WO2022108322A1

WO2022108322A1 - Composite thermal insulation apparatus for fluid tank

Info

Publication number: WO2022108322A1
Application number: PCT/KR2021/016851
Authority: WO
Inventors: 장대준; 박현준; 김정욱
Original assignee: 한국과학기술원
Priority date: 2020-11-20
Filing date: 2021-11-17
Publication date: 2022-05-27
Also published as: KR20220069228A; KR102426395B9; KR102426395B1

Abstract

The present invention provides a composite thermal insulation apparatus for a fluid tank, the apparatus comprising: a tank body for storing a fluid; a thermal insulation layer forming a double structure composed of a first thermal insulation material and second thermal insulation material that are different thermal insulation materials, and surrounding the outer skin of the tank body; and a vacuum jacket surrounding the thermal insulation layer to keep the inside in a vacuum state and airtight with respect to the outside. According to the composite thermal insulation apparatus for the fluid tank of the present invention, the thermal insulation layer formed between the outer skin of the tank body and the vacuum jacket is made of different thermal insulation materials having, respectively, high mechanical robustness and low thermal conductivity, thus having the effect of increasing structural rigidity while increasing thermal insulation performance. In addition, by forming the basic framework with the thermal insulation material having high mechanical robustness and filling the inside with various structures of the thermal insulation material having low thermal conductivity, the thermal insulation layer can be flexibly constructed according to the purpose and environment of use.

Description

Composite insulation of fluid tank

The present invention relates to a composite insulation device for a fluid tank capable of insulating a tank containing a cryogenic fluid.

Tanks for storing cryogenic fluids such as liquefied natural gas and liquid hydrogen must be made of materials that can prevent damage and breakage caused by cryogenic fluids, as well as be able to respond to stress and shrinkage caused by heat, and heat from the outside. It should be constructed with an insulated structure to prevent intrusion.

To this end, the conventional tank is formed such that an insulating material layer made of an insulating material surrounds the outside of the tank in which the cryogenic fluid is accommodated, and an outer wall is formed on the outside of the insulating material layer, thereby fixing the position of the insulating material and maintaining airtightness from the outside. , to prevent damage from the outside.

At this time, the gas or moisture remaining inside the insulation layer may be cooled, which deteriorates the insulation performance of the insulation material constituting the insulation layer. To prevent this, dry air can be filled, but in the case of liquefied hydrogen having a boiling temperature of -250 degrees below zero, oxygen and nitrogen of the dry air filled inside are liquefied and condensed near the surface of the liquid hydrogen tank, so that will degrade performance.

In addition, since the heat insulating material layer is located on the outer surface of the tank, it may receive cold damage from the cryogenic fluid accommodated in the tank, which also deteriorates the performance of the heat insulating material.

In addition, when the insulation used for the insulation layer is used as a single material, the thermal conductivity of the insulation material itself causes continuous evaporation of the fluid stored in the tank, and causes the pressure inside the storage tank to rise, thereby shortening the storage period of the cryogenic fluid. do.

As a related prior document, there is Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0116584 (published on October 19, 2017), which describes an insulated tank for storing low-temperature liquefied gas.

An object of the present invention is to provide a composite insulation device for a fluid tank that can reduce the evaporation of stored fluid and relieve pressure increase in the tank by composing the insulation layer of the fluid tank in a dual structure in which two types of insulation materials are mixed. will do

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a tank body for storing a fluid; a heat insulating layer forming a double structure with first and second heat insulating materials of different heat insulating materials, and enclosing the outer skin of the tank body; and a vacuum jacket surrounding the heat insulating layer to maintain airtightness with the outside by maintaining the inside in a vacuum; It provides a composite insulation device for a fluid tank comprising a.

In addition, the heat insulation layer provides a composite insulation device for a fluid tank in which the first insulation material and the second insulation material are disposed to cross each other at regular intervals while in contact with both the outer shell and the vacuum jacket.

In addition, the heat insulating layer is composed of the first insulating material, and forms a vertical passage communicating between the outer skin and the vacuum jacket inside and a horizontal passage traversing the vertical passage, and the vertical passage and the horizontal passage are the second Provided is a composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank filled with an insulating material.

In addition, in the heat insulating layer, the first heat insulating material forms a support structure that contacts both the outer shell and the vacuum jacket but has a space therein, and the second heat insulating material fills the inner space of the first heat insulating material. Insulation is provided.

In addition, the heat insulating layer, but composed of the first insulating material, provides a composite thermal insulation device of the fluid tank filling the inside of the first insulating material with the second insulating material to a predetermined thickness.

