WO2022100583A1 - 一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统 - Google Patents

一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022100583A1
WO2022100583A1 PCT/CN2021/129614 CN2021129614W WO2022100583A1 WO 2022100583 A1 WO2022100583 A1 WO 2022100583A1 CN 2021129614 W CN2021129614 W CN 2021129614W WO 2022100583 A1 WO2022100583 A1 WO 2022100583A1
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Prior art keywords
containment
heat
air
shielding
cooling system
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PCT/CN2021/129614
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郑云涛
杨长江
孙燕宇
黄树亮
周喆
陈巧艳
李云屹
周蓝宇
刘佳泰
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中国核电工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2022100583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022100583A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
    • G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
    • G21C15/253—Promoting flow of the coolant for gases, e.g. blowers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
    • G21C15/26—Promoting flow of the coolant by convection, e.g. using chimneys, using divergent channels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of nuclear technology, and in particular, to a passive containment air cooling system.
  • the passive containment cooling system is a system that drives out the heat in the containment through natural forces (such as natural circulation, natural convection and gravity) after an accident such as a reactor coolant system (RCS) water loss accident or a rupture of the main steam pipeline, to Ensure the structural integrity of the containment.
  • natural forces such as natural circulation, natural convection and gravity
  • RCS reactor coolant system
  • the cooling methods of passive containment cooling system in nuclear power plant design include water cooling, air cooling, and a combination of water cooling and air cooling.
  • the passive containment cooling system that adopts a combination of water cooling and air cooling usually uses a steel containment as a heat conductor, and a concrete shielding workshop is set outside the containment for protection.
  • the Westinghouse AP1000 uses a steel containment top
  • a concrete shielding workshop is set up outside.
  • Air cooling can be used to dissipate waste heat.
  • the present disclosure provides a passive containment air cooling system, which can weaken the radiation heat exchange between the containment and the shielding workshop, prevent the temperature rise of the shielding workshop from being too high, and ensure the structure of the shielding workshop. Integrity, it can also improve the heat capacity of the air to ensure that the temperature and pressure in the containment are at low values, so as to improve the safety of the containment.
  • the present disclosure provides a passive containment air cooling system, which includes a shielded building, a containment, and a heat insulating member,
  • the shielding factory building is surrounded by the containment shell, and an air flow channel is formed between the two.
  • the shielding factory building is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air flow channel passes through the air inlet and the air outlet. communication with the external atmospheric environment;
  • the heat insulating element is arranged in the air flow channel and distributed along the circumferential direction of the shielding factory building.
  • the inner wall and the outer wall of the insulating element are respectively opposite to the containment shell and the shielding factory building, so as to weaken the containment shell and the shielding factory building. Radiant heat exchange between them, and improve the heat-carrying capacity of the air in the air flow channel.
  • the passive containment air cooling system can not only weaken the radiation heat exchange between the containment and the shielding plant to a certain extent, prevent the temperature rise of the shielding plant from being too high, thereby ensuring the structural integrity of the shielding plant, but also
  • the radiant heat exchange between the containment and the heat insulator can be used to transfer part of the heat in the containment to the heat insulator.
  • the heat insulation board forms a double-wall heating for the air in the air flow channel, which increases the heat exchange area for the air, thereby improving the heat capacity of the air. , to realize the diversified export of heat in the containment by the air and the shielding workshop, so as to ensure that the temperature and pressure in the containment are at a low value, thereby improving the safety of the containment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive containment air cooling system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the heat insulating member in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heat insulating member of FIG. 1 .
  • 1-shielding workshop 2-containment shell; 3-air flow channel; 4-insulation piece; 5-air inlet; 6-air outlet; 7-low emissivity layer; 8-high emissivity layer; 9- fins.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive containment air cooling system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the heat insulating member of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heat insulating member of FIG. 1 .
  • the present embodiment discloses a passive containment air cooling system, including a shielding workshop 1, a containment 2, and a heat insulating member 4, wherein:
  • the shielding factory building 1 is surrounded by the containment shell 2 and can play a protective role. A certain distance is left between the shielding factory building 1 and the containment shell 2, so that an air flow channel 3 is formed between the two.
  • the shielding workshop 1 is provided with an air inlet 5 and an air outlet 4, and the air flow channel 3 communicates with the external atmosphere through the air inlet 5 and the air outlet 6, so that the air in the atmospheric environment can freely enter the air flow channel through the air inlet 5 3, and is discharged from the air channel 3 through the air outlet 6.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid ejected from the breach enters the containment 2, causing the temperature and pressure in the containment 2 to rise.
