WO2022095863A1 - Micropower wireless access method and apparatus for internet of things of power transmission and transformation device - Google Patents

Micropower wireless access method and apparatus for internet of things of power transmission and transformation device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2022095863A1
WO2022095863A1 PCT/CN2021/128290 CN2021128290W WO2022095863A1 WO 2022095863 A1 WO2022095863 A1 WO 2022095863A1 CN 2021128290 W CN2021128290 W CN 2021128290W WO 2022095863 A1 WO2022095863 A1 WO 2022095863A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
control channel
service
information
sensor terminal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/128290
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
秦剑华
路永玲
刘洪�
胡成博
王真
貟超
郑敏
贾骏
张国江
徐玲铃
陶风波
黄强
刘子全
朱雪琼
谭冲
Original Assignee
国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院
中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所
国网江苏省电力有限公司
国家电网有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院, 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所, 国网江苏省电力有限公司, 国家电网有限公司 filed Critical 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院
Priority to US17/621,247 priority Critical patent/US11736969B2/en
Publication of WO2022095863A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022095863A1/en

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/35—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for the management of goods or merchandise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0215—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on user or device properties, e.g. MTC-capable devices
    • H04W28/0221—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on user or device properties, e.g. MTC-capable devices power availability or consumption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H04W28/065—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information using assembly or disassembly of packets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
    • H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0261—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/02—Hybrid access techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled or contention-free access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H04W74/0866—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a dedicated channel for access
    • H04W74/0883—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a dedicated channel for access for un-synchronized access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a micro-power wireless access method and device for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, and belongs to the field of sensor access of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment.
  • the perception layer is composed of various IoT sensors and network nodes.
  • the sensor layer is composed of various IoT sensors, which are used to collect different types of device state quantities and upload the data to the sink node through the network.
  • IoT sensors are divided into three types: micro-power wireless sensors, low-power wireless sensors, and wired sensors;
  • the data aggregation layer is composed of network nodes such as aggregation nodes and access nodes, and various types of node equipment constitute micro-power/low-power wireless sensors. It is a sensor network that is fully compatible with network and wired transmission network, and covers all business scenarios.
  • the present invention develops physical Layer communication system selection and link layer protocol independent design, providing a micro-power wireless access method and device for the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment, to meet the needs of small data volumes such as temperature, inclination, and pressure.
  • the power consumption sensor has a long life (more than 6 years) and maintenance-free operation requirements.
  • a micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment suitable for sensing terminals of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, and a control channel configuration information access process, And the control channel burst information access process;
  • the time synchronization process includes: the sensing terminal first randomly sends a service channel information frame, and the sink node determines a delay parameter according to the time slot where the service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends a control channel request frame, and receives the sink node.
  • the returned control channel response frame containing the delay parameter, the service cycle length parameter and the control cycle length parameter, adjust the sending time of the traffic channel information frame and the control channel request frame according to the parameters in the received control channel response frame;
  • the service channel access process includes: in the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensing terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information; the sensing terminal is activated from the dormant state and monitors the service channel, if it is busy , then enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it will randomly back off for a random backoff time, and then send the service channel information frame to the sink node, then enter the dormant state, and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle;
  • the control channel configuration information access process includes: the sensing terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters a waiting-to-receive state with a length of a waiting-reply period; every time the sensing terminal successfully receives After a control channel response frame, it enters the next waiting response period, waiting to receive the next frame; after the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response final frame, it responds to the control channel confirmation frame;
  • the control channel burst information access process includes: the sensing terminal is activated when it needs to report an emergency, immediately sends a control channel burst frame on the control channel, and enters a waiting period for reply; if the sensing terminal does not successfully receive the control channel If the confirmation frame is confirmed, the retransmission mechanism is used until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel confirmation frame or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission;
  • the above traffic channel information frame, control channel request frame, control channel response frame, control channel response final frame, control channel confirmation frame and control channel burst frame are distinguished by the frame type field in the frame header of the MAC layer.
  • the sensing terminal when the sensing terminal sends abnormally, the sensing terminal enters the waiting state after sending the control channel request frame; the sensing terminal does not receive a reply within the waiting reply period. , then enter the sleep state, and wait for the next activation according to the length of the control cycle;
  • the sensing terminal does not receive the corresponding control channel confirmation frame within the waiting reply period, and immediately retransmits the control channel burst frame; if the control channel is received within the maximum number of retransmissions If the confirmation frame is received, it will stop retransmission and enter the sleep state; if the maximum number of times is reached but no control channel confirmation frame is received, it will enter the sleep state.
  • a micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment suitable for the convergence node of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment, including a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, a control channel configuration information access process, and Control channel burst information access process;
  • the time synchronization process includes: the sink node determines the delay parameter according to the time slot in which the traffic channel information frame randomly sent by the sensing terminal is located; after receiving the control channel request frame from the sensing terminal, the delay parameter stored in the sink node is stored. , The service cycle length parameter and the control cycle length parameter are recorded in the control channel response frame and replied to the sensor terminal;
  • the service channel access process includes: the aggregation node has been in a waiting state, and after successfully receiving the service channel information frame sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is not in the blacklist, then transmit the service channel to the upper layer. Information frame; if the address of the sensor terminal is in the blacklist, the frame will be discarded; if the sink node receives service information sent by a sensor terminal that is neither in the whitelist nor in the blacklist, the sink node considers the sensor terminal For a newly added sensor terminal, the aggregation node receives the service information of the sensor terminal, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensor terminal in the current aggregation node;
  • the control channel configuration information access process includes: the sink node matches the address of the sensing terminal in the whitelist after correctly receiving the control channel request frame sent by the sensing terminal; if the matching is successful, the sink node sends the sensing terminal to the Send the control channel response frame or the control channel response final frame; if the match is unsuccessful, the sink node continues to wait for reception; when the content that the sink node needs to reply is greater than the length of one frame, it will send multiple frames continuously, and the last frame will be sent Control channel response final frame. After the sink node sends the control channel response frame and the control channel response final frame in sequence, it enters the waiting state;
  • the control channel burst information access process includes: if the convergence node successfully receives the control channel burst frame sent by the sensor terminal and successfully matches with the address of the sensor terminal in the whitelist, it returns a control channel confirmation frame; If the node does not receive successfully, the sink node continues to be in the waiting state;
  • the above traffic channel information frame, control channel request frame, control channel response frame, control channel response final frame, control channel confirmation frame and control channel burst frame are distinguished by the frame type field in the frame header of the MAC layer.
  • a micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment including a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, a control channel configuration information access process, and a control channel burst information access process;
  • the time synchronization process includes: the sensing terminal randomly sends a service channel information frame, and the sink node determines a delay parameter according to the time slot in which the received service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends a control channel request frame, and the sink node determines the delay parameter.
  • the sensing terminal After receiving the control channel request frame, record the saved delay parameter, service cycle length parameter and control cycle length parameter in the control channel response frame and reply to the sensor terminal; the sensor terminal according to the received control channel response frame parameters to adjust the sending time of traffic channel information frames and control channel request frames;
  • the service channel access process includes: in the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensing terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information; the sensing terminal is activated from the dormant state and monitors the service channel, if it is busy , then enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it will randomly back off for a random backoff time, and then send the service channel information frame to the sink node, then enter the dormant state, and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; The sink node is always in the waiting state.
  • the sensing terminal After successfully receiving the service channel information frame sent by the sensing terminal, if the address of the sensing terminal is not in the blacklist, it will transmit the service channel information frame to the upper layer; if the address of the sensing terminal is not in the blacklist If it is in the blacklist, the frame will be discarded; if the aggregation node receives the service information sent by the sensor terminal that is neither in the whitelist nor in the blacklist, the aggregation node considers the sensor terminal to be a newly added sensor terminal, and aggregates The node receives the service information of the sensing terminal, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensing terminal in the current convergence node;
  • the control channel configuration information access process includes: the sensing terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters the waiting state for receiving, and the length is the waiting reply period; After matching the control channel request frame sent by the sensor terminal with the sensor terminal address in the whitelist; if the match is successful, the sink node sends the control channel response frame or the control channel response final frame to the sensor terminal; if the match is unsuccessful, the The sink node continues to wait for reception; when the content that the sink node needs to reply is greater than the length of one frame, it sends multiple frames continuously, and the last frame sends the control channel response final frame; each time the sensor terminal successfully receives a control channel response frame After the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response final frame, it will reply to the control channel confirmation frame; after the sink node sends the control channel response frame and the control channel response final frame in sequence , enter the waiting state;
  • the control channel burst information access process includes: the sensor terminal is activated when it needs to report a sudden situation, immediately sends a control channel burst frame on the control channel, and enters a waiting period for reply; if the sink node successfully receives the transmission from the sensor terminal If the control channel burst frame and the address of the sensor terminal in the whitelist are successfully matched, the control channel confirmation frame is returned; if the sink node does not receive it successfully, the sink node continues to wait for reception; if the sensor terminal fails to receive Control channel confirmation frame, use the retransmission mechanism until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel confirmation frame or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission;
  • the above traffic channel information frame, control channel request frame, control channel response frame, control channel response final frame, control channel confirmation frame and control channel burst frame are distinguished by the frame type field in the frame header of the MAC layer.
  • the MAC layer frame header also includes communication signaling indication, encryption indication, MAC layer load length and sensor terminal ID fields; for traffic channel information frames and control channel burst frames, sensor terminal detection data or alarm data are omitted.
  • the sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header only retains the sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header.
  • multiple communication commands are combined into a single frame for transmission, and the data carried by a single control channel response frame or control channel response final frame cannot exceed the upper limit of the MAC load.
  • the physical layer communication between the sensing terminal and the aggregation node supports LORA, BLE and ZigBee, and the 2.4GHz frequency band and the 470M-510MHz frequency band are selected.
  • a micro-power wireless access device for the Internet of Things sensing terminal of power transmission and transformation equipment comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and running on the processor, the computer program being loaded into the processing
  • the micro-power wireless access method suitable for the sensing terminal of the Internet of Things of the power transmission and transformation equipment is realized when the device is used.
  • a micro-power wireless access device for an IoT convergence node of power transmission and transformation equipment comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, the computer program being loaded into the processor.
  • the micro-power wireless access method suitable for the convergence node of the Internet of Things of the power transmission and transformation equipment is realized at the same time.
  • a micro-power wireless access device for the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment comprising the micro-power wireless access device for the sensing terminal of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment, and the described micro-power wireless access device for power transmission and transformation equipment.
  • Micro-power wireless access device for equipment IoT convergence node
  • the present invention adopts an asynchronous communication mode, a random reporting mechanism initiated by the sensor, the sensor does not need to monitor node messages, and is in a dormant state most of the time, effectively reducing the power consumption of the sensor;
  • Business characteristics For the main common detection data, the one-way reporting mode is adopted in the business channel, so that the working time of the sensor is minimized;
  • the present invention supports two-way configuration, realizes limited two-way communication in the control channel, and supports the sensor cycle, threshold value
  • the invention supports the alarm retransmission mechanism, and supports the retransmission mechanism on the control channel for important alarm information, thereby improving the reliability of the alarm service.
  • the invention can not only reduce power consumption to the maximum extent, but also meet the requirements of reliable business transmission and two-way configuration, and can be well used for high frequency and small data volume of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment.
  • Standardized access to device state sensing sensors such as temperature, temperature and humidity, deformation, inclination, etc.
  • power consumption low k level
  • ⁇ A level power consumption
  • Figure 1 shows the overall architecture of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment.
  • Figure 2 shows the relationship between the data link layer and the physical layer frame structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of time slot division.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a traffic channel transmission process.
  • FIG. 5 is a process diagram of a control channel configuration information request and response.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the abnormal situation of the sensor terminal requesting to send.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the abnormal situation of the sink node reply sending.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an abnormal situation in which the sensor terminal confirms and replies.
  • FIG. 9 is a process diagram of a control channel burst information request and response.
  • Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an abnormal situation in which a sensor terminal sends a burst frame.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the abnormal situation of the sink node confirming frame sending.
  • a micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for the sensing terminal of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, and includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, and a control channel. Configuration information access process, and control channel burst information access process.
