WO2022101194A1 - Laminated pane comprising a hologram element and an electrochromic functional element - Google Patents

Laminated pane comprising a hologram element and an electrochromic functional element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022101194A1
WO2022101194A1 PCT/EP2021/081103 EP2021081103W WO2022101194A1 WO 2022101194 A1 WO2022101194 A1 WO 2022101194A1 EP 2021081103 W EP2021081103 W EP 2021081103W WO 2022101194 A1 WO2022101194 A1 WO 2022101194A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
hologram element
intermediate layer
laminated
hologram
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/081103
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas GOMER
Andreas Roderburg
Valentin SCHULZ
Heinrich KRONHARDT
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to CN202180004642.7A priority Critical patent/CN114829138A/en
Publication of WO2022101194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022101194A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10513—Electrochromic layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10183—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer being not continuous, e.g. in edge regions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B32B17/10211—Doped dielectric layer, electrically conductive, e.g. SnO2:F
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10605—Type of plasticiser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/22—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using plasticisers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/157—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
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    • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • G02F2201/305—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating diffraction grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
    • G03H2250/37—Enclosing the photosensitive material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite pane, in particular for a holographic head-up display, a method for producing such a composite pane, and the use of such a composite pane.
  • Composite glazing is used in many places today, particularly in vehicle construction.
  • vehicle includes, among other things, road vehicles, aircraft, ships, agricultural machines or also work equipment.
  • Composite panes are also used in other areas. These include, for example, building glazing or information displays, e.g. in museums or as advertising displays.
  • Composite panes are often also used as a display, in particular as a head-up display (HUD), for displaying information.
  • An image is projected onto the laminated glass panes by means of a projection device in order to display information in the viewer's field of vision.
  • the projection device is arranged, for example, on the dashboard so that the projected image is reflected in the direction of the viewer on the closest glass surface of the laminated glass pane inclined towards the viewer (cf. e.g. European Patent EP 0420228 B1 or German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2012 211 729 A1).
  • DE 10 2012 019 506 A1 discloses a laminated pane with a display screen and an electrochromic layer embedded between the two panes of the laminated pane or glued to the inside of the laminated pane.
  • CN 109521570 A discloses a head-up display having a screen with a transflective layer and an electrochromic material.
  • Holograms that are laminated between the panes of a composite pane can be used for head-up displays.
  • the hologram may contain information recorded thereon.
  • the hologram can be activated by means of light emitted by a projector and the information recorded in the hologram can thus be reproduced for the viewer.
  • Head-up displays based on the principle of Holography are disclosed for example in the publications WO 2012/156124 A1, US 2019/0056596 A1, US 10,394,032 B2, US 10,061,069 B2 and US 2015/205138 A1.
  • holograms There are different types of holograms. These include, for example, reflection holograms or holograms that are based on the principle of guiding light waves in the hologram, so-called waveguides or waveguide holograms.
  • the components of the head-up display must always be arranged in a vehicle in such a way that the viewer can see the projected image, which inevitably entails restrictions on the arrangement in the vehicle, since the reflection of light rays on the reflective surface of the vehicle window of the The condition is that the angle of incidence corresponds to the angle of reflection.
  • EP 0 950 913 B1 discloses a device for improving the contrast of the display of a head-up display in a motor vehicle, the windshield being darkly tinted at a certain spatial angle when viewed from the vehicle driver, and the information displayed using a head-up display Information for the vehicle driver is visible in this specific solid angle.
  • the specific solid angle in which the windshield is darkened lies outside the vehicle driver's usual field of vision, which he usually has to see when driving a motor vehicle.
  • the patent DE 4242797 C2 discloses a head-up display system for displaying vehicle information, with a reflective hologram plate with which the display light can be deflected onto the vehicle driver, the hologram plate in the lower area of the Windshield of the vehicle is arranged and on the back of the hologram shielding against penetration of outside light in the hologram dark film or a layer of black ceramic paint is provided.
  • the hologram plate is attached to the lower part of the windscreen.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved laminated pane with a hologram element and a method for its production.
  • the invention relates to a laminated pane at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, a first intermediate layer, a hologram element and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface.
  • the laminated pane has an electrochromic functional element which is arranged in a region of the laminated pane as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane.
  • the hologram element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane
  • the first intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element or between the hologram element and the inner pane.
  • the hologram element is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged in a vertical view through the laminated pane.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside surface, ie an outer surface, and an inside surface, ie an inner surface, and a circumferential side edge running therebetween.
  • the outer surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position.
  • that main surface is designated which is intended to face the interior in the installed position.
  • the inner surface of the outer pane and the outer surface of the inner pane face each other in the laminated pane according to the invention.
  • the surfaces of the glass panes are typically designated as follows:
  • the outside surface of the outer pane is referred to as side I.
  • the surface of the outer pane on the interior side is referred to as side II.
  • the outside surface of the inner pane is referred to as Side III.
  • the interior side surface of the inner pane is referred to as side IV.
  • the inner pane within the meaning of the invention refers to the pane facing the interior (vehicle interior).
  • the outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment.
  • looking through the laminated pane means looking through from the outside environment or looking through from the interior.
  • a reflection hologram or a waveguide hologram that is arranged within a hologram element is referred to as a hologram.
  • the hologram element refers to the holographic medium in which the hologram is contained.
  • the hologram element includes a photosensitive material.
  • a hologram can be recorded in this photosensitive material by exposure to a suitable light source.
  • the material of the hologram element is no longer sensitive to light, since the photosensitive material is changed to such an extent during the process that it is no longer possible to record a hologram.
  • the term hologram element refers to both the unexposed photosensitive material hologram element and the final hologram recorded hologram element.
  • the final hologram element comprises at least one hologram, but preferably several individual holograms.
  • the hologram element comprises a holographic material and can additionally optionally comprise a first substrate layer and/or a second substrate layer.
  • the professional suitable holographic materials are known.
  • Suitable first and second substrate layers are also known to those skilled in the art.
  • the hologram element preferably comprises a photopolymer, dichromated gelatin or silver halides as holographic material.
  • the hologram element comprises a photopolymer as the holographic material
  • the hologram element preferably comprises a first substrate layer and a second substrate layer in addition to the photopolymer, with the photopolymer preferably being arranged between the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer.
  • Hologram elements with a photopolymer arranged between two substrate layers are described, for example, in US 2019/0101865 A1.
  • the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element.
  • the first intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element.
  • the hologram element comprises dichromated gelatin or silver halide as the holographic material and is formed as a coating on the outer surface of the inner pane.
  • the first intermediate layer is arranged between the hologram element and the outer pane.
  • the hologram element comprises dichromated gelatin or silver halide as holographic material
  • the dichromated gelatin or silver halide does not necessarily have to be formed as a coating on the outer surface of the inner pane.
  • dichromated gelatin or silver halide holographic material may also be coated onto a first substrate layer so that the hologram element comprises the holographic material and a first substrate layer, or may be disposed between a first and a second substrate layer so that the hologram element comprises the holographic material and a first substrate layer and a second substrate layer.
  • the composite pane can optionally have a second intermediate layer which is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element.
  • a composite pane at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer, a hologram element, an electrochromic functional element and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, the hologram element between the outer pane and the inner pane is arranged, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element, the second intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element, the electrochromic functional element is arranged in a region of the composite pane as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane and the hologram element is arranged vertically View through the laminated pane is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged.
  • the first intermediate layer is preferably a thermoplastic intermediate layer or an optically clear adhesive, a so-called optical clear adhesive (OCA).
  • OCA optical clear adhesive
  • optically clear adhesives so-called optically clear adhesives (OCA) are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the first intermediate layer preferably contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) , very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers.
  • Plasticizers are chemical compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, more supple and/or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics to lower temperatures so that the plastics have the desired more elastic properties in the operating temperature range.
  • Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, in particular low-volatile carboxylic acid esters, Fats, oils, soft resins and camphor.
  • Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of triethylene or tetraethylene glycol.
  • Plasticizers 3G7, 3G8 or 4G7 are particularly preferably used, the first digit designating the number of ethylene glycol units and the last digit designating the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid part of the compound.
  • 3G8 stands for triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate), ie for a compound of the formula C 4 H 9 CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) CO (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 3O 2 CCH (CH 2 CH 3 ) C 4 H 9 .
  • the first intermediate layer designed as a thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains at least 3% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, particularly preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight and in particular at least 40% by weight % of a plasticizer.
  • the plasticizer preferably contains or consists of triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
  • the first intermediate layer designed as a thermoplastic intermediate layer more preferably contains at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight and for example at least 97% by weight, of polyvinyl butyral.
  • the thickness of the first intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • the laminated pane can optionally have a second intermediate layer which is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element.
  • the second interlayer is preferably a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA).
  • OCA optically clear adhesive
  • optically clear adhesives so-called optically clear adhesives (OCA) are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the second intermediate layer preferably contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) or Mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • PU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • PU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • Mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers.
  • the thickness of the second intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • the electrochromic functional element preferably extends over at least 5%, particularly preferably over at least 10%, very particularly preferably over at least 50%, in particular over at least 90% of the area of the laminated pane.
  • the electrochromic functional element can also extend over the entire surface of the composite pane or essentially over the entire surface, i.e. the entire surface minus a peripheral edge area of, for example, 20 mm, which is usually covered by a frame-like dark masking print.
  • a full-area or essentially full-area arrangement of the electrochromic functional element offers advantages in production.
  • the electrochromic functional element is arranged in an edge area of the composite pane, preferably in a lower edge area of the composite pane.
  • the edge area typically borders on the edge of the pane of the laminated pane.
  • the hologram element is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged in a vertical view through the laminated pane.
  • the electrochromic functional element is therefore at least as large in terms of its external dimensions as the hologram element.
  • the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element correspond to the external dimensions of the hologram element.
  • the electrochromic In this embodiment, the functional element and the hologram element are arranged flush one above the other in a vertical view through the laminated pane.
  • the hologram element it is also possible for the hologram element to have smaller external dimensions than the electrochromic functional element, i.e. the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element to be larger than the external dimensions of the hologram element.
  • the electrochromic functional element Due to the arrangement of the hologram element in a vertical view through the composite pane completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged, the electrochromic functional element is arranged in front of the hologram element when viewed from the outside through the composite pane.
  • the transparency of the electrochromic functional element is reduced. Since the electrochromic functional element is arranged as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane and is therefore arranged in front of the hologram element when viewed from the outside through the laminated pane, the projected image has and is of sufficient brightness when the electrochromic functional element is activated, especially when sunlight is incident easily recognizable by the viewer.
  • the composite pane according to the invention solves the problem of the high contrast requirements of images that are generated on or behind the glass by using the holography principle in combination with an electrochromic functional element with which the optical properties of the pane can be controlled.
  • a higher contrast for the generated image is achieved if the transparency of the laminated pane is reduced with the aid of the electrochromic functional element.
  • the invention enables the privacy of users of holographic image displays to be protected. By adjusting the optical property, ie the transparency, of the pane by the electrochromic functional element, pedestrians outside the vehicle cannot see the images displayed on the glass.
  • the combination of an electrochromic functional element and a hologram element avoids dazzling pedestrians, which can be caused by transmitted laser or light beams from the projector.
  • the invention is a combination of an electrochromic functional element and a hologram element in a laminated glass.
  • This combination enables a privacy function for display applications based on the holographic principle when the electrochromic functional element is activated and thus the amount of transmitted light is reduced .
  • This helps exploit diffuse reflections of the holographic material for applications such as transparent screens that are not visible to people outside the car.
  • a switchable background in the form of an electrochromic functional element increases the contrast of the image generated by the hologram. This helps to reduce projector requirements and/or increase the viewable area.
  • a switchable background in the form of an electrochromic functional element offers the advantage that the degree of transmission can be controlled. Intermediate gradations between a state of transparency and a state of non-transparency are thus possible.
  • the degree of transparency can thus be chosen as a function of the degree of solar radiation and/or the projector output.
  • An electrochromic functional element generally comprises at least one electrochemically active layer that is capable of reversibly storing charges.
  • the oxidation states in the stored and stored state differ in their coloring, with one of these states being transparent.
