WO2022111273A1 - Liquid air-based power generation system - Google Patents

Liquid air-based power generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022111273A1
WO2022111273A1 PCT/CN2021/129466 CN2021129466W WO2022111273A1 WO 2022111273 A1 WO2022111273 A1 WO 2022111273A1 CN 2021129466 W CN2021129466 W CN 2021129466W WO 2022111273 A1 WO2022111273 A1 WO 2022111273A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
way valve
power generation
enters
liquid air
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2021/129466
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
丁玉龙
张童童
Original Assignee
丁玉龙
开尔文热能技术有限公司
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Application filed by 丁玉龙, 开尔文热能技术有限公司 filed Critical 丁玉龙
Publication of WO2022111273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022111273A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of electric power energy, and in particular relates to a liquid air-based power generation system and method.
  • the thermal efficiency of the existing single-cycle gas turbine is only about 35-40%, which is largely limited by the high power consumption of the compressor in the process of compressing air. Compared with the power consumption of compression of ambient air, the power consumption of the pressurization process of liquid air is low. If liquid air is used as the air source for the gas power generation cycle or the gas and steam combined power generation cycle, it can save a huge amount of power consumption of the compressor itself, increase the net power generation of the power generation cycle, and then improve the thermal efficiency of the power generation cycle.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid air-based power generation system and method for the deficiencies of the prior art, which utilizes liquid air to boost pressure with low power consumption, and efficiently recover and utilize cold energy to reduce compressor function. It can realize the advantages of liquid air energy storage, low-temperature thermal energy storage and gas power generation cycle, thereby realizing high-efficiency power generation.
  • a liquid air-based power generation system comprising a liquid air processing unit and a gas turbine power generation unit;
  • the liquid air treatment unit includes:
  • liquid air storage device that receives and stores liquid air from the outside and has a lower output end
  • cryogenic pump the upper input end of the cryogenic pump is connected to the lower output end of the liquid air storage device;
  • the upper left input end of the cold energy storage unit is connected to the lower output end of the cryogenic pump; the lower input end of the cold energy storage unit is connected to the treated ambient air;
  • the gas turbine power generation unit includes:
  • the left input end of the air compressor unit is connected to the upper output end of the cold energy storage unit;
  • a first gas three-way valve the left input end of the first gas three-way valve is connected with the right output end of the air compressor unit; the lower input end of the first gas three-way valve is connected with the cold energy storage unit The upper right side of the output terminal is connected;
  • a second gas three-way valve the left input end of the second gas three-way valve is connected with the right output end of the first gas three-way valve;
  • regenerator the left input end of the regenerator is connected to the lower output end of the second gas three-way valve; the upper output end of the regenerator is a tail gas discharge port;
  • the third gas three-way valve the lower input end of the third gas three-way valve is connected to the right output end of the regenerator; the left input end of the third gas three-way valve is connected to the second gas three-way valve The right output end of the through valve is connected;
  • the left input end of the combustion chamber is connected with the right output end of the third gas three-way valve; the lower input end of the combustion chamber is used for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber;
  • the left input end of the gas turbine is connected with the right output end of the combustion chamber;
  • the fourth gas three-way valve the left input end of the fourth gas three-way valve is connected with the right output end of the gas turbine; the lower output end of the fourth gas three-way valve is connected with the regenerator Lower input connection.
  • system also includes a steam turbine power generation unit, and the steam turbine power generation unit includes:
  • waste heat boiler the left input end of the waste heat boiler is connected to the right output end of the fourth gas three-way valve; the right output end of the waste heat boiler is a tail gas discharge port;
  • the left output end of the feed pump is connected to the upper input end of the waste heat boiler
  • the upper output end of the condenser is connected with the right input end of the feed water pump
  • a steam turbine the right output end of the steam turbine is connected with the lower input end of the condenser; the left input end of the steam turbine is connected with the lower output end of the waste heat boiler.
  • Gas power generation cycle or gas and steam combined power generation cycle can use ambient air and liquid air for power generation: in the electricity consumption period or valley period, use ambient air as the air source to meet the basic electricity demand; during peak electricity consumption Or during peak periods, using liquid air as the air source can effectively increase the net power generation of the unit within a period of time, thus avoiding the need to increase the installed capacity of the gas power generation system or the gas-steam combined power generation system in order to cope with the short-term power consumption peak. , resulting in high investment costs and other problems. Therefore, the efficient integration and optimization of liquid air and traditional gas power generation cycle or gas and steam combined cycle is of great significance for reducing the investment cost of the power generation system and improving the power generation capacity, efficiency and peak shaving capacity of the power generation system.
  • the cold energy storage unit is composed of more than one level of cold energy storage sub-units connected in series, the sub-units at all levels use latent heat, sensible heat or thermochemical energy storage materials for storage, and the sub-units at all levels use thermal insulation Material insulation; energy storage material and fluid working medium adopt non-contact or direct contact heat exchange.
  • the air compressor group is composed of a plurality of compressors above one stage;
  • the gas turbine is composed of a plurality of turbines above one stage;
  • the steam turbine is composed of a plurality of turbines above one stage Turbine composition.
  • the fuel transported in the combustion chamber is any one or a mixture of two or more of methane, hydrogen, ammonia, synthesis gas, kerosene or other low calorific value fuels.
  • the present invention further provides a method for generating electricity by the above-mentioned liquid air-based power generation system, and the device operates in two modes:
  • the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage device is pressurized to a high pressure by a cryogenic pump, and then enters the cold energy storage unit to be vaporized to near normal temperature, and at the same time, the cold energy is released and stored in the cold energy storage unit; vaporization
  • the air enters the regenerator through the first gas three-way valve and the second gas three-way valve, and is preheated by the high-temperature exhaust gas of the gas turbine, it enters the combustion chamber through the third gas three-way valve, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber for combustion and heating;
  • the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine to expand to do work;
  • the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the regenerator through the fourth gas three-way valve to preheat the air, cool down and discharge to the atmosphere;
  • the ambient air enters the cold energy storage unit, and after being cooled by the stored cold energy, it enters the air compressor unit to be pressurized to high pressure; the high pressure air enters the return air through the first gas three-way valve and the second gas three-way valve After being preheated by the high-temperature exhaust gas in the heater, it enters the combustion chamber through the third gas three-way valve, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber for combustion heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine for expansion and work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas passes through the fourth gas.
  • the gas three-way valve enters the regenerator, preheats the air, cools it down and discharges it to the atmosphere.
  • the gas turbine power generation unit and the steam turbine power generation unit participate in power generation at the same time, and the specific steps include:
  • the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage device is pressurized to a high pressure by a cryogenic pump, and then enters the cold energy storage unit to be vaporized to near normal temperature, and at the same time, the cold energy is released and stored in the cold energy storage unit; vaporization After the air passes through the first gas three-way valve, the second gas three-way valve and the third gas three-way valve, it directly enters the combustion chamber, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine for expansion and work; The expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the waste heat boiler through the fourth gas three-way valve to release heat to generate high-pressure high-temperature steam; the steam enters the steam turbine to expand to do work; after the expanded steam enters the condenser and condenses, it is pressurized to high pressure by the feed pump After re-entering the waste heat boiler, it is heated to high temperature steam to complete the steam cycle;
  • ambient air enters the cold energy storage unit, and after being cooled by the stored cold energy, it enters the air compressor unit to be pressurized to high pressure; the high-pressure air passes through the first gas three-way valve, the second gas three-way valve and the third gas three-way valve.
  • the three-gas three-way valve directly enters the combustion chamber, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine to expand and do work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the waste heat boiler through the fourth gas three-way valve to release heat to generate High-pressure and high-temperature steam; the steam enters the steam turbine to expand to do work; the expanded steam enters the condenser and condenses, and is pressurized to high pressure by the feed pump, and then re-enters the waste heat boiler to be heated to high-temperature steam to complete the steam cycle.
  • This method uses the stored liquid air as the power generation working medium during the peak power consumption period to drive the power generation cycle, avoids the high power consumption of the compressor itself in the power generation cycle, and can significantly improve the total power generation of the power generation system during the peak power consumption period. and power generation efficiency, thereby improving the peak shaving capacity of the power generation system.
  • the high-grade cold energy released by the liquid air in the peak period of electricity consumption is recovered and stored, and in the trough period of electricity consumption, the stored cold energy is used to cool the ambient air and then enter the compressor for pressurization, which significantly reduces the energy consumption.
  • the power consumption of the compressor itself improves the power generation capacity and power generation efficiency of the power generation system.
  • the source of the liquid air in the liquid air storage device is the excess liquid air product in the air separation plant, or the liquid air product produced by using the excess power of the renewable energy power station, or the liquid air stored in the liquid air energy storage power station. liquid air.
  • the power generation system of the present invention does not need to use the compressor during the peak period of electricity consumption by rationally utilizing the high-quality cooling energy of liquid air and liquid air, and can effectively reduce the power consumption of the compressor itself during the period of low electricity consumption, which significantly improves the power consumption of the compressor.