  • the shielding workshop may be a wall made of concrete.
  • the heat insulation member 4 is arranged in the air flow channel 3 and distributed along the circumferential direction of the shielding workshop 1, so that the inner wall and the outer wall of the heat insulation member 4 are respectively opposite to the outer wall of the containment 2 and the inner wall of the shielding workshop 1, so as to weaken the containment 2 Radiant heat exchange with the shielding workshop 1, and improve the heat-carrying capacity of the air in the air flow channel 3. Specifically, part of the heat of the containment 2 is exported to the air in the air flow channel 3 through convection heat exchange, and part of the heat is exported to the heat insulation member 4 through radiation heat exchange, and the heat insulation member 4 is then transferred through radiation heat exchange.
  • the heat insulation element 4 also conducts a part of the heat to the air in the air channel 3 through convection heat exchange.
  • the heat insulating member 4 not only weakens the radiation heat exchange between the containment vessel 4 and the shielding factory building 1, so that the shielding factory building 1 can also act as an endothermic heat sink to absorb a part of the heat of the containment vessel to a certain extent, but Its temperature will not rise to a higher temperature that affects its own structural integrity due to too strong radiation heat transfer, that is, it can ensure that the temperature of the shielding workshop 1 can meet its safety design value. 2.
  • the double-wall heating of the air in the air channel 3 is formed, the heat exchange area for the air is increased, the air flow in the air channel 3 can be promoted, and the heat capacity of the air can be improved.
  • the diversified export of the shielding workshop ensures that the temperature and pressure in the containment vessel 1 are at low values, thereby improving the safety of the containment vessel.
  • the heat insulating member 4 includes a heat insulating plate. As shown in FIG. 2 , the cross section of the heat insulating plate is annular, and the heat insulating plate covers the outside of the containment vessel 2 , and its height is higher than that of the containment vessel.
  • the thickness of the insulation board is generally not more than 2.0cm, which can be selected according to the material and composition of the insulation board.
  • the side top of the heat insulation board is connected to the inner wall of the shielding workshop 1 to install and fix the heat insulation board.
  • the side bottom of the heat insulation board can also be connected to the inner wall of the shielding workshop 1.
  • the number of holes may be one or more, preferably a plurality of holes are provided, and the plurality of holes are distributed along the circumferential direction of the heat insulating member 4 .
  • the distance between the thermal insulation board and the shielding plant 1 is smaller than the distance between the thermal insulation board and the containment 2, that is, the thermal insulation board is arranged close to the shielding plant 1, for example, the distance between the thermal insulation board and the shielding plant 1 It can be 1.0m, and the distance between the heat shield and the containment 2 can be 0.2m, which can increase the space for the air circulation 3 between the heat shield and the containment 2, further improve the air heating capacity, and ensure safety.
  • the temperature and pressure in the shell 1 are low.
  • the number of heat shields may be one or more.
  • the heat insulation board is a single-layer heat insulation board structure.
  • the heat insulation board divides the annular air flow channel 3 into two channels on both sides of the heat insulation board. It is communicated with the air inlet 5 and the air outlet 6 on the shielding factory building 1; when there are multiple heat insulating plates, the multiple insulating plates are sequentially arranged in the air flow channel 3 between the containment shell 2 and the shielding factory building 1 from the inside to the outside. , constitutes a multi-layer heat insulation board structure, and there are gaps between each heat insulation board.
  • the air flow channel 3 is divided by a plurality of heat insulation boards to include the heat insulation board and the containment shell 2 or the shielding workshop 1, and There are multiple channels between two adjacent heat insulation boards, and each channel is connected with the air inlet 5 and the air outlet 6 on the shielding workshop 1.
  • the contact area with the air can be increased, and the air resistance can be improved.
  • the convective heat exchange efficiency is improved, thereby further improving the air-carrying heat capacity and ensuring that the temperature and pressure in the containment 2 are at a lower value.
  • the heat shield includes a plurality of plate units, which are connected in sequence and distributed circumferentially outside the containment 2 to form an annular heat shield.
  • the plate unit may be a plate-like structure made of aluminum alloy or steel material, and its surface is in the shape of a flat plate, a corrugated plate, or a corrugated plate.
  • fins 9 are provided on the heat insulating plate to increase the contact area with the air, improve the heating efficiency of the air, and thereby improve the air heating capacity.