  • the storage reaction can be controlled via the externally applied potential difference.
  • the basic structure of an electrochromic element thus comprises at least one electrochromic material, such as tungsten oxide, which is in contact with both a surface electrode and a charge source, such as an ion-conductive electrolyte.
  • the electrochromic layer structure contains a counter-electrode, which is also capable of reversibly storing cations and is in contact with the ion-conductive electrolyte, as well as an additional one Flat electrode that connects to the counter electrode.
  • the surface electrodes are connected to an external voltage source, which allows the voltage applied to the active layer and thus also the coloring to be regulated.
  • the surface electrodes are usually thin layers of electrically conductive material, often indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • Suitable electrochromic functional elements which the laminated pane according to the invention can have are known to the person skilled in the art. These can be constructed, for example, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,321,544, US Pat. No. 5,404,244, US Pat. No. 7,372,610 B2, US Pat.
  • the surface electrodes are preferably transparent.
  • the surface electrodes preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy or a transparent conducting oxide (TCO).
  • the electrically conductive layers particularly preferably contain silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum and/or a transparent conductive oxide, preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F), antimony doped tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, boron doped zinc oxide or gallium doped zinc oxide.
  • the surface electrodes comprise a transparent conductive oxide, the surface electrodes having a total thickness of 20 nm to 2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 50 nm to 1 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably from 100 nm to 600 nm and in particular from 300 nm to 500 nm exhibit. This achieves advantageous electrical contacting of the active layer and good horizontal conductivity of the layers.
  • PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • the hologram element is preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m thick, particularly preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m thick.
  • the optional first substrate layer and the optional second substrate layer are independently, for example, 35 pm (microns) to 60 pm thick and contain, for example, polyamide (PA), cellulose triacetate (TAC), and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PA polyamide
  • TAC cellulose triacetate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the hologram element comprises a photopolymer as the holographic material, this is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, for example 16 ⁇ m, thick. Suitable photopolymers are known to those skilled in the art.
  • the first intermediate layer and the optional second intermediate layer can be formed independently of one another by a single film or by more than one film.
  • the first intermediate layer and/or the optional second intermediate layer can independently of one another also be a functional intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically dampening properties, an intermediate layer which reflects infrared radiation, an intermediate layer which absorbs infrared radiation, an intermediate layer which absorbs UV radiation, an intermediate layer which is colored at least in sections and /or an at least partially tinted intermediate layer.
  • the first intermediate layer or the second intermediate layer can also be a belt filter film.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably of soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes.
  • the panes can also be made from other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or alumino-silicate glass, or from rigid, clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the panes can be clear or tinted or tinted. If the composite pane is used as a windshield, the outer pane and the inner pane should have sufficient light transmission in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A in accordance with ECE-R43.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably curved, ie they have a curvature.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane, the first intermediate layer and/or the second intermediate layer can have suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.
  • suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.
  • sun protection coatings coatings that are as spectrally neutral as possible are preferred.
  • the thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely and can thus be adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane preferably have thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, very particularly preferably 1.6 mm to 2.1 mm.
  • the outer pane has a thickness of 2.1 mm and the inner pane has a thickness of 1.6 mm.
  • the outer pane or in particular the inner pane can also be thin glass with a thickness of, for example, 0.55 mm.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention can comprise one or more additional intermediate layers, in particular functional intermediate layers.
  • An additional intermediate layer can be, in particular, an intermediate layer with acoustically dampening properties, an intermediate layer that reflects infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs UV radiation, an intermediate layer that is colored at least in sections and/or an intermediate layer that is tinted at least in sections. If several additional intermediate layers are present, these can also have different functions.
  • a laminated pane according to the invention can additionally include a cover print, in particular made of a dark, preferably black, enamel.
  • the masking print is in particular a peripheral, i.e. frame-like, masking print.
  • the peripheral masking print primarily serves as UV protection for the assembly adhesive of the laminated pane.
  • the cover print can be opaque and full-surface.
  • the cover print can also be semi-transparent, at least in sections, for example as a dot grid, stripe grid or checkered grid.
  • the covering print can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque covering to a semi-transparent covering.
  • the invention also includes a projection arrangement for displaying information for an observer, at least comprising a laminated pane according to the invention and a projector which is directed onto the hologram element from the inside.
  • the composite pane according to the invention can be designed as described above in the various embodiments.
  • the projector of the projection arrangement emits light with wavelengths to which the hologram or, if more than one hologram is present, the holograms of the hologram element respond.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a composite pane, wherein at least: a) an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface and an electrochromic functional element arranged in one area as a coating of the inner surface, a first intermediate layer, an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface and a hologram element are provided, b) a layer stack is formed in which the hologram element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element or between the inner pane and the hologram element and the hologram element is completely inside when viewed through of the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged, c) the layer stack is connected by lamination.
  • step b) looking through means looking through the stack of layers.
  • the hologram element can contain, for example, dichromated gelatin or silver halides or a photopolymer as the holographic material as described above.
  • the hologram element can be provided in step a) as an unexposed hologram element from photosensitive material or as the final hologram element with a recorded hologram.
  • the stacking sequence can also be formed and in step c) the lamination with the unexposed hologram element or with the final hologram element with a recorded hologram element can take place.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the recording of at least one hologram in the hologram element as an additional step after the lamination of the layer stack.
  • the hologram element can optionally include a first substrate layer and/or a second substrate layer in addition to a holographic material.
  • the method additionally comprises in step a) the provision of the second intermediate layer and in step b) a layer stack is formed in which the hologram element is between the outer pane and the inner pane is arranged, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element, the second intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element and the hologram element is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged when viewed through,
  • the stacking sequence can be laminated using common lamination methods.
  • so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours.
  • autoclave-free processes are also possible.
  • Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80°C to 110°C.
  • the stack sequence can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Plants of this type are known for the production of discs and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C.
  • vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more heatable and evacuatable chambers in which the outer pane and the inner pane are laminated within about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 °C to 170 °C.
  • the configurations described above in connection with the composite pane according to the invention also apply in the same way to the method according to the invention.
  • the invention also includes the use of a composite pane according to the invention with a holographic element and an electrochromic functional element as interior glazing or exterior glazing in a vehicle or a building, in particular as a vehicle pane in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles and particularly as a windshield serving as a projection surface.
  • the composite pane according to the invention is used as a windscreen of a vehicle for autonomous driving.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention shown in Fig. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention
  • Fig. 6 shows a cross section through the embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention shown in Fig. 5,
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention using a
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the cross section through the embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 along section line XX′.
  • the laminated pane 100 has an upper edge O, a lower edge U and two side edges S.
  • the composite pane 100 comprises an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II, a first intermediate layer 3, a hologram element 4, an electrochromic functional element 5 and an inner pane 2 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV.
  • the hologram element 4 is arranged over the entire surface between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2
  • the first intermediate layer 3 is arranged over the entire surface between the outer pane 1 and the hologram element 4
  • the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged over the entire surface as a coating arranged on the inner surface II of the outer pane 1 and constructed, for example, as described in US Pat. No. 7,372,610 B2.
  • the outer pane 1 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 2.1 mm thick.
  • the inner pane 2 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 1.6 mm thick.
  • the first intermediate layer 3 is, for example, a thermoplastic intermediate layer and consists, for example, of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and is 0.76 mm thick.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • the hologram element 4 consists, for example, of a dichromated gelatin as the holographic material, which is formed as a coating on the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 and has a thickness of, for example, 100 ⁇ m.
  • the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 can also be coated with a silver halide as a hologram element 4 .
  • the hologram element 4 can also comprise a substrate layer in addition to the holographic material, the substrate layer being arranged directly adjacent to the first intermediate layer 3 .
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle for autonomous driving.
  • 3 shows a cross section of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention.
  • the laminated pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 3 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 in that the first intermediate layer 3 is arranged between the inner pane 2 and the hologram element 4 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention.
  • the laminated pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 4 differs from that shown in FIG. 3 in that a second intermediate layer 6 is arranged between the hologram element 4 and the outer pane 1 .
  • the hologram element 4 is preferably a hologram element that comprises a photopolymer as the holographic material, which is arranged between two substrate layers (not shown in more detail in FIG. 4).
  • the first intermediate layer 3 and the second intermediate layer 6 are, for example, thermoplastic intermediate layers containing polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and are each 0.38 mm thick, for example.
  • the first intermediate layer 3 can also be an optically clear adhesive (OCA) and/or the second intermediate layer 6 can be an optically clear adhesive (OCA).
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows the cross section through the embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 5 along section line XX′.
  • the embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6 differs from that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in particular in that the electrochromic functional element 5 is only in a lower edge region of the composite pane, directly adjacent to the lower edge U of the composite pane 100 is arranged.
  • the area in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is applied as a coating on the inside II of the outer pane 1 is provided with the reference symbol C in FIG.
  • the outer dimensions of the hologram element 4 are smaller than the electrochromic functional element 5 and when viewed perpendicularly through the laminated pane 100 is arranged completely within the area C, ie completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 The embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle. Due to the fact that the electrochromic functional element 5 is only arranged in a lower edge area of the laminated pane 100, the legally required transparency of the laminated pane 100 in the main field of vision of the vehicle driver is still given even when the electrochromic functional element 5 is activated.
  • FIG. 7 shows a top view of a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 differs from the embodiments shown previously in that the electrochromic functional element 5 and the hologram element 4 have the same external dimensions, viewed vertically are arranged flush one above the other through the composite pane and are arranged in a lower edge area of the composite pane 100 .
  • the area C in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged and the area D in which the hologram element 4 is arranged are therefore congruent.
  • the embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 7 can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle. Due to the fact that the electrochromic functional element 5 is only arranged in a lower edge area of the laminated pane 100, the legally required transparency of the laminated pane 100 in the main field of vision of the vehicle driver is still given even when the electrochromic functional element 5 is activated.
  • Fig. 8 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 differs from that shown in Fig extend a peripheral edge area of 20 mm, for example.
  • the embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 8 can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle for autonomous driving.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a laminated pane 100 according to the invention using a flowchart, comprising the steps:

Abstract

The invention relates to a laminated pane (100), at least comprising: an outer pane (1), which has an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II); a first intermediate layer (3); a hologram element (4); an electrochromic functional element (5); and an inner pane (2), which has an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV). The hologram element (4) is situated between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2); the first intermediate layer (3) is situated between the outer pane (1) and the hologram element (4) or between the inner pane (2) and the hologram element (4); the electrochromic functional element (5) is situated in a region of the laminated pane (100) in the form of a coating on the inner surface (II) of the outer pane (1); and the hologram element (4), when viewed perpendicularly through the laminated pane (100), is situated completely within the region in which the electrochromic functional element (5) is situated.

Description

Verbundscheibe mit Hologrammelement und elektrochromem Funktionselement Composite pane with hologram element and electrochromic functional element
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe, insbesondere für ein holographisches Head-Up- Display, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Verbundscheibe, sowie die Verwendung einer solchen Verbundscheibe. The invention relates to a composite pane, in particular for a holographic head-up display, a method for producing such a composite pane, and the use of such a composite pane.
Verbundscheiben werden heutzutage an vielen Orten, insbesondere im Fahrzeugbau, verwendet. Dabei umfasst der Begriff Fahrzeug unter anderem Straßenfahrzeuge, Flugzeuge, Schiffe, landwirtschaftliche Maschinen oder auch Arbeitsgeräte. Composite glazing is used in many places today, particularly in vehicle construction. The term vehicle includes, among other things, road vehicles, aircraft, ships, agricultural machines or also work equipment.
Auch in anderen Bereichen werden Verbundscheiben verwendet. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise Gebäudeverglasungen oder Informationsdisplays, z.B. in Museen oder als Werbedisplays. Composite panes are also used in other areas. These include, for example, building glazing or information displays, e.g. in museums or as advertising displays.