  • the time synchronization process includes: the sensing terminal first randomly sends the service channel information frame, and the sink node determines the delay parameter according to the time slot where the service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends the control channel request frame, and receives the return from the sink node.
  • Control channel response frame containing delay parameter, service cycle length parameter and control cycle length parameter, adjust the sending time of service channel information frame and control channel request frame according to the received parameters;
  • the service channel access process includes: in the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensor terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information; the sensor terminal is activated from the dormant state and monitors the service channel. Enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it will randomly back off for a random backoff time, and then send the service channel information frame to the sink node, then enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle;
  • the access process of the control channel configuration information includes: the sensing terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters the waiting-receive state, the length is the waiting-reply period; every time the sensing terminal successfully receives a control channel After the channel response frame, it enters the next waiting response cycle, waiting to receive the next frame; after the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response final frame, it returns the control channel confirmation frame;
  • the control channel burst information access process includes: the sensor terminal is activated when it needs to report the emergency, immediately sends the control channel burst frame on the control channel, and enters the waiting period for reply; if the sensor terminal does not successfully receive the control channel confirmation frame , the retransmission mechanism is used until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel confirmation frame or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission.
  • a micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for the convergence node of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, and includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, and a control channel configuration. Information access process, and control channel burst information access process;
  • the time synchronization process includes: the sink node determines the delay parameter according to the time slot of the traffic channel information frame randomly sent by the sensing terminal; after receiving the control channel request frame from the sensing terminal, the delay parameter, service The cycle length parameter and the control cycle length parameter are recorded in the control channel response frame and replied to the sensing terminal;
  • the service channel access process includes: the aggregation node has been in the waiting state, and after successfully receiving the service channel information frame sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is not in the blacklist, it will transmit the data to the upper layer; If the address of the terminal is in the blacklist, the frame will be discarded; if the sink node receives service information sent by a sensor terminal that is neither in the whitelist nor in the blacklist, the sink node considers the sensor terminal to be a newly added sensor terminal.
  • the terminal, the convergence node receives the service information of the sensing terminal, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensing terminal in the current convergence node;
  • the control channel configuration information access process includes: after the sink node correctly receives the control channel request frame sent by the sensor terminal, it matches the address of the sensor terminal in the white list; if the match is successful, the sink node sends the control channel to the sensor terminal. Channel response frame or control channel response final frame; if the match is unsuccessful, the sink node continues to wait for reception; when the content that the sink node needs to reply is greater than the length of one frame, it will send multiple frames continuously, and the last frame will send the control channel In response to the final frame, the sink node enters the waiting state after sending the control channel response frame and the control channel response final frame in sequence;
  • the control channel burst information access process includes: if the sink node successfully receives the control channel burst frame sent by the sensor terminal and completes the matching, it will reply to the control channel confirmation frame; if the sink node does not receive successfully, the sink node will continue to wait. receive status.
  • a micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, and a control channel configuration information access. process, and the control channel burst information access process;
  • the time synchronization process includes: the sensing terminal first randomly sends the service channel information frame, and the sink node determines the delay parameter according to the time slot in which the received service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends the control channel request frame, and the sink node receives the frame. After the control channel request frame, record the saved delay parameters, service cycle length parameters and control cycle length parameters in the control channel response frame and reply to the sensor terminal; the sensor terminal adjusts the service channel information frame and control channel according to the received parameters.
  • the sending time of the request frame includes: the sensing terminal first randomly sends the service channel information frame, and the sink node determines the delay parameter according to the time slot in which the received service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends the control channel request frame, and the sink node receives the frame. After the control channel request frame, record the saved delay parameters, service cycle length parameters and control cycle length parameters in the control channel response frame and reply to the sensor terminal; the sensor terminal adjusts the service channel information frame and control channel according
  • the service channel access process includes: in the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensor terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information; the sensor terminal is activated from the dormant state and monitors the service channel. Enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it will randomly back off for a random backoff time, and then send the service channel information frame to the sink node, then enter the sleep state, and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; the sink node Always in the waiting state, after successfully receiving the service channel information frame sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is not in the blacklist, it will transmit the data to the upper layer; if the address of the sensor terminal is in the blacklist, then Discard this frame; if the sink node receives service information sent by a sensor terminal that is neither in the whitelist nor in the blacklist, the sink node considers the sensor terminal to be a newly added sensor terminal, and the sink no
  • the control channel configuration information access process includes: the sensor terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters the waiting state for receiving, the length is the waiting period for reply; the sink node receives the sensor terminal correctly when The sent control channel request frame is matched with the sensor terminal address in the whitelist; if the match is successful, the sink node sends a control channel response frame or a control channel response final frame to the sensor terminal; if the match fails, the sink node Continue to wait for reception; when the content to be replied by the sink node is greater than the length of one frame, it will send multiple frames continuously, and the last frame will send the control channel response final frame; each time the sensor terminal successfully receives a control channel response frame, Enter the next waiting period for reply, waiting to receive the next frame; after the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response final frame, it will reply to the control channel confirmation frame; after the sink node sends the control channel response frame and the control channel response final frame in sequence, it enters Waiting
  • the control channel burst information access process adopts a random two-way interactive mode with a stop-and-wait retransmission mechanism, including: the sensor terminal is activated when it needs to report an emergency, immediately sends a control channel burst frame on the control channel, and enters to wait for a reply Period; if the sink node successfully receives the control channel burst frame sent by the sensor terminal and completes the matching, it will reply to the control channel confirmation frame; if the sink node does not receive successfully, the sink node continues to wait for reception; if the sensor terminal does not If the control channel confirmation frame is successfully received, the retransmission mechanism is used until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel confirmation frame or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission.
  • the specific communication protocols involved in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.
  • the communication protocol design of the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things micro-power wireless network involved in the present invention is mainly divided into a physical layer design and a link layer design.
  • the physical layer communication system selection based on the work foundation of mainstream sensor manufacturers, LORA, BLE, and ZigBee physical layer methods are selected.
  • the above three communication chips have the characteristics of low power consumption, their sleep current is less than 1uA, and the transmission power and The receiving power is at the level of tens of mA, which can meet the needs of narrow-band Internet of Things services.
  • frequency band legitimacy to meet the micro-power frequency band usage regulations of the NCAC, select the 2.4GHz frequency band and 470M ⁇ 510MHz frequency band, corresponding to 2.4GLORA, 470M LORA, 2.4G BLE5.0, 2.4G ZigBee, among which LORA has the advantage of long-distance transmission.
  • the network topology includes sink nodes and sensor terminals.
  • the network is configured as a star network model, that is, multiple sensor terminals are directly connected to a sink node.
  • This network model supports two types of communication transmission, one-way transmission and two-way transmission.
  • One-way transmission means that the sink node and the sensing terminal are directly connected on a separate channel, and the sensing terminal uploads data through the uplink.
  • One-way transmission can only be initiated by the sensing terminal and received by the sink node.
  • Two-way transmission means that the sensing terminal and the sink node perform data transmission through the uplink and downlink of a given channel.
  • the two-way transmission is performed by the sensing terminal in the uplink. Initiate, the sink node replies on the downlink.
  • the frame structure of the physical layer is shown in Table 1.
  • the physical layer header, physical layer header check, and physical layer load check fields are mandatory; for the IEEE802.15.4 physical layer, the physical layer header check field and the physical layer load check field are not required.
  • the layer header is required; for the BLE5.0 physical layer, the physical layer header check field is not required, and the physical layer header and physical layer load check fields are required.
  • the data link layer provides services to the upper layers on the basis of the services provided by the physical layer.
  • the frame structure relationship between the data link layer and the physical layer is shown in Figure 2.
  • the transmission data adopts the frame structure as the basic unit.
  • the frame structure is shown in Table 2.
  • the length of the physical layer payload is 9 to 264 bytes, which is used to record the data that the physical layer needs to transmit. Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) of the physical layer load.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • the MAC layer header describes configuration information such as the frame type, the length of the payload field, and the sensor terminal ID.
  • the MAC layer payload carries the data transmitted by the MAC layer.
  • the data structure of this field is structured and encoded according to the definition of the frame type field.
  • the information integrity check is used to check the MAC layer header and MAC layer load to determine whether the sent data has been tampered with by a third party.
  • the verification method is to accumulate the MAC layer header and the MAC layer payload in units of 1 byte, and the accumulation result is used as the value of the information integrity verification field to fill in the information integrity verification field.
  • the MAC layer header consists of fields such as frame type (MType), communication signaling indication (CC_Ind), encryption indication (Key_If), MAC layer payload length (Length), and sensor terminal ID, as shown in Table 3.
  • the frame type field is 4 bits long and defines the specific type and function of the frame.
  • the specific coding of the frame type and the corresponding meaning are shown in Table 4.
  • Frame Type (English) Frame Type (Chinese) 0b0000 MESSAGE Traffic Channel Information Frame 0b0001 REQ control channel request frame 0b0010 RSP control channel response frame 0b0011 RSP_END control channel response final frame 0b0100 BURST control channel burst frame 0b0101 ACK control channel acknowledgement frame other RFU reserve
  • the communication signaling indication (CC_Ind) is used to indicate that the MAC load is a service or a communication instruction; a value of 0b1 indicates a control message, and a value of 0b0 indicates a communication instruction. This indication is only valid in the control channel response frame (RSP frame) or the control channel response end frame (RPS_END frame).
  • the encryption indication field indicates whether the sent MAC layer payload and information integrity check are encrypted. The length is 3 bits: a value of 0 means no encryption; a value of 1 means encryption.
  • the MAC layer payload length field defines the byte length of the MAC layer payload field. The length of this field is 1 byte, so the length of the MAC layer payload field is 0 to 255 bytes.
  • the sensor terminal ID is the unique identification of the sensor terminal device in the network, and each sensor terminal will be assigned a unique sensor terminal address.
  • the length of the sensor terminal ID field is 6 bytes.
  • the service channel information frame (MESSAGE) is a type of frame transmitted in the service channel. Its function is mainly to transmit the data of the sender to the receiver in an orderly manner according to the specified data format and transmission rules, for the sensor terminal to report. Monitoring data packets. In order to reduce the amount of data transmission, the sensor terminal ID in the detection data is omitted, and only the sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header is retained.
  • the control channel burst frame (BURST) is a type of frame transmitted in the control channel and is used for reporting alarm data packets on the sensing terminal. In order to reduce the amount of data transmission, the sensor terminal ID in the alarm data is omitted, and only the sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header is retained.
  • the control channel request frame (REQ) is a type of frame transmitted in the control channel, and its function is mainly for the sender to send information to the receiver with certain transmission rules, and to request a reply.
  • the sender writes data into the request data type field as required.
  • the structure of the MAC layer payload field of the control channel request frame consists of information type and reserved spare.
  • the control channel response frame can carry communication commands or control messages.
  • the control channel response frame (RSP) is a type of frame transmitted in the control channel. Its function is that the receiving end sends control information to the transmitting end according to the information type field of the control channel request frame after receiving the control channel request frame. 's reply. Communication commands and control messages cannot be transmitted in the same RSP frame or control channel response end frame (RSP_END).
  • the communication signaling indication in the MAC frame header takes the value 0b0.
  • Each communication instruction data is composed of communication instruction type and communication instruction content, as shown in Table 6, wherein the definitions of the communication instruction type and content fields are shown in Table 7.
  • the service period length is defined as the period during which the sender sends service information.
  • the length of the control period is defined as the period during which the sender sends a request for control information, and takes the service period (default or configured service period) as the unit.
  • the sender does not transmit the control information request frame; when the control period is 1, the control channel request frame is sent once per service period, and no service channel information frame is sent; when the control period is m, every m service Period, send the control channel request frame once, and send the traffic channel information frame m-1 times.
  • the delay time is defined as the time offset of the time when the service information is sent.
  • the maximum random disturbance duration is defined as the maximum allowable range for the sending time of the sender to deviate from the sending reference time, in units of 5ms.
  • the random perturbation duration is used in conjunction with the delay to determine the transmission time of the sender.
  • the traffic channel frequency is used to control the frequency of the traffic channel.
  • the default traffic channel frequency does not support dynamic configuration.
  • the default traffic channel is configured at a fixed frequency and adopts the default physical layer configuration.
