition of 5 mg and 30 mg tablets

Composition_ Amount [mg] Amount [mg]

Drug substance

Micronized monohydrate (II) from 5.00 30.00 example 4.1-1

Excipients

Lactose monohydrate 33.10 198.60

Cellulose microcrystalline 40.00 240.00

Croscarmellose sodium 3.00 18.00

Hypromellose (HPMC) 5 cP 3.00 18.00

Sodium laurylsulfate 0.30 1.80

Magnesium stearate 0.60 3.60

Weight (uncoated tablet) 85.00 510.00

Film-coating

Hypromellose 5 cP 1.75 6.00

(syn. : Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

2910)

Macrogol 3350 0.35 1.20

(syn.: Polyethylene glycol (3350))

Talc 0.35 1.20

Titanium dioxide 0.70 2.40

Ferric oxide red 0.35 1.20

Weight (film-coating) 3.50 12.00

Weight (coated tablet) 88.50 522.00

Example 4.2-1: Tablet manufacturing via fluidized bed granulation

Composition according to table 4. The granulation liquid was prepared by mixing micronized monohydrate (II), sodium laurylsulfate, hypromellose 5 cP, and purified water in bulk. Lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium croscarmellose were mixed. This blend was then granulated with the granulation liquid in the fluidized bed granulator. The granules were dried and sieved.

The granules were then mixed with sieved magnesium stearate in a blender resulting in the ready-to- press mixture. The ready-to-press mixture was compressed into tablets.

Hypromellose 5 cP, macrogol 3350, talc, titanium dioxide, and ferric oxide red were combined with purified water in bulk to result in a homogeneous coating suspension, which was sprayed onto the tablets in a suitable coating device, e.g. perforated drum coater.

Tablets each containing 5 and 30 mg of monohydrate form of micronized monohydrate (II) were prepared following the protocol given above.

Example 5: Properties of pharmaceutical compositions containing micronized crystalline monohvdrate fill

Example 5.1. Dissolution behaviour of tablets

Standard dissolution tests were performed for both tablet strengths in USP dissolution apparatus 2 with apaddle rotation speed at 75 rpm in 900 mL 0.01N hydrochloric acid + 0.1% SDS medium (approx. pH = 2) at 37° C.

The drug substance monohydrate (II) showed an immediate release from both dose strengths with more than 80 % released drug after 30 minutes dissolution testing.

Example 5.2. Stability of tablets

Coated tablet containing 5 mg or 30 mg of the monohydrate (II) (drug substance) were packaged in HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) bottles with child resistant white polypropylene/ polyethylene screw cap closures. This packaging configuration provides protection from light and humidity.

Polymorphic stability studies were conducted by testing of the polymorphic form of drug substance after 1, 3 and 6 months storage duration at 25 °C / 60% relative humidity, 30 °C / 75% relative humidity and 40 °C / 75% relative humidity. Two representative batches of 5 mg and 30 mg dose strengths were tested under above mentioned conditions and the results are represented in table 5 and table 6.

Table 5: 5 mg tablet strength, HDPE-bottles

Test Storage 25 °C/60 % RH 30 °C/75 % RH 40 °C/75 % RH

Acceptance criterion time

_ [monthsl _

Crystalline form monohydrate (II) initial confirmed confirmed confirmed

1 confirmed 3 confirmed confirmed confirmed 6 confirmed confirmed confirmed Table 6: 30 mg tablet strength, HDPE-bottles

Test Storage 25 °C/60 % RH 30 °C/75 % RH 40 °C/75 % RH

Acceptance criterion duration

_ [monthsl _

Crystalline form monohydrate (II) initial confirmed confirmed confirmed

1 3 confirmed - confirmed 6 confirmed - confirmed

Tablets with monohydrate (II) (5 mg and 30 mg) were manufactured according to the method described above and an initial XRPD was recorded. The XRPD pattern remained unchanged at all storage conditions investigated over a period of 6 month

Figures:

Fig. 1: X-Ray powder diffractogram of the monohydrate (II) according to example 2.1.

Fig. 2: X-Ray powder diffractogram of modification A of compound (I) according to example 2.2.