Häufig werden Verbundscheiben auch als Display, insbesondere als Head-Up-Display (HUD), zur Anzeige von Informationen verwendet. Dabei wird mittels einer Projektionsvorrichtung ein Bild auf die Verbundglasscheiben projiziert, um dem Betrachter eine Information ins Sichtfeld einzublenden. Im Fahrzeugbereich wird die Projektionseinrichtung z.B. auf dem Armaturenbrett angeordnet, so dass das projizierte Bild auf der nächstliegenden Glasfläche der zum Betrachter hin geneigten Verbundglasscheibe in Richtung des Betrachters reflektiert wird (vgl. z.B. das europäische Patent EP 0420228 B1 oder die deutsche Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2012 211 729 A1). Composite panes are often also used as a display, in particular as a head-up display (HUD), for displaying information. An image is projected onto the laminated glass panes by means of a projection device in order to display information in the viewer's field of vision. In the vehicle area, the projection device is arranged, for example, on the dashboard so that the projected image is reflected in the direction of the viewer on the closest glass surface of the laminated glass pane inclined towards the viewer (cf. e.g. European Patent EP 0420228 B1 or German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2012 211 729 A1).
In der DE 10 2012 019 506 A1 ist eine Verbundscheibe mit einem Anzeigeschirm und einer zwischen den beiden Scheiben der Verbundscheibe eingebetteten oder auf die Innenseite der Verbundscheibe angeklebten elektrochromen Schicht offenbart. DE 10 2012 019 506 A1 discloses a laminated pane with a display screen and an electrochromic layer embedded between the two panes of the laminated pane or glued to the inside of the laminated pane.
CN 109521570 A offenbart ein Head-up-Display aufweisend einen Bildschirm mit einer transflexiven Schicht und einem elektrochromen Material. CN 109521570 A discloses a head-up display having a screen with a transflective layer and an electrochromic material.
Für Head-Up-Displays können Hologramme genutzt werden, die zwischen den Scheiben einer Verbundscheibe einlaminiert sind. Das Hologramm kann darin aufgezeichnete Informationen enthalten. Das Hologramm kann mittels von einem Projektor abgestrahltem Licht aktiviert werden und somit die in dem Hologramm aufgezeichneten Informationen für den Betrachter wiedergegeben werden. Head-Up-Displays, basierend auf dem Prinzip der Holographie sind beispielsweise in den Veröffentlichungen WO 2012/156124 A1 , US 2019/0056596 A1 , US 10,394,032 B2, US 10,061 ,069 B2 und US 2015/205138 A1 offenbart. Holograms that are laminated between the panes of a composite pane can be used for head-up displays. The hologram may contain information recorded thereon. The hologram can be activated by means of light emitted by a projector and the information recorded in the hologram can thus be reproduced for the viewer. Head-up displays based on the principle of Holography are disclosed for example in the publications WO 2012/156124 A1, US 2019/0056596 A1, US 10,394,032 B2, US 10,061,069 B2 and US 2015/205138 A1.
Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Hologrammen. Dazu gehören zum Beispiel Reflexionshologramme oder Hologramme, die auf dem Prinzip der Leitung von Lichtwellen im Hologramm basieren, sogenannte Wellenleiter oder Waveguide-Hologramme. There are different types of holograms. These include, for example, reflection holograms or holograms that are based on the principle of guiding light waves in the hologram, so-called waveguides or waveguide holograms.
Die Komponenten des Head-Up-Displays müssen in einem Fahrzeug grundsätzlich so angeordnet werden, dass der Betrachter das projizierte Bild sehen kann, was zwangsläufig Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Anordnung im Fahrzeug mit sich bringt, da die Reflexion von Lichtstrahlen an der reflektierenden Oberfläche der Fahrzeugscheibe der Bedingung genügt, dass der Einfallswinkel dem Ausfallswinkel entspricht. The components of the head-up display must always be arranged in a vehicle in such a way that the viewer can see the projected image, which inevitably entails restrictions on the arrangement in the vehicle, since the reflection of light rays on the reflective surface of the vehicle window of the The condition is that the angle of incidence corresponds to the angle of reflection.
Bei der Auslegung eines Head-Up-Displays muss weiterhin dafür Sorge getragen werden, dass der Projektor eine entsprechend große Leistung hat, so dass das projizierte Bild, insbesondere bei Einfall von Sonnenlicht, eine ausreichende Helligkeit aufweist und vom Betrachter gut erkennbar ist. Dies erfordert eine gewisse Größe des Projektors und geht mit einem entsprechenden Stromverbrauch sowie betriebsbedingter Wärmeentwicklung einher. When designing a head-up display, care must also be taken to ensure that the projector has a correspondingly high output, so that the projected image has sufficient brightness, especially when sunlight is incident, and can be easily recognized by the viewer. This requires a certain size of the projector and is associated with a corresponding power consumption and operational heat development.
Darüber hinaus ist es bei Head-up-Displays schwierig, die Privatsphäre der Benutzer zu schützen, da die eingesetzten Projektionsflächen von beiden Seiten durchsichtig sind. Zudem ist auf die Sicherheit der Fußgänger durch Vermeidung von Blendung zu achten. In addition, with heads-up displays, it is difficult to protect users' privacy because the screens used are transparent from both sides. Pedestrian safety must also be ensured by avoiding glare.
In EP 0 950 913 B1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Kontrastes der Anzeige eines Head-Up-Displays in einem Kraftfahrzeug offenbart, wobei die Windschutzscheibe vom Fahrzeugführer aus betrachtet in einem bestimmten Raumwinkel dunkel getönt ist und wobei mittels eines Head-Up-Displays angezeigte Informationen für den Fahrzeugführer in diesem bestimmten Raumwinkel sichtbar sind. Der bestimmte Raumwinkel, in dem die Windschutzscheibe abgedunkelt ist, liegt dabei außerhalb des üblichen Sichtfeldes des Fahrzeugführers, das dieser beim Führen eines Kraftfahrzeuges üblicherweise einsehen muss. EP 0 950 913 B1 discloses a device for improving the contrast of the display of a head-up display in a motor vehicle, the windshield being darkly tinted at a certain spatial angle when viewed from the vehicle driver, and the information displayed using a head-up display Information for the vehicle driver is visible in this specific solid angle. The specific solid angle in which the windshield is darkened lies outside the vehicle driver's usual field of vision, which he usually has to see when driving a motor vehicle.
Die Patentschrift DE 4242797 C2 offenbart ein Head-Up-Display-System zum Anzeigen einer Fahrzeuginformation, mit einer reflektierenden Hologrammplatte, mit der das Anzeigelicht auf den Fahrzeugfahrer ablenkbar ist, wobei die Hologrammplatte im unteren Bereich der Windschutzscheibe des Fahrzeugs angeordnet ist und an der Rückseite der Hologrammplatte ein gegen Eindringen von Außenlicht in die Hologrammplatte abschirmender Dunkelfilm oder eine Schicht aus schwarzer keramischer Farbe vorgesehen ist. Um das Gesichtsfeld des Fahrers nicht einzuschränken, ist die Hologrammplatte im unteren Bereich der Windschutzscheibe angebracht. The patent DE 4242797 C2 discloses a head-up display system for displaying vehicle information, with a reflective hologram plate with which the display light can be deflected onto the vehicle driver, the hologram plate in the lower area of the Windshield of the vehicle is arranged and on the back of the hologram shielding against penetration of outside light in the hologram dark film or a layer of black ceramic paint is provided. In order not to restrict the driver's field of vision, the hologram plate is attached to the lower part of the windscreen.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbesserte Verbundscheibe mit einem Hologrammelement und ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung bereitzustellen. The object of the present invention is to provide an improved laminated pane with a hologram element and a method for its production.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Verbundscheibe gemäß Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 14 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor. The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a laminated pane according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 14 . Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe mindestens umfassend eine Außenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche, eine erste Zwischenschicht, ein Hologrammelement und eine Innenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche. The invention relates to a laminated pane at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, a first intermediate layer, a hologram element and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Verbundscheibe ein elektrochromes Funktionselement auf, das in einem Bereich der Verbundscheibe als Beschichtung auf der Innenfläche der Außenscheibe angeordnet ist. According to the invention, the laminated pane has an electrochromic functional element which is arranged in a region of the laminated pane as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane.
In der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe ist das Hologrammelement zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet und die erste Zwischenschicht ist zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement oder zwischen dem Hologrammelement und der Innenscheibe angeordnet. In the laminated pane according to the invention, the hologram element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, and the first intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element or between the hologram element and the inner pane.
Erfindungsgemäß ist das Hologrammelement in senkrechter Sicht durch die Verbundscheibe vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs angeordnet, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement angeordnet ist. According to the invention, the hologram element is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged in a vertical view through the laminated pane.
Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe weisen wie oben beschrieben jeweils eine außenseitige Oberfläche, d.h. eine Außenfläche, und eine innenraumseitige Oberfläche, d.h. eine Innenfläche, auf und eine dazwischen verlaufende, umlaufende Seitenkante. Mit Außenfläche wird im Sinne der Erfindung diejenige Hauptfläche bezeichnet, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung zugewandt zu sein. Mit Innenfläche wird im Sinne der Erfindung diejenige Hauptfläche bezeichnet, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, in Einbaulage dem Innenraum zugewandt zu sein. Die Innenfläche der Außenscheibe und die Außenfläche der Innenscheibe sind in der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe einander zugewandt. As described above, the outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside surface, ie an outer surface, and an inside surface, ie an inner surface, and a circumferential side edge running therebetween. Within the meaning of the invention, the outer surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position. With inner surface in the context of the invention, that main surface is designated which is intended to face the interior in the installed position. The inner surface of the outer pane and the outer surface of the inner pane face each other in the laminated pane according to the invention.
Die Oberflächen der Glasscheiben werden typischerweise wie folgt bezeichnet: The surfaces of the glass panes are typically designated as follows:
Die außenseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe wird als Seite I bezeichnet. Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe wird als Seite II bezeichnet. Die außenseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe wird als Seite III bezeichnet. Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe wird als Seite IV bezeichnet. The outside surface of the outer pane is referred to as side I. The surface of the outer pane on the interior side is referred to as side II. The outside surface of the inner pane is referred to as Side III. The interior side surface of the inner pane is referred to as side IV.
Ist die Verbundscheibe dafür vorgesehen, in einer Fensteröffnung eines Fahrzeugs oder eines Gebäudes einen Innenraum gegenüber der äußeren Umgebung abzutrennen, so wird mit Innenscheibe im Sinne der Erfindung die dem Innenraum (Fahrzeuginnenraum) zugewandte Scheibe bezeichnet. Mit Außenscheibe wird die der äußeren Umgebung zugewandte Scheibe bezeichnet. If the laminated pane is intended to separate an interior space from the outside environment in a window opening of a vehicle or a building, the inner pane within the meaning of the invention refers to the pane facing the interior (vehicle interior). The outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment.
Es versteht sich, dass mit Durchsicht durch die Verbundscheibe die Durchsicht von der äußeren Umgebung aus oder die Durchsicht vom Innenraum aus gemeint ist. It goes without saying that looking through the laminated pane means looking through from the outside environment or looking through from the interior.
Als Hologramm wird ein Reflexionshologramm oder ein Waveguide-Hologramm bezeichnet, das innerhalb eines Hologrammelements angeordnet ist. Das Hologrammelement bezeichnet das holographische Medium, in dem das Hologramm enthalten ist. Das Hologrammelement umfasst ein photosensitives Material. In diesem photosensitiven Material kann durch Belichtung mit einer geeigneten Lichtquelle ein Hologramm aufgezeichnet werden. In der fertigen Verbundscheibe ist das Material des Hologrammelements nicht mehr lichtempfindlich, da das photosensitive Material während des Prozesses soweit verändert wird, dass keine weitere Aufzeichnung eines Hologramms mehr möglich ist. Der Begriff Hologrammelement bezieht sich sowohl auf das unbelichtete Hologrammelement aus lichtempfindlichem Material als auch auf das endgültige Hologrammelement mit aufgezeichnetem Hologramm. Das endgültige Hologrammelement umfasst erfindungsgemäß mindestens ein Hologramm, bevorzugt jedoch mehrere einzelne Hologramme. A reflection hologram or a waveguide hologram that is arranged within a hologram element is referred to as a hologram. The hologram element refers to the holographic medium in which the hologram is contained. The hologram element includes a photosensitive material. A hologram can be recorded in this photosensitive material by exposure to a suitable light source. In the finished laminated pane, the material of the hologram element is no longer sensitive to light, since the photosensitive material is changed to such an extent during the process that it is no longer possible to record a hologram. The term hologram element refers to both the unexposed photosensitive material hologram element and the final hologram recorded hologram element. According to the invention, the final hologram element comprises at least one hologram, but preferably several individual holograms.