  • the power generation system of the present invention uses liquid air as the power generation working medium to increase the net power generation of the power generation system during the peak period of electricity consumption, and does not need to increase the installed capacity of the generator set in response to the short-term peak power demand, thereby improving the power generation system. Peak shaving capacity and save the investment cost of the power generation system.
  • the liquid air in the power generation system of the present invention comes from the surplus liquid products of the air separation plant, or the surplus electricity produced by the use of renewable energy, or the liquid air stored in the liquid air energy storage plant; the electric energy produced by using the liquid air will It is used for power supply during peak hours, and the electricity price is high, which can produce good economic benefits; it provides a feasible method and scheme for using liquid air to realize the energy efficiency improvement of gas power generation cycle and gas-steam combined power generation cycle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the liquid air-based power generation system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the liquid air-based power generation system of the present invention using the first operation mode to generate power.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the second operation mode of the liquid air-based power generation system of the present invention to generate power.
  • Figure 4 shows the specific power of power generation under different compression ratios using the first operating mode.
  • Figure 5 shows the thermal efficiency of power generation using the first operating mode under different compression ratios.
  • Figure 6 shows the specific power of power generation under different compression ratios using the second operating mode.
  • Fig. 7 shows the thermal efficiency of power generation using the second operation mode under different compression ratios.
  • each reference sign represents: liquid air processing unit 100, liquid air storage device 101, cryogenic pump 102, cold energy storage unit 103, gas turbine power generation unit 200, air compressor unit 201, first gas three-way valve 202, The second gas three-way valve 203, the regenerator 204, the third gas three-way valve 205, the combustion chamber 206, the gas turbine 207, the fourth gas three-way valve 208, the steam turbine power generation unit 300, the waste heat boiler 301, the feed water pump 302, condenser 303, steam turbine 304.
  • the liquid air-based power generation system of the present invention includes a liquid air processing unit 100 , a gas turbine power generation unit 200 and a steam turbine power generation unit 300 .
  • the liquid air processing unit 100 includes: a liquid air storage device 101, a cryogenic pump 102, and a high-grade cold energy storage unit 103; the liquid air storage device 101 has a lower output end; the upper input end of the cryogenic pump 102 is connected to the liquid air storage unit The lower output end of the device 101 is connected; the upper left input end of the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103 is connected to the lower output end of the cryogenic pump 102, and the lower input end of the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103 is connected to ambient air.
  • the gas turbine power generation unit 200 includes: an air compressor unit 201, a first gas three-way valve 202, a second gas three-way valve 203, a regenerator 204, a third gas three-way valve 205, a combustion chamber 206, a gas turbine 207, Four-gas three-way valve 208; the left input end of the air compressor unit 201 is connected to the upper output end of the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103; the left input end of the first gas three-way valve 202 is connected to the right output end of the air compressor unit 201 The lower input end of the first gas three-way valve 202 is connected to the upper right output end of the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103; the left input end of the second gas three-way valve 203 is connected to the output end of the first gas three-way valve 202 The right output end is connected; the left input end of the regenerator 204 is connected with the lower output end of the second gas three-way valve 203, and the upper output end of the regenerator 204 is the exhaust gas discharge port
  • the steam turbine power generation unit 300 includes: a waste heat boiler 301, a feed pump 302, a condenser 303, and a steam turbine 304; the left input end of the waste heat boiler 301 is connected to the right output end of the fourth gas three-way valve 208, and the waste heat boiler
  • the right output end of 301 is the exhaust gas discharge port; the left output end of the feed water pump 302 is connected with the upper input end of the waste heat boiler 301; the upper output end of the condenser 303 is connected with the right input end of the feed water pump 302;
  • the right output end of the flat 304 is connected to the lower input end of the condenser 303 , and the left input end of the steam turbine 304 is connected to the lower output end of the waste heat boiler 301 .
  • the cold energy storage unit 103 is formed by connecting more than one level of cold energy storage sub-units in series, the sub-units at all levels use latent heat, sensible heat or thermochemical energy storage materials for storage, and the sub-units at all levels use thermal insulation materials for heat insulation ; Energy storage material and fluid working medium adopt non-contact or direct contact heat exchange.
  • the air compressor group 201 is composed of a plurality of compressors above one stage; the gas turbine 207 is composed of a plurality of turbines above a first stage; the steam turbine 304 is composed of a plurality of turbines above a first stage .
  • the method for generating electricity using the above-mentioned liquid air-based power generation system includes the following two operating modes:
  • the gas turbine power generation unit 200 participates in power generation, while the steam turbine power generation unit 300 does not participate in power generation.
  • the specific steps include:
  • the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage device 101 is pressurized to a high pressure by the cryogenic pump 102, and then enters the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103 to be vaporized to near normal temperature, and at the same time, the high-grade cold energy is released and stored in the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103.
  • the vaporized air enters the regenerator 204 through the first gas three-way valve 202 and the second gas three-way valve 203 and is preheated by the high-temperature exhaust gas, and passes through the third gas three-way valve 205.
  • the combustion chamber 206 Enter the combustion chamber 206, add fuel to the combustion chamber 206 for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine 207 for expansion and work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the regenerator 204 through the fourth gas three-way valve 208 to preheat the air in the regenerator 204 After cooling down and discharging to the atmosphere;
  • ambient air enters the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103, and after being cooled and cooled by the stored high-grade cold energy, it enters the air compressor unit 201 to be pressurized to high pressure; the high-pressure air passes through the first gas three-way valve 202 and the third After the two-gas three-way valve 203 enters the regenerator 204 and is preheated by the high-temperature exhaust gas, it enters the combustion chamber 206 through the third gas three-way valve 205, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber 206 for combustion and heating; The flat 207 expands to do work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the regenerator 204 through the fourth gas three-way valve 208 to preheat the air, cool it down, and discharge it to the atmosphere.
  • the gas turbine power generation unit 200 and the steam turbine power generation unit 300 participate in power generation at the same time, and the specific steps include:
  • the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage device 101 is pressurized to a high pressure by the cryogenic pump 102, and then enters the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103 to be vaporized to near normal temperature, and at the same time, the high-grade cold energy is released and stored in the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103.
  • the vaporized air directly enters the combustion chamber 206 through the first gas three-way valve 202, the second gas three-way valve 203 and the third gas three-way valve 205, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber 206 Combustion and heating;
  • the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine 207 for expansion and work;
  • the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the waste heat boiler 301 through the fourth gas three-way valve 208 to release heat to generate high-pressure high-temperature steam;
  • the steam enters the steam turbine 304 for expansion and work;
  • ambient air enters the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103, and after being cooled and cooled by the stored high-grade cold energy, it enters the air compressor unit 201 to be pressurized to high pressure; the high-pressure air passes through the first gas three-way valve 202, the third The second gas three-way valve 203 and the third gas three-way valve 205 directly enter the combustion chamber 206, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber 206 for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine 207 for expansion and work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas passes through the first The four-gas three-way valve 208 enters the waste heat boiler 301 to release heat to generate high-pressure and high-temperature steam; the steam enters the steam turbine 304 to expand and perform work; the expanded steam enters the condenser 303 and condenses, and is pressurized to high pressure by the feed pump 302. After re-entering the waste heat boiler 301, it is heated to high temperature steam to complete the steam cycle.
  • the fuel delivered in the combustion chamber 206 is any one or a mixture of two or more of methane, hydrogen, ammonia, synthesis gas, kerosene or other low calorific value fuels.
  • the source of the liquid air in the liquid air storage device 101 is the excess liquid air product in the air separation plant, or the liquid air product produced by using the surplus power of the renewable energy power station, or the liquid air stored in the liquid air energy storage power station.
  • Figure 4 shows the comparison results of the specific power generation of the system during the low power consumption period and the power consumption peak period and the power generation specific power of the traditional gas power generation cycle under different compression ratios when the first operation mode is used for power generation.
  • Figure 5 shows the comparison results of the thermal efficiency of the system in the low power consumption period and the power consumption peak period and the thermal efficiency of the traditional gas power generation cycle under different compression ratios when the first operation mode is used for power generation.
  • the first operation mode is suitable for small-scale power plants that only invest in the construction of gas turbines.
  • the high-temperature exhaust gas from the gas turbine outlet will enter the regenerator to preheat the air before entering the combustion chamber.
  • the first operation mode is simulated and calculated, and the system performance parameters are shown in Table 1. Under this condition, the specific power of the system can be increased by 78%-115% compared with the traditional gas-fired power generation cycle, and the thermal efficiency of the system can be increased by 78%-115% compared with the traditional gas-fired power generation cycle.
  • Figure 6 shows the comparison results of the specific power generation of the system during the low power consumption period and the power consumption peak period and the power generation specific power of the traditional gas-steam combined power generation cycle under different compression ratios when the second operation mode is used for power generation.
  • Figure 7 shows the comparison results of the thermal efficiency of the system during the low power consumption period and the power consumption peak period and the thermal efficiency of the traditional gas-steam combined power generation cycle under different compression ratios when the second operation mode is used for power generation.
  • the second operation mode is suitable for the investment and construction of large-scale power stations with combined power generation of gas turbine and steam turbine.