  • the sensing terminal can transfer from the default service channel frequency point to other service channel frequency points for communication under the assignment of the sink node.
  • the physical layer parameter configuration is used to specify the physical layer parameter configuration number of the traffic channel and the control channel. The default physical layer parameter does not support dynamic configuration.
  • the sensing terminal can be configured according to the specified physical layer parameter configuration number under the assignment of the aggregation node.
  • the REQ frame waiting and reply period is defined as the time that the sender waits for a reply after sending a REQ frame.
  • the BURST frame waiting period for reply is defined as the time that the sender waits for a reply after sending a BURST frame.
  • the communication signaling indication (CC_Ind) in the MAC frame header takes the value 0b1.
  • the MAC layer payload content carries control packets. In order to reduce the amount of data transmission, the sensor terminal ID in the message is omitted, and only the sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header is retained.
  • the control channel response end frame (RSP_END) is an extension of the control channel response frame. When the sender replies with a control channel response frame, it indicates that the information sent by the sender has not ended, and there will be more information to be sent after that. When the sending end replies to the control channel response final frame, it indicates that the information sent this time has ended, and no new frame is sent after that.
  • the MAC layer payload field of the control channel response final frame is the same as that of the control channel response frame.
  • the control channel acknowledgment frame is a type of frame transmitted in the control channel. Its function is that the receiver sends a control channel acknowledgment frame to the sender for confirmation after receiving the frame that needs to be acknowledged.
  • the usage of the control channel acknowledgement frame is shown in Table 8.
  • the MAC layer payload field of the control channel acknowledgment frame consists of the control channel acknowledgment frame type (ACK_Type) and data (DATA) fields.
  • the control channel acknowledgment frame type field defines the type of the control channel acknowledgment frame, with a length of 1 byte; the data field is the data that the control channel acknowledgment frame needs to transmit, with a length of 0 to 254 bytes.
  • a reserved spare frame is a type of frame that is reserved in case a user needs to add a new defined frame.
  • the user can define and design the structure and coding form of the frame without conflicting with the existing frame according to the functions that need to be added.
  • the new frame format and coding must be updated in the devices of both the sender and the receiver at the same time to ensure the reliability of the communication between the sender and the receiver.
  • the use of reserved spare frames increases the scalability of the protocol.
  • the present invention adopts the technology of FDMA to divide the frequency band into two channels: the traffic channel and the control channel.
  • the fuzzy TDMA mechanism is used to solve the problem of information access. Perform detailed time division on each channel and configure corresponding time parameters.
  • the configurable time parameter types and names are shown in Table 9. These parameters can be configured through the access procedure of the control channel.
  • the service cycle length (Message_Cycle) is defined as the cycle for the sender to send the service information, that is, the time interval for the sender to send the service information twice in a row.
  • the number of timeslots in a service period (Time_Slot) is defined as the number of divided timeslots in a service period.
  • the length of the control cycle (Control_Cycle) is defined as the cycle in which the sender sends a request for control information, that is, the time interval during which the sender sends the control information twice in a row.
  • Wait_Cycle is defined as the time that the sender waits for a reply, that is, the time that the sender is in a waiting state after sending a frame that needs to wait for a reply.
  • the continuous frame transmission interval (Transmission_Interval) is defined as the transmission interval between frames when the transmitter sends multiple consecutive control channel response frames (RSP). This parameter needs to be less than the time the sender waits for a reply (Wait_Cycle).
  • the maximum random perturbation duration (Random_Pert) is defined as the maximum value of the absolute value of the random number at the time the sender controls the sending time. The default maximum random perturbation duration is 5ms, that is, the random perturbation value is a random number within -5 to +5ms.
  • the delay (Delay) is used to adjust the sending time of the service channel information frame (MESSAGE), and then send it after the next service time is delayed by a corresponding time.
  • the invention adopts the scheme of fuzzy time slot synchronization for time synchronization, and reduces the energy consumption of the sensing terminal.
  • the time is divided by the sink node, and each time is divided into multiple time slots, and the number of time slots is far less than the number of sensor terminals in the network.
  • the length of each time slot is greater than the length of time for a single sensor terminal to send service information once, so each time slot can accommodate multiple sensor terminals.
  • the specific time slot division is shown in Figure 3.
  • the process of time synchronization is: the sink node determines three parameters of delay, service cycle length and control cycle length according to the time slot in which the received service information of the sensor terminal is located. According to the time reported by the sensor and the length of the service cycle, the sink node can count the occupied time slot resources; comprehensively consider the online sensor conditions, and adjust the time slot where the sensor is located through the control channel response frame to reduce the collision probability. Specifically, the sensing terminal first randomly sends the service channel information frame (MESSAGE), and after receiving the service channel information frame (MESSAGE), the sink node records the received time, and the sink node calculates the next time to send the service channel information frame (MESSAGE). The interval between the moment and this moment is the delay parameter.
  • MESSAGE service channel information frame
  • MESSAGE service channel information frame
  • the sink node After receiving the control channel request frame (REQ) from the sensor terminal, the sink node records the delay parameter, service cycle length parameter and control cycle length parameter stored in the sink node in the control channel response frame (RSP) and replies to the sensor. terminal.
  • the sensing terminal adjusts the sending time of the traffic channel information frame (MESSAGE) and the control channel request frame (REQ) according to the above parameters. Through the interaction of the above parameters, the time synchronization is completed.
  • the aggregation node stores two lists of sensing terminals, namely a white list and a black list, and both lists are empty during initialization.
  • the access initialization process is as follows:
  • the whitelist records the addresses of the sensor terminals that the sink node needs to control.
  • the sink node receives the control channel request frame (REQ) sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is in the white list, the sink node will reply the control channel response frame (RSP) or control channel to the sensor terminal.
  • REQ control channel request frame
  • RSS_END control channel response frame
  • the sink node In the blacklist, record the addresses of sensor terminals that the sink node does not forward service information.
  • MESSAGE service channel information frame
  • the sink node receives the service channel information frame (MESSAGE) sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is not in the blacklist, it will transmit the data to the upper layer (that is, the data application layer); if the address of the sensor terminal is in In the blacklist, this frame is discarded;
  • MESSAGE service channel information frame
  • the sink node If the sink node receives service information sent by a sensor terminal that is neither in the white list nor in the black list, the sink node considers the sensor terminal to be a newly added sensor terminal. The sink node receives the service information of the sensing terminal, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensing terminal in the current sink node.
  • the sensor terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information
  • the sensor terminal activates from the dormant state in a specific time slot, monitors the service channel, if it is busy, it enters the dormant state, and waits for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it randomly backs off one After the random backoff time (Random_backoff), the service channel information frame is sent to the sink node, and then it enters a dormant state and waits for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle.
  • Random_backoff random backoff time
  • the sink node is always in the waiting state. If the service channel information frame sent by the sensor terminal is successfully received, the service information is saved (processed according to the specific black and white list rules); if the reception is unsuccessful, the service channel information is discarded. frame.
  • control channel configuration information request and response process is shown in Figure 5, and the specific connection process is as follows:
  • the sensing terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters a waiting-to-receive state with a length of a waiting-reply cycle (Wait_Cycle).
  • the sink node matches the sensor terminal address in the whitelist after correctly receiving the control channel request frame sent by the sensor terminal. If the matching is successful, the sink node sends a control channel response frame or a control channel response final frame to the sensing terminal; if the matching fails, the sink node continues to wait for reception.
  • the sensing terminal After the sensing terminal successfully receives a control channel response frame (RSP), it enters the next waiting and replying cycle (Wait_Cycle) and waits to receive the next frame.
  • RSP control channel response frame
  • Abnormal sending by the sensing terminal means that the control channel request frame (REQ) sent by the sensing terminal is not successfully received by the sink node due to transmission error or matching error.
  • the sensing terminal sends abnormally, the sensing terminal enters the waiting state after sending the control channel request frame (REQ). If the sensor terminal does not receive a reply within the waiting reply cycle (Wait_Cycle), it enters the dormant state, and waits for the next activation according to the length of the control cycle, and the sink node continues to be in the waiting state, as shown in Figure 6.
  • Abnormal sending by the sink node means that the control channel response frame (RSP) or the control channel response end frame (RSP_END) sent by the sink node is not successfully received by the sensing terminal due to transmission error or matching error.
  • the sensor terminal does not receive a reply within the waiting reply cycle (Wait_Cycle), then it enters the sleep state, and waits for the next activation according to the length of the control cycle. After the channel responds to the final frame (RSP_END), it enters the state of waiting to receive, as shown in Figure 7.
  • the abnormal response of the sensor terminal means that the control channel acknowledgement frame (ACK) returned by the sensor terminal is not successfully received by the sink node due to transmission error or matching error.
  • the sensor terminal responds abnormally, after the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response end frame (RSP_END), it returns the control channel confirmation frame (ACK) to the sink node, and then enters the sleep state, waiting for the next activation according to the length of the control cycle. After sending the control channel response end frame (RSP_END), the sink node enters the waiting state, as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the control channel burst information access process is suitable for the transmission of bursty services, and it adopts a random bidirectional interaction mode with a stop-and-wait retransmission mechanism.
  • the sensor terminal is activated when it needs to report a sudden situation, and immediately sends a control channel burst frame (BURST) on the control channel, and enters the waiting response cycle (Wait_Cycle).
  • BURST control channel burst frame
  • the abnormal transmission of the burst frame by the sensor terminal refers to that when the control channel burst frame (BURST) sent by the sensor terminal is not received successfully by the sink node due to transmission error or matching error.
  • the sensor terminal does not receive the corresponding control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) within the waiting reply period (Wait_Cycle), and immediately resends the control channel burst frame (BURST), repeating the above operations; if the control channel is received within the maximum number of retransmissions If the channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) is received, then stop retransmission and enter the dormant state; if the maximum number of times is reached but no control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) is received, it will enter the dormant state.
  • the default maximum number of retransmissions is 3; the sink node has been in the waiting state, and successfully receives the control channel burst frame (BURST), it will reply to the control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK), as shown in Figure 10.
  • the abnormal sending of the acknowledgment frame of the sink node means that the control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) sent by the sink node is not successfully received by the sensing terminal due to transmission error or matching error.
  • the sensor terminal does not receive the corresponding control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) within the waiting reply period (Wait_Cycle), and immediately resends the control channel burst frame (BURST), repeating the above operations; if the control channel is received within the maximum number of retransmissions Channel acknowledgment frame (ACK), then stop retransmission and enter the sleep state; if the maximum number of times is reached but the control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) is not successfully received, it enters the sleep state; the sink node has been in the waiting state, and successfully received control Channel burst frame (BURST), then reply control channel acknowledgement frame (ACK), as shown in Figure 11.
  • an embodiment of the present invention discloses a micro-power wireless access device for an IoT sensor terminal of a power transmission and transformation equipment, including a memory, a processor, and a device stored in the memory and running on the processor
  • the computer program when the computer program is loaded into the processor, implements the above-mentioned micro-power wireless access method suitable for the sensing terminal of the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things.
  • an embodiment of the present invention discloses a micro-power wireless access device for an IoT convergence node of power transmission and transformation equipment, including a memory, a processor, and a device stored in the memory and running on the processor.
  • a computer program when the computer program is loaded into the processor, realizes the above-mentioned micro-power wireless access method suitable for the convergence node of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment.
  • an embodiment of the present invention discloses a micro-power wireless access device for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, including the above-mentioned micro-power wireless access device for the sensing terminal of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment , and a micro-power wireless access device for the convergence node of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment.

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a micropower wireless access method and apparatus for Internet of Things of a power transmission and transformation device. The method relates to the time synchronization, service channel access, control channel configuration information access and burst information access processes. In time synchronization, an aggregation node determines parameters such as delay according to a time slot in which service information randomly sent by a sensing terminal is located, and the sensing terminal adjusts the sending time of a corresponding frame according to the parameters. The service channel access process adopts a one-way reporting-based mode, such that the working time of the sensor is minimized. Limited two-way communication is realized in a control channel, parameter configurations of a sensor period, a threshold value and the like are supported, a retransmission mechanism is supported on the control channel for important alarm information, and the reliability of an alarm service is improved. According to the present invention, standardized access can be provided for the high-frequency, small-data-volume and low-power-consumption device state sensing sensor for the Internet of Things of the power transmission and transformation device, and the requirements for long service life and maintenance-free operation of the micro-power consumption sensor can be met.