Das Hologrammelement umfasst ein holographisches Material und kann zusätzlich optional eine erste Substratschicht und/oder eine zweite Substratschicht umfassen. Dem Fachmann sind geeignete holographische Materialien bekannt. Geeignete erste und zweite Substratschichten sind dem Fachmann ebenfalls bekannt. The hologram element comprises a holographic material and can additionally optionally comprise a first substrate layer and/or a second substrate layer. The professional suitable holographic materials are known. Suitable first and second substrate layers are also known to those skilled in the art.
Bevorzugt umfasst das Hologrammelement als holographisches Material ein Photopolymer, Dichromatgelatine oder Silberhalogenide. The hologram element preferably comprises a photopolymer, dichromated gelatin or silver halides as holographic material.
Umfasst das Hologrammelement als holographisches Material ein Photopolymer, so umfasst das Hologrammelement bevorzugt neben dem Photopolymer eine erste Substratschicht und eine zweite Substratschicht, wobei das Photopolymer bevorzugt zwischen der ersten Substratschicht und der zweiten Substratschicht angeordnet ist. Hologrammelemente mit einem zwischen zwei Substratschichten angeordneten Photopolymer sind beispielweise in US 2019/0101865 A1 beschrieben. If the hologram element comprises a photopolymer as the holographic material, the hologram element preferably comprises a first substrate layer and a second substrate layer in addition to the photopolymer, with the photopolymer preferably being arranged between the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer. Hologram elements with a photopolymer arranged between two substrate layers are described, for example, in US 2019/0101865 A1.
In einer Ausführungsform ist die erste Zwischenschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet. In one embodiment, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die erste Zwischenschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet. In a further embodiment, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst das Hologrammelement als holographisches Material Dichromatgelatine oder Silberhalogenide und ist als eine Beschichtung auf der Außenfläche der Innenscheibe ausgebildet. In dieser Ausführungsform ist die erste Zwischenschicht zwischen dem Hologrammelement und der Außenscheibe angeordnet. In a further embodiment, the hologram element comprises dichromated gelatin or silver halide as the holographic material and is formed as a coating on the outer surface of the inner pane. In this embodiment, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the hologram element and the outer pane.
Es versteht sich, dass in den Ausführungsformen, in denen das Hologrammelement als holographisches Material Dichromatgelatine oder Silberhalogenide umfasst, die Dichromatgelatine oder die Silberhalogenide nicht zwingend als eine Beschichtung auf der Außenfläche der Innenscheibe ausgebildet sei muss. Dichromatgelatine oder Silberhalogenide als holographisches Material können beispielsweise auch auf eine erste Substratschicht aufgetragen sein, so dass das Hologrammelement das holographische Material und eine erste Substratschicht umfasst, oder zwischen einer ersten und einerzweiten Substratschicht angeordnet sein, so dass das Hologrammelement das holographische Material und eine erste Substratschicht und eine zweite Substratschicht umfasst. In Ausführungsformen, in denen die erste Zwischenschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist, kann die Verbundscheibe optional eine zweite Zwischenschicht aufweisen, welche zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist. It goes without saying that in the embodiments in which the hologram element comprises dichromated gelatin or silver halide as holographic material, the dichromated gelatin or silver halide does not necessarily have to be formed as a coating on the outer surface of the inner pane. For example, dichromated gelatin or silver halide holographic material may also be coated onto a first substrate layer so that the hologram element comprises the holographic material and a first substrate layer, or may be disposed between a first and a second substrate layer so that the hologram element comprises the holographic material and a first substrate layer and a second substrate layer. In embodiments in which the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element, the composite pane can optionally have a second intermediate layer which is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element.
Erfindungsgemäß ist somit auch eine Verbundscheibe, mindestens umfassend eine Außenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche, eine erste Zwischenschicht, eine zweite Zwischenschicht, ein Hologrammelement, ein elektrochromes Funktionselement und eine Innenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche, wobei das Hologrammelement zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist, die erste Zwischenschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist, die zweite Zwischenschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist, das elektrochrome Funktionselement in einem Bereich der Verbundscheibe als Beschichtung auf der Innenfläche der Außenscheibe angeordnet ist und das Hologrammelement in senkrechter Sicht durch die Verbundscheibe vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs angeordnet ist, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement angeordnet ist. According to the invention is therefore also a composite pane, at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer, a hologram element, an electrochromic functional element and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, the hologram element between the outer pane and the inner pane is arranged, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element, the second intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element, the electrochromic functional element is arranged in a region of the composite pane as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane and the hologram element is arranged vertically View through the laminated pane is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged.
Die erste Zwischenschicht ist bevorzugt eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht oder ein optisch klarer Kleber, ein sogenannter optical clear adhesive (OCA). The first intermediate layer is preferably a thermoplastic intermediate layer or an optically clear adhesive, a so-called optical clear adhesive (OCA).
Dem Fachmann sind geeignete optische klare Kleber, sogenannte optical clear adhesives (OCA) bekannt. Suitable optically clear adhesives, so-called optically clear adhesives (OCA), are known to the person skilled in the art.
In den Ausführungsformen, in denen die erste Zwischenschicht als thermoplastische Zwischenschicht ausgebildet ist, enthält die erste Zwischenschicht bevorzugt zumindest Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), thermoplastisches Polyurethan (PU) oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, besonders bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), ganz besonders bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) und dem Fachmann bekannte Additive wie beispielsweise Weichmacher. In the embodiments in which the first intermediate layer is designed as a thermoplastic intermediate layer, the first intermediate layer preferably contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) , very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers.
Weichmacher sind chemische Verbindungen, die Kunststoffe weicher, flexibler, geschmeidiger und/oder elastischer machen. Sie verschieben den thermoelastischen Bereich von Kunststoffen hin zu niedrigeren Temperaturen, so dass die Kunststoffe im Bereich der Einsatz-Temperatur die gewünschten elastischeren Eigenschaften aufweisen. Bevorzugte Weichmacher sind Carbonsäureester, insbesondere schwerflüchtige Carbonsäureester, Fette, Öle, Weichharze und Campher. Weitere Weichmacher sind bevorzugt aliphatische Diester des Tri- bzw. Tetraethylenglykols. Besonders bevorzugt werden als Weichmacher 3G7, 3G8 oder 4G7 eingesetzt, wobei die erste Ziffer die Anzahl der Ethlenglycoleinheiten und die letzte Ziffer die Anzahl der Kohlenstoffatome im Carbonsäureteil der Verbindung bezeichnet. So steht 3G8 für Triethylenglykol-bis-(2-ethylhexanoat), d.h. für eine Verbindung der Formel C4H9CH (CH2CH3) CO (OCH2CH2)3O2CCH (CH2CH3) C4H9. Plasticizers are chemical compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, more supple and/or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics to lower temperatures so that the plastics have the desired more elastic properties in the operating temperature range. Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, in particular low-volatile carboxylic acid esters, Fats, oils, soft resins and camphor. Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of triethylene or tetraethylene glycol. Plasticizers 3G7, 3G8 or 4G7 are particularly preferably used, the first digit designating the number of ethylene glycol units and the last digit designating the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid part of the compound. Thus, 3G8 stands for triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate), ie for a compound of the formula C 4 H 9 CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) CO (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 3O 2 CCH (CH 2 CH 3 ) C 4 H 9 .
Bevorzugt enthält in diesen Ausführungsformen die als thermoplastische Zwischenschicht ausgebildete erste Zwischenschicht mindestens 3 Gew.-%, bevorzugt mindestens 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 20 Gew.-%, noch mehr bevorzugt mindestens 30 Gew.-% und insbesondere mindestens 40 Gew.-% eines Weichmachers. Der Weichmacher enthält oder besteht bevorzugt aus Triethylenglykol-bis-(2-ethylhexanoat). In these embodiments, the first intermediate layer designed as a thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains at least 3% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, particularly preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight and in particular at least 40% by weight % of a plasticizer. The plasticizer preferably contains or consists of triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
Weiter bevorzugt enthält in diesen Ausführungsformen die als thermoplastische Zwischenschicht ausgebildete erste Zwischenschicht mindestens 60 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 70 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 90 Gew.-% und beispielsweise mindestens 97 Gew.-% Polyvinylbutyral. In these embodiments, the first intermediate layer designed as a thermoplastic intermediate layer more preferably contains at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight and for example at least 97% by weight, of polyvinyl butyral.
Die Dicke der ersten Zwischenschicht beträgt bevorzugt von 0,2 mm bis 2 mm, besonders bevorzugt von 0,3 mm bis 1 mm, beispielsweise 0,38 mm oder 0,76 mm. The thickness of the first intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
Wie oben beschrieben, kann in Ausführungsformen, in denen die erste Zwischenschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist, die Verbundscheibe optional eine zweite Zwischenschicht aufweisen, welche zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist. As described above, in embodiments in which the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element, the laminated pane can optionally have a second intermediate layer which is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element.
Die zweite Zwischenschicht ist bevorzugt eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht oder ein optisch klarer Kleber (OCA). The second interlayer is preferably a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA).
Dem Fachmann sind geeignete optische klare Kleber, sogenannte optical clear adhesives (OCA) bekannt. Suitable optically clear adhesives, so-called optically clear adhesives (OCA), are known to the person skilled in the art.
In den Ausführungsformen, in denen die zweite Zwischenschicht als thermoplastische Zwischenschicht ausgebildet ist, enthält die zweite Zwischenschicht bevorzugt zumindest Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), thermoplastisches Polyurethan (PU) oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, besonders bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), ganz besonders bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) und dem Fachmann bekannte Additive wie beispielsweise Weichmacher. In the embodiments in which the second intermediate layer is designed as a thermoplastic intermediate layer, the second intermediate layer preferably contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) or Mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers.
Die Dicke der zweiten Zwischenschicht beträgt bevorzugt von 0,2 mm bis 2 mm, besonders bevorzugt von 0,3 mm bis 1 mm, beispielsweise 0,38 mm oder 0,76 mm. The thickness of the second intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
Das elektrochrome Funktionselement erstreckt sich bevorzugt über mindestens 5 %, besonders bevorzugt über mindestens 10 %, ganz besonders bevorzugt über mindestens 50 %, insbesondere über mindestens 90 % der Fläche der Verbundscheibe. Das elektrochrome Funktionselement kann sich auch vollflächig über die gesamte Verbundscheibe oder im Wesentlichen vollflächig, d.h. vollflächig abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereichs von beispielsweise 20 mm, der in der Regel von einem rahmenartigen dunklen Abdeckdruck verdeckt ist, erstrecken. Eine vollflächige oder im Wesentlichen vollflächige Anordnung des elektrochromen Funktionselements bietet Vorteile bei der Fertigung. The electrochromic functional element preferably extends over at least 5%, particularly preferably over at least 10%, very particularly preferably over at least 50%, in particular over at least 90% of the area of the laminated pane. The electrochromic functional element can also extend over the entire surface of the composite pane or essentially over the entire surface, i.e. the entire surface minus a peripheral edge area of, for example, 20 mm, which is usually covered by a frame-like dark masking print. A full-area or essentially full-area arrangement of the electrochromic functional element offers advantages in production.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das elektrochrome Funktionselement in einem Randbereich der Verbundscheibe, bevorzugt in einem unteren Randbereich der Verbundscheibe angeordnet. Der Randbereich grenzt typischerweise an den Scheibenrand der Verbundscheibe an. Diese Ausführungsform eignet sich besonders, wenn die Verbundscheibe als Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs Verwendung findet, da durch die Anordnung im unteren Randbereich der Verbundscheibe die Transmission im Hauptdurchsichtsbereich des Fahrzeugführers auch bei Aktivierung des elektrochromen Funktionselements und einem dadurch bedingten verminderten Grad der Transmission im Bereich des elektrochromen Funktionselements nicht beeinträchtigt ist. In a preferred embodiment, the electrochromic functional element is arranged in an edge area of the composite pane, preferably in a lower edge area of the composite pane. The edge area typically borders on the edge of the pane of the laminated pane. This embodiment is particularly suitable if the laminated pane is used as a windshield of a vehicle, since the arrangement in the lower edge area of the laminated pane reduces the transmission in the main viewing area of the vehicle driver even when the electrochromic functional element is activated and the degree of transmission in the region of the electrochromic functional element is reduced as a result is not affected.