  • the high temperature exhaust gas from the gas turbine outlet will enter the waste heat boiler to generate high temperature steam for the steam turbine to generate electricity.
  • the second operation mode is simulated and calculated, and the system performance parameters are shown in Table 2. Under this condition, the specific power generation of the system can be increased by 49%-73% compared with the traditional gas-steam combined power generation cycle, and the thermal efficiency of the system can be increased by 7%-29% compared with the traditional gas-steam combined power generation cycle.
  • the present invention provides an idea and method for a power generation system and method based on liquid air. There are many specific methods and approaches for realizing the technical solution. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented by existing technologies.

Abstract

A liquid air-based power generation system, and a method. The power generation system comprises a liquid air treatment unit (100), a gas turbine power generation unit (200), and a steam turbine power generation unit (300). In a period of peak electricity use, liquid air is pressurized to a required pressure by means of a cryogenic pump (102), and after performing evaporation and simultaneously performing storage on released cold energy in a cold energy storage unit (103), same directly enters into the gas turbine power generation unit (200) and power is generated without needing to pass an air compression assembly (201), and at the same time, high temperature tail gas of a gas turbine (207) enters into the steam turbine power generation unit (300) and power is generated again. In a period of low electricity use, after ambient temperature air is cooled by means of the cold energy storage unit (103) and is pressurized via the air compression assembly (201), same enters into the gas turbine power generation unit (200) and power is generated, and at the same time, high temperature tail gas of the gas turbine (207) enters into the steam turbine power generation unit (300) and power is generated again.

Description

一种基于液态空气的发电系统及方法A liquid air-based power generation system and method 技术领域technical field
本发明属于电力能源领域，具体涉及一种基于液态空气的发电系统及方法。The invention belongs to the field of electric power energy, and in particular relates to a liquid air-based power generation system and method.
背景技术Background technique
现有燃气发电循环或燃气、蒸汽联合发电循环，在运行过程中，需要引入空气实现燃料燃烧，产生燃气轮机做功工质。环境空气需要预先经过压缩机加压至高压，被压缩的空气与喷入的燃料相混合并燃烧形成高温高压燃气，具有做功能力的燃气工质进入透平装置膨胀做功。然而，现有的单循环燃气轮机的热效率仅为35-40％左右，这很大程度上受限于压缩机在压缩空气过程中较高的自身耗功量。相比于环境空气的压缩耗功量，液态空气的加压过程耗功低。如果使用液态空气作为燃气发电循环或燃气、蒸汽联合发电循环的空气来源，可以节省巨大的压缩机自身耗功量，提高发电循环的净发电量，进而提高发电循环的热效率。In the existing gas power generation cycle or gas and steam combined power generation cycle, during the operation process, it is necessary to introduce air to realize the fuel combustion and generate the working fluid of the gas turbine. The ambient air needs to be pressurized to high pressure by the compressor in advance. The compressed air is mixed with the injected fuel and burned to form high temperature and high pressure gas. The gas working medium with working power enters the turbine device to expand and do work. However, the thermal efficiency of the existing single-cycle gas turbine is only about 35-40%, which is largely limited by the high power consumption of the compressor in the process of compressing air. Compared with the power consumption of compression of ambient air, the power consumption of the pressurization process of liquid air is low. If liquid air is used as the air source for the gas power generation cycle or the gas and steam combined power generation cycle, it can save a huge amount of power consumption of the compressor itself, increase the net power generation of the power generation cycle, and then improve the thermal efficiency of the power generation cycle.
技术问题technical problem
现阶段，可再生能源发电产业蓬勃发展，可再生能源发电站的装机容量屡创新高，这就导致传统发电机组需要长期在较低负荷下运行，以保证清洁可再生能源的上网发电。但是由于可再生能源的波动性和间歇性等自身特性，传统发电机组又需要在可再生能源发电不足的情况下，提高自身发电量，以维持整个电网的稳定性。这就导致传统发电系统，在投建时虽然有较高的装机容量，但是长期无法满负荷运行，导致了投资成本大，成本回收期长的问题。此外，大功率船用燃气轮机等也面临同样的困境，装机的燃气轮机长期处于中低负荷运行即可满足船的基本用电需求，仅在必要时刻才满负荷运行。At this stage, the renewable energy power generation industry is booming, and the installed capacity of renewable energy power stations has repeatedly hit new highs. This leads to the need for traditional generator sets to operate at low loads for a long time to ensure the on-grid power generation of clean renewable energy. However, due to the volatility and intermittent nature of renewable energy, traditional generators need to increase their own power generation when renewable energy is insufficient to maintain the stability of the entire power grid. This leads to the traditional power generation system, although it has a high installed capacity when it is put into construction, but it cannot operate at full load for a long time, resulting in the problems of high investment cost and long cost recovery period. In addition, high-power marine gas turbines are also faced with the same dilemma. The installed gas turbines can meet the basic electricity demand of ships by operating at medium and low loads for a long time, and only operate at full load when necessary.
技术解决方案technical solutions
发明目的：本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种基于液态空气的发电系统及方法，利用液态空气低功耗升压、冷能高效回收和利用以降低压缩机功耗的优点，实现液态空气储能、低温热能存储和燃气发电循环，进而实现高效发电。Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid air-based power generation system and method for the deficiencies of the prior art, which utilizes liquid air to boost pressure with low power consumption, and efficiently recover and utilize cold energy to reduce compressor function. It can realize the advantages of liquid air energy storage, low-temperature thermal energy storage and gas power generation cycle, thereby realizing high-efficiency power generation.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows:
一种基于液态空气的发电系统，包括液态空气处理单元和燃气轮机发电单元；A liquid air-based power generation system, comprising a liquid air processing unit and a gas turbine power generation unit;
其中，液态空气处理单元包括：Among them, the liquid air treatment unit includes:
液态空气存储装置，所述液态空气存储装置从外部接受和存储液态空气，并具有下部输出端；a liquid air storage device that receives and stores liquid air from the outside and has a lower output end;
深冷泵，所述深冷泵的上部输入端与所述液态空气存储装置的下部输出端连接；a cryogenic pump, the upper input end of the cryogenic pump is connected to the lower output end of the liquid air storage device;
冷能存储单元，所述冷能存储单元的左上侧输入端与所述深冷泵的下部输出端连接；冷能存储单元的下部输入端连接经过处理过的环境空气；a cold energy storage unit, the upper left input end of the cold energy storage unit is connected to the lower output end of the cryogenic pump; the lower input end of the cold energy storage unit is connected to the treated ambient air;
燃气轮机发电单元包括：The gas turbine power generation unit includes:
空气压缩机组，所述空气压缩机组的左侧输入端与所述冷能存储单元上部输出端连接；an air compressor unit, the left input end of the air compressor unit is connected to the upper output end of the cold energy storage unit;
第一气体三通阀，所述第一气体三通阀的左侧输入端与所述空气压缩机组的右侧输出端连接；第一气体三通阀的下部输入端与所述冷能存储单元的右上侧输出端连接；a first gas three-way valve, the left input end of the first gas three-way valve is connected with the right output end of the air compressor unit; the lower input end of the first gas three-way valve is connected with the cold energy storage unit The upper right side of the output terminal is connected;
第二气体三通阀，所述第二气体三通阀的左侧输入端与所述第一气体三通阀的右侧输出端连接；a second gas three-way valve, the left input end of the second gas three-way valve is connected with the right output end of the first gas three-way valve;
回热器，所述回热器的左侧输入端与所述第二气体三通阀的下部输出端连接；回热器的上部输出端为尾气排放口；a regenerator, the left input end of the regenerator is connected to the lower output end of the second gas three-way valve; the upper output end of the regenerator is a tail gas discharge port;
第三气体三通阀，所述第三气体三通阀的下部输入端与所述回热器的右侧输出端连接；第三气体三通阀的左侧输入端与所述第二气体三通阀的右侧输出端连接；The third gas three-way valve, the lower input end of the third gas three-way valve is connected to the right output end of the regenerator; the left input end of the third gas three-way valve is connected to the second gas three-way valve The right output end of the through valve is connected;
燃烧室，所述燃烧室的左侧输入端与所述第三气体三通阀的右侧输出端连接；燃烧室的下部输入端用于向燃烧室内输送燃料；a combustion chamber, the left input end of the combustion chamber is connected with the right output end of the third gas three-way valve; the lower input end of the combustion chamber is used for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber;
燃气透平，所述燃气透平的左侧输入端与所述燃烧室的右侧输出端连接；a gas turbine, the left input end of the gas turbine is connected with the right output end of the combustion chamber;
第四气体三通阀，所述第四气体三通阀的左侧输入端与所述燃气透平的右侧输出端连接；第四气体三通阀的下部输出端与所述回热器的下部输入端连接。The fourth gas three-way valve, the left input end of the fourth gas three-way valve is connected with the right output end of the gas turbine; the lower output end of the fourth gas three-way valve is connected with the regenerator Lower input connection.