In addition, the heat insulating layer is configured so that the first heat insulating material is in contact with both the outer shell and the vacuum jacket, a plurality of holes are formed therein, and the second heat insulating material is filled in the holes. .

In addition, the vacuum jacket includes a smooth part formed of a flat plate spaced apart from each other while surrounding the outer surface of the heat insulating layer, and a deformable joint connected between the smooth parts and formed of a stretchable material. A composite insulation device for a fluid tank. to provide.

In addition, there is provided a composite insulation device for the fluid tank further comprising an external vacuum jacket surrounding the outside of the vacuum jacket.

In addition, the vacuum jacket and the external vacuum jacket provide a composite insulation device for a fluid tank having a vacuum space independent of each other with a spacer interposed therebetween.

The composite thermal insulation device of a fluid tank according to the present invention comprises a thermal insulation layer formed between the outer shell of the tank body and the vacuum jacket of different thermal insulation materials with high mechanical robustness and low thermal conductivity, thereby increasing thermal insulation performance and structural rigidity. can have an effect.

In addition, there is an effect that the insulation layer can be flexibly constructed according to the purpose of use and the environment by filling the insulation material with low thermal conductivity in various structures while forming the basic skeleton of the insulation material with high mechanical robustness.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a first embodiment of the insulating layer in the composite thermal insulation device of a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a second embodiment of the insulating layer in the composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a third embodiment of a heat insulating layer in the composite heat insulating device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a fourth embodiment of the heat insulating layer in the composite heat insulating device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a fifth embodiment of the heat insulating layer in the composite thermal insulation device of a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a perspective view of a composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a cross-sectional view of a composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a cross-sectional view of a composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to another embodiment of the present invention.

In order to fully understand the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments of the present invention may be modified in various forms, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described in detail below. This example is provided to more completely explain the present invention to those of ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, the shape of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated to emphasize a clearer description. It should be noted that in each drawing, the same member is shown with the same reference numerals in some cases. In addition, detailed descriptions of well-known functions and configurations that are determined to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention will be omitted.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a first embodiment of the insulating layer in the composite thermal insulation device of a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a second embodiment of the insulating layer in the composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a third embodiment of a heat insulating layer in the composite heat insulating device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention. 5 is a fourth embodiment of the heat insulating layer in the composite heat insulating device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention. 6 is a fifth embodiment of the heat insulating layer in the composite thermal insulation device of a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention. 7 is a perspective view of a composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 1, the composite thermal insulation device of a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention, the tank body 100 for storing the fluid; a heat insulating layer 200 forming a double structure with a first insulating material 210 and a second insulating material 220 of different insulating materials, and enclosing the outer shell 110 of the tank body 100; and a vacuum jacket 300 surrounding the heat insulating layer 200 to maintain airtightness with the outside by maintaining the inside in a vacuum; is made including

The tank body 100 is formed to have a storage space for accommodating the fluid. At this time, various types of fluid accommodated in the tank body 100 are possible, but the composite thermal insulation device of a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention accommodates a cryogenic liquid and is a device capable of performing insulation with the outside. Since the purpose is to provide, the fluid accommodated therein may be cryogenic liquefied natural gas or liquefied hydrogen.

The heat insulating layer 200 is formed to isolate the tank body 100 from the outside through a heat insulating action. The outer shell 110 of the tank body 100 is wrapped to thermally disconnect the tank body 100 from the outside.

The heat insulating layer 200 divides the heat insulator constituting the inside into the first heat insulator 210 and the second heat insulator 220 to form a double structure. The heat insulating layer 200 is generally formed of a single material of heat insulating material, but does not include all of the elements such as mechanical robustness and low thermal conductivity required to configure the heat insulating layer 200 .

Accordingly, the heat insulating layer 200 may be composed of the first heat insulating material 210 and the second heat insulating material 220 of different heat insulating materials. The first insulating material 210 may be formed of a porous polyurethane, which is a material that is basically used for thermal insulation, and has high mechanical robustness. The second insulating material 220 may be formed of glass bubble, pearlite powder, etc., which are powder-type insulating materials, and has low thermal conductivity.

The first insulating material 210 and the second insulating material 220 both use a material having a basic thermal insulation performance, and the second insulating material 220 is formed of an insulating material having lower thermal conductivity than the first insulating material 210. The relatively high thermal conductivity, which is a disadvantage of the first insulator 210 , may be compensated by the second insulator 220 . In addition, since the first heat insulating material 210 has high mechanical robustness that can maintain the heat insulating layer 200, the first heat insulating material 210 and the second heat insulating material 220 can complement each other to increase the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating layer 200. have.