Wie oben beschrieben ist erfindungsgemäß das Hologrammelement in senkrechter Sicht durch die Verbundscheibe vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs angeordnet, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement angeordnet ist. Somit ist das elektrochrome Funktionselement von den äußeren Abmessungen her mindestens genauso groß wie das Hologrammelement. As described above, according to the invention, the hologram element is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged in a vertical view through the laminated pane. The electrochromic functional element is therefore at least as large in terms of its external dimensions as the hologram element.
In einer Ausführungsform entsprechen die äußeren Abmessungen des elektrochromen Funktionselements den äußeren Abmessungen des Hologrammelements. Das elektrochrome Funktionselement und das Hologrammelement sind in dieser Ausführungsform in senkrechter Sicht durch die Verbundscheibe bündig übereinander angeordnet. In one embodiment, the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element correspond to the external dimensions of the hologram element. The electrochromic In this embodiment, the functional element and the hologram element are arranged flush one above the other in a vertical view through the laminated pane.
Es ist aber auch möglich, dass das Hologrammelement von den äußeren Abmessungen her kleiner als das elektrochrome Funktionselement ist, d.h. dass die äußeren Abmessungen des elektrochromen Funktionselements größer als die äußeren Abmessungen des Hologrammelements sind. However, it is also possible for the hologram element to have smaller external dimensions than the electrochromic functional element, i.e. the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element to be larger than the external dimensions of the hologram element.
Durch die Anordnung des Hologrammelements in senkrechter Sicht durch die Verbundscheibe vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement angeordnet ist, ist das elektrochrome Funktionselement in Durchsicht von außen durch die Verbundscheibe vor dem Hologrammelement angeordnet. Due to the arrangement of the hologram element in a vertical view through the composite pane completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged, the electrochromic functional element is arranged in front of the hologram element when viewed from the outside through the composite pane.
Im aktivierten Zustand des elektrochromen Funktionselements ist die Transparenz des elektrochromen Funktionselementes herabgesetzt. Da das elektrochrome Funktionselement als Beschichtung auf der Innenfläche der Außenscheibe angeordnet und somit in Durchsicht von außen durch die Verbundscheibe vor dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist, weist das projizierte Bild, bei Aktivierung des elektrochromen Funktionselements insbesondere auch bei Einfall von Sonnenlicht, eine ausreichende Helligkeit auf und ist vom Betrachter gut erkennbar. In the activated state of the electrochromic functional element, the transparency of the electrochromic functional element is reduced. Since the electrochromic functional element is arranged as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane and is therefore arranged in front of the hologram element when viewed from the outside through the laminated pane, the projected image has and is of sufficient brightness when the electrochromic functional element is activated, especially when sunlight is incident easily recognizable by the viewer.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe löst das Problem der hohen Anforderung an den Kontrast von Bildern, die auf oder hinter dem Glas erzeugt werden, durch die Anwendung des Holographie-Prinzips in Kombination mit einem elektrochromen Funktionselement, mit dem die optischen Eigenschaften der Scheibe gesteuert werden können. The composite pane according to the invention solves the problem of the high contrast requirements of images that are generated on or behind the glass by using the holography principle in combination with an electrochromic functional element with which the optical properties of the pane can be controlled.
Es wird ein höherer Kontrast für das erzeugte Bild erreicht, wenn mithilfe des elektrochromen Funktionselementes die Transparenz der Verbundscheibe reduziert wird. Die erforderliche Projektorleistung wird dadurch drastisch reduziert, was auch zu einer Verkleinerung des Projektors führen kann und somit den Einsatz auf begrenztem Raum, z.B. in Autos, ermöglicht. Da eine geringere Lichtmenge erforderlich ist, wird auch weniger Wärme erzeugt. Zudem sinkt der Energieverbrauch des Projektors, was sich positiv auf die Reichweite von insbesondere elektrischen Fahrzeugen auswirken kann. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die Erfindung den Schutz der Privatsphäre der Benutzer von holographischen Bildanzeigen. Durch das Einstellen der optischen Eigenschaft, d.h. der Transparenz, der Scheibe durch das elektrochrome Funktionselement können Fußgänger außerhalb des Fahrzeugs die auf dem Glas angezeigten Bilder nicht sehen. Zudem vermeidet die Kombination von einem elektrochromen Funktionselement und einem Hologrammelement die Blendung von Fußgängern, die durch durchgelassene Laser- oder Lichtstrahlen des Projektors verursacht werden können. A higher contrast for the generated image is achieved if the transparency of the laminated pane is reduced with the aid of the electrochromic functional element. This drastically reduces the required projector power, which can also lead to a reduction in the size of the projector and thus enables it to be used in a limited space, eg in cars. Because less light is required, less heat is generated. In addition, the energy consumption of the projector decreases, which can have a positive effect on the range of electric vehicles in particular. In addition, the invention enables the privacy of users of holographic image displays to be protected. By adjusting the optical property, ie the transparency, of the pane by the electrochromic functional element, pedestrians outside the vehicle cannot see the images displayed on the glass. In addition, the combination of an electrochromic functional element and a hologram element avoids dazzling pedestrians, which can be caused by transmitted laser or light beams from the projector.
Die Erfindung stellt eine Kombination aus einem elektrochromen Funktionselement und einem Hologrammelement in einem Verbundglas dar. Diese Kombination ermöglicht eine Sichtschutzfunktion für Display-Anwendungen, die auf dem Holographie-Prinzip basieren, wenn das elektrochrome Funktionselement aktiviert wird und somit die Menge des durchgelassenen Lichts reduziert wird. Dies hilft, diffuse Reflexionen des holographischen Materials für Anwendungen wie z.B. transparente Bildschirme zu nutzen, die für Personen außerhalb des Autos nicht sichtbar sind. Darüber hinaus erhöht ein schaltbarer Hintergrund in Form eines elektrochromen Funktionselements den Kontrast des vom Hologramm erzeugten Bildes. Dies trägt dazu bei, dass die Anforderungen an den Projektor reduziert und/oder der sichtbare Bereich vergrößert werden kann. The invention is a combination of an electrochromic functional element and a hologram element in a laminated glass. This combination enables a privacy function for display applications based on the holographic principle when the electrochromic functional element is activated and thus the amount of transmitted light is reduced . This helps exploit diffuse reflections of the holographic material for applications such as transparent screens that are not visible to people outside the car. In addition, a switchable background in the form of an electrochromic functional element increases the contrast of the image generated by the hologram. This helps to reduce projector requirements and/or increase the viewable area.
Ein schaltbarer Hintergrund in Form eines elektrochromen Funktionselements bietet den Vorteil, dass der Grad der Transmission steuerbar ist. Es sind somit Zwischenabstufungen zwischen einem Zustand der Transparenz und einem Zustand der Intransparenz möglich. Der Grad der Transparenz kann somit in Abhängigkeit von dem Grad der Sonneneinstrahlung und/oder der Projektorleistung gewählt werden. A switchable background in the form of an electrochromic functional element offers the advantage that the degree of transmission can be controlled. Intermediate gradations between a state of transparency and a state of non-transparency are thus possible. The degree of transparency can thus be chosen as a function of the degree of solar radiation and/or the projector output.
Ein elektrochromes Funktionselement umfasst in der Regel mindestens eine elektrochemisch aktive Schicht, die in der Lage ist, reversibel Ladungen einzulagern. Die Oxidationszustände im eingelagerten und ausgelagerten Zustand unterscheiden sich dabei in ihrer Farbgebung, wobei einer dieser Zustände transparent ist. Die Einlagerungsreaktion ist über die von außen angelegte Potentialdifferenz steuerbar. Der Grundaufbau eines elektrochromen Elements umfasst somit mindestens ein elektrochromes Material, wie beispielsweise Wolframoxid, das sowohl mit einer Flächenelektrode, als auch einer Ladungsquelle, wie beispielsweise einem ionenleitfähigen Elektrolyten, in Kontakt steht. Darüber hinaus enthält der elektrochrome Schichtaufbau eine Gegenelektrode, die ebenfalls in der Lage ist reversibel Kationen einzulagern, und mit dem ionenleitfähigen Elektrolyten in Berührung steht, sowie eine weitere Flächenelektrode, die sich an die Gegenelektrode anschließt. Die Flächenelektroden sind mit einer externen Spannungsquelle verbunden, wodurch die an die aktive Schicht angelegte Spannung und somit auch die Farbgebung reguliert werden kann. Die Flächenelektroden sind meist dünne Schichten elektrisch leitfähigen Materials, häufig Indium-Zinnoxid (ITO). An electrochromic functional element generally comprises at least one electrochemically active layer that is capable of reversibly storing charges. The oxidation states in the stored and stored state differ in their coloring, with one of these states being transparent. The storage reaction can be controlled via the externally applied potential difference. The basic structure of an electrochromic element thus comprises at least one electrochromic material, such as tungsten oxide, which is in contact with both a surface electrode and a charge source, such as an ion-conductive electrolyte. In addition, the electrochromic layer structure contains a counter-electrode, which is also capable of reversibly storing cations and is in contact with the ion-conductive electrolyte, as well as an additional one Flat electrode that connects to the counter electrode. The surface electrodes are connected to an external voltage source, which allows the voltage applied to the active layer and thus also the coloring to be regulated. The surface electrodes are usually thin layers of electrically conductive material, often indium tin oxide (ITO).
Geeignete elektrochrome Funktionselemente, welche die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe aufweisen kann, sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Diese können beispielsweise wie in US 5321544, US 5404244, US 7372610 B2, US 7593154 B2, WO 2012/007334 A1 , WO 2017/102900 A1 oder US 20120026573 A1 offenbart aufgebaut sein. Suitable electrochromic functional elements which the laminated pane according to the invention can have are known to the person skilled in the art. These can be constructed, for example, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,321,544, US Pat. No. 5,404,244, US Pat. No. 7,372,610 B2, US Pat.
Die Flächenelektroden sind bevorzugt transparent. Die Flächenelektroden enthalten bevorzugt zumindest ein Metall, eine Metalllegierung oder ein transparentes leitfähiges Oxid (transparent conducting oxide, TCO). Die elektrisch leitfähigen Schichten enthalten besonders bevorzugt Silber, Gold, Kupfer, Nickel, Chrom, Wolfram, Graphit, Molybdän und/oder ein transparentes leitfähiges Oxid, bevorzugt Indium-Zinnoxid (ITO), Fluor-dotiertes Zinnoxid (SnO2:F), Antimon-dotiertes Zinnoxid, Aluminium-dotiertes Zinkoxid, Bor-dotiertes Zinkoxid oder Gallium-dotiertes Zinkoxid. The surface electrodes are preferably transparent. The surface electrodes preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy or a transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The electrically conductive layers particularly preferably contain silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum and/or a transparent conductive oxide, preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F), antimony doped tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, boron doped zinc oxide or gallium doped zinc oxide.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfassen die Flächenelektroden ein transparentes leitfähiges Oxid, wobei die Flächenelektroden eine Gesamtdicke von 20 nm bis 2 pm, besonders bevorzugt von 50 nm bis 1 pm, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 100 nm bis 600 nm und insbesondere von 300 nm bis 500 nm aufweisen. Damit werden eine vorteilhafte elektrische Kontaktierung der aktiven Schicht und eine gute horizontale Leitfähigkeit der Schichten erreicht. In a preferred embodiment, the surface electrodes comprise a transparent conductive oxide, the surface electrodes having a total thickness of 20 nm to 2 μm, particularly preferably from 50 nm to 1 μm, very particularly preferably from 100 nm to 600 nm and in particular from 300 nm to 500 nm exhibit. This achieves advantageous electrical contacting of the active layer and good horizontal conductivity of the layers.