进一步地，该系统还包括蒸汽轮机发电单元，所述的蒸汽轮机发电单元包括：Further, the system also includes a steam turbine power generation unit, and the steam turbine power generation unit includes:
余热锅炉，所述余热锅炉的左侧输入端与所述第四气体三通阀的右侧输出端连接；余热锅炉的右侧输出端为尾气排放口；a waste heat boiler, the left input end of the waste heat boiler is connected to the right output end of the fourth gas three-way valve; the right output end of the waste heat boiler is a tail gas discharge port;
给水泵，所述给水泵的左侧输出端与所述余热锅炉的上部输入端连接；a feed pump, the left output end of the feed pump is connected to the upper input end of the waste heat boiler;
凝汽器，所述凝汽器的上部输出端与所述给水泵的右侧输入端连接；a condenser, the upper output end of the condenser is connected with the right input end of the feed water pump;
蒸汽透平，所述蒸汽透平的右侧输出端与所述凝汽器的下部输入端连接；蒸汽透平的左侧输入端与所述余热锅炉的下部输出端连接。A steam turbine, the right output end of the steam turbine is connected with the lower input end of the condenser; the left input end of the steam turbine is connected with the lower output end of the waste heat boiler.
燃气发电循环或燃气、蒸汽联合发电循环可以使用环境空气和液态空气两种空气来源进行发电：在用电平段或低谷期，使用环境空气作为空气来源满足基本的用电需求；在用电高峰或尖峰期，使用液态空气作为空气来源，可以在一段时间内有效地提高机组的净发电量，从而避免了为了应对短期用电高峰，加大燃气发电系统或燃气、蒸汽联合发电系统的装机容量，而导致的投资成本过高等问题。因此将液态空气与传统燃气发电循环或燃气、蒸汽联合循环高效的集成与优化，对于降低发电系统的投资成本、提高发电系统的发电量、效率和调峰能力，具有重要的意义。Gas power generation cycle or gas and steam combined power generation cycle can use ambient air and liquid air for power generation: in the electricity consumption period or valley period, use ambient air as the air source to meet the basic electricity demand; during peak electricity consumption Or during peak periods, using liquid air as the air source can effectively increase the net power generation of the unit within a period of time, thus avoiding the need to increase the installed capacity of the gas power generation system or the gas-steam combined power generation system in order to cope with the short-term power consumption peak. , resulting in high investment costs and other problems. Therefore, the efficient integration and optimization of liquid air and traditional gas power generation cycle or gas and steam combined cycle is of great significance for reducing the investment cost of the power generation system and improving the power generation capacity, efficiency and peak shaving capacity of the power generation system.
优选地，所述的冷能存储单元由一级以上的冷能存储子单元串联而成，各级子单元采用潜热、显热或热化学储能材料进行存储，且各级子单元均采用保温材料隔热；储能材料与流体工质采用非接触式或直接接触式换热。Preferably, the cold energy storage unit is composed of more than one level of cold energy storage sub-units connected in series, the sub-units at all levels use latent heat, sensible heat or thermochemical energy storage materials for storage, and the sub-units at all levels use thermal insulation Material insulation; energy storage material and fluid working medium adopt non-contact or direct contact heat exchange.
优选地，所述的空气压缩机组由一级以上的多个压缩机组成；所述的燃气透平由一级以上的多个透平组成；所述的蒸汽透平由一级以上的多个透平组成。Preferably, the air compressor group is composed of a plurality of compressors above one stage; the gas turbine is composed of a plurality of turbines above one stage; the steam turbine is composed of a plurality of turbines above one stage Turbine composition.
具体地，所述燃烧室内输送的燃料为甲烷、氢气、氨气、合成气、煤油或其他低热值燃料中的任意一种或两种以上的混合物。Specifically, the fuel transported in the combustion chamber is any one or a mixture of two or more of methane, hydrogen, ammonia, synthesis gas, kerosene or other low calorific value fuels.
本发明进一步提供上述基于液态空气的发电系统进行发电的方法，装置运行分两种模式：The present invention further provides a method for generating electricity by the above-mentioned liquid air-based power generation system, and the device operates in two modes:
第一种模式中，只有燃气轮机发电单元参与发电，而蒸汽轮机发电单元不参与发电，具体步骤包括：In the first mode, only the gas turbine power generation unit participates in power generation, and the steam turbine power generation unit does not participate in power generation. The specific steps include:
用电高峰时段，液态空气存储装置中存储的液态空气经过深冷泵加压至高压后，进入冷能存储单元中汽化至接近常温，并同时释放冷能并存储在冷能存储单元中；汽化后的空气经过第一气体三通阀和第二气体三通阀进入回热器中被燃气轮机高温尾气预热后，通过第三气体三通阀进入燃烧室，在燃烧室中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀进入回热器中预热空气后降温并排向大气；During peak hours of electricity consumption, the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage device is pressurized to a high pressure by a cryogenic pump, and then enters the cold energy storage unit to be vaporized to near normal temperature, and at the same time, the cold energy is released and stored in the cold energy storage unit; vaporization After the air enters the regenerator through the first gas three-way valve and the second gas three-way valve, and is preheated by the high-temperature exhaust gas of the gas turbine, it enters the combustion chamber through the third gas three-way valve, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber for combustion and heating; The heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine to expand to do work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the regenerator through the fourth gas three-way valve to preheat the air, cool down and discharge to the atmosphere;
在用电低谷时段，环境空气进入冷能存储单元，被存储的冷能降温冷却后，进入空气压缩机组加压至高压；高压空气经过第一气体三通阀和第二气体三通阀进入回热器中被高温尾气预热后，通过第三气体三通阀进入燃烧室，在燃烧室中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀进入回热器中预热空气后降温并排向大气。During the low power consumption period, the ambient air enters the cold energy storage unit, and after being cooled by the stored cold energy, it enters the air compressor unit to be pressurized to high pressure; the high pressure air enters the return air through the first gas three-way valve and the second gas three-way valve After being preheated by the high-temperature exhaust gas in the heater, it enters the combustion chamber through the third gas three-way valve, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber for combustion heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine for expansion and work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas passes through the fourth gas. The gas three-way valve enters the regenerator, preheats the air, cools it down and discharges it to the atmosphere.
第二种模式中，燃气轮机发电单元和蒸汽轮机发电单元同时参与发电，具体步骤包括：In the second mode, the gas turbine power generation unit and the steam turbine power generation unit participate in power generation at the same time, and the specific steps include:
用电高峰时段，液态空气存储装置中存储的液态空气经过深冷泵加压至高压后，进入冷能存储单元中汽化至接近常温，并同时释放冷能并存储在冷能存储单元中；汽化后的空气经过第一气体三通阀、第二气体三通阀和第三气体三通阀直接进入燃烧室，在燃烧室中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀进入余热锅炉中释放热量产生高压高温蒸汽；蒸汽进入蒸汽透平膨胀做功；膨胀后的蒸汽进入凝汽器中冷凝后，通过给水泵加压至高压后，重新进入余热锅炉中被加热至高温蒸汽，完成蒸汽循环；During peak hours of electricity consumption, the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage device is pressurized to a high pressure by a cryogenic pump, and then enters the cold energy storage unit to be vaporized to near normal temperature, and at the same time, the cold energy is released and stored in the cold energy storage unit; vaporization After the air passes through the first gas three-way valve, the second gas three-way valve and the third gas three-way valve, it directly enters the combustion chamber, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine for expansion and work; The expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the waste heat boiler through the fourth gas three-way valve to release heat to generate high-pressure high-temperature steam; the steam enters the steam turbine to expand to do work; after the expanded steam enters the condenser and condenses, it is pressurized to high pressure by the feed pump After re-entering the waste heat boiler, it is heated to high temperature steam to complete the steam cycle;
在用电低谷时段，环境空气进入冷能存储单元，被存储的冷能降温冷却后，进入空气压缩机组加压至高压；高压空气经过第一气体三通阀、第二气体三通阀和第三气体三通阀直接进入燃烧室，在燃烧室中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀进入余热锅炉中释放热量产生高压高温蒸汽；蒸汽进入蒸汽透平膨胀做功；膨胀后的蒸汽进入凝汽器中冷凝后，通过给水泵加压至高压后，重新进入余热锅炉中被加热至高温蒸汽，完成蒸汽循环。During the low power consumption period, ambient air enters the cold energy storage unit, and after being cooled by the stored cold energy, it enters the air compressor unit to be pressurized to high pressure; the high-pressure air passes through the first gas three-way valve, the second gas three-way valve and the third gas three-way valve. The three-gas three-way valve directly enters the combustion chamber, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine to expand and do work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the waste heat boiler through the fourth gas three-way valve to release heat to generate High-pressure and high-temperature steam; the steam enters the steam turbine to expand to do work; the expanded steam enters the condenser and condenses, and is pressurized to high pressure by the feed pump, and then re-enters the waste heat boiler to be heated to high-temperature steam to complete the steam cycle.