That is, the heat insulation layer 200 withstands the pressure applied to the heat insulation layer 200 due to the pressure difference between the vacuum state of the heat insulation layer 200 and the external atmospheric pressure with the mechanical robustness of the first heat insulation material 210, and from the outside to the tank body 100. The incoming heat can be blocked by the low thermal conductivity of the second insulating material 220 .

The heat insulating layer 200 forms a double structure with the first heat insulating material 210 and the second heat insulating material 220 . The double structure of the first insulating material 210 and the second insulating material 220 may be formed in two or more stages, may form a layer, may form a specific structure. In this case, the first insulating material 210 and the second insulating material 220 may be bonded to each other by bonding with a chemical substance, or may be bonded to each other using a physical fixing bolt or the like. Embodiments of the dual structure of the first insulating material 210 and the second insulating material 220 will be described in detail below.

The vacuum jacket 300 maintains the internal space in which the heat insulating layer 200 is provided at constant vacuum pressure, thereby absorbing the gas or moisture remaining between the heat insulating layers 200 and discharging it to the outside, thereby increasing the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating layer 200. .

In particular, by forming at least a part of the vacuum jacket 300 in a flexible structure that can be contracted or expanded, the outer shell 110 or the heat insulating layer 200 of the tank body 100 responds to the internal space that is deformed according to the contraction or expansion of the outer space. It is desirable to allow the surface to be deformed.

Referring to FIG. 2 , as a first embodiment of the dual structure of the heat insulating layer 200 , the heat insulating layer 200 includes the first insulating material 210 and the second insulating material 220 with the outer shell 110 and The vacuum jacket 300 is disposed to cross each other at regular intervals while in contact with each other.

The heat insulating layer 200 is formed by arranging the first heat insulating material 210 and the second heat insulating material 220 to cross each other at regular intervals. The first insulating material 210 and the second insulating material 220 are configured to be in contact with both the outer shell 110 and the vacuum jacket 300 of the tank body 100, respectively, and are alternately positioned while having a constant thickness.

The heat insulating layer 200 is filled between the tank body 100 and the vacuum jacket 300, and the first heat insulating material 210 and the second heat insulating material 220 are both in contact with the tank body 100 and the vacuum jacket 300, respectively. while forming a parallel structure to each other.

Performance can be adjusted while adjusting the specific gravity of the first insulating material 210 and the second insulating material 220 according to the purpose and environment of use. For example, it can be configured to increase the specific gravity of the second heat insulating material 220 to increase the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating layer 200 .

Referring to FIG. 3, as a second embodiment of the double structure of the heat insulating layer 200, the heat insulating layer 200 is composed of the first heat insulating material 210, but has the outer shell 110 and the vacuum jacket inside ( 300) to form a vertical passage 221 communicating between and a horizontal passage 222 crossing the vertical passage 221, and the vertical passage 221 and the horizontal passage 222 are the second insulating material 220 is filled with

The heat insulating layer 200 forms a frame in which the first heat insulating material 210 has a porous structure. The first insulating material 210 fills the outer shell 110 and the vacuum jacket 300 of the tank body 100, and forms a space having a certain structure therein. The second insulating material 220 is filled in the space formed in the first insulating material 210 .

Specifically, the internal structure of the first insulating material 210 includes a vertical passage 221 that communicates between the outer shell 110 and the vacuum jacket 300 and a horizontal passage 222 that crosses the vertical passage 221 . The vertical passage 221 and the horizontal passage 222 form a passage inside the first insulating material 210 and are orthogonal to each other.

The second insulating material 220 filled in the vertical passage 221 is in contact with both the outer shell 110 and the vacuum jacket 300, and the second insulating material 220 filled in the horizontal passage 222 is the outer shell 110 and The inside of the first insulating material 210 is filled in parallel with the vacuum jacket 300 .

In this case, it is possible to keep the thermal conductivity low by applying the second insulating material 220 to the internal passages formed in the vertical passage 221 and the horizontal passage 222 while maintaining the mechanical robustness of the first insulation material 210 .

Referring to FIG. 4 , as a third embodiment of the double structure of the heat insulating layer 200 , the heat insulating layer 200 , the first heat insulating material 210 includes both the outer shell 110 and the vacuum jacket 300 . A support structure having a space therein is formed, and the second insulating material 220 fills the inner space of the first insulating material 210 .