Der Vorteil des Einsatzes eines elektrochromen Funktionselements gegenüber dem Einsatz eines PDLC-Funktionselements (PDLC = polymer dispersed liquid crystal) ist, dass der Grad der Transmission steuerbar ist. Es sind somit Zwischenabstufungen zwischen einem Zustand der Transparenz und einem Zustand der Intransparenz möglich. The advantage of using an electrochromic functional element compared to using a PDLC functional element (PDLC=polymer dispersed liquid crystal) is that the degree of transmission can be controlled. Intermediate gradations between a state of transparency and a state of non-transparency are thus possible.
Das Hologrammelement ist bevorzugt zwischen 10 pm und 500 pm dick, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 pm und 100 pm dick. Die optionale erste Substratschicht und die optionale zweite Substratschicht sind unabhängig voneinander beispielsweise 35 pm (Mikrometer) bis 60 pm dick und enthalten beispielsweise Polyamid (PA), Cellulosetriacetat (TAC) und/oder Polyethylenterephthalat (PET). The hologram element is preferably between 10 μm and 500 μm thick, particularly preferably between 10 μm and 100 μm thick. The optional first substrate layer and the optional second substrate layer are independently, for example, 35 pm (microns) to 60 pm thick and contain, for example, polyamide (PA), cellulose triacetate (TAC), and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Umfasst das Hologrammelement ein Photopolymer ais holographisches Material, so ist dieses bevorzugt 10 pm bis 100 pm, beispielsweise 16 pm, dick. Dem Fachmann sind geeignete Photopolymere bekannt. If the hologram element comprises a photopolymer as the holographic material, this is preferably 10 μm to 100 μm, for example 16 μm, thick. Suitable photopolymers are known to those skilled in the art.
Die erste Zwischenschicht und die optionale zweite Zwischenschicht können unabhängig voneinander durch eine einzelne Folie ausgebildet sein oder auch durch mehr als eine Folie. The first intermediate layer and the optional second intermediate layer can be formed independently of one another by a single film or by more than one film.
Die erste Zwischenschicht und/oder die optionale zweite Zwischenschicht können unabhängig voneinander auch eine funktionale Zwischenschicht sein, insbesondere eine Zwischenschicht mit akustisch dämpfenden Eigenschaften, eine Infrarotstrahlung reflektierende Zwischenschicht, eine Infrarotstrahlung absorbierende Zwischenschicht, eine UV-Strahlung absorbierende Zwischenschicht, eine zumindest abschnittsweise gefärbte Zwischenschicht und/oder eine zumindest abschnittsweise getönte Zwischenschicht. So kann die erste Zwischenschicht oder die zweite Zwischenschicht beispielsweise auch eine Bandfilterfolie sein. The first intermediate layer and/or the optional second intermediate layer can independently of one another also be a functional intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically dampening properties, an intermediate layer which reflects infrared radiation, an intermediate layer which absorbs infrared radiation, an intermediate layer which absorbs UV radiation, an intermediate layer which is colored at least in sections and /or an at least partially tinted intermediate layer. For example, the first intermediate layer or the second intermediate layer can also be a belt filter film.
Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe sind bevorzugt aus Glas gefertigt, besonders bevorzugt aus Kalk-Natron-Glas, wie es für Fensterscheiben üblich ist. Die Scheiben können aber auch aus anderen Glassorten gefertigt sein, beispielsweise Quarzglas, Borosilikatglas oder Alumino-Silikat-Glas, oder aus starren klaren Kunststoffen, beispielsweise Polycarbonat oder Polymethylmethacrylat. Die Scheiben können klar oder auch getönt oder gefärbt sein. Sofern die Verbundscheibe als Windschutzscheibe verwendet wird, sollten die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe im zentralen Sichtbereich eine ausreichende Lichttransmission aufweisen, bevorzugt mindestens 70 % im Haupt-Durchsichtbereich A gemäß ECE-R43. Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe sind bevorzugt gebogen, das heißt sie weisen eine Krümmung auf. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably of soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes. However, the panes can also be made from other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or alumino-silicate glass, or from rigid, clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. The panes can be clear or tinted or tinted. If the composite pane is used as a windshield, the outer pane and the inner pane should have sufficient light transmission in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A in accordance with ECE-R43. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably curved, ie they have a curvature.
Die Außenscheibe, die Innenscheibe, die erste Zwischenschicht und/oder die zweite Zwischenschicht können geeignete, an sich bekannte Beschichtungen aufweisen, beispielsweise Antireflexbeschichtungen, Antihaftbeschichtungen, Antikratzbeschichtungen, photokatalytische Beschichtungen oder Sonnenschutzbeschichtungen oder Low-E- Beschichtungen. Bei Sonnenschutzbeschichtungen sind spektral möglichst neutrale Beschichtungen bevorzugt. The outer pane, the inner pane, the first intermediate layer and/or the second intermediate layer can have suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings. In the case of sun protection coatings, coatings that are as spectrally neutral as possible are preferred.
Die Dicke der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe kann breit variieren und so den Erfordernissen im Einzelfall angepasst werden. Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe weisen bevorzugt Dicken von 0,5 mm bis 5 mm auf, besonders bevorzugt von 1 mm bis 3 mm, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 1 ,6 mm bis 2,1 mm. Beispielsweise weist die Außenscheibe eine Dicke von 2,1 mm auf und die Innenscheibe eine Dicke von 1 ,6 mm auf. Es kann sich bei der Außenscheibe oder insbesondere der Innenscheibe aber auch um Dünnglas mit einer Dicke von beispielsweise 0,55 mm handeln. The thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely and can thus be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The outer pane and the inner pane preferably have thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, very particularly preferably 1.6 mm to 2.1 mm. For example, the outer pane has a thickness of 2.1 mm and the inner pane has a thickness of 1.6 mm. However, the outer pane or in particular the inner pane can also be thin glass with a thickness of, for example, 0.55 mm.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe kann eine oder mehrere zusätzliche Zwischenschichten, insbesondere funktionale Zwischenschichten, umfassen. Bei einer zusätzlichen Zwischenschicht kann es sich insbesondere um eine Zwischenschicht mit akustisch dämpfenden Eigenschaften, eine Infrarotstrahlung reflektierende Zwischenschicht, eine Infrarotstrahlung absorbierende Zwischenschicht, eine UV-Strahlung absorbierende Zwischenschicht, eine zumindest abschnittsweise gefärbte Zwischenschicht und/oder eine zumindest abschnittsweise getönte Zwischenschicht handeln. Beim Vorhandensein mehrerer zusätzlicher Zwischenschichten können diese auch unterschiedliche Funktionen aufweisen. The laminated pane according to the invention can comprise one or more additional intermediate layers, in particular functional intermediate layers. An additional intermediate layer can be, in particular, an intermediate layer with acoustically dampening properties, an intermediate layer that reflects infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs UV radiation, an intermediate layer that is colored at least in sections and/or an intermediate layer that is tinted at least in sections. If several additional intermediate layers are present, these can also have different functions.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe kann zusätzlich einen Abdeckdruck, insbesondere aus einer dunklen, bevorzugt schwarzen, Emaille umfassen. Bei dem Abdeckdruck handelt es sich insbesondere um einen peripheren, d.h. rahmenartigen, Abdeckdruck. Der periphere Abdeckdruck dient in erster Linie als UV-Schutz für den Montagekleber der Verbundscheibe. Der Abdeckdruck kann opak und vollflächig ausgebildet sein. Der Abdeckdruck kann zumindest abschnittsweise auch semitransparent, beispielsweise als Punktraster, Streifenraster oder kariertes Raster ausgebildet sein. Alternativ kann der Abdeckdruck auch einen Gradienten aufweisen, beispielsweise von einer opaken Bedeckung zu einer semitransparenten Bedeckung. A laminated pane according to the invention can additionally include a cover print, in particular made of a dark, preferably black, enamel. The masking print is in particular a peripheral, i.e. frame-like, masking print. The peripheral masking print primarily serves as UV protection for the assembly adhesive of the laminated pane. The cover print can be opaque and full-surface. The cover print can also be semi-transparent, at least in sections, for example as a dot grid, stripe grid or checkered grid. Alternatively, the covering print can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque covering to a semi-transparent covering.
Die Erfindung umfasst auch eine Projektionsanordnung zur Darstellung von Informationen für einen Betrachter, mindestens umfassend eine erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe und einen Projektor, der von innen auf das Hologrammelement gerichtet ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe kann dabei wie oben in den verschiedenen Ausführungsformen beschrieben ausgebildet sein. Der Projektor der Projektionsanordnung sendet Licht mit Wellenlängen aus, auf die das Hologramm, bzw. bei Vorhandensein von mehr als einem Hologramm, die Hologramme des Holgrammelements ansprechen. The invention also includes a projection arrangement for displaying information for an observer, at least comprising a laminated pane according to the invention and a projector which is directed onto the hologram element from the inside. The composite pane according to the invention can be designed as described above in the various embodiments. The projector of the projection arrangement emits light with wavelengths to which the hologram or, if more than one hologram is present, the holograms of the hologram element respond.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundscheibe, wobei zumindest: a) eine Außenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche und einem in einem Bereich als Beschichtung der Innenfläche angeordneten elektrochromen Funktionselement, eine erste Zwischenschicht, eine Innenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche und ein Hologrammelement bereitgestellt werden, b) ein Schichtenstapel gebildet wird, in dem das Hologrammelement zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist, die erste Zwischenschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement oder zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist und das Hologrammelement in Durchsicht vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs angeordnet ist, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement angeordnet ist, c) der Schichtenstapel durch Lamination verbunden wird. The invention also relates to a method for producing a composite pane, wherein at least: a) an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface and an electrochromic functional element arranged in one area as a coating of the inner surface, a first intermediate layer, an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface and a hologram element are provided, b) a layer stack is formed in which the hologram element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element or between the inner pane and the hologram element and the hologram element is completely inside when viewed through of the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged, c) the layer stack is connected by lamination.
Es versteht sich, dass in Schritt b) mit Durchsicht die Durchsicht durch den Schichtenstapel gemeint ist. It goes without saying that in step b) looking through means looking through the stack of layers.
Das Hologrammelement kann als holographisches Material wie oben beschrieben beispielsweise Dichromatgelatine oder Silberhalogenide oder ein Photopolymer enthalten. The hologram element can contain, for example, dichromated gelatin or silver halides or a photopolymer as the holographic material as described above.
Das Hologrammelement kann in Schritt a) als unbelichtetes Hologrammelement aus lichtempfindlichem Material oder als das endgültige Hologrammelement mit aufgezeichnetem Hologramm bereitgestellt werden. Somit kann auch in Schritt b) die Bildung der Stapelfolge und in Schritt c) die Lamination mit dem unbelichteten Hologrammelement oder mit dem endgültigen Hologrammelement mit aufgezeichtetem Hologrammelement erfolgen. Es versteht sich, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei Bereitstellung des unbelichteten Hologrammelements in Schritt a) das Verfahren als zusätzlichen Schritt nach der Lamination des Schichtenstapels die Aufzeichnung mindestens eines Hologramms in dem Hologrammelement umfasst. Wie in den einzelnen Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe erläutert, kann das Hologrammelement neben einem holographischen Material optional eine erste Substratschicht und/oder eine zweite Substratschicht umfassen. The hologram element can be provided in step a) as an unexposed hologram element from photosensitive material or as the final hologram element with a recorded hologram. Thus, in step b) the stacking sequence can also be formed and in step c) the lamination with the unexposed hologram element or with the final hologram element with a recorded hologram element can take place. It goes without saying that when the unexposed hologram element is provided in step a), the method according to the invention comprises the recording of at least one hologram in the hologram element as an additional step after the lamination of the layer stack. As explained in the individual embodiments of the composite pane according to the invention, the hologram element can optionally include a first substrate layer and/or a second substrate layer in addition to a holographic material.