Description

一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法与装置Micropower wireless access method and device for power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法与装置，属于输变电设备物联网传感器接入领域。The invention relates to a micro-power wireless access method and device for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, and belongs to the field of sensor access of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment.
背景技术Background technique
随着物联网、无线通信等技术发展，无线传感网在输变电智能运检业务中的应用需求不断增加。相对传统有线监测，无线传输可以有效解决带电体、无法布线等应用场景状态感知数据无法传输的问题，同时简化传感器结构，促进传感器小型化、低成本，实现快速安装、即装即用。输变电设备物联网总体架构分为四个层级：感知层、网络层、平台层和应用层，如图1所示。With the development of technologies such as the Internet of Things and wireless communication, the application requirements of wireless sensor networks in the intelligent transportation and inspection business of power transmission and transformation are increasing. Compared with traditional wired monitoring, wireless transmission can effectively solve the problem that state sensing data cannot be transmitted in application scenarios such as charged objects and inability to wire. At the same time, it simplifies the sensor structure, promotes the miniaturization and low cost of the sensor, and realizes quick installation and ready-to-use. The overall architecture of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment is divided into four layers: perception layer, network layer, platform layer and application layer, as shown in Figure 1.
其中感知层由各类物联网传感器、网络节点组成，分为传感器层与数据汇聚层两部分，实现传感信息采集和汇聚。传感器层由各类物联网传感器组成，用于采集不同类型的设备状态量，并通过网络将数据上传至汇聚节点。物联网传感器分为微功率无线传感器、低功耗无线传感器、有线传感器三类；数据汇聚层由汇聚节点、接入节点等网络节点组成，各类节点装备构成微功率/低功耗无线传感网和有线传输网络全兼容、业务场景全覆盖的传感器网络。The perception layer is composed of various IoT sensors and network nodes. The sensor layer is composed of various IoT sensors, which are used to collect different types of device state quantities and upload the data to the sink node through the network. IoT sensors are divided into three types: micro-power wireless sensors, low-power wireless sensors, and wired sensors; the data aggregation layer is composed of network nodes such as aggregation nodes and access nodes, and various types of node equipment constitute micro-power/low-power wireless sensors. It is a sensor network that is fully compatible with network and wired transmission network, and covers all business scenarios.
但随着无线传感网的逐步应用，暴露出三方面的问题：1)现有物联网感知装置大多采用私有协议，无法相互兼容替代，导致传感网系统大量重复建设；2)无线频谱资源应用混乱，相互干扰严重；国家正在加强无线通信设备管理，私有协议存在合法性风险；3)在输变电复杂现场环境中，尤其在封闭箱体、带电导体等对传感器功耗要求苛刻、更换困难等环境下，传感器采用通用无线传感网技术(BLE、LORA等)在功耗控制、传输距离等方面无法完全满足业务需求。However, with the gradual application of wireless sensor networks, three problems are exposed: 1) Most of the existing IoT sensing devices use private protocols, which cannot be mutually compatible and replaced, resulting in a large number of repetitive construction of sensor network systems; 2) Wireless spectrum resources The application is chaotic and the mutual interference is serious; the state is strengthening the management of wireless communication equipment, and private agreements have legal risks; 3) In the complex field environment of power transmission and transformation, especially in closed boxes, live conductors, etc. In difficult environments, sensors using general wireless sensor network technologies (BLE, LORA, etc.) cannot fully meet business requirements in terms of power consumption control and transmission distance.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
发明目的：针对上述现有技术存在的问题，考虑到目前电力行业在输变电设备状态感知业务领域尚无统一的微功耗窄带无线通信协议，本发明基于实际输变电业务实际需求开展物理层通信体制选型和链路层协议自主设计，提供一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法与装置，以满足温度、倾角、压力等小数据量、频繁传输的微功耗传感器长寿命(6年以上)和免维护运行需求。Purpose of the invention: In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, considering that there is currently no unified micro-power consumption narrow-band wireless communication protocol in the field of power transmission and transformation equipment state awareness business in the power industry, the present invention develops physical Layer communication system selection and link layer protocol independent design, providing a micro-power wireless access method and device for the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment, to meet the needs of small data volumes such as temperature, inclination, and pressure. The power consumption sensor has a long life (more than 6 years) and maintenance-free operation requirements.
技术方案：为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：Technical scheme: In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，适用于输变电设备物联网的传感终端，包括时间同步过程，业务信道接入过程，控制信道配置信息接入过程，以及控制信道突发信息接入过程；A micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, suitable for sensing terminals of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, and a control channel configuration information access process, And the control channel burst information access process;
所述时间同步过程包括：传感终端先随机发送业务信道信息帧，由汇聚节点根据传感终端业务信息所处的时隙确定延迟参数；传感终端再发送控制信道请求帧，并接收汇聚节点返回的含有延迟参数、业务周期长度参数和控制周期长度参数的控制信道应答帧，根据接收到的所述控制信道应答帧中的参数调整业务信道信息帧和控制信道请求帧的发送时间；The time synchronization process includes: the sensing terminal first randomly sends a service channel information frame, and the sink node determines a delay parameter according to the time slot where the service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends a control channel request frame, and receives the sink node. The returned control channel response frame containing the delay parameter, the service cycle length parameter and the control cycle length parameter, adjust the sending time of the traffic channel information frame and the control channel request frame according to the parameters in the received control channel response frame;
所述业务信道接入过程包括：在业务信道的固定时隙，传感终端进行无回复的单向传输，完成业务信息的传输；传感终端从休眠状态中激活，监测业务信道，若为忙，则进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；若为空闲，则随机退避一个随机退避时长后向汇聚节点发送业务信道信息帧，然后进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下 一次激活；The service channel access process includes: in the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensing terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information; the sensing terminal is activated from the dormant state and monitors the service channel, if it is busy , then enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it will randomly back off for a random backoff time, and then send the service channel information frame to the sink node, then enter the dormant state, and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle;
所述控制信道配置信息接入过程包括：传感终端在固定的配置时隙被激活向汇聚节点发送控制信道请求帧，然后进入等待接收状态，长度为等待回复周期；传感终端每成功接收到一个控制信道应答帧后，进入下一个等待回复周期，等待接收下一帧；传感终端成功接收到控制信道应答终帧后，回复控制信道确认帧；The control channel configuration information access process includes: the sensing terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters a waiting-to-receive state with a length of a waiting-reply period; every time the sensing terminal successfully receives After a control channel response frame, it enters the next waiting response period, waiting to receive the next frame; after the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response final frame, it responds to the control channel confirmation frame;
所述控制信道突发信息接入过程包括：传感终端需要上报突发情况时被激活，在控制信道立刻发送控制信道突发帧，进入等待回复周期；若传感终端没有成功接收到控制信道确认帧，则使用重传机制，直到传感终端成功接收到控制信道确认帧或重传次数达到重传上限；The control channel burst information access process includes: the sensing terminal is activated when it needs to report an emergency, immediately sends a control channel burst frame on the control channel, and enters a waiting period for reply; if the sensing terminal does not successfully receive the control channel If the confirmation frame is confirmed, the retransmission mechanism is used until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel confirmation frame or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission;
上述业务信道信息帧、控制信道请求帧、控制信道应答帧、控制信道应答终帧、控制信道确认帧以及控制信道突发帧通过MAC层帧头中的帧类型字段区分。The above traffic channel information frame, control channel request frame, control channel response frame, control channel response final frame, control channel confirmation frame and control channel burst frame are distinguished by the frame type field in the frame header of the MAC layer.
进一步地，所述控制信道配置信息接入过程中，传感终端发送异常时，传感终端在发送完控制信道请求帧后，进入等待接收状态；传感终端在等待回复周期内没有收到回复，则进入休眠状态，根据控制周期长度等待下一次激活；Further, in the process of accessing the control channel configuration information, when the sensing terminal sends abnormally, the sensing terminal enters the waiting state after sending the control channel request frame; the sensing terminal does not receive a reply within the waiting reply period. , then enter the sleep state, and wait for the next activation according to the length of the control cycle;
所述控制信道突发信息接入过程中，传感终端在等待回复周期内没有收到相应的控制信道确认帧，立刻重新发送控制信道突发帧；若在最大重传次数内接收到控制信道确认帧，则停止重发，进入休眠状态；若达到最大次数但没有接收到控制信道确认帧，则进入休眠状态。In the process of accessing the control channel burst information, the sensing terminal does not receive the corresponding control channel confirmation frame within the waiting reply period, and immediately retransmits the control channel burst frame; if the control channel is received within the maximum number of retransmissions If the confirmation frame is received, it will stop retransmission and enter the sleep state; if the maximum number of times is reached but no control channel confirmation frame is received, it will enter the sleep state.
一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，适用于输变电设备物联网的汇聚节点，包括时间同步过程，业务信道接入过程，控制信道配置信息接入过程，以及控制信道突发信息接入过程；A micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment, suitable for the convergence node of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment, including a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, a control channel configuration information access process, and Control channel burst information access process;
所述时间同步过程包括：汇聚节点根据传感终端随机发送的业务信道信息帧所处的时隙确定延迟参数；在接收到传感终端的控制信道请求帧后，将保存在汇聚节点的延迟参数、业务周期长度参数和控制周期长度参数记录在控制信道应答帧中回复给传感终端；The time synchronization process includes: the sink node determines the delay parameter according to the time slot in which the traffic channel information frame randomly sent by the sensing terminal is located; after receiving the control channel request frame from the sensing terminal, the delay parameter stored in the sink node is stored. , The service cycle length parameter and the control cycle length parameter are recorded in the control channel response frame and replied to the sensor terminal;
所述业务信道接入过程包括：汇聚节点一直处于等待接收状态，成功接收到传感终端发送的业务信道信息帧后，若传感终端的地址不在黑名单中，则向上层传输所述业务信道信息帧；若传感终端的地址在黑名单中，则丢弃此帧；若汇聚节点收到既不在白名单也不在黑名单中的传感终端发送的业务信息，则汇聚节点认为该传感终端为新加入的传感终端，汇聚节点接收该传感终端的业务信息，之后由上层决定该传感终端在当前汇聚节点中的黑白名单属性；The service channel access process includes: the aggregation node has been in a waiting state, and after successfully receiving the service channel information frame sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is not in the blacklist, then transmit the service channel to the upper layer. Information frame; if the address of the sensor terminal is in the blacklist, the frame will be discarded; if the sink node receives service information sent by a sensor terminal that is neither in the whitelist nor in the blacklist, the sink node considers the sensor terminal For a newly added sensor terminal, the aggregation node receives the service information of the sensor terminal, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensor terminal in the current aggregation node;
所述控制信道配置信息接入过程包括：汇聚节点在正确接收到传感终端发送的控制信道请求帧后与白名单中的传感终端地址进行匹配；若匹配成功，则汇聚节点向传感终端发送控制信道应答帧或者控制信道应答终帧；若匹配不成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；当汇聚节点需要回复的内容大于一帧的长度时，则连续发送多帧，最后一帧发送控制信道应答终帧，汇聚节点按序发送控制信道应答帧和控制信道应答终帧后，进入等待接收状态；The control channel configuration information access process includes: the sink node matches the address of the sensing terminal in the whitelist after correctly receiving the control channel request frame sent by the sensing terminal; if the matching is successful, the sink node sends the sensing terminal to the Send the control channel response frame or the control channel response final frame; if the match is unsuccessful, the sink node continues to wait for reception; when the content that the sink node needs to reply is greater than the length of one frame, it will send multiple frames continuously, and the last frame will be sent Control channel response final frame. After the sink node sends the control channel response frame and the control channel response final frame in sequence, it enters the waiting state;
所述控制信道突发信息接入过程包括：若汇聚节点成功接收到传感终端发送的控制信道突发帧并且与白名单中的传感终端地址匹配成功，则回复控制信道确认帧；若汇聚节点没有接收成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；The control channel burst information access process includes: if the convergence node successfully receives the control channel burst frame sent by the sensor terminal and successfully matches with the address of the sensor terminal in the whitelist, it returns a control channel confirmation frame; If the node does not receive successfully, the sink node continues to be in the waiting state;
上述业务信道信息帧、控制信道请求帧、控制信道应答帧、控制信道应答终帧、控制信道确认帧以及控制信道突发帧通过MAC层帧头中的帧类型字段区分。The above traffic channel information frame, control channel request frame, control channel response frame, control channel response final frame, control channel confirmation frame and control channel burst frame are distinguished by the frame type field in the frame header of the MAC layer.