  • the fins 9 can be arranged on the inner wall of the heat insulation board (that is, the side facing the containment 2 ); On one side); it can also be set on the inner wall and the outer wall of the heat insulation board at the same time.
  • the number of fins 9 is preferably multiple, and one end of each fin 9 is connected to the heat insulation board, and the other end of the fin 9 extends outward in a vertical direction (preferably arranged upward) and protrudes out of the heat insulation board.
  • the heat insulating member 4 further includes a low emissivity layer 7 , which is coated on the outer wall of the heat shield, and its emissivity is preferably lower than 0.3, so as to further weaken the shielding powerhouse 1 . Radiant heat exchange.
  • the low emissivity layer 7 may be a metal-resin composite coating material.
  • other coating materials or paints with low emissivity can also be used, and surface treatments such as polishing and plating (such as chrome plating, galvanizing, etc.) can also be used.
  • the heat shield 4 further includes a high emissivity layer 8, and the high emissivity layer 8 is coated on the inner wall of the heat shield.
  • the convective heat transfer efficiency of the air between the plates improves the heat-carrying capacity of the air and ensures that the temperature and pressure in the containment are at a lower value.
  • the high emissivity layer 8 may be an epoxy material.
  • other coating materials or paints with high emissivity can also be used, and surface treatments such as black anodizing can also be used.
  • the emissivity can be increased from about 0.2 to about 0.92, which can significantly improve the convective heat transfer efficiency of the air between the containment 1 and the heat shield.
  • the air inlet 5 is provided at the bottom or the lower part of the shielded workshop 1 , and there may be multiple air inlets 5 , and the multiple air inlets 5 may be arranged along the circumferential direction of the shielded workshop 1 , and the air outlet 6 is provided in the shielded housing workshop 1 the top or top of the . After the air in the atmospheric environment enters the air flow channel 3, it circulates from bottom to top, and takes away the heat of the containment, so as to realize passive cooling of the containment.