Fig. 3: X-Ray powder diffractogram of the amorphous form of compound (I) according to example 2.3. Fig. 4: DSC- and TGA-thermogram of the monohydrate (II) according to example 2.1.

Fig. 5: DSC- and TGA-thermogram of modification A of compound (I) according to example 2.2.

Fig. 6: DSC- and TGA-thermogram of the amorphous form of compound (I) according to example 2.3. Fig. 7: Raman spectrum of the monohydrate (II) according to example according to example 2.1.

Fig. 8: Raman spectrum of modification A of compound (I) according to example 2.2.

Fig. 9: Raman spectrum of the amorphous form of compound (I) according to example 2.3.

Fig. 10: IR spectrum of the monohydrate (II) according to example according to example 2.1.

Fig. 11 : IR spectrum of modification A of compound (I) according to example 2.2.

Fig. 12: IR spectrum of the amorphous form of compound (I) according to example 2.3.

Fig. 13: Clean milling chamber of air jet mill LSM 50

Fig. 14: Milling chamber of air jet mill LSM 50 after micronization of modification A of compound (I) according to example 4.1-2.

Claims

1. Compound (II)

which is the monohydrate of compound (I)

2. A crystalline form of the compound of claim 1 characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram measured at 25 °C and with Cu-K alpha 1 as radiation source displaying at least the following reflections, quoted as 2Q value ± 0.2°: 13.7, 22.6 and 24.5.

3. A crystalline form of the compound of claim 1 characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram measured at 25 °C and with Cu-K alpha 1 as radiation source displaying at least the following reflections, quoted as 2Q value ± 0.2°: 13.7, 16.0, 17.6, 22.6 and 24.5.

4. A crystalline form of the compound of claim 1 characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram measured at 25 °C and with Cu-K alpha 1 as radiation source displaying at least the following reflections, quoted as 2Q value ± 0.2°: 13.7, 16.0, 17.6, 22.6, 24.5 and 25.7.

5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising monohydrate (II) and optionally further pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 5 comprising monohydrate (II) mainly and no significant fractions of another form of the compound of the formula (I) and optionally further pharmaceutically acceptable excipients

7. A crystalline form of the compound (II) of any of claims 1 to 4 for use in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases.

8. A pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 5 to 6 for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cardiovascular disorders and/or renal disorders, in particular acute and chronic kidney diseases.

9. Use of a compound as defined in any of claims 1 to 4 for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disorders and/or renal disorders, in particular acute and chronic kidney diseases.

10. A method of treating or preventing of cardiovascular disorders and/or renal disorders, in particular acute and chronic kidney diseases, in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound as defined in any of claims 1 to 4.

11. A method of preparing compound (II) comprising the step a) of contacting a solution of the compound of formula (I) with at least one antisolvent.

12. The method of claim 11, comprising the successive steps a)-d) of a) adding a solution of the compound of formula (I) in methanol to water at a temperature in the range of 0°C to +30 °C, preferably +20 °C, and within an addition time (t_a) of 60-1200 min, preferably 120-450 min, wherein the ratio of compound (I) to methanol is from 1:3 to 1:5 (w/w), preferably 1:4 (w/w), and the ratio of compound (I) to water is from 1:8 to 1: 12 (w/w), preferably 1: 10 (w/w), and wherein the mixture is stirred for an induction period (k) of 10-60 min, preferably 60 min, after addition of 5-20% (w/w), preferably 10% (w/w), of the complete amount of the methanol solution of compound of formula (I) to water, b) cooling down the the mixture obtained from step a) to a temperature of from 0 °C to +10 °C, preferably to a temperature of +5 °C. c) optionally stirring the mixture obtained from step b) for a post-stirring period (t_p) of 0.1-720 min, d) isolating and optionally washing and/or drying the product obtained from steps b) and/or c).

13. The method according to any of claims 11 to 12, further comprising a step e), where the obtained product is micronized.

14. Compound (II) in micronized form, obtainable by a method according to claim 13.

15. The compound of claim 14, having a particle size of 1.1 pm - 10.6 pm.