一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，包括时间同步过程，业务信道接入过程，控制信道配置信息接入过程，以及控制信道突发信息接入过程；A micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, including a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, a control channel configuration information access process, and a control channel burst information access process;
所述时间同步过程包括：传感终端先随机发送业务信道信息帧，汇聚节点根据接收到的传感终端业务信息所处的时隙确定延迟参数；传感终端再发送控制信道请求帧，汇聚节点接收到控制信道请求帧后，将保存的延迟参数、业务周期长度参数和控制周期长度参数记录在控制信道应答帧中回复给传感终端；传感终端根据接收到的所述控制信道应答帧中的参数调整业务信道信息帧和控制信道请求帧的发送时间；The time synchronization process includes: the sensing terminal randomly sends a service channel information frame, and the sink node determines a delay parameter according to the time slot in which the received service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends a control channel request frame, and the sink node determines the delay parameter. After receiving the control channel request frame, record the saved delay parameter, service cycle length parameter and control cycle length parameter in the control channel response frame and reply to the sensor terminal; the sensor terminal according to the received control channel response frame parameters to adjust the sending time of traffic channel information frames and control channel request frames;
所述业务信道接入过程包括：在业务信道的固定时隙，传感终端进行无回复的单向传输，完成业务信息的传输；传感终端从休眠状态中激活，监测业务信道，若为忙，则进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；若为空闲，则随机退避一个随机退避时长后向汇聚节点发送业务信道信息帧，然后进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；汇聚节点一直处于等待接收状态，成功接收到传感终端发送的业务信道信息帧后，若传感终端的地址不在黑名单中，则向上层传输所述业务信道信息帧；若传感终端的地址在黑名单中，则丢弃此帧；若汇聚节点收到既不在白名单也不在黑名单中的传感终端发送的业务信息，则汇聚节点认为该传感终端为新加入的传感终端，汇聚节点接收该传感终端的业务信息，之后由上层决定该传感终端在当前汇聚节点中的黑白名单属性；The service channel access process includes: in the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensing terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information; the sensing terminal is activated from the dormant state and monitors the service channel, if it is busy , then enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it will randomly back off for a random backoff time, and then send the service channel information frame to the sink node, then enter the dormant state, and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; The sink node is always in the waiting state. After successfully receiving the service channel information frame sent by the sensing terminal, if the address of the sensing terminal is not in the blacklist, it will transmit the service channel information frame to the upper layer; if the address of the sensing terminal is not in the blacklist If it is in the blacklist, the frame will be discarded; if the aggregation node receives the service information sent by the sensor terminal that is neither in the whitelist nor in the blacklist, the aggregation node considers the sensor terminal to be a newly added sensor terminal, and aggregates The node receives the service information of the sensing terminal, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensing terminal in the current convergence node;
所述控制信道配置信息接入过程包括：传感终端在固定的配置时隙被激活向汇聚节点发送控制信道请求帧，然后进入等待接收状态，长度为等待回复周期；汇聚节点在正确接收到传感终端发送的控制信道请求帧后与白名单中的传感终端地址进行匹配；若匹配成功，则汇聚节点向传感终端发送控制信道应答帧或者控制信道应答终帧；若匹配不成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；当汇聚节点需要回复的内容大于一帧的长度时，则连续发送多帧，最后一帧发送控制信道应答终帧；传感终端每成功接收到一个控制信道应答帧后，进入下一个等待回复周期，等待接收下一帧；传感终端成功接收到控制信道应答终帧后，回复控制信道确认帧；汇聚节点按序发送控制信道应答帧和控制信道应答终帧后，进入等待接收状态；The control channel configuration information access process includes: the sensing terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters the waiting state for receiving, and the length is the waiting reply period; After matching the control channel request frame sent by the sensor terminal with the sensor terminal address in the whitelist; if the match is successful, the sink node sends the control channel response frame or the control channel response final frame to the sensor terminal; if the match is unsuccessful, the The sink node continues to wait for reception; when the content that the sink node needs to reply is greater than the length of one frame, it sends multiple frames continuously, and the last frame sends the control channel response final frame; each time the sensor terminal successfully receives a control channel response frame After the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response final frame, it will reply to the control channel confirmation frame; after the sink node sends the control channel response frame and the control channel response final frame in sequence , enter the waiting state;
所述控制信道突发信息接入过程包括：传感终端需要上报突发情况时被激活，在控制信道立刻发送控制信道突发帧，进入等待回复周期；若汇聚节点成功接收到传感终端发送的控制信道突发帧并且与白名单中的传感终端地址匹配成功，则回复控制信道确认帧；若汇聚节点没有接收成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；若传感终端没有成功接收到控制信道确认帧，则使用重传机制，直到传感终端成功接收到控制信道确认帧或重传次数达到重传上限；The control channel burst information access process includes: the sensor terminal is activated when it needs to report a sudden situation, immediately sends a control channel burst frame on the control channel, and enters a waiting period for reply; if the sink node successfully receives the transmission from the sensor terminal If the control channel burst frame and the address of the sensor terminal in the whitelist are successfully matched, the control channel confirmation frame is returned; if the sink node does not receive it successfully, the sink node continues to wait for reception; if the sensor terminal fails to receive Control channel confirmation frame, use the retransmission mechanism until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel confirmation frame or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission;
上述业务信道信息帧、控制信道请求帧、控制信道应答帧、控制信道应答终帧、控制信道确认帧以及控制信道突发帧通过MAC层帧头中的帧类型字段区分。The above traffic channel information frame, control channel request frame, control channel response frame, control channel response final frame, control channel confirmation frame and control channel burst frame are distinguished by the frame type field in the frame header of the MAC layer.
进一步地，所述MAC层帧头还包括通信信令指示、加密指示、MAC层负载长度和传感终端ID字段；对于业务信道信息帧、控制信道突发帧省略传感终端检测数据或告警数据中的传感终端ID，只保留MAC帧头中的传感终端ID。Further, the MAC layer frame header also includes communication signaling indication, encryption indication, MAC layer load length and sensor terminal ID fields; for traffic channel information frames and control channel burst frames, sensor terminal detection data or alarm data are omitted. The sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header only retains the sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header.
进一步地，为减少传输的交互次数，把多个通信指令组合成单帧进行发送，单个控制信道应答帧或控制信道应答终帧承载的数据不能超过MAC负载上限。Further, in order to reduce the number of interactions in transmission, multiple communication commands are combined into a single frame for transmission, and the data carried by a single control channel response frame or control channel response final frame cannot exceed the upper limit of the MAC load.
进一步地，传感终端与汇聚节点间物理层通信支持LORA、BLE和ZigBee，选用2.4GHz频段和470M～510MHz频段。Further, the physical layer communication between the sensing terminal and the aggregation node supports LORA, BLE and ZigBee, and the 2.4GHz frequency band and the 470M-510MHz frequency band are selected.
一种用于输变电设备物联网传感终端的微功率无线接入装置，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述计算机程序被加载至处理器时实现所述的适用于输变电设备物联网的传感终端的微功率 无线接入方法。A micro-power wireless access device for the Internet of Things sensing terminal of power transmission and transformation equipment, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and running on the processor, the computer program being loaded into the processing The micro-power wireless access method suitable for the sensing terminal of the Internet of Things of the power transmission and transformation equipment is realized when the device is used.
一种用于输变电设备物联网汇聚节点的微功率无线接入装置，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述计算机程序被加载至处理器时实现所述的适用于输变电设备物联网汇聚节点的微功率无线接入方法。A micro-power wireless access device for an IoT convergence node of power transmission and transformation equipment, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, the computer program being loaded into the processor The micro-power wireless access method suitable for the convergence node of the Internet of Things of the power transmission and transformation equipment is realized at the same time.
一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入装置，包括所述的用于输变电设备物联网传感终端的微功率无线接入装置，以及所述的用于输变电设备物联网汇聚节点的微功率无线接入装置。A micro-power wireless access device for the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment, comprising the micro-power wireless access device for the sensing terminal of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment, and the described micro-power wireless access device for power transmission and transformation equipment. Micro-power wireless access device for equipment IoT convergence node.
有益效果：本发明采用异步通信方式，由传感器发起的随机上报机制，传感器无需监听节点消息，绝大部分时间处于休眠状态，有效降低传感器功耗；本发明以单向业务为主，根据状态监测业务特点，对于主要的普通检测数据，在业务信道采用单向上报为主的模式，使得传感器工作时间最小化；本发明支持双向配置，在控制信道实现有限的双向通信，支持对传感器周期、阈值等参数配置；本发明支持告警重传机制，针对重要的告警信息，在控制信道上支持重传机制，提高了告警业务的可靠性。本发明针对输变电设备物联网实际应用场景，既能最大限度降低功耗又能满足业务可靠传输、双向配置需求，能够很好地用于输变电设备物联网高频次、小数据量(k级以下)、μA级功耗的设备状态感知传感器(如温度、温湿度、形变、倾角等传感器)标准化接入。Beneficial effects: the present invention adopts an asynchronous communication mode, a random reporting mechanism initiated by the sensor, the sensor does not need to monitor node messages, and is in a dormant state most of the time, effectively reducing the power consumption of the sensor; Business characteristics: For the main common detection data, the one-way reporting mode is adopted in the business channel, so that the working time of the sensor is minimized; the present invention supports two-way configuration, realizes limited two-way communication in the control channel, and supports the sensor cycle, threshold value The invention supports the alarm retransmission mechanism, and supports the retransmission mechanism on the control channel for important alarm information, thereby improving the reliability of the alarm service. Aiming at the actual application scenario of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, the invention can not only reduce power consumption to the maximum extent, but also meet the requirements of reliable business transmission and two-way configuration, and can be well used for high frequency and small data volume of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment. Standardized access to device state sensing sensors (such as temperature, temperature and humidity, deformation, inclination, etc.) with power consumption (below k level) and μA level power consumption.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为输变电设备物联网总体架构图。Figure 1 shows the overall architecture of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment.
图2为数据链路层与物理层帧结构关系。Figure 2 shows the relationship between the data link layer and the physical layer frame structure.
图3为时隙划分示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of time slot division.
图4为业务信道传输过程图。FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a traffic channel transmission process.
图5为控制信道配置信息请求与响应过程图。FIG. 5 is a process diagram of a control channel configuration information request and response.
图6为传感终端请求发送异常情况图。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the abnormal situation of the sensor terminal requesting to send.
图7为汇聚节点应答发送异常情况图。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the abnormal situation of the sink node reply sending.
图8为传感终端确认回复异常情况图。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an abnormal situation in which the sensor terminal confirms and replies.
图9为控制信道突发信息请求和响应过程图。FIG. 9 is a process diagram of a control channel burst information request and response.
图10为传感终端突发帧发送异常情况图。Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an abnormal situation in which a sensor terminal sends a burst frame.
图11为汇聚节点确认帧发送异常情况图。FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the abnormal situation of the sink node confirming frame sending.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅只是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的其他所有实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明实施例公开的一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，适用于输变电设备物联网的传感终端，包括时间同步过程，业务信道接入过程，控制信道配置信息接入过程，以及控制信道突发信息接入过程。A micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for the sensing terminal of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, and includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, and a control channel. Configuration information access process, and control channel burst information access process.