  • the passive containment air cooling system of this embodiment can not only weaken the radiation heat exchange between the containment and the shielding workshop to a certain extent, prevent the temperature rise of the shielding workshop from being too high, thereby ensuring the structural integrity of the shielding workshop, but also can Using the radiative heat exchange between the containment and the heat insulator, part of the heat in the containment is transferred to the heat insulator, and the heat insulator receives the radiant heat and then heats the air by convection heat exchange, so that the containment and the heat insulator are heated.
  • the heat insulation plate forms a double-wall heat exchange heating for the air in the air flow channel, which increases the heat exchange area for the air, thereby improving the air heating capacity.
  • the shielding plant can be used as a heat sink to absorb heat after the heat insulation element is installed, so as to realize the diversified heat dissipation of the air and the shielding plant to the heat in the containment, so as to ensure that the temperature and pressure in the containment are kept at a lower level. value to improve the security of the containment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
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Abstract

本公开提供一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统。该系统包括屏蔽厂房、安全壳、以及隔热件，所述屏蔽厂房包围在所述安全壳外，在两者之间形成空气流道，所述屏蔽厂房上设有空气入口和空气出口，所述空气流道通过所述空气入口、所述空气出口与外部大气环境连通；所述隔热件设于所述空气流道内，并沿屏蔽厂房周向分布，所述隔热件的内壁和外壁分别与所述安全壳、所述屏蔽厂房相对。本公开可以削弱安全壳与屏蔽厂房之间的辐射换热，防止屏蔽厂房温升过高，确保屏蔽厂房的结构完整性，并提高所述空气流道中的空气的带热能力，确保安全壳内的温度、压力处于较低值，提高安全壳的安全性。

Description

一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统
本公开要求申请日为2020年11月12日、申请号为202011263580.5、名称为“一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及核技术领域，尤其涉及一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统。
背景技术
非能动安全壳冷却系统是当发生反应堆冷却剂系统(RCS)失水事故或主蒸汽管道破裂等事故后通过自然力(如自然循环、自然对流和重力)驱动导出安全壳内的热量的系统，以确保安全壳结构的完整性。
目前，核电厂设计中的非能动安全壳冷却系统的冷却方式包括水冷却、空气冷却、以及水冷却和空气冷却结合的方式。其中，采用水冷却和空气冷却结合方式的非能动安全壳冷却系统通常是利用钢制安全壳作为导热体，并在安全壳外部设置混凝土屏蔽厂房进行防护，比如：西屋AP1000采用钢制安全壳顶部淋水加空气冷却的方案，外部设置混凝土屏蔽厂房，当水箱的水排空后完全依靠空气对流冷却导出后期的衰变热；NuScale反应堆是将钢制安全壳浸没于水池中，当水池水位下降时可利用空气冷却导出余热。
然而，对于仅依靠空气冷却进行导热的方式，由于空气的换热系数远低于水，且钢制安全壳的换热表面的面积有限，其热量导出能力有限，难以及时导出安全壳内的热量。并且，当反应堆堆芯衰变热较大时，事故后的安全壳内部的温度在较长时间内会保持在较高值，钢制安全壳与屏蔽厂房之间的辐射换热作用会使混凝土屏蔽厂房墙体温度升高并持续较长时间，长期高温会影响屏蔽厂房的结构，从而影响核电厂的安全性。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述缺陷，本公开提供一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，可以削弱安全壳与屏蔽厂房之间的辐射换热，防止屏蔽厂房温升过高，确保屏蔽厂房的结构完整性，还可以提高空气带热能力，确保安全壳内的温度、压力处于较低值，以提高安全壳的安全性。
本公开提供了一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其包括屏蔽厂房、安全壳、以及隔热件，
所述屏蔽厂房包围在所述安全壳外，在两者之间形成空气流道，所述屏蔽厂房上设有空气入口和空气出口，所述空气流道通过所述空气入口、所述空气出口与外部大气环境连通；