该方法在用电高峰期，使用存储的液态空气作为发电工质，驱动发电循环，避免了发电循环中较高的压缩机自身耗电量，可以显著地提高用电高峰期发电系统的总发电量和发电效率，进而提高发电系统的调峰能力。对用电高峰期中液态空气释放的高品位冷能进行了回收和存储，并在用电低谷期，利用存储的冷能对环境空气冷却降温后，再进入压缩机进行加压，显著地降低了压缩机自身耗电量，提高了发电系统的发电量和发电效率。This method uses the stored liquid air as the power generation working medium during the peak power consumption period to drive the power generation cycle, avoids the high power consumption of the compressor itself in the power generation cycle, and can significantly improve the total power generation of the power generation system during the peak power consumption period. and power generation efficiency, thereby improving the peak shaving capacity of the power generation system. The high-grade cold energy released by the liquid air in the peak period of electricity consumption is recovered and stored, and in the trough period of electricity consumption, the stored cold energy is used to cool the ambient air and then enter the compressor for pressurization, which significantly reduces the energy consumption. The power consumption of the compressor itself improves the power generation capacity and power generation efficiency of the power generation system.
具体地，所述液态空气存储装置中液态空气的来源为空分厂中多余的液态空气产品，或者利用可再生能源电站的过剩电力生产的液态空气产品，或者是液态空气储能电站所存储的液态空气。Specifically, the source of the liquid air in the liquid air storage device is the excess liquid air product in the air separation plant, or the liquid air product produced by using the excess power of the renewable energy power station, or the liquid air stored in the liquid air energy storage power station. liquid air.
有益效果beneficial effect
1、本发明发电系统通过合理利用液态空气和液态空气的高品质冷能，在用电高峰时段无需使用压缩机，在用电低谷时段也可有效地降低压缩机的自身耗功，显著提高了各时段内，发电系统的净发电量和发电效率。1. The power generation system of the present invention does not need to use the compressor during the peak period of electricity consumption by rationally utilizing the high-quality cooling energy of liquid air and liquid air, and can effectively reduce the power consumption of the compressor itself during the period of low electricity consumption, which significantly improves the power consumption of the compressor. The net power generation and power generation efficiency of the power generation system in each period.
2、本发明发电系统通过使用液态空气作为发电工质以提高发电系统在用电高峰时段的净发电量，无需为应对短期的高峰用电需求而提高发电机组的装机容量，提高了发电系统的调峰能力，并节约了发电系统的投资成本。2. The power generation system of the present invention uses liquid air as the power generation working medium to increase the net power generation of the power generation system during the peak period of electricity consumption, and does not need to increase the installed capacity of the generator set in response to the short-term peak power demand, thereby improving the power generation system. Peak shaving capacity and save the investment cost of the power generation system.
3、本发明发电系统中的液态空气来源于空分厂的过剩液态产品，或利用可再生能源过剩电力生产所得，或液态空气储能厂所存储的液态空气；利用液态空气所生产的电能将用于高峰时段供电，电价高，可产生较好的经济效益；为利用液态空气实现燃气发电循环和燃气、蒸汽联合发电循环的能效提升提供了一种可行的方法与方案。3. The liquid air in the power generation system of the present invention comes from the surplus liquid products of the air separation plant, or the surplus electricity produced by the use of renewable energy, or the liquid air stored in the liquid air energy storage plant; the electric energy produced by using the liquid air will It is used for power supply during peak hours, and the electricity price is high, which can produce good economic benefits; it provides a feasible method and scheme for using liquid air to realize the energy efficiency improvement of gas power generation cycle and gas-steam combined power generation cycle.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做更进一步的具体说明，本发明的上述和/或其他方面的优点将会变得更加清楚。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the advantages of the above-mentioned and/or other aspects of the present invention will become clearer.
图1为本发明基于液态空气的发电系统的整体结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the liquid air-based power generation system of the present invention.
图2为本发明基于液态空气的发电系统采用第一种运行模式进行发电的原理图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the liquid air-based power generation system of the present invention using the first operation mode to generate power.
图3为本发明基于液态空气的发电系统采用第二种运行模式进行发电的原理图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the second operation mode of the liquid air-based power generation system of the present invention to generate power.
图4为采用第一种运行模式进行发电在不同压缩比下的发电比功。Figure 4 shows the specific power of power generation under different compression ratios using the first operating mode.
图5为采用第一种运行模式进行发电在不同压缩比下的热效率。Figure 5 shows the thermal efficiency of power generation using the first operating mode under different compression ratios.
图6为采用第二种运行模式进行发电在不同压缩比下的发电比功。Figure 6 shows the specific power of power generation under different compression ratios using the second operating mode.
图7为采用第二种运行模式进行发电在不同压缩比下的热效率。Fig. 7 shows the thermal efficiency of power generation using the second operation mode under different compression ratios.
其中，各附图标记分别代表：液态空气处理单元100，液态空气存储装置101，深冷泵102，冷能存储单元103，燃气轮机发电单元200，空气压缩机组201，第一气体三通阀202，第二气体三通阀203，回热器204，第三气体三通阀205，燃烧室206，燃气透平207，第四气体三通阀208，蒸汽轮机发电单元300，余热锅炉301，给水泵302，凝汽器303，蒸汽透平304。Wherein, each reference sign represents: liquid air processing unit 100, liquid air storage device 101, cryogenic pump 102, cold energy storage unit 103, gas turbine power generation unit 200, air compressor unit 201, first gas three-way valve 202, The second gas three-way valve 203, the regenerator 204, the third gas three-way valve 205, the combustion chamber 206, the gas turbine 207, the fourth gas three-way valve 208, the steam turbine power generation unit 300, the waste heat boiler 301, the feed water pump 302, condenser 303, steam turbine 304.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention
在根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。The present invention can be better understood in light of the following examples.
说明书附图所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容所能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“中间”等用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings in the description are only used to cooperate with the contents disclosed in the description, so as to be understood and read by those who are familiar with the technology, and are not used to limit the conditions for the implementation of the present invention. The technical substantive significance, any modification of the structure, the change of the proportional relationship or the adjustment of the size, should still fall within the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effect that the present invention can produce and the purpose that can be achieved. within the range that can be covered. Meanwhile, terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear" and "middle" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and clarity, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. , the change or adjustment of the relative relationship, without substantial change of the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明基于液态空气的发电系统包括液态空气处理单元100，燃气轮机发电单元200和蒸汽轮机发电单元300。As shown in FIG. 1 , the liquid air-based power generation system of the present invention includes a liquid air processing unit 100 , a gas turbine power generation unit 200 and a steam turbine power generation unit 300 .
其中，液态空气处理单元100包括：液态空气存储装置101，深冷泵102，高品位冷能存储单元103；液态空气存储装置101具有下部输出端；深冷泵102的上部输入端与液态空气存储装置101的下部输出端连接；高品位冷能存储单元103的左上侧输入端与深冷泵102的下部输出端连接，高品位冷能存储单元103的下部输入端连接环境空气。The liquid air processing unit 100 includes: a liquid air storage device 101, a cryogenic pump 102, and a high-grade cold energy storage unit 103; the liquid air storage device 101 has a lower output end; the upper input end of the cryogenic pump 102 is connected to the liquid air storage unit The lower output end of the device 101 is connected; the upper left input end of the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103 is connected to the lower output end of the cryogenic pump 102, and the lower input end of the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103 is connected to ambient air.
燃气轮机发电单元200包括：空气压缩机组201，第一气体三通阀202，第二气体三通阀203，回热器204，第三气体三通阀205，燃烧室206，燃气透平207，第四气体三通阀208；空气压缩机组201的左侧输入端与高品位冷能存储单元103上部输出端连接；第一气体三通阀202的左侧输入端与空气压缩机组201的右侧输出端连接，第一气体三通阀202的下部输入端与高品位冷能存储单元103的右上侧输出端连接；第二气体三通阀203的左侧输入端与第一气体三通阀202的右侧输出端连接；回热器204的左侧输入端与第二气体三通阀203的下部输出端连接，回热器204的上部输出端为尾气排放口；第三气体三通阀205的下部输入端与回热器204的右侧输出端连接，第三气体三通阀205的左侧输入端与第二气体三通阀203的右侧输出端连接；燃烧室206的左侧输入端与第三气体三通阀205的右侧输出端连接，燃烧室206的下部输入端用于向燃烧室206内输送燃料；燃气透平207的左侧输入端与燃烧室206的右侧输出端连接；第四气体三通阀208的左侧输入端与燃气透平207的右侧输出端连接，第四气体三通阀208的下部输出端与回热器204的下部输入端连接。The gas turbine power generation unit 200 includes: an air compressor unit 201, a first gas three-way valve 202, a second gas three-way valve 203, a regenerator 204, a third gas three-way valve 205, a combustion chamber 206, a gas turbine 207, Four-gas three-way valve 208; the left input end of the air compressor unit 201 is connected to the upper output end of the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103; the left input end of the first gas three-way valve 202 is connected to the right output end of the air compressor unit 201 The lower input end of the first gas three-way valve 202 is connected to the upper right output end of the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103; the left input end of the second gas three-way valve 203 is connected to the output end of the first gas three-way valve 202 The right output end is connected; the left input end of the regenerator 204 is connected with the lower output end of the second gas three-way valve 203, and the upper output end of the regenerator 204 is the exhaust gas discharge port; The lower input end is connected to the right output end of the regenerator 204, the left input end of the third gas three-way valve 205 is connected to the right output end of the second gas three-way valve 203; the left input end of the combustion chamber 206 Connected to the right output end of the third gas three-way valve 205, the lower input end of the combustion chamber 206 is used to deliver fuel to the combustion chamber 206; the left input end of the gas turbine 207 and the right output end of the combustion chamber 206 Connection; the left input end of the fourth gas three-way valve 208 is connected to the right output end of the gas turbine 207 , and the lower output end of the fourth gas three-way valve 208 is connected to the lower input end of the regenerator 204 .