时间同步过程包括：传感终端先随机发送业务信道信息帧，由汇聚节点根据传感终端业务信息所处的时隙确定延迟参数；传感终端再发送控制信道请求帧，并接收汇聚节点返回的含有延迟参数、业务周期长度参数和控制周期长度 参数的控制信道应答帧，根据接收到的参数调整业务信道信息帧和控制信道请求帧的发送时间；The time synchronization process includes: the sensing terminal first randomly sends the service channel information frame, and the sink node determines the delay parameter according to the time slot where the service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends the control channel request frame, and receives the return from the sink node. Control channel response frame containing delay parameter, service cycle length parameter and control cycle length parameter, adjust the sending time of service channel information frame and control channel request frame according to the received parameters;
业务信道接入过程包括：在业务信道的固定时隙，传感终端进行无回复的单向传输，完成业务信息的传输；传感终端从休眠状态中激活，监测业务信道，若为忙，则进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；若为空闲，则随机退避一个随机退避时长后向汇聚节点发送业务信道信息帧后，进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；The service channel access process includes: in the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensor terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information; the sensor terminal is activated from the dormant state and monitors the service channel. Enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it will randomly back off for a random backoff time, and then send the service channel information frame to the sink node, then enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle;
控制信道配置信息接入过程包括：传感终端在固定的配置时隙被激活向汇聚节点发送控制信道请求帧，然后进入等待接收状态，长度为等待回复周期；传感终端每成功接收到一个控制信道应答帧后，进入下一个等待回复周期，等待接收下一帧；传感终端成功接收到控制信道应答终帧后，回复控制信道确认帧；The access process of the control channel configuration information includes: the sensing terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters the waiting-receive state, the length is the waiting-reply period; every time the sensing terminal successfully receives a control channel After the channel response frame, it enters the next waiting response cycle, waiting to receive the next frame; after the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response final frame, it returns the control channel confirmation frame;
控制信道突发信息接入过程包括：传感终端需要上报突发情况时被激活，在控制信道立刻发送控制信道突发帧，进入等待回复周期；若传感终端没有成功接收到控制信道确认帧，则使用重传机制，直到传感终端成功接收到控制信道确认帧或重传次数达到重传上限。The control channel burst information access process includes: the sensor terminal is activated when it needs to report the emergency, immediately sends the control channel burst frame on the control channel, and enters the waiting period for reply; if the sensor terminal does not successfully receive the control channel confirmation frame , the retransmission mechanism is used until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel confirmation frame or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission.
本发明实施例公开的一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，适用于输变电设备物联网的汇聚节点，包括时间同步过程，业务信道接入过程，控制信道配置信息接入过程，以及控制信道突发信息接入过程；A micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for the convergence node of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, and includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, and a control channel configuration. Information access process, and control channel burst information access process;
时间同步过程包括：汇聚节点根据传感终端随机发送的业务信道信息帧所处的时隙确定延迟参数；在接收到传感终端的控制信道请求帧后，将保存在汇聚节点的延迟参数、业务周期长度参数和控制周期长度参数记录在控制信道应答帧中回复给传感终端；The time synchronization process includes: the sink node determines the delay parameter according to the time slot of the traffic channel information frame randomly sent by the sensing terminal; after receiving the control channel request frame from the sensing terminal, the delay parameter, service The cycle length parameter and the control cycle length parameter are recorded in the control channel response frame and replied to the sensing terminal;
业务信道接入过程包括：汇聚节点一直处于等待接收状态，成功接收到传感终端发送的业务信道信息帧后，若传感终端的地址不在黑名单中，则向上层传输该数据；若传感终端的地址在黑名单中，则丢弃此帧；若汇聚节点收到既不在白名单也不在黑名单中的传感终端发送的业务信息，则汇聚节点认为该传感终端为新加入的传感终端，汇聚节点接收该传感终端的业务信息，之后由上层决定该传感终端在当前汇聚节点中的黑白名单属性；The service channel access process includes: the aggregation node has been in the waiting state, and after successfully receiving the service channel information frame sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is not in the blacklist, it will transmit the data to the upper layer; If the address of the terminal is in the blacklist, the frame will be discarded; if the sink node receives service information sent by a sensor terminal that is neither in the whitelist nor in the blacklist, the sink node considers the sensor terminal to be a newly added sensor terminal. The terminal, the convergence node receives the service information of the sensing terminal, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensing terminal in the current convergence node;
控制信道配置信息接入过程包括：汇聚节点在正确接收到传感终端发送的控制信道请求帧后与白名单中的传感终端地址进行匹配；若匹配成功，则汇聚节点向传感终端发送控制信道应答帧或者控制信道应答终帧；若匹配不成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；当汇聚节点需要回复的内容大于一帧的长度时，则连续发送多帧，最后一帧发送控制信道应答终帧，汇聚节点按序发送控制信道应答帧和控制信道应答终帧后，进入等待接收状态；The control channel configuration information access process includes: after the sink node correctly receives the control channel request frame sent by the sensor terminal, it matches the address of the sensor terminal in the white list; if the match is successful, the sink node sends the control channel to the sensor terminal. Channel response frame or control channel response final frame; if the match is unsuccessful, the sink node continues to wait for reception; when the content that the sink node needs to reply is greater than the length of one frame, it will send multiple frames continuously, and the last frame will send the control channel In response to the final frame, the sink node enters the waiting state after sending the control channel response frame and the control channel response final frame in sequence;
控制信道突发信息接入过程包括：若汇聚节点成功接收到传感终端发送的控制信道突发帧并完成匹配，则回复控制信道确认帧；若汇聚节点没有接收成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态。The control channel burst information access process includes: if the sink node successfully receives the control channel burst frame sent by the sensor terminal and completes the matching, it will reply to the control channel confirmation frame; if the sink node does not receive successfully, the sink node will continue to wait. receive status.
结合上述传感终端和汇聚节点，本发明实施例公开的一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，包括时间同步过程，业务信道接入过程，控制信道配置信息接入过程，以及控制信道突发信息接入过程；Combining the above-mentioned sensing terminals and aggregation nodes, a micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, and a control channel configuration information access. process, and the control channel burst information access process;
时间同步过程包括：传感终端先随机发送业务信道信息帧，汇聚节点根据接收到的传感终端业务信息所处的时隙确定延迟参数；传感终端再发送控制信道请求帧，汇聚节点接收到控制信道请求帧后，将保存的延迟参数、业务周期长度参数和控制周期长度参数记录在控制信道应答帧中回复给传感终端；传感终端根据接收到的参数调整业务信道信息帧和控制信道请求帧的发送时间；The time synchronization process includes: the sensing terminal first randomly sends the service channel information frame, and the sink node determines the delay parameter according to the time slot in which the received service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends the control channel request frame, and the sink node receives the frame. After the control channel request frame, record the saved delay parameters, service cycle length parameters and control cycle length parameters in the control channel response frame and reply to the sensor terminal; the sensor terminal adjusts the service channel information frame and control channel according to the received parameters. The sending time of the request frame;
业务信道接入过程包括：在业务信道的固定时隙，传感终端进行无回复的单向传输，完成业务信息的传输；传感 终端从休眠状态中激活，监测业务信道，若为忙，则进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；若为空闲，则随机退避一个随机退避时长后向汇聚节点发送业务信道信息帧后，进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；汇聚节点一直处于等待接收状态，成功接收到传感终端发送的业务信道信息帧后，若传感终端的地址不在黑名单中，则向上层传输该数据；若传感终端的地址在黑名单中，则丢弃此帧；若汇聚节点收到既不在白名单也不在黑名单中的传感终端发送的业务信息，则汇聚节点认为该传感终端为新加入的传感终端，汇聚节点接收该传感终端的业务信息，之后由上层决定该传感终端在当前汇聚节点中的黑白名单属性；The service channel access process includes: in the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensor terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information; the sensor terminal is activated from the dormant state and monitors the service channel. Enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it will randomly back off for a random backoff time, and then send the service channel information frame to the sink node, then enter the sleep state, and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; the sink node Always in the waiting state, after successfully receiving the service channel information frame sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is not in the blacklist, it will transmit the data to the upper layer; if the address of the sensor terminal is in the blacklist, then Discard this frame; if the sink node receives service information sent by a sensor terminal that is neither in the whitelist nor in the blacklist, the sink node considers the sensor terminal to be a newly added sensor terminal, and the sink node receives the sensor terminal. the service information, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensing terminal in the current sink node;
控制信道配置信息接入过程包括：传感终端在固定的配置时隙被激活向汇聚节点发送控制信道请求帧，然后进入等待接收状态，长度为等待回复周期；汇聚节点在正确接收到传感终端发送的控制信道请求帧后与白名单中的传感终端地址进行匹配；若匹配成功，则汇聚节点向传感终端发送控制信道应答帧或者控制信道应答终帧；若匹配不成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；当汇聚节点需要回复的内容大于一帧的长度时，则连续发送多帧，最后一帧发送控制信道应答终帧；传感终端每成功接收到一个控制信道应答帧后，进入下一个等待回复周期，等待接收下一帧；传感终端成功接收到控制信道应答终帧后，回复控制信道确认帧；汇聚节点按序发送控制信道应答帧和控制信道应答终帧后，进入等待接收状态；The control channel configuration information access process includes: the sensor terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters the waiting state for receiving, the length is the waiting period for reply; the sink node receives the sensor terminal correctly when The sent control channel request frame is matched with the sensor terminal address in the whitelist; if the match is successful, the sink node sends a control channel response frame or a control channel response final frame to the sensor terminal; if the match fails, the sink node Continue to wait for reception; when the content to be replied by the sink node is greater than the length of one frame, it will send multiple frames continuously, and the last frame will send the control channel response final frame; each time the sensor terminal successfully receives a control channel response frame, Enter the next waiting period for reply, waiting to receive the next frame; after the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response final frame, it will reply to the control channel confirmation frame; after the sink node sends the control channel response frame and the control channel response final frame in sequence, it enters Waiting for receiving state;
控制信道突发信息接入过程采用随机双向且具有停等重传机制的交互方式，包括：传感终端需要上报突发情况时被激活，在控制信道立刻发送控制信道突发帧，进入等待回复周期；若汇聚节点成功接收到传感终端发送的控制信道突发帧并完成匹配，则回复控制信道确认帧；若汇聚节点没有接收成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；若传感终端没有成功接收到控制信道确认帧，则使用重传机制，直到传感终端成功接收到控制信道确认帧或重传次数达到重传上限。The control channel burst information access process adopts a random two-way interactive mode with a stop-and-wait retransmission mechanism, including: the sensor terminal is activated when it needs to report an emergency, immediately sends a control channel burst frame on the control channel, and enters to wait for a reply Period; if the sink node successfully receives the control channel burst frame sent by the sensor terminal and completes the matching, it will reply to the control channel confirmation frame; if the sink node does not receive successfully, the sink node continues to wait for reception; if the sensor terminal does not If the control channel confirmation frame is successfully received, the retransmission mechanism is used until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel confirmation frame or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission.
下面对本发明实施例中涉及到的具体通信协议做详细说明。本发明所涉及的输变电设备物联网微功率无线网通信协议设计主要分为物理层设计和链路层设计。其中物理层通信体制选型：基于传感器主流厂家的工作基础，选用LORA、BLE、ZigBee物理层方式，一方面以上三种通信芯片具备低功耗的特点，其休眠电流小于1uA，同时发送功率和接收功率为数十mA级别，可满足窄带物联网业务需求，另一方面兼容当前主流传感器厂家的硬件配置；频段合法性：满足无委会的微功率频段使用规定，选用2.4GHz频段和470M～510MHz频段，具体对应为2.4GLORA，470M LORA，2.4G BLE5.0，2.4G ZigBee，其中LORA具有远距离传输优势。The specific communication protocols involved in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The communication protocol design of the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things micro-power wireless network involved in the present invention is mainly divided into a physical layer design and a link layer design. Among them, the physical layer communication system selection: based on the work foundation of mainstream sensor manufacturers, LORA, BLE, and ZigBee physical layer methods are selected. On the one hand, the above three communication chips have the characteristics of low power consumption, their sleep current is less than 1uA, and the transmission power and The receiving power is at the level of tens of mA, which can meet the needs of narrow-band Internet of Things services. On the other hand, it is compatible with the hardware configuration of current mainstream sensor manufacturers; frequency band legitimacy: to meet the micro-power frequency band usage regulations of the NCAC, select the 2.4GHz frequency band and 470M~ 510MHz frequency band, corresponding to 2.4GLORA, 470M LORA, 2.4G BLE5.0, 2.4G ZigBee, among which LORA has the advantage of long-distance transmission.