The heat insulating layer 200 forms a columnar support structure in which the first heat insulating material 210 is in contact with both the outer shell 110 and the vacuum jacket 300 of the tank body 100 but has a certain space therein, and the second heat insulating material 220 fills the inner space of the first insulating material 210 .

Therefore, to form a kind of three-stage structure, the first insulating material 210 is in contact with the outer skin 110 and the vacuum jacket 300, and the inside of the first insulating material 210 in the middle is filled with the second insulating material 220 will be.

The heat insulation layer 200 forms a columnar structure supporting the heat insulation layer 200 with the first insulation material 210 having mechanical robustness, and by filling the second insulation material 220 therein, the thermal conductivity can also be maintained low.

Referring to FIG. 5 , as a fourth embodiment of the dual structure of the heat insulating layer 200 , the heat insulating layer 200 is composed of the first heat insulating material 210 , and the first heat insulating material 210 is disposed inside the first heat insulating material 210 . The second insulating material 220 is filled with a predetermined thickness.

The heat insulating layer 200 has a box-type structure in which the first heat insulating material 210 contacts both the outer shell 110 of the tank body 100 and the vacuum jacket 300 and fills the inside with the second heat insulating material 220 .

The heat insulating layer 200 may be configured as an independent box unit. The heat insulating layer 200 may be configured in the form of collecting individual boxes. The inside of the first insulating material 210 forming the unit box is filled with the second insulating material 220 to a predetermined volume.

Since the heat insulating layer 200 is formed by collecting unit boxes of independent shapes, construction is simple, and the mechanical robustness of the first insulating material 210 and the properties of the low thermal conductivity of the second insulating material 220 can be simultaneously applied.

Referring to FIG. 6 , as a fifth embodiment of the dual structure of the heat insulating layer 200 , the heat insulating layer 200 includes the first heat insulating material 210 and the outer shell 110 and the vacuum jacket 300 . However, a plurality of holes 211 are formed therein, and the second insulating material 220 is filled in the holes 211 .

The heat insulating layer 200 basically forms a basic structure with the first heat insulating material 210 . The first heat insulating material 210 forms the skeleton of the heat insulating layer 200 while in contact with both the outer shell 110 and the vacuum jacket 300 .

And a plurality of holes 211 are formed inside the first insulating material 210 . The hole 211 is formed to elongate the inside of the first insulation material 210 , and the hole 211 is filled with the second insulation material 220 .

Since the heat insulating layer 200 forms a plurality of holes 211 in the first heat insulating material 210, a large amount of the second heat insulating material 220 can be applied, thereby improving the heat insulating performance.

The embodiments of the heat insulating layer 200 described above basically form the first heat insulating material 210 having relatively high mechanical robustness as the basic skeleton of the heat insulating layer 200, and a relatively low level inside the first heat insulating material 210. A structure in which the second insulating material 220 having thermal conductivity is filled is formed.

Since the heat insulating layer 200 can support the external atmospheric pressure and have low thermal conductivity, the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating layer 200 can be maintained high.

In the heat insulating layer 200, the first heat insulating material 210 can prevent the destruction of the vacuum jacket 300 due to the pressure difference between atmospheric pressure and the vacuum of the heat insulating layer 200, and the second heat insulating material 220 having relatively low thermal conductivity. ), it is possible to reduce the heat inflow to the fluid stored in the tank body (100).

Referring to FIG. 7 , the vacuum jacket 300 surrounds the outer surface of the heat insulating layer 200 and is formed between a plurality of smooth portions 310 made of flat plates spaced apart from each other, and the smooth portions 310 , and has a flexible structure. It comprises a deformable joint 320 .

That is, as the inner space of the vacuum jacket 300 contracts or expands, the plurality of smooth parts 310 should contract or expand. As the adjacent deformable joint parts 320 contract or expand, the inside of the vacuum jacket 300 is deformed. can react in response.

The deformable joint 320 made of the elastic polymer may be interposed between the smooth parts 310 and coupled to connect them to seal the vacuum jacket 300 . Accordingly, when the inside of the vacuum jacket 300 is contracted, the deformable joint 320 is compressed so that the spacing between the adjacent plurality of smooth parts 310 is narrowed, thereby responding to the internal deformation of the vacuum jacket 300 .

Referring to FIG. 8 , the composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes a vacuum pump 510 capable of controlling the vacuum pressure inside the vacuum jacket 300 .