蒸汽轮机发电单元300包括：余热锅炉301，给水泵302，凝汽器303，蒸汽透平304；余热锅炉301的左侧输入端与第四气体三通阀208的右侧输出端连接，余热锅炉301的右侧输出端为尾气排放口；给水泵302的左侧输出端与余热锅炉301的上部输入端连接；凝汽器303的上部输出端与给水泵302的右侧输入端连接；蒸汽透平304的右侧输出端与凝汽器303的下部输入端连接，蒸汽透平304的左侧输入端与余热锅炉301的下部输出端连接。The steam turbine power generation unit 300 includes: a waste heat boiler 301, a feed pump 302, a condenser 303, and a steam turbine 304; the left input end of the waste heat boiler 301 is connected to the right output end of the fourth gas three-way valve 208, and the waste heat boiler The right output end of 301 is the exhaust gas discharge port; the left output end of the feed water pump 302 is connected with the upper input end of the waste heat boiler 301; the upper output end of the condenser 303 is connected with the right input end of the feed water pump 302; The right output end of the flat 304 is connected to the lower input end of the condenser 303 , and the left input end of the steam turbine 304 is connected to the lower output end of the waste heat boiler 301 .
其中，冷能存储单元103由一级以上的冷能存储子单元串联而成，各级子单元采用潜热、显热或热化学储能材料进行存储，且各级子单元均采用保温材料隔热；储能材料与流体工质采用非接触式或直接接触式换热。空气压缩机组201由一级以上的多个压缩机组成；所述的燃气透平207由一级以上的多个透平组成；所述的蒸汽透平304由一级以上的多个透平组成。Among them, the cold energy storage unit 103 is formed by connecting more than one level of cold energy storage sub-units in series, the sub-units at all levels use latent heat, sensible heat or thermochemical energy storage materials for storage, and the sub-units at all levels use thermal insulation materials for heat insulation ; Energy storage material and fluid working medium adopt non-contact or direct contact heat exchange. The air compressor group 201 is composed of a plurality of compressors above one stage; the gas turbine 207 is composed of a plurality of turbines above a first stage; the steam turbine 304 is composed of a plurality of turbines above a first stage .
采用上述基于液态空气的发电系统进行发电的方法，包括以下两种运行模式：The method for generating electricity using the above-mentioned liquid air-based power generation system includes the following two operating modes:
如图2所示，第一种模式中，只有燃气轮机发电单元200参与发电，而蒸汽轮机发电单元300不参与发电，具体步骤包括：As shown in FIG. 2 , in the first mode, only the gas turbine power generation unit 200 participates in power generation, while the steam turbine power generation unit 300 does not participate in power generation. The specific steps include:
用电高峰时段，液态空气存储装置101中存储的液态空气经过深冷泵102加压至高压后，进入高品位冷能存储单元103中汽化至接近常温，并同时释放高品位冷能并存储在高品位冷能存储单元103中；汽化后的空气经过第一气体三通阀202和第二气体三通阀203进入回热器204中被高温尾气预热后，通过第三气体三通阀205进入燃烧室206，在燃烧室206中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平207膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀208进入回热器204中预热空气后降温并排向大气；During the peak period of electricity consumption, the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage device 101 is pressurized to a high pressure by the cryogenic pump 102, and then enters the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103 to be vaporized to near normal temperature, and at the same time, the high-grade cold energy is released and stored in the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103. In the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103; the vaporized air enters the regenerator 204 through the first gas three-way valve 202 and the second gas three-way valve 203 and is preheated by the high-temperature exhaust gas, and passes through the third gas three-way valve 205. Enter the combustion chamber 206, add fuel to the combustion chamber 206 for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine 207 for expansion and work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the regenerator 204 through the fourth gas three-way valve 208 to preheat the air in the regenerator 204 After cooling down and discharging to the atmosphere;
在用电低谷时段，环境空气进入高品位冷能存储单元103，被存储的高品位冷能降温冷却后，进入空气压缩机组201加压至高压；高压空气经过第一气体三通阀202和第二气体三通阀203进入回热器204中被高温尾气预热后，通过第三气体三通阀205进入燃烧室206，在燃烧室206中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平207膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀208进入回热器204中预热空气后降温并排向大气。During the low power consumption period, ambient air enters the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103, and after being cooled and cooled by the stored high-grade cold energy, it enters the air compressor unit 201 to be pressurized to high pressure; the high-pressure air passes through the first gas three-way valve 202 and the third After the two-gas three-way valve 203 enters the regenerator 204 and is preheated by the high-temperature exhaust gas, it enters the combustion chamber 206 through the third gas three-way valve 205, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber 206 for combustion and heating; The flat 207 expands to do work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the regenerator 204 through the fourth gas three-way valve 208 to preheat the air, cool it down, and discharge it to the atmosphere.
如图3所示，第二种模式中，燃气轮机发电单元200和蒸汽轮机发电单元300同时参与发电，具体步骤包括：As shown in FIG. 3 , in the second mode, the gas turbine power generation unit 200 and the steam turbine power generation unit 300 participate in power generation at the same time, and the specific steps include:
用电高峰时段，液态空气存储装置101中存储的液态空气经过深冷泵102加压至高压后，进入高品位冷能存储单元103中汽化至接近常温，并同时释放高品位冷能并存储在高品位冷能存储单元103中；汽化后的空气经过第一气体三通阀202、第二气体三通阀203和第三气体三通阀205直接进入燃烧室206，在燃烧室206中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平207膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀208进入余热锅炉301中释放热量产生高压高温蒸汽；蒸汽进入蒸汽透平304膨胀做功；膨胀后的蒸汽进入凝汽器303中冷凝后，通过给水泵302加压至高压后，重新进入余热锅炉301中被加热至高温蒸汽，完成蒸汽循环；During the peak period of electricity consumption, the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage device 101 is pressurized to a high pressure by the cryogenic pump 102, and then enters the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103 to be vaporized to near normal temperature, and at the same time, the high-grade cold energy is released and stored in the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103. In the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103; the vaporized air directly enters the combustion chamber 206 through the first gas three-way valve 202, the second gas three-way valve 203 and the third gas three-way valve 205, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber 206 Combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine 207 for expansion and work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the waste heat boiler 301 through the fourth gas three-way valve 208 to release heat to generate high-pressure high-temperature steam; the steam enters the steam turbine 304 for expansion and work; After the expanded steam enters the condenser 303 for condensation, it is pressurized to a high pressure by the feed pump 302, and then re-enters the waste heat boiler 301 to be heated to high temperature steam to complete the steam cycle;
在用电低谷时段，环境空气进入高品位冷能存储单元103，被存储的高品位冷能降温冷却后，进入空气压缩机组201加压至高压；高压空气经过第一气体三通阀202、第二气体三通阀203和第三气体三通阀205直接进入燃烧室206，在燃烧室206中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平207膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀208进入余热锅炉301中释放热量产生高压高温蒸汽；蒸汽进入蒸汽透平304膨胀做功；膨胀后的蒸汽进入凝汽器303中冷凝后，通过给水泵302加压至高压后，重新进入余热锅炉301中被加热至高温蒸汽，完成蒸汽循环。During the low power consumption period, ambient air enters the high-grade cold energy storage unit 103, and after being cooled and cooled by the stored high-grade cold energy, it enters the air compressor unit 201 to be pressurized to high pressure; the high-pressure air passes through the first gas three-way valve 202, the third The second gas three-way valve 203 and the third gas three-way valve 205 directly enter the combustion chamber 206, and fuel is added to the combustion chamber 206 for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine 207 for expansion and work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas passes through the first The four-gas three-way valve 208 enters the waste heat boiler 301 to release heat to generate high-pressure and high-temperature steam; the steam enters the steam turbine 304 to expand and perform work; the expanded steam enters the condenser 303 and condenses, and is pressurized to high pressure by the feed pump 302. After re-entering the waste heat boiler 301, it is heated to high temperature steam to complete the steam cycle.
其中，燃烧室206内输送的燃料为甲烷、氢气、氨气、合成气、煤油或其他低热值燃料中的任意一种或两种以上的混合物。液态空气存储装置101中液态空气的来源为空分厂中多余的液态空气产品，或者利用可再生能源电站的过剩电力生产的液态空气产品，或者是液态空气储能电站所存储的液态空气。The fuel delivered in the combustion chamber 206 is any one or a mixture of two or more of methane, hydrogen, ammonia, synthesis gas, kerosene or other low calorific value fuels. The source of the liquid air in the liquid air storage device 101 is the excess liquid air product in the air separation plant, or the liquid air product produced by using the surplus power of the renewable energy power station, or the liquid air stored in the liquid air energy storage power station.