网络拓扑结构包含汇聚节点和传感终端，网络配置为星型网络模型，即多个传感终端与一个汇聚节点直接相连，本网络模型支持两种通信传输，分别为单向传输和双向传输。单向传输指汇聚节点与传感终端在一个单独的信道上直接相连，传感终端通过上行链路上传数据，单向传输只能在传感终端发起，汇聚节点进行接收。双向传输指传感终端和汇聚节点通过给定信道的上行链路和下行链路进行数据传输，多个传感终端有序接入同一个汇聚节点时，双向传输由传感终端在上行链路发起，汇聚节点在下行链路上进行应答。The network topology includes sink nodes and sensor terminals. The network is configured as a star network model, that is, multiple sensor terminals are directly connected to a sink node. This network model supports two types of communication transmission, one-way transmission and two-way transmission. One-way transmission means that the sink node and the sensing terminal are directly connected on a separate channel, and the sensing terminal uploads data through the uplink. One-way transmission can only be initiated by the sensing terminal and received by the sink node. Two-way transmission means that the sensing terminal and the sink node perform data transmission through the uplink and downlink of a given channel. When multiple sensing terminals access the same sink node in an orderly manner, the two-way transmission is performed by the sensing terminal in the uplink. Initiate, the sink node replies on the downlink.
物理层的帧结构如表1所示。对于CSS物理层，物理层头、物理层头校验、以及物理层负载校验字段为必选；对于IEEE802.15.4物理层，不需要物理层头校验字段和物理层负载校验字段，物理层头为必选；对于BLE5.0物理层，不需要物理层头校验字段，物理层头和物理层负载校验字段为必选。物理层共设置2个工作频段：470-510MHz频段和2400-2483.5MHz频段。The frame structure of the physical layer is shown in Table 1. For the CSS physical layer, the physical layer header, physical layer header check, and physical layer load check fields are mandatory; for the IEEE802.15.4 physical layer, the physical layer header check field and the physical layer load check field are not required. The layer header is required; for the BLE5.0 physical layer, the physical layer header check field is not required, and the physical layer header and physical layer load check fields are required. There are 2 working frequency bands in the physical layer: 470-510MHz frequency band and 2400-2483.5MHz frequency band.
表1物理层帧结构Table 1 Physical layer frame structure
Figure PCTCN2021128290-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021128290-appb-000001
数据链路层在物理层提供服务的基础上向上层提供服务，数据链路层与物理层的帧结构关系如图2所示。传输数据采用帧结构作为基本单元，帧结构见表2，物理层负载长度为9到264字节，用来记录物理层需要传输的数据。物理层负载的循环冗余校验(CRC)。The data link layer provides services to the upper layers on the basis of the services provided by the physical layer. The frame structure relationship between the data link layer and the physical layer is shown in Figure 2. The transmission data adopts the frame structure as the basic unit. The frame structure is shown in Table 2. The length of the physical layer payload is 9 to 264 bytes, which is used to record the data that the physical layer needs to transmit. Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) of the physical layer load.
表2物理层负载结构Table 2 Physical layer load structure
字段名称Field Name MAC层头MAC layer header MAC层负载MAC layer load 信息完整度校验information integrity check
字段长度field length (8字节)(8 bytes) (0-255字节)(0-255 bytes) (1字节)(1 byte)
其中MAC层头描述帧的类型、负载字段的长度和传感终端ID等配置信息。MAC层负载承载MAC层传输的数据。此字段的数据结构根据帧类型字段的定义进行结构组织和编码。信息完整度校验用于对MAC层头和MAC层负载进行校验，判断发送数据是否被第三方篡改。校验方法是将MAC层头和MAC层负载以1字节为单位进行累加，累加结果作为信息完整度校验字段的值填入信息完整度校验字段。The MAC layer header describes configuration information such as the frame type, the length of the payload field, and the sensor terminal ID. The MAC layer payload carries the data transmitted by the MAC layer. The data structure of this field is structured and encoded according to the definition of the frame type field. The information integrity check is used to check the MAC layer header and MAC layer load to determine whether the sent data has been tampered with by a third party. The verification method is to accumulate the MAC layer header and the MAC layer payload in units of 1 byte, and the accumulation result is used as the value of the information integrity verification field to fill in the information integrity verification field.
MAC层头由帧类型(MType)、通信信令指示(CC_Ind)、加密指示(Key_If)、MAC层负载长度(Length)和传感终端ID等字段组成，见表3。The MAC layer header consists of fields such as frame type (MType), communication signaling indication (CC_Ind), encryption indication (Key_If), MAC layer payload length (Length), and sensor terminal ID, as shown in Table 3.
表3 MAC层头结构Table 3 MAC layer header structure
字段名称Field Name 帧类型frame type 通信信令指示communication signaling indication 加密指示encryption instructions MAC层负载长度MAC layer payload length 传感终端IDSensor terminal ID
字段长度field length (4比特)(4 bits) (1比特)(1 bit) (3比特)(3 bits) (1字节)(1 byte) (6字节)(6 bytes)
帧类型字段长度为4比特，定义帧的具体类型和功能。帧类型的具体编码及对应的含义见表4。The frame type field is 4 bits long and defines the specific type and function of the frame. The specific coding of the frame type and the corresponding meaning are shown in Table 4.
表4帧类型内容Table 4 Frame Type Content
比特序列bit sequence 帧类型(英文)Frame Type (English) 帧类型(中文)Frame Type (Chinese)
0b00000b0000 MESSAGEMESSAGE 业务信道信息帧Traffic Channel Information Frame
0b00010b0001 REQREQ 控制信道请求帧control channel request frame
0b00100b0010 RSPRSP 控制信道应答帧control channel response frame
0b00110b0011 RSP_ENDRSP_END 控制信道应答终帧control channel response final frame
0b01000b0100 BURSTBURST 控制信道突发帧control channel burst frame
0b01010b0101 ACKACK 控制信道确认帧control channel acknowledgement frame
其他other RFURFU 保留备用reserve
通信信令指示(CC_Ind)用于指示MAC负载是业务或通信指令；取值0b1表示控制报文，取值0b0表示是通信指令。该指示只在控制信道应答帧(RSP帧)或控制信道应答终帧(RPS_END帧)中有效。加密指示字段表明发送的MAC层负载和信息完整度校验是否进行了加密，长度为3比特：取值0表示不加密；取值1表示加密。MAC层负载长度字段定义了MAC层负载字段的字节长度，此字段长度为1字节，因此MAC层负载字段的长度为0到255字节。传感终端ID是传感终端设备在网络中的唯一标识，每个传感终端都会被分配一个唯一的传感终端地址。传感终端ID字段的长度为6字节。业务信道信息帧(MESSAGE)为在业务信道中传输的一种帧的类型，其功能主要为将发送端的数据按照指定的数据格式以及传输规则有序地传输给接收端，用于传感终端上报监测数据报文。为减少数据传输量，省略检测数据中的传感终端ID，只保留MAC帧头中的传感终端ID。控制信道突发帧(BURST)为在控制信道中传输的一种帧的类型，用于传感终端上报告警数据报文。为减少数据传输量，省略告警数据中的传感终端ID，只保留MAC帧头中的传感终端ID。The communication signaling indication (CC_Ind) is used to indicate that the MAC load is a service or a communication instruction; a value of 0b1 indicates a control message, and a value of 0b0 indicates a communication instruction. This indication is only valid in the control channel response frame (RSP frame) or the control channel response end frame (RPS_END frame). The encryption indication field indicates whether the sent MAC layer payload and information integrity check are encrypted. The length is 3 bits: a value of 0 means no encryption; a value of 1 means encryption. The MAC layer payload length field defines the byte length of the MAC layer payload field. The length of this field is 1 byte, so the length of the MAC layer payload field is 0 to 255 bytes. The sensor terminal ID is the unique identification of the sensor terminal device in the network, and each sensor terminal will be assigned a unique sensor terminal address. The length of the sensor terminal ID field is 6 bytes. The service channel information frame (MESSAGE) is a type of frame transmitted in the service channel. Its function is mainly to transmit the data of the sender to the receiver in an orderly manner according to the specified data format and transmission rules, for the sensor terminal to report. Monitoring data packets. In order to reduce the amount of data transmission, the sensor terminal ID in the detection data is omitted, and only the sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header is retained. The control channel burst frame (BURST) is a type of frame transmitted in the control channel and is used for reporting alarm data packets on the sensing terminal. In order to reduce the amount of data transmission, the sensor terminal ID in the alarm data is omitted, and only the sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header is retained.
控制信道请求帧(REQ)为在控制信道中传输的一种帧的类型，其功能主要为发送端以一定的传输规则向接收端发送信息，并请求回复。发送端根据需求将数据写入请求数据类型字段。控制信道请求帧的MAC层负载字段的结构由信息类型和保留备用组成。控制信道应答帧可承载通信指令或者控制报文。控制信道应答帧(RSP)是在控制信道 中传输的一种帧的类型，其功能主要为接收端在接收到控制信道请求帧后，根据控制信道请求帧的信息类型字段向发送端进行控制信息的回复。通信指令和控制报文不能在同一个的RSP帧或控制信道应答终帧(RSP_END)内传输。MAC帧头中的通信信令指示取值0b0。The control channel request frame (REQ) is a type of frame transmitted in the control channel, and its function is mainly for the sender to send information to the receiver with certain transmission rules, and to request a reply. The sender writes data into the request data type field as required. The structure of the MAC layer payload field of the control channel request frame consists of information type and reserved spare. The control channel response frame can carry communication commands or control messages. The control channel response frame (RSP) is a type of frame transmitted in the control channel. Its function is that the receiving end sends control information to the transmitting end according to the information type field of the control channel request frame after receiving the control channel request frame. 's reply. Communication commands and control messages cannot be transmitted in the same RSP frame or control channel response end frame (RSP_END). The communication signaling indication in the MAC frame header takes the value 0b0.
为减少传输的交互次数，把多个通信指令组合成单帧进行发送，单帧的数据结构见表5，单个RSP帧或RPS_END帧承载的数据不能超过MAC负载上限，即255字节。每个通信指令数据由通信指令类型和通信指令内容组成，见表6，其中通信指令类型和内容字段的定义见表7。In order to reduce the number of interactions in transmission, multiple communication commands are combined into a single frame for transmission. The data structure of a single frame is shown in Table 5. The data carried by a single RSP frame or RPS_END frame cannot exceed the upper limit of the MAC load, that is, 255 bytes. Each communication instruction data is composed of communication instruction type and communication instruction content, as shown in Table 6, wherein the definitions of the communication instruction type and content fields are shown in Table 7.
表5通信信令数据结构Table 5 Communication signaling data structure
Figure PCTCN2021128290-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021128290-appb-000002
表6通信信令数据结构Table 6 Communication signaling data structure
Figure PCTCN2021128290-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021128290-appb-000003
表7通信信令数据结构Table 7 Communication signaling data structure
Figure PCTCN2021128290-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021128290-appb-000004
其中业务周期长度定义为发送端发送业务信息的周期。控制周期长度定义为发送端发送控制信息请求的周期，以业务周期(默认或配置后的业务周期)为单位。控制周期为0时，发送端不发射控制信息请求帧；控制周期为1时，每个业务周期发送1次控制信道请求帧，不发送业务信道信息帧；控制周期为m时，每m个业务周期，发送一次控制信道请求帧，发送m-1次业务信道信息帧。延迟时间定义为业务信息发送时刻的时间偏移量。最大随机扰动时长定义为发送端发送时刻偏离发射基准时刻的最大允许范围，以5ms为单位。随机扰动时长与延时配合使用，确定发送端的发射时刻。业务信道频点用于控制业务信道的频点，默认业务信道频点不支持动态配置，默认业务信道被配置在固定的频点，并且采用默认的物理层配置。传感终端可以在汇聚节点的指派下，从默认业务信道频点转移到其它业务信道频点下进行通信。物理层参数配置用于指定业务信道和控制信道的物理层参数配置编号，默认物理层参数不支持动态配置。传感终端可以在汇聚节点的指派下，按指定的物理层参数配置编号进行配置。REQ帧等待回复周期定义为发送端发送REQ帧后等待回复的时间。BURST帧等待回复周期定义为发送端发送BURST帧后等待回复的时间。The service period length is defined as the period during which the sender sends service information. The length of the control period is defined as the period during which the sender sends a request for control information, and takes the service period (default or configured service period) as the unit. When the control period is 0, the sender does not transmit the control information request frame; when the control period is 1, the control channel request frame is sent once per service period, and no service channel information frame is sent; when the control period is m, every m service Period, send the control channel request frame once, and send the traffic channel information frame m-1 times. The delay time is defined as the time offset of the time when the service information is sent. The maximum random disturbance duration is defined as the maximum allowable range for the sending time of the sender to deviate from the sending reference time, in units of 5ms. The random perturbation duration is used in conjunction with the delay to determine the transmission time of the sender. The traffic channel frequency is used to control the frequency of the traffic channel. The default traffic channel frequency does not support dynamic configuration. The default traffic channel is configured at a fixed frequency and adopts the default physical layer configuration. The sensing terminal can transfer from the default service channel frequency point to other service channel frequency points for communication under the assignment of the sink node. The physical layer parameter configuration is used to specify the physical layer parameter configuration number of the traffic channel and the control channel. The default physical layer parameter does not support dynamic configuration. The sensing terminal can be configured according to the specified physical layer parameter configuration number under the assignment of the aggregation node. The REQ frame waiting and reply period is defined as the time that the sender waits for a reply after sending a REQ frame. The BURST frame waiting period for reply is defined as the time that the sender waits for a reply after sending a BURST frame.