A plurality of vacuum pumps 510 may be provided to maintain a vacuum inside the vacuum jacket 300 , and the vacuum jacket 300 connects the inside and the vacuum pump 610 to operate the vacuum pump 510 . It may further include an exhaust pipe 520 and a control valve 530 that opens and closes the exhaust pipe 520 .

In addition, in order to connect the vacuum pump 510 and the inside of the vacuum jacket 300 using the exhaust pipe 520 to maintain the vacuum using the vacuum pump 510 described above, a predetermined space is provided inside the vacuum jacket 300 . It is preferable to further include an internal exhaust portion (not shown) to be formed.

Referring to FIG. 9 , the composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank according to another embodiment of the present invention further includes an external vacuum jacket 400 provided to surround the outer surface of the vacuum jacket 300 , and the vacuum jacket 300 ) and the external vacuum jacket 400 are interposed between the vacuum jacket 300 and the external vacuum jacket 400 to separate the vacuum jacket 300 and the external vacuum jacket 400 by a certain distance, and a spacer 410 provided to withstand the vacuum pressure of the spaced space. is done

At this time, it is preferable that the vacuum jacket 300 and the external vacuum jacket 400 are connected to each exhaust pipe to have an independent vacuum space.

To this end, a vacuum pump 510 , an exhaust pipe 520 , and a control valve 530 for controlling the vacuum pressure inside the vacuum jacket 300 , and an external vacuum for controlling the vacuum pressure inside the outer vacuum jacket 400 . It is preferable to separately form the pump 610 , the external exhaust pipe 620 , and the external control valve 630 .

When the vacuum of the vacuum jacket 300 is lost, the external vacuum jacket 400 maintains a vacuum state for a certain period of time, thereby maintaining stability during the transportation period of the cargo.

As such, in the composite thermal insulation device of a fluid tank according to embodiments of the present invention, the thermal insulation layer formed between the outer skin of the tank body and the vacuum jacket is made of different thermal insulation materials with high mechanical robustness and low thermal conductivity to improve thermal insulation performance. Structural rigidity can be increased while increasing.

In addition, the insulation layer can be flexibly constructed according to the purpose of use and the environment by filling the insulation with low thermal conductivity in various structures while forming the basic skeleton of the insulation material with high mechanical robustness.

The embodiments of the present invention described above are merely exemplary, and those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains will appreciate that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible therefrom. Therefore, it will be well understood that the present invention is not limited to the form mentioned in the above detailed description. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical spirit of the appended claims. It is also to be understood that the present invention covers all modifications, equivalents and substitutions falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

Tank body for storing the fluid;

a heat insulating layer forming a double structure with first and second heat insulating materials of different heat insulating materials, and enclosing the outer skin of the tank body; and

a vacuum jacket surrounding the heat insulating layer to maintain airtightness with the outside by maintaining the inside in a vacuum; second

Composite insulation device of the fluid tank, including.
The method of claim 1,

The insulating layer is

A composite insulation device for a fluid tank in which the first insulation material and the second insulation material are disposed to cross each other at regular intervals while in contact with the outer shell and the vacuum jacket.
The method of claim 1,

The insulating layer is

A fluid tank composed of the first insulating material, and forming a vertical passage communicating between the outer skin and the vacuum jacket inside and a horizontal passage crossing the vertical passage, and the vertical passage and the horizontal passage are filled with the second insulation material of composite insulation.
The method of claim 1,

The insulating layer is

The first insulating material is in contact with both the outer shell and the vacuum jacket, but forms a support structure having a space therein, and the second insulating material is a composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank that fills the inner space of the first insulating material.
The method of claim 1,

The insulating layer is

A composite insulation device for a fluid tank composed of the first insulation material and filling the inside of the first insulation material with the second insulation material to a predetermined thickness.
The method of claim 1,

The insulating layer is

A composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank in which the first insulating material is configured to be in contact with both the outer shell and the vacuum jacket, a plurality of holes are formed therein, and the second insulating material is filled in the holes.
The method of claim 1,

The vacuum jacket is

A smooth part surrounding the outer surface of the heat insulating layer and made of a flat plate spaced apart from each other;

A composite insulation device for a fluid tank including a deformable joint that connects between the smooth parts and is formed of a stretchable material.
The method of claim 1,

A composite thermal insulation device for a fluid tank further comprising an external vacuum jacket surrounding the outside of the vacuum jacket.
9. The method of claim 8,

The vacuum jacket and the external vacuum jacket,

A composite insulation device for a fluid tank having an independent vacuum space with a spacer interposed therebetween.