所述隔热件设于所述空气流道内，并沿屏蔽厂房周向分布，所述隔热件的内壁和外壁分别与所述安全壳、所述屏蔽厂房相对，以削弱安全壳与屏蔽厂房之间的辐射换热，并提高所述空气流道中的空气的带热能力。
本公开相比现有技术的有益效果：
通过本公开提供的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，不仅可在一定程度上削弱安全壳和屏蔽厂房之间的辐射换热，防止屏蔽厂房温升过高，从而确保屏蔽厂房的结构完整性，还可以利用安全壳与隔热件之间的辐射换热，将安全壳内的一部分热量传递给隔热件，隔热件在接收到辐射热量后再对空气进行对流换热加热，这样安全壳和隔热板就形成了对空气流道内空气的双壁面加热，增加了对空气的换热面积，从而可提高空气带热能力，同时，设置隔热件后的屏蔽厂房仍可以作为热阱吸热，实现空气和屏蔽厂房对安全壳内热量的多元化导出，从而确保安全壳内的温度、压力处于较低值，进而提高安全壳的安全性。
附图说明
图1为本公开实施例1提供的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统的结构示意图；
图2为图1中隔热件的横向截面图；
图3为图1中隔热件的竖向截面图。
其中：1-屏蔽厂房；2-安全壳；3-空气流道；4-隔热件；5-空气入口；6-空气出口；7-低发射率层；8-高发射率层；9-翅片。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本公开的技术方案，下面结合附图和实施例对本公开作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
图1为本公开实施例1提供的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统的结构示意图。图2为图1中隔热件的横向截面图。图3为图1中隔热件的竖向截面图。
如图1所示，本实施例公开一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，包括屏蔽厂房1、安全壳2、以及隔热件4，其中：
屏蔽厂房1包围在安全壳2外，可以起到防护作用，在屏蔽厂房1和安全壳2之间留有一定距离的空隙，使两者之间形成空气流道3。屏蔽厂房1上设有空气入口5和空气出口4，空气流道3通过空气入口5、空气出口6与外部大气环境连通，使得大气环境中的空气可以自由地通过空气入口5进入到空气流道3中，并从空气流道3通过空气出口6排出。在安全壳发生破口等事故后，破口喷出的高温高压流体进入到安全壳2内，导致安全壳2内的温度、压力升高，此时，大气环境中的空气在流经空气流道3时与安全壳2的壁面进行对流换热将部分热量传递至空气流道3中的空气，空气受热后从空气出口6流出，从而可将安全壳1内的热量导出，实现对安全壳的非能动冷却降温。本实施例中，屏蔽厂房可以是混凝土制成的墙体。
隔热件4设于空气流道3内，并沿屏蔽厂房1周向分布，使隔热件4的内壁和外壁分别与安全壳2的外壁、屏蔽厂房1的内壁相对，以削弱安全壳2与屏蔽厂房1之间的辐射换热，并提高空气流道3中的空气的带热能力。具 体来说，安全壳2的热量通过对流换热将部分热量导出至空气流道3中的空气，并通过辐射换热将部分热量导出至隔热件4，隔热件4再通过辐射换热将一部分热量传递至屏蔽厂房1，从而削弱了安全壳2对屏蔽厂房1直接进行辐射换热的强度，同时，隔热件4还通过对流换热将一部分热量导出至空气流道3中的空气。
与现有技术相比，隔热件4不仅削弱了安全壳4与屏蔽厂房1之间辐射换热，使得屏蔽厂房1在一定程度上还可作为吸热热阱吸收一部分安全壳的热量，但是其温度又不会因为辐射换热太强而升高至影响其自身结构完整性的较高温度，即可以确保屏蔽厂房1的温度能够满足其安全设计值，同时，隔热件4与安全壳2形成了对空气流道3内空气的双壁面加热，增加了对空气的换热面积，可促进空气流道3内的空气流动，提高空气带热能力，实现了对安全壳热量的空气、屏蔽厂房的多元化导出，从而确保安全壳1内的温度、压力处于较低值，进而提高安全壳的安全性。
接下来，对本实施例的细节进行进一步详细描述。
在一些实施方式中，隔热件4包括隔热板，如图2所示，隔热板的截面呈环状，其罩设与安全壳2外，其高度高于安全壳的高度。隔热板的厚度一般不超过2.0cm，具体可根据隔热板的材料及组成进行选择。隔热板的固定方式有多种，优选隔热板的侧面顶部与屏蔽厂房1的内壁连接，以安装固定隔热板，当然，还可以是隔热板的侧面底部与屏蔽厂房1的内壁连接，或者，通过将隔热板固设于环形的空气流道3的底部等方式对其进行固定，并且，在隔热板的顶部和底部分别与屏蔽厂房的连接处均留有孔洞(图中未示出)，隔热板和屏蔽厂房1之间仍保留一定的空隙，使得隔热板与安全壳2之间、隔热板与屏蔽厂房1之间均形成可流通空气的空气流道3，以提高对安全壳2的非能动导热效果。孔洞的数量可以为一个或多个，优选设置多个孔洞，多个孔洞沿隔热件4的周向分布。
在一些实施方式中，隔热板与屏蔽厂房1的距离小于隔热板与安全壳2的距离，即隔热板贴近屏蔽厂房1进行设置，比如，隔热板与屏蔽厂房1之间的距离可以为1.0m，隔热板与安全壳2之间的距离可以为0.2m，这样可以 增大隔热板和安全壳2之间的空气流通3的空间，进一步提高空气带热能力，确保安全壳1内的温度、压力处于较低值。
在一些实施方式中，隔热板的数量可以为一个或多个。当隔热板为一个时，即隔热板为单层隔热板结构，此时，隔热板将环形的空气流道3分隔为处于隔热板两侧的两个通道，两个通道均与屏蔽厂房1上的空气入口5、空气出口6连通；当隔热板为多个时，多个隔热板由内向外依次设置在安全壳2和屏蔽厂房1之间的空气流道3内，构成多层隔热板结构，并且，各个隔热板之间留有空隙，此时，空气流道3被多个隔热板分隔为包括隔热板与安全壳2或屏蔽厂房1、以及相邻两隔热板之间的多个通道，各通道均与屏蔽厂房1上的空气入口5、空气出口6连通，通过上述多个通道，可以增大与空气的接触面积，可以提高对空气的对流换热效率，从而进一步提高空气带热能力，确保安全壳2内的温度、压力处于较低值。