MAC帧头中的通信信令指示(CC_Ind)取值0b1。MAC层负载内容承载控制报文。为减少数据传输量，省略报文中的传感终端ID，只保留MAC帧头中的传感终端ID。控制信道应答终帧(RSP_END)为控制信道应答帧的扩展。当发送端回复控制信道应答帧时，表明发送端发送的信息还没有结束，此后还会有信息发送。当发送端回复控制信道应答终帧时，表明此次发送的信息已经结束，此后没有新帧发送。控制信道应答终帧的MAC层负载字段与控制信道应答帧相同。控制信道确认帧为在控制信道中传输的一种帧的类型，其功能主要为接收端在接收到需要确认回复的帧后，向发送端发送控制信道确认帧进行确认。控制信道确认帧的使用情况见表8。控制信道确认帧的MAC层负载字 段由控制信道确认帧类型(ACK_Type)和数据(DATA)字段组成。控制信道确认帧类型字段定义了控制信道确认帧的类型，长度为1字节；数据字段为控制信道确认帧需要传输的数据，长度为0到254字节。The communication signaling indication (CC_Ind) in the MAC frame header takes the value 0b1. The MAC layer payload content carries control packets. In order to reduce the amount of data transmission, the sensor terminal ID in the message is omitted, and only the sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header is retained. The control channel response end frame (RSP_END) is an extension of the control channel response frame. When the sender replies with a control channel response frame, it indicates that the information sent by the sender has not ended, and there will be more information to be sent after that. When the sending end replies to the control channel response final frame, it indicates that the information sent this time has ended, and no new frame is sent after that. The MAC layer payload field of the control channel response final frame is the same as that of the control channel response frame. The control channel acknowledgment frame is a type of frame transmitted in the control channel. Its function is that the receiver sends a control channel acknowledgment frame to the sender for confirmation after receiving the frame that needs to be acknowledged. The usage of the control channel acknowledgement frame is shown in Table 8. The MAC layer payload field of the control channel acknowledgment frame consists of the control channel acknowledgment frame type (ACK_Type) and data (DATA) fields. The control channel acknowledgment frame type field defines the type of the control channel acknowledgment frame, with a length of 1 byte; the data field is the data that the control channel acknowledgment frame needs to transmit, with a length of 0 to 254 bytes.
表8控制信道确认帧的使用Table 8 Use of Control Channel Acknowledgement Frames
发送帧类型Send frame type 是否需要回复ACK帧(Y/N)Whether to reply ACK frame (Y/N)
业务信道信息帧Traffic Channel Information Frame NN
控制信道请求帧control channel request frame NN
控制信道应答帧control channel response frame NN
控制信道应答终帧control channel response final frame YY
控制信道突发帧control channel burst frame YY
保留备用帧是用来保留以备使用者需要增加新的定义帧所准备的一种帧的类型。使用者可以根据需要添加的功能，在不与现有的帧发生冲突的情况下，定义设计此帧的结构和编码形式。新的帧格式和编码必须在收发双方设备中同时更新，确保收发双方通信的可靠性。保留备用帧的使用增加了协议的可扩展性。A reserved spare frame is a type of frame that is reserved in case a user needs to add a new defined frame. The user can define and design the structure and coding form of the frame without conflicting with the existing frame according to the functions that need to be added. The new frame format and coding must be updated in the devices of both the sender and the receiver at the same time to ensure the reliability of the communication between the sender and the receiver. The use of reserved spare frames increases the scalability of the protocol.
在上述物理层选型和MAC层协议字段设计的基础上，下面对本发明实施例公开的用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法的具体实施进行详细说明。On the basis of the above physical layer selection and MAC layer protocol field design, the specific implementation of the micropower wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below.
一、时间同步1. Time synchronization
本发明采用FDMA的技术将频段分为业务信道和控制信道两种信道。在每个业务信道上，采用模糊TDMA机制解决信息接入的问题。在每个信道进行详细的时间划分，配置相应的时间参数。可配置的时间参数类型及名称如表9所示。这些参数均可通过控制信道的接入过程进行配置。The present invention adopts the technology of FDMA to divide the frequency band into two channels: the traffic channel and the control channel. On each traffic channel, the fuzzy TDMA mechanism is used to solve the problem of information access. Perform detailed time division on each channel and configure corresponding time parameters. The configurable time parameter types and names are shown in Table 9. These parameters can be configured through the access procedure of the control channel.
表9时间可配参数类型及名称Table 9 Time configurable parameter types and names
Figure PCTCN2021128290-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021128290-appb-000005
其中业务周期长度(Message_Cycle)定义为发送端发送业务信息的周期，即发送端连续两次发送业务信息的时间间隔。业务周期时隙数(Time_Slot)定义为一个业务周期内所划分的时隙的个数。控制周期长度(Control_Cycle)定义为发送端发送控制信息请求的周期，即发送端连续两次发送控制信息的时间间隔。等待回复周期(Wait_Cycle)定义为发送端等待回复的时间，即发送端在发送完需要等待回复的帧后，处于等待接收状态的时间。连续帧发送间隔(Transmission_Interval)定义为发送端发送连续多个控制信道应答帧(RSP)时，帧之间的发送间隔。此参数需要小于发送端等待回复时间(Wait_Cycle)。最大随机扰动时长(Random_Pert)定义为发送端控制发送时刻随机数的绝对值的最大值，默认最大随机扰动时长为5ms，也就是随机扰动值为-5～+5ms内的随机数。延迟(Delay)用于调整业务信道信息帧(MESSAGE)的发送时刻，在下次业务时刻延后对应的时间后再发送。The service cycle length (Message_Cycle) is defined as the cycle for the sender to send the service information, that is, the time interval for the sender to send the service information twice in a row. The number of timeslots in a service period (Time_Slot) is defined as the number of divided timeslots in a service period. The length of the control cycle (Control_Cycle) is defined as the cycle in which the sender sends a request for control information, that is, the time interval during which the sender sends the control information twice in a row. Wait_Cycle is defined as the time that the sender waits for a reply, that is, the time that the sender is in a waiting state after sending a frame that needs to wait for a reply. The continuous frame transmission interval (Transmission_Interval) is defined as the transmission interval between frames when the transmitter sends multiple consecutive control channel response frames (RSP). This parameter needs to be less than the time the sender waits for a reply (Wait_Cycle). The maximum random perturbation duration (Random_Pert) is defined as the maximum value of the absolute value of the random number at the time the sender controls the sending time. The default maximum random perturbation duration is 5ms, that is, the random perturbation value is a random number within -5 to +5ms. The delay (Delay) is used to adjust the sending time of the service channel information frame (MESSAGE), and then send it after the next service time is delayed by a corresponding time.
本发明采用模糊时隙同步的方案进行时间同步，减小传感终端的能耗。由汇聚节点将时间分段，再将每段时间平均分成多个时隙，且时隙的数量远远小于网络中传感终端的数量。同时每个时隙的长度大于单个传感终端发送一次业务信息的时间长度，因此每个时隙可以容纳多个传感终端。具体时隙划分如图3所示。The invention adopts the scheme of fuzzy time slot synchronization for time synchronization, and reduces the energy consumption of the sensing terminal. The time is divided by the sink node, and each time is divided into multiple time slots, and the number of time slots is far less than the number of sensor terminals in the network. At the same time, the length of each time slot is greater than the length of time for a single sensor terminal to send service information once, so each time slot can accommodate multiple sensor terminals. The specific time slot division is shown in Figure 3.
时间同步的过程是：汇聚节点根据接收到的传感终端业务信息所处的时隙，确定延迟、业务周期长度和控制周期长度三个参数。汇聚节点根据传感器上报的时刻，结合业务周期长度，可以统计所占用时隙资源；综合考虑已在线的传感器情况，通过控制信道应答帧，调整传感器所处的时隙，降低冲突概率。具体而言，传感终端先随机发送业务信 道信息帧(MESSAGE)，汇聚节点接收到业务信道信息帧(MESSAGE)后，记录接收到的时间，汇聚节点计算下一次发送业务信道信息帧(MESSAGE)的时刻与此时刻的间隔，即延迟参数。汇聚节点在接收到传感终端的控制信道请求帧(REQ)后，将保存在汇聚节点的延迟参数、业务周期长度参数和控制周期长度参数记录在控制信道应答帧(RSP)中回复给传感终端。传感终端根据以上的参数，调整业务信道信息帧(MESSAGE)和控制信道请求帧(REQ)的发送时间。通过以上参数的交互，完成时间的同步。The process of time synchronization is: the sink node determines three parameters of delay, service cycle length and control cycle length according to the time slot in which the received service information of the sensor terminal is located. According to the time reported by the sensor and the length of the service cycle, the sink node can count the occupied time slot resources; comprehensively consider the online sensor conditions, and adjust the time slot where the sensor is located through the control channel response frame to reduce the collision probability. Specifically, the sensing terminal first randomly sends the service channel information frame (MESSAGE), and after receiving the service channel information frame (MESSAGE), the sink node records the received time, and the sink node calculates the next time to send the service channel information frame (MESSAGE). The interval between the moment and this moment is the delay parameter. After receiving the control channel request frame (REQ) from the sensor terminal, the sink node records the delay parameter, service cycle length parameter and control cycle length parameter stored in the sink node in the control channel response frame (RSP) and replies to the sensor. terminal. The sensing terminal adjusts the sending time of the traffic channel information frame (MESSAGE) and the control channel request frame (REQ) according to the above parameters. Through the interaction of the above parameters, the time synchronization is completed.
二、业务信道接入2. Service channel access
汇聚节点中存储两个传感终端列表，分别为白名单和黑名单，初始化时两个名单均为空。接入初始化过程如下：The aggregation node stores two lists of sensing terminals, namely a white list and a black list, and both lists are empty during initialization. The access initialization process is as follows:
a)白名单记录汇聚节点需要进行控制的传感终端地址。当汇聚节点收到传感终端发送的控制信道请求帧(REQ)后，若此传感终端的地址在白名单中，则汇聚节点向该传感终端回复控制信道应答帧(RSP)或者控制信道应答终帧(RSP_END)；若此传感终端的地址不在白名单中，则丢弃此帧；a) The whitelist records the addresses of the sensor terminals that the sink node needs to control. When the sink node receives the control channel request frame (REQ) sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is in the white list, the sink node will reply the control channel response frame (RSP) or control channel to the sensor terminal. Response end frame (RSP_END); if the address of the sensor terminal is not in the white list, this frame is discarded;
b)黑名单中记录汇聚节点不进行业务信息转发的传感终端地址。当汇聚节点收到传感终端发送的业务信道信息帧(MESSAGE)后，若传感终端的地址不在黑名单中，则向上层(即数据应用层)传输该数据；若传感终端的地址在黑名单中，则丢弃此帧；b) In the blacklist, record the addresses of sensor terminals that the sink node does not forward service information. When the sink node receives the service channel information frame (MESSAGE) sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is not in the blacklist, it will transmit the data to the upper layer (that is, the data application layer); if the address of the