图4为采用第一种运行模式进行发电时，在不同压缩比的情况下，用电低谷时段和用电高峰时段的系统发电比功与传统燃气发电循环的发电比功的对比结果。Figure 4 shows the comparison results of the specific power generation of the system during the low power consumption period and the power consumption peak period and the power generation specific power of the traditional gas power generation cycle under different compression ratios when the first operation mode is used for power generation.
图5为采用第一种运行模式进行发电时，在不同压缩比的情况下，用电低谷时段和用电高峰时段的系统热效率与传统燃气发电循环的热效率的对比结果。Figure 5 shows the comparison results of the thermal efficiency of the system in the low power consumption period and the power consumption peak period and the thermal efficiency of the traditional gas power generation cycle under different compression ratios when the first operation mode is used for power generation.
采用第一种运行模式适用于只投资建设燃气透平的小规模发电站的情况，燃气透平出口的高温尾气将进入回热器用于预热进入燃烧室前的空气。为了进一步说明本发明发电系统的优势，对第一种运行模式进行了模拟计算，系统性能参数如表1所示。在该工况下系统发电比功相比于传统的燃气发电循环可提高78％-115％，系统热效率相比于传统的燃气发电循环可提高78％-115％。The first operation mode is suitable for small-scale power plants that only invest in the construction of gas turbines. The high-temperature exhaust gas from the gas turbine outlet will enter the regenerator to preheat the air before entering the combustion chamber. In order to further illustrate the advantages of the power generation system of the present invention, the first operation mode is simulated and calculated, and the system performance parameters are shown in Table 1. Under this condition, the specific power of the system can be increased by 78%-115% compared with the traditional gas-fired power generation cycle, and the thermal efficiency of the system can be increased by 78%-115% compared with the traditional gas-fired power generation cycle.
表1Table 1
Figure 298824dest_path_image001
Figure 298824dest_path_image001
图6为采用第二种运行模式进行发电时，在不同压缩比的情况下，用电低谷时段和用电高峰时段的系统发电比功与传统燃气、蒸汽联合发电循环的发电比功对比结果。Figure 6 shows the comparison results of the specific power generation of the system during the low power consumption period and the power consumption peak period and the power generation specific power of the traditional gas-steam combined power generation cycle under different compression ratios when the second operation mode is used for power generation.
图7为采用第二种运行模式进行发电时，在不同压缩比的情况下，用电低谷时段和用电高峰时段的系统热效率与传统燃气、蒸汽联合发电循环的热效率的对比结果。Figure 7 shows the comparison results of the thermal efficiency of the system during the low power consumption period and the power consumption peak period and the thermal efficiency of the traditional gas-steam combined power generation cycle under different compression ratios when the second operation mode is used for power generation.
采用第二种运行模式适用于投资建设燃气透平和蒸汽透平联合发电的大规模发电站的情况，燃气透平出口的高温尾气将进入余热锅炉用于产生高温蒸汽，供蒸汽透平发电使用。为了进一步说明本发明发电系统的优势，对第二种运行模式进行了模拟计算，系统性能参数如表2所示。在该工况下系统发电比功相比于传统的燃气、蒸汽联合发电循环可提高49％-73％，系统热效率相比于传统的燃气、蒸汽联合发电循可提高7％-29％。The second operation mode is suitable for the investment and construction of large-scale power stations with combined power generation of gas turbine and steam turbine. The high temperature exhaust gas from the gas turbine outlet will enter the waste heat boiler to generate high temperature steam for the steam turbine to generate electricity. In order to further illustrate the advantages of the power generation system of the present invention, the second operation mode is simulated and calculated, and the system performance parameters are shown in Table 2. Under this condition, the specific power generation of the system can be increased by 49%-73% compared with the traditional gas-steam combined power generation cycle, and the thermal efficiency of the system can be increased by 7%-29% compared with the traditional gas-steam combined power generation cycle.
表2Table 2
Figure 202583dest_path_image002
Figure 202583dest_path_image002
本发明提供了一种基于液态空气的发电系统及方法的思路及方法，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。The present invention provides an idea and method for a power generation system and method based on liquid air. There are many specific methods and approaches for realizing the technical solution. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented by existing technologies.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于液态空气的发电系统，其特征在于，包括液态空气处理单元(100)和燃气轮机发电单元(200)；A liquid air-based power generation system, characterized by comprising a liquid air processing unit (100) and a gas turbine power generation unit (200);
    其中，液态空气处理单元(100)包括：Wherein, the liquid air processing unit (100) includes:
    液态空气存储装置(101)，所述液态空气存储装置(101)从外部接受和存储液态空气，并具有下部输出端；a liquid air storage device (101), the liquid air storage device (101) receiving and storing liquid air from the outside, and having a lower output end;
    深冷泵(102)，所述深冷泵(102)的上部输入端与所述液态空气存储装置(101)的下部输出端连接；a cryogenic pump (102), the upper input end of the cryogenic pump (102) is connected to the lower output end of the liquid air storage device (101);
    冷能存储单元(103)，所述冷能存储单元(103)的左上侧输入端与所述深冷泵(102)的下部输出端连接；冷能存储单元(103)的下部输入端连接经过处理过的环境空气；A cold energy storage unit (103), the upper left input end of the cold energy storage unit (103) is connected with the lower output end of the cryogenic pump (102); the lower input end of the cold energy storage unit (103) is connected through treated ambient air;
    燃气轮机发电单元(200)包括：The gas turbine power generation unit (200) includes:
    空气压缩机组(201)，所述空气压缩机组(201)的左侧输入端与所述冷能存储单元(103)上部输出端连接；an air compressor unit (201), the left input end of the air compressor unit (201) is connected to the upper output end of the cold energy storage unit (103);
    第一气体三通阀(202)，所述第一气体三通阀(202)的左侧输入端与所述空气压缩机组(201)的右侧输出端连接；第一气体三通阀(202)的下部输入端与所述冷能存储单元(103)的右上侧输出端连接；a first gas three-way valve (202), the left input end of the first gas three-way valve (202) is connected to the right output end of the air compressor unit (201); the first gas three-way valve (202) ) is connected to the upper right output end of the cold energy storage unit (103);
    第二气体三通阀(203)，所述第二气体三通阀(203)的左侧输入端与所述第一气体三通阀(202)的右侧输出端连接；A second gas three-way valve (203), the left input end of the second gas three-way valve (203) is connected to the right output end of the first gas three-way valve (202);
    回热器(204)，所述回热器(204)的左侧输入端与所述第二气体三通阀(203)的下部输出端连接；回热器(204)的上部输出端为尾气排放口；A regenerator (204), the left input end of the regenerator (204) is connected to the lower output end of the second gas three-way valve (203); the upper output end of the regenerator (204) is the exhaust gas exhaustion hole;
    第三气体三通阀(205)，所述第三气体三通阀(205)的下部输入端与所述回热器(204)的右侧输出端连接；第三气体三通阀(205)的左侧输入端与所述第二气体三通阀(203)的右侧输出端连接；A third gas three-way valve (205), the lower input end of the third gas three-way valve (205) is connected to the right output end of the regenerator (204); the third gas three-way valve (205) The left input end of the gas is connected to the right output end of the second gas three-way valve (203);
    燃烧室(206)，所述燃烧室(206)的左侧输入端与所述第三气体三通阀(205)的右侧输出端连接；燃烧室(206)的下部输入端用于向燃烧室(206)内输送燃料；A combustion chamber (206), the left input end of the combustion chamber (206) is connected with the right output end of the third gas three-way valve (205); the lower input end of the combustion chamber (206) is used for combustion delivering fuel within the chamber (206);
    燃气透平(207)，所述燃气透平(207)的左侧输入端与所述燃烧室(206)的右侧输出端连接；a gas turbine (207), the left input end of the gas turbine (207) is connected to the right output end of the combustion chamber (206);
    第四气体三通阀(208)，所述第四气体三通阀(208)的左侧输入端与所述燃气透平(207)的右侧输出端连接；第四气体三通阀(208)的下部输出端与所述回热器(204)的下部输入端连接。a fourth gas three-way valve (208), the left input end of the fourth gas three-way valve (208) is connected to the right output end of the gas turbine (207); the fourth gas three-way valve (208) The lower output end of ) is connected to the lower input end of the regenerator (204).