在一些实施方式中，隔热板包括多个板单元，多个板单元依次连接，并在安全壳2外部呈周向分布，以构成环状的隔热板。
在一些实施方式中，板单元可以为采用铝合金或钢材料制成的板状结构，其表面呈平板状或波纹板状或瓦楞板状。
在一些实施方式中，隔热板上设有翅片9，以增大与空气的接触面积，提高空气度空气的加热效率，从而提高空气带热能力。
具体来说，如图3所示，翅片9可以设于隔热板的内壁(即面向安全壳2的一侧)上；也可以设于隔热板的外壁(即面向屏蔽厂房1的另一侧)上；还可以同时设于隔热板的内壁和外壁上。翅片9的数量优选为多个，各个翅片9的一端与隔热板相连，其另一端向外沿竖向方向(优选朝上设置)延伸凸出于隔热板。
在一些实施方式中，隔热件4还包括低发射率层7，低发射率层7涂覆于隔热板的外壁上，其发射率优选为低于0.3，以进一步削弱对屏蔽厂房1的辐射换热。
在一些实施方式中，低发射率层7可以为金属-树脂复合涂层材料。当然，也可以采用类似具有低发射率的其它涂层材料或涂漆，还可以采用抛光、镀 层(如镀铬、镀锌等)等表面处理方式得到。
在一些实施方式中，隔热件4还包括高发射率层8，高发射率层8涂覆于隔热板的内壁上，其发射率优选为0.6-1.0，以提高安全壳2与隔热板之间的空气的对流换热效率，提高空气的带热能力，确保安全壳内的温度、压力处于较低值。
在一些实施方式中，高发射率层8可以为环氧树脂材料。当然，也可以采用类似具有高发射率的其它涂层材料或涂漆，还可以采用黑色阳极氧化等表面处理方式得到，如隔热板可采用铝合金材料制成，其经过黑色阳极氧化处理后，发射率可由0.2左右提高至0.92左右，可明显提高对安全壳1与隔热板之间的空气的对流换热效率。
在一些实施方式中，空气入口5设于屏蔽厂房1的底部或下部，空气入口5可以为多个，多个空气入口5可沿屏蔽厂房1周向设置，空气出口6设于屏蔽壳厂房1的顶部或上部。大气环境中的空气进入空气流道3后，由下向上流通，并带走安全壳的热量，实现对安全壳的非能动冷却降温。
本实施例的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，不仅可在一定程度上削弱安全壳和屏蔽厂房之间的辐射换热，防止屏蔽厂房温升过高，从而确保屏蔽厂房的结构完整性，还可以利用安全壳与隔热件之间的辐射换热，将安全壳内的一部分热量传递给隔热件，隔热件在接收到辐射热量后再对空气进行对流换热加热，从而使得安全壳和隔热板形成了对空气流道内的空气的双壁面换热加热，增加了对空气的换热面积，从而可提高空气带热能力。同时，与现有技术相比，设置隔热件后屏蔽厂房可以作为热阱吸热，实现空气和屏蔽厂房对安全壳内热量的多元化导出，从而确保安全壳内的温度、压力处于较低值，提高安全壳的安全性。
可以理解的是，以上实施例仅仅是为了说明本公开的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本公开并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本公开的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其特征在于，包括屏蔽厂房、安全壳、以及隔热件，
    所述屏蔽厂房包围在所述安全壳外，在两者之间形成空气流道，所述屏蔽厂房上设有空气入口和空气出口，所述空气流道通过所述空气入口、所述空气出口与外部大气环境连通；
    所述隔热件设于所述空气流道内，并沿屏蔽厂房周向分布，所述隔热件的内壁和外壁分别与所述安全壳、所述屏蔽厂房相对，以削弱安全壳与屏蔽厂房之间的辐射换热，并提高所述空气流道中的空气的带热能力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其特征在于，所述隔热件包括隔热板，所述隔热板为环状，其罩设在所述安全壳外，且所述隔热板的侧面顶部与所述屏蔽厂房的内壁连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其特征在于，所述隔热板与所述屏蔽厂房的距离小于隔热板与所述安全壳的距离。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其特征在于，所述隔热板为多个，多个隔热板由内向外依次设置在所述安全壳与所述屏蔽厂房之间，且各隔热板之间留有空隙。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其特征在于，所述隔热板包括多个板单元，多个板单元依次连接，并在所述安全壳外部呈周向分布。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其特征在于，所述板单元采用铝合金或钢材料制成，其表面呈平板状或波纹板状或瓦楞板状。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其特征在于，所述隔热板上设有翅片，
    所述翅片的数量为多个，各个翅片的一端与隔热板相连，其另一端向外沿竖向方向延伸凸出于所述隔热板。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其特征在于，所 述隔热件还包括低发射率层、高发射率层，
    所述低发射率层设于所述隔热板的外壁上，其发射率低于0.3；
    所述高发射率层设于所述隔热板的内壁上，其发射率为0.6-1.0。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其特征在于，所述高发射率层为环氧树脂材料制成，所述低发射率层为金属-树脂复合涂层材料制成。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的非能动安全壳空气冷却系统，其特征在于，所述空气入口设于所述屏蔽厂房的底部，所述空气出口设于所述屏蔽厂房的顶部。
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