Zur Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheiben, in welchen das Hologrammelement zwischen einer ersten Zwischenschicht und einer zweiten Zwischenschicht angeordnet ist, umfasst das Verfahren zusätzlich in Schritt a) die Bereitstellung der zweiten Zwischenschicht und in Schritt b) wird ein Schichtenstapel gebildet, in dem das Hologrammelement zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist, die erste Zwischenschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist, die zweite Zwischenschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem Hologrammelement angeordnet ist und das Hologrammelement in Durchsicht vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs angeordnet ist, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement angeordnet ist, To produce laminated panes according to the invention, in which the hologram element is arranged between a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer, the method additionally comprises in step a) the provision of the second intermediate layer and in step b) a layer stack is formed in which the hologram element is between the outer pane and the inner pane is arranged, the first intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the hologram element, the second intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the hologram element and the hologram element is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged when viewed through,
Die Lamination der Stapelfolge kann mittels geläufiger Laminationsverfahren erfolgen. Es können beispielsweise sogenannte Autoklavverfahren bei einem erhöhten Druck von etwa 10 bar bis 15 bar und Temperaturen von 130 °C bis 145 °C über etwa 2 Stunden durchgeführt werden. Alternativ sind auch autoklavfreie Verfahren möglich. An sich bekannte Vakuumsackoder Vakuumringverfahren arbeiten beispielsweise bei etwa 200 mbar und 80 °C bis 110 °C. Die Stapelfolge kann auch in einem Kalander zwischen mindestens einem Walzenpaar zu einer Verbundscheibe verpresst werden. Anlagen dieser Art sind zur Herstellung von Scheiben bekannt und verfügen normalerweise über mindestens einen Heiztunnel vor einem Presswerk. Die Temperatur während des Pressvorgangs beträgt beispielsweise von 40 °C bis 150 °C. Kombinationen von Kalander- und Autoklavverfahren haben sich in der Praxis besonders bewährt. Alternativ können Vakuumlaminatoren eingesetzt werden. Diese bestehen aus einer oder mehreren beheizbaren und evakuierbaren Kammern, in denen die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe innerhalb von beispielsweise etwa 60 Minuten bei verminderten Drücken von 0,01 mbar bis 800 mbar und Temperaturen von 80 °C bis 170 °C laminiert werden. The stacking sequence can be laminated using common lamination methods. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours. Alternatively, autoclave-free processes are also possible. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80°C to 110°C. The stack sequence can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Plants of this type are known for the production of discs and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more heatable and evacuatable chambers in which the outer pane and the inner pane are laminated within about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 °C to 170 °C.
Die vorstehend im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen gelten in gleicher Weise auch für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren. Die Erfindung umfasst außerdem die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit einem holographischen Element und einem elektrochromen Funktionselement als Innenverglasung oder Außenverglasung in einem Fahrzeug oder einem Gebäude, insbesondere als Fahrzeugscheibe in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr auf dem Land, in der Luft oder zu Wasser, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen und insbesondere als Windschutzscheibe, die als eine Projektionsfläche dient. The configurations described above in connection with the composite pane according to the invention also apply in the same way to the method according to the invention. The invention also includes the use of a composite pane according to the invention with a holographic element and an electrochromic functional element as interior glazing or exterior glazing in a vehicle or a building, in particular as a vehicle pane in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles and particularly as a windshield serving as a projection surface.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung findet die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe als Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs zum autonomen Fahren Verwendung. In a preferred embodiment of the use according to the invention, the composite pane according to the invention is used as a windscreen of a vehicle for autonomous driving.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von Zeichnungen und Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Zeichnungen sind schematische Darstellungen und nicht maßstabsgetreu. Die Zeichnungen schränken die Erfindung in keiner Weise ein. Es zeigen: The invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and not to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100, 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention,
Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100, Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention shown in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100, 3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention,
Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100, 4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention,
Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100, 5 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention,
Fig. 6 einen Querschnitt durch die in der Fig. 5 gezeigte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100, Fig. 6 shows a cross section through the embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention shown in Fig. 5,
Fig. 7 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen7 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of one according to the invention
Verbundscheibe 100, compound pane 100,
Fig. 8 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen8 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of one according to the invention
Verbundscheibe 100, und Composite pane 100, and
Fig. 9 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens anhand eines 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention using a
Flussdiagramms. Fig. 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 und in der Fig. 2 ist der Querschnitt durch die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 entlang der Schnittlinie X-X‘ dargestellt. In der in der Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform weist die Verbundscheibe 100 eine Oberkante O, eine Unterkante U und zwei Seitenkanten S auf. Wie in der Fig. 2 dargestellt, umfasst die Verbundscheibe 100 eine Außenscheibe 1 mit einer Außenfläche I und einer Innenfläche II, eine erste Zwischenschicht 3, ein Hologrammelement 4, ein elektrochromes Funktionselement 5 und eine Innenscheibe 2 mit einer Außenfläche III und einer Innenfläche IV. In der in der Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist das Hologrammelement 4 vollflächig zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und der Innenscheibe 2 angeordnet, die erste Zwischenschicht 3 ist vollflächig zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und dem Hologrammelement 4 angeordnet und das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 ist vollflächig als Beschichtung auf der Innenfläche II der Außenscheibe 1 angeordnet und beispielsweise wie in US 7372610 B2 beschrieben aufgebaut. flowchart. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention, and FIG. 2 shows the cross section through the embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 along section line XX′. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the laminated pane 100 has an upper edge O, a lower edge U and two side edges S. As shown in Fig. 2, the composite pane 100 comprises an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II, a first intermediate layer 3, a hologram element 4, an electrochromic functional element 5 and an inner pane 2 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hologram element 4 is arranged over the entire surface between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2, the first intermediate layer 3 is arranged over the entire surface between the outer pane 1 and the hologram element 4 and the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged over the entire surface as a coating arranged on the inner surface II of the outer pane 1 and constructed, for example, as described in US Pat. No. 7,372,610 B2.
Die Außenscheibe 1 besteht beispielsweise aus Kalk-Natron-Glas und ist 2,1 mm dick. Die Innenscheibe 2 besteht beispielsweise aus Kalk-Natron-Glas und ist 1 ,6 mm dick. The outer pane 1 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 2.1 mm thick. The inner pane 2 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 1.6 mm thick.
Die erste Zwischenschicht 3 ist in der in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform beispielsweise eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht und besteht beispielsweise aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) und ist 0,76 mm dick. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first intermediate layer 3 is, for example, a thermoplastic intermediate layer and consists, for example, of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and is 0.76 mm thick.
Das Hologrammelement 4 besteht in der in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform beispielsweise aus einer Dichromatgelatine als holographisches Material, welche als Beschichtung auf der Außenfläche III der Innenscheibe 2 ausgebildet ist und eine Dicke von beispielsweise 100 pm aufweist. Alternativ kann die Außenfläche III der Innenscheibe 2 auch mit einem Silberhalogenid als Hologrammelement 4 beschichtet sein. Optional kann das Hologrammelement 4 neben dem holographischen Material noch eine Substratschicht umfassen, wobei die Substratschicht direkt benachbart zur ersten Zwischenschicht 3 angeordnet ist. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hologram element 4 consists, for example, of a dichromated gelatin as the holographic material, which is formed as a coating on the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 and has a thickness of, for example, 100 μm. Alternatively, the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 can also be coated with a silver halide as a hologram element 4 . Optionally, the hologram element 4 can also comprise a substrate layer in addition to the holographic material, the substrate layer being arranged directly adjacent to the first intermediate layer 3 .
Die in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 kann beispielsweise als Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs zum autonomen Fahren Verwendung finden. In der Fig. 3 ist ein Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 dargestellt. Die in der Fig. 3 im Querschnitt dargestellte Verbundscheibe 100 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 2 dargestellten dahingehend, dass die erste Zwischenschicht 3 zwischen der Innenscheibe 2 und dem Hologrammelement 4 angeordnet ist. The embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle for autonomous driving. 3 shows a cross section of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention. The laminated pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 3 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 in that the first intermediate layer 3 is arranged between the inner pane 2 and the hologram element 4 .
In der Fig. 4 ist ein Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 dargestellt. Die in der Fig. 4 im Querschnitt dargestellte Verbundscheibe 100 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 3 dargestellten dahingehend, dass zwischen dem Hologrammelement 4 und der Außenscheibe 1 eine zweite Zwischenschicht 6 angeordnet ist. In der in der Fig. 4 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist das Hologrammelement 4 bevorzugt ein Hologrammelement, das als holographisches Material ein Photopolymer umfasst, welches zwischen zwei Substratschichten angeordnet ist (in der Fig. 4 nicht näher dargestellt). In der in der Fig. 4 gezeigten Ausführungsform sind die erste Zwischenschicht 3 und die zweite Zwischenschicht 6 beispielsweise thermoplastische Zwischenschichten enthaltend Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) und sind beispielsweise jeweils 0,38 mm dick. Alternativ kann die erste Zwischenschicht 3 auch ein optisch klarer Kleber (OCA) sein und/oder die zweite Zwischenschicht 6 kann ein optisch klarer Kleber (OCA) sein. FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention. The laminated pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 4 differs from that shown in FIG. 3 in that a second intermediate layer 6 is arranged between the hologram element 4 and the outer pane 1 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the hologram element 4 is preferably a hologram element that comprises a photopolymer as the holographic material, which is arranged between two substrate layers (not shown in more detail in FIG. 4). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the first intermediate layer 3 and the second intermediate layer 6 are, for example, thermoplastic intermediate layers containing polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and are each 0.38 mm thick, for example. Alternatively, the first intermediate layer 3 can also be an optically clear adhesive (OCA) and/or the second intermediate layer 6 can be an optically clear adhesive (OCA).
Fig. 5 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 und in der Fig. 6 ist der Querschnitt durch die in der Fig. 5 gezeigte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 entlang der Schnittlinie X-X‘ dargestellt. Die in den Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 unterscheidet sich von der in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten insbesondere dahingehend, dass das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 nur in einem unteren Randbereich der Verbundscheibe, unmittelbar angrenzend an die Unterkante U der Verbundscheibe 100 angeordnet ist. Der Bereich, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 als Beschichtung auf der Innenseite II der Außenscheibe 1 aufgebracht ist, ist in der Fig. 5 mit dem Bezugszeichen C versehen und die äußeren Abmessungen des elektrochromen Funktionselements 5 sind gepunktet dargestellt. Der Bereich, in dem das Hologrammelement 4 angeordnet ist, ist mit dem Bezugszeichen D versehen und die äußeren Abmessungen des Hologrammelements 4 sind gestrichelt dargestellt. Wie aus der Fig. 5 ersichtlich ist, ist das Hologrammelement 4 von den äußeren Abmessungen her kleiner als das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 und in senkrechter Sicht durch die Verbundscheibe 100 vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs C, d.h. vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 angeordnet ist, angeordnet. FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention, and FIG. 6 shows the cross section through the embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 5 along section line XX′. The embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6 differs from that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in particular in that the electrochromic functional element 5 is only in a lower edge region of the composite pane, directly adjacent to the lower edge U of the composite pane 100 is arranged. The area in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is applied as a coating on the inside II of the outer pane 1 is provided with the reference symbol C in FIG. 5 and the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element 5 are shown in dotted lines. The area in which the hologram element 4 is arranged is provided with the reference symbol D and the outer dimensions of the hologram element 4 are shown in broken lines. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the outer dimensions of the hologram element 4 are smaller than the electrochromic functional element 5 and when viewed perpendicularly through the laminated pane 100 is arranged completely within the area C, ie completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged.
Es versteht sich, dass die Schichtenabfolge der einzelnen Schichten zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und der Innenscheibe 2 alternativ auch analog zu den in den Fig. 3 und 4 gezeigten Schichtenabfolge sein kein. It goes without saying that the layer sequence of the individual layers between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 can alternatively also be analogous to the layer sequence shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
Die in den Fig. 5 und 6 gezeigte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 kann beispielsweise als Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs Verwendung finden. Dadurch, dass das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 nur in einem unteren Randbereich der Verbundscheibe 100 angeordnet ist, ist auch bei Aktivierung des elektrochromen Funktionselements 5 die gesetzlich geforderte Transparenz der Verbundscheibe 100 im Hauptsichtbereich des Fahrzeugführers weiterhin gegeben. The embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle. Due to the fact that the electrochromic functional element 5 is only arranged in a lower edge area of the laminated pane 100, the legally required transparency of the laminated pane 100 in the main field of vision of the vehicle driver is still given even when the electrochromic functional element 5 is activated.