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于液态空气的发电系统，其特征在于，还包括蒸汽轮机发电单元(300)，所述的蒸汽轮机发电单元(300)包括：The liquid air-based power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising a steam turbine power generation unit (300), wherein the steam turbine power generation unit (300) includes:
    余热锅炉(301)，所述余热锅炉(301)的左侧输入端与所述第四气体三通阀(208)的右侧输出端连接；余热锅炉(301)的右侧输出端为尾气排放口；A waste heat boiler (301), the left input end of the waste heat boiler (301) is connected to the right output end of the fourth gas three-way valve (208); the right output end of the waste heat boiler (301) is exhaust gas discharge mouth;
    给水泵(302)，所述给水泵(302)的左侧输出端与所述余热锅炉(301)的上部输入端连接；a feed water pump (302), the left output end of the feed water pump (302) is connected to the upper input end of the waste heat boiler (301);
    凝汽器(303)，所述凝汽器(303)的上部输出端与所述给水泵(302)的右侧输入端连接；a condenser (303), the upper output end of the condenser (303) is connected to the right input end of the feed water pump (302);
    蒸汽透平(304)，所述蒸汽透平(304)的右侧输出端与所述凝汽器(303)的下部输入端连接；蒸汽透平(304)的左侧输入端与所述余热锅炉(301)的下部输出端连接。A steam turbine (304), the right output end of the steam turbine (304) is connected to the lower input end of the condenser (303); the left input end of the steam turbine (304) is connected to the waste heat The lower output of the boiler (301) is connected.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于液态空气的发电系统，其特征在于，所述的冷能存储单元(103)由一级以上的冷能存储子单元串联而成，各级子单元采用潜热、显热或热化学储能材料进行存储，且各级子单元均采用保温材料隔热；储能材料与流体工质采用非接触式或直接接触式换热。The power generation system based on liquid air according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the cold energy storage unit (103) is composed of more than one level of cold energy storage sub-units connected in series, and the sub-units of each level use latent heat , sensible heat or thermochemical energy storage materials for storage, and all sub-units at all levels use thermal insulation materials for heat insulation; energy storage materials and fluid working medium adopt non-contact or direct contact heat exchange.
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于液态空气的发电系统，其特征在于，所述的空气压缩机组(201)由一级以上的多个压缩机组成；所述的燃气透平(207)由一级以上的多个透平组成。The power generation system based on liquid air according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the air compressor group (201) is composed of a plurality of compressors with more than one stage; the gas turbine (207) is composed of It is composed of multiple turbines above one level.
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的基于液态空气的发电系统，其特征在于，所述的蒸汽透平(304)由一级以上的多个透平组成。The power generation system based on liquid air according to claim 2, characterized in that, the steam turbine (304) is composed of a plurality of turbines with one or more stages.
  6. 在、根据权利要求1或2所述的基于液态空气的发电系统，其特征在于，所述燃烧室(206)内输送的燃料为甲烷、氢气、氨气、合成气、煤油中的任意一种或两种以上的混合物。The power generation system based on liquid air according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the fuel transported in the combustion chamber (206) is any one of methane, hydrogen, ammonia, synthesis gas, and kerosene or a mixture of two or more.
  7. 权利要求1所述基于液态空气的发电系统进行发电的方法，其特征在于：The method for generating electricity based on the liquid air-based power generation system of claim 1, wherein:
    用电高峰时段，液态空气存储装置(101)中存储的液态空气经过深冷泵(102)加压至高压后，进入冷能存储单元(103)中汽化至接近常温，并同时释放冷能并存储在冷能存储单元(103)中；汽化后的空气经过第一气体三通阀(202)和第二气体三通阀(203)进入回热器(204)中被燃气轮机高温尾气预热后，通过第三气体三通阀(205)进入燃烧室(206)，在燃烧室(206)中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平(207)膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀(208)进入回热器(204)中预热空气后降温并排向大气；During peak hours of electricity consumption, the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage device (101) is pressurized to a high pressure by a cryogenic pump (102), and then enters the cold energy storage unit (103) to be vaporized to near normal temperature, and simultaneously releases cold energy and Stored in the cold energy storage unit (103); the vaporized air enters the regenerator (204) through the first gas three-way valve (202) and the second gas three-way valve (203) and is preheated by the high-temperature exhaust gas of the gas turbine , enter the combustion chamber (206) through the third gas three-way valve (205), and add fuel to the combustion chamber (206) for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine (207) for expansion and work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas Entering into the regenerator (204) through the fourth gas three-way valve (208) to preheat the air, cool it down, and discharge it to the atmosphere;
    在用电低谷时段，环境空气进入冷能存储单元(103)，被存储的冷能降温冷却后，进入空气压缩机组(201)加压至高压；高压空气经过第一气体三通阀(202)和第二气体三通阀(203)进入回热器(204)中被高温尾气预热后，通过第三气体三通阀(205)进入燃烧室(206)，在燃烧室(206)中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平(207)膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀(208)进入回热器(204)中预热空气后降温并排向大气。During the low electricity consumption period, ambient air enters the cold energy storage unit (103), and after being cooled by the stored cold energy, enters the air compressor unit (201) to be pressurized to high pressure; the high pressure air passes through the first gas three-way valve (202) After entering the regenerator (204) with the second gas three-way valve (203) and being preheated by the high-temperature exhaust gas, it enters the combustion chamber (206) through the third gas three-way valve (205), and is added to the combustion chamber (206). The fuel is burned and heated; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine (207) for expansion and work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the regenerator (204) through the fourth gas three-way valve (208) to preheat the air, cool down and discharge to the atmosphere .
  8. 权利要求2所述基于液态空气的发电系统进行发电的方法，其特征在于：The method for generating electricity based on the liquid air-based power generation system of claim 2, characterized in that:
    用电高峰时段，液态空气存储装置(101)中存储的液态空气经过深冷泵(102)加压至高压后，进入冷能存储单元(103)中汽化至接近常温，并同时释放冷能并存储在冷能存储单元(103)中；汽化后的空气经过第一气体三通阀(202)、第二气体三通阀(203)和第三气体三通阀(205)直接进入燃烧室(206)，在燃烧室(206)中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平(207)膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀(208)进入余热锅炉(301)中释放热量产生高压高温蒸汽；蒸汽进入蒸汽透平(304)膨胀做功；膨胀后的蒸汽进入凝汽器(303)中冷凝后，通过给水泵(302)加压至高压后，重新进入余热锅炉(301)中被加热至高温蒸汽，完成蒸汽循环；During peak hours of electricity consumption, the liquid air stored in the liquid air storage device (101) is pressurized to a high pressure by a cryogenic pump (102), and then enters the cold energy storage unit (103) to be vaporized to near normal temperature, and simultaneously releases cold energy and stored in the cold energy storage unit (103); the vaporized air directly enters the combustion chamber (202), the second gas three-way valve (203) and the third gas three-way valve (205) 206), adding fuel to the combustion chamber (206) for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine (207) for expansion and work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the waste heat boiler (301) through the fourth gas three-way valve (208) ) to release heat in high-pressure and high-temperature steam; the steam enters the steam turbine (304) to expand and do work; after the expanded steam enters the condenser (303) for condensation, it is pressurized to high pressure by the feed pump (302), and then enters the waste heat again. The boiler (301) is heated to high temperature steam to complete the steam cycle;
    在用电低谷时段，环境空气进入冷能存储单元(103)，被存储的冷能降温冷却后，进入空气压缩机组(201)加压至高压；高压空气经过第一气体三通阀(202)、第二气体三通阀(203)和第三气体三通阀(205)直接进入燃烧室(206)，在燃烧室(206)中加入燃料燃烧加热；加热后的高温燃气进入燃气透平(207)膨胀做功；膨胀后的高温尾气通过第四气体三通阀(208)进入余热锅炉(301)中释放热量产生高压高温蒸汽；蒸汽进入蒸汽透平(304)膨胀做功；膨胀后的蒸汽进入凝汽器(303)中冷凝后，通过给水泵(302)加压至高压后，重新进入余热锅炉(301)中被加热至高温蒸汽，完成蒸汽循环。During the low electricity consumption period, ambient air enters the cold energy storage unit (103), and after being cooled by the stored cold energy, enters the air compressor unit (201) to be pressurized to high pressure; the high pressure air passes through the first gas three-way valve (202) , the second gas three-way valve (203) and the third gas three-way valve (205) directly enter the combustion chamber (206), and fuel is added to the combustion chamber (206) for combustion and heating; the heated high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine (206). 207) Expansion does work; the expanded high-temperature exhaust gas enters the waste heat boiler (301) through the fourth gas three-way valve (208) to release heat to generate high-pressure high-temperature steam; the steam enters the steam turbine (304) for expansion and work; the expanded steam enters After condensing in the condenser (303), it is pressurized to high pressure by the feed water pump (302), and then re-entered into the waste heat boiler (301) to be heated to high temperature steam to complete the steam cycle.
  9. 在根据权利要求7或8所述基于液态空气的发电系统进行发电的方法，其特征在于：所述液态空气存储装置(101)中液态空气的来源为空分厂中多余的液态空气产品，或者利用可再生能源电站的过剩电力生产的液态空气产品，或者是液态空气储能电站所存储的液态空气。The method for generating electricity according to the liquid air-based power generation system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: the source of the liquid air in the liquid air storage device (101) is the excess liquid air product in the air separation plant, or Liquid air products produced using excess electricity from renewable energy power plants, or liquid air stored in liquid air energy storage power plants.
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