Fig. 7 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100. Die in der Fig. 7 gezeigte Ausgestaltung unterscheidet sich von den zuvor gezeigten Ausgestaltungen dadurch, dass das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 und das Hologrammelement 4 die gleichen äußeren Ausmessungen aufweisen, in senkrechter Sicht durch die Verbundscheibe bündig übereinander angeordnet sind und in einem unteren Randbereich der Verbundscheibe 100 angeordnet sind. Der Bereich C, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 angeordnet ist, und der Bereich D, in dem das Hologrammelement 4 angeordnet ist, sind somit deckungsgleich. 7 shows a top view of a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 differs from the embodiments shown previously in that the electrochromic functional element 5 and the hologram element 4 have the same external dimensions, viewed vertically are arranged flush one above the other through the composite pane and are arranged in a lower edge area of the composite pane 100 . The area C in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged and the area D in which the hologram element 4 is arranged are therefore congruent.
Die in Fig. 7 gezeigte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 kann beispielsweise als Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs Verwendung finden. Dadurch, dass das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 nur in einem unteren Randbereich der Verbundscheibe 100 angeordnet ist, ist auch bei Aktivierung des elektrochromen Funktionselements 5 die gesetzlich geforderte Transparenz der Verbundscheibe 100 im Hauptsichtbereich des Fahrzeugführers weiterhin gegeben. The embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 7 can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle. Due to the fact that the electrochromic functional element 5 is only arranged in a lower edge area of the laminated pane 100, the legally required transparency of the laminated pane 100 in the main field of vision of the vehicle driver is still given even when the electrochromic functional element 5 is activated.
Fig. 8 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100. Die in der Fig. 8 gezeigte Ausgestaltung unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 7 gezeigten nur dadurch, dass sowohl das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 als auch das Hologrammelement 4 sich vollflächig abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereichs von beispielsweise 20 mm erstrecken. Die in der Fig. 8 gezeigte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 kann beispielsweise als Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs zum autonomen Fahren Verwendung finden. Fig. 8 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in Fig. 8 differs from that shown in Fig extend a peripheral edge area of 20 mm, for example. The embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 8 can be used, for example, as a windshield of a vehicle for autonomous driving.
Fig. 9 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100 anhand eines Flussdiagramms umfassend die Schritte: 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a laminated pane 100 according to the invention using a flowchart, comprising the steps:
P1 Bereitstellung einer Außenscheibe 1 mit einer Außenfläche I und einer Innenfläche II und einem in einem Bereich als Beschichtung der Innenfläche II angeordneten elektrochromen Funktionselement 5, einer ersten Zwischenschicht 3, einer Innenscheibe 2 mit einer Außenfläche III und einer Innenfläche IV und eines Hologrammelements 4. P1 Provision of an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II and an electrochromic functional element 5 arranged in a region as a coating of the inner surface II, a first intermediate layer 3, an inner pane 2 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV and a hologram element 4.
P2 Bildung eines Schichtenstapels, in dem das Hologrammelement 4 zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und der Innenscheibe 2 angeordnet ist, die erste Zwischenschicht 3 zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und dem Hologrammelement 4 oder zwischen der Innenscheibe 2 und dem Hologrammelement 4 angeordnet ist und das Hologrammelement 4 in Durchsicht vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs angeordnet ist, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement 5 angeordnet ist. P2 Formation of a layer stack in which the hologram element 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2, the first intermediate layer 3 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the hologram element 4 or between the inner pane 2 and the hologram element 4 and the hologram element 4 is seen through is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged.
P3 Verbinden des Schichtenstapels durch Lamination. P3 Joining the stack of layers by lamination.
Bezugszeichenliste: Reference list:
1 Außenscheibe 1 outer pane
2 Innenscheibe 2 inner pane
3 erste Zwischenschicht 3 first intermediate layer
4 Hologrammelement 4 hologram element
5 elektrochromes Funktionselement 5 electrochromic functional element
6 zweite Zwischenschicht 6 second intermediate layer
100 Verbundscheibe 100 Composite Disc
I Außenfläche der Außenscheibe 1 I Outer surface of outer pane 1
II Innenfläche der Außenscheibe 1 II Inner surface of the outer pane 1
III Außenfläche der Innenscheibe 2 III Outer surface of inner pane 2
IV Innenfläche der Innenscheibe 2 IV Inner surface of inner pane 2
C Bereich des elektrochromen FunktionselementsC Area of the electrochromic functional element
D Bereich des Hologrammelements D Area of the hologram element
O Oberkante O top edge
U Unterkante U lower edge
S Seitenkante S side edge
X-X‘ Schnittlinie X-X' cutting line

Claims

22 22
Patentansprüche Verbundscheibe (100), mindestens umfassend eine Außenscheibe (1) mit einer Außenfläche (I) und einer Innenfläche (II), eine erste Zwischenschicht (3), ein Hologrammelement (4), ein elektrochromes Funktionselement (5) und eine Innenscheibe (2) mit einer Außenfläche (III) und einer Innenfläche (IV), wobei das Hologrammelement (4) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und der Innenscheibe Claims Composite pane (100), at least comprising an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), a first intermediate layer (3), a hologram element (4), an electrochromic functional element (5) and an inner pane (2nd ) having an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV), the hologram element (4) between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane
(2) angeordnet ist, die erste Zwischenschicht (2) is arranged, the first intermediate layer
(3) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und dem Hologrammelement (4) oder zwischen der Innenscheibe (2) und dem Hologrammelement (4) angeordnet ist, das elektrochrome Funktionselement (5) in einem Bereich der Verbundscheibe (100) als Beschichtung auf der Innenfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (1) angeordnet ist und das Hologrammelement (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the hologram element (4) or between the inner pane (2) and the hologram element (4), the electrochromic functional element (5) in a region of the composite pane (100) as a coating on the inner surface (II) the outer pane (1) is arranged and the hologram element
(4) in senkrechter Sicht durch die Verbundscheibe (100) vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs angeordnet ist, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement (4) is arranged in a vertical view through the composite pane (100) completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element
(5) angeordnet ist. Verbundscheibe nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das Hologrammelement (4) ein holographisches Material und optional eine erste Substratschicht und/oder eine zweite Substratschicht umfasst. Verbundscheibe (100) nach Anspruch 2, wobei das holographisches Material ein Photopolymer, Dichromatgelatine oder Silberhalogenide umfasst. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die erste Zwischenschicht (3) zwischen der Innenscheibe (2) und dem Hologrammelement (4) angeordnet ist. Verbundscheibe (100) nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Hologrammelement (4) als holographisches Material Dichromatgelatine oder Silberhalogenide umfasst und als eine Beschichtung der Außenfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (2) ausgebildet ist und die erste Zwischenschicht (3) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und dem Hologrammelement (4) angeordnet ist. (5) is arranged. Laminated pane according to claim 1, wherein the hologram element (4) comprises a holographic material and optionally a first substrate layer and/or a second substrate layer. The laminated disk (100) of claim 2, wherein the holographic material comprises a photopolymer, dichromated gelatin, or silver halides. Composite pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, the first intermediate layer (3) being arranged between the inner pane (2) and the hologram element (4). Laminated pane (100) according to Claim 2, in which the hologram element (4) comprises dichromated gelatine or silver halide as the holographic material and is formed as a coating on the outer surface (III) of the inner pane (2) and the first intermediate layer (3) between the outer pane (1) and the hologram element (4) is arranged.
6. Verbundscheibe (100) nach Anspruch 4, zusätzlich umfassend eine zweite6. Laminated glazing (100) according to claim 4, additionally comprising a second
Zwischenschicht (6), welche zwischen dem Hologrammelement (4) und derIntermediate layer (6), which between the hologram element (4) and the
Außenscheibe (1) angeordnet ist. Outer pane (1) is arranged.
7. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 wobei die erste7. laminated disc (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the first
Zwischenschicht (3) eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht oder ein optisch klarerInterlayer (3) a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear one
Kleber (OCA) ist. Glue (OCA) is.
8. Verbundscheibe (100) nach Anspruch 6, wobei die zweite Zwischenschicht (6) eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht oder ein optisch klarer Kleber (OCA) ist. 8. Laminated glazing (100) according to claim 6, wherein the second interlayer (6) is a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA).
9. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei sich das elektrochrome Funktionselement (5) und das Hologrammelement (4) über mindestens 5 %, bevorzugt über mindestens 10 %, besonders bevorzugt über mindestens 50 %, ganz besonders über mindestens 90 % der Fläche der Verbundscheibe (100) erstrecken. 9. Laminated pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the electrochromic functional element (5) and the hologram element (4) differ by at least 5%, preferably by at least 10%, particularly preferably by at least 50%, very particularly by at least 90% of the surface of the composite pane (100) extend.
10. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei das elektrochrome Funktionselement (5) in einem Randbereich der Verbundscheibe (100), bevorzugt in einem unteren Randbereich der Verbundscheibe (100), angeordnet ist. 10. Composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the electrochromic functional element (5) is arranged in an edge area of the composite pane (100), preferably in a lower edge area of the composite pane (100).
11. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die äußeren Abmessungen des elektrochromen Funktionselements (5) den äußeren Abmessungen des Hologrammelements (4) entsprechen. 11. Composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the outer dimensions of the electrochromic functional element (5) correspond to the outer dimensions of the hologram element (4).
12. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die äußeren Abmessungen des elektrochromen Funktionselements (5) größer als die äußeren Abmessungen des Hologrammelements (4) sind. 12. Composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the outer dimensions of the electrochromic functional element (5) are larger than the outer dimensions of the hologram element (4).
13. Projektionsanordnung umfassend eine Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 und einen Projektor, der von innen auf das Hologrammelement (4) gerichtet ist. 13. projection arrangement comprising a laminated pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and a projector which is directed from the inside onto the hologram element (4).
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis14. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to
12, wobei zumindest a) eine Außenscheibe (1) mit einer Außenfläche (I) und einer Innenfläche (II) und einem in einem Bereich als Beschichtung der Innenfläche (II) angeordneten elektrochromen Funktionselement (5), eine erste Zwischenschicht (3), eine Innenscheibe (2) mit einer Außenfläche (III) und einer Innenfläche (IV) und ein Hologrammelement (4) bereitgestellt werden, b) ein Schichtenstapel gebildet wird, in dem das Hologrammelement (4) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und der Innenscheibe (2) angeordnet ist, die erste Zwischenschicht (3) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und dem Hologrammelement (4) oder zwischen der Innenscheibe (2) und dem Hologrammelement (4) angeordnet ist und das Hologrammelement (4) in Durchsicht vollständig innerhalb des Bereichs angeordnet ist, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement (5) angeordnet ist, c) der Schichtenstapel durch Lamination verbunden wird. 12, where at least a) an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II) and an electrochromic functional element (5) arranged in one area as a coating of the inner surface (II), a first intermediate layer (3), an inner pane (2) are provided with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV) and a hologram element (4), b) a layer stack is formed in which the hologram element (4) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), the first intermediate layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the hologram element (4) or between the inner pane (2) and the hologram element (4) and the hologram element (4) is arranged completely within the area in which the electrochromic functional element (5) is arranged, c) the layer stack is connected by lamination.
15. Verwendung einer Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 als15. Use of a composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 as
Innenverglasung oder Außenverglasung in einem Fahrzeug oder einem Gebäude, insbesondere als Fahrzeugscheibe in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr auf dem Land, in der Luft oder zu Wasser, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen und insbesondere als Windschutzscheibe, die als eine Projektionsfläche dient. Interior glazing or exterior glazing in a vehicle or a building, in particular as a vehicle window in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles and in particular as a windscreen serving as a projection surface.
PCT/EP2021/081103 2020-11-11 2021-11-09 Laminated pane comprising a hologram element and an electrochromic functional element WO2022101194A1 (en)

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CN202180004642.7A CN114829138A (en) 2020-11-11 2021-11-09 Composite glass plate with hologram element and electrochromic functional element

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EP20206834.2 2020-11-11
EP20206834 2020-11-11

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DE (1) DE202021004233U1 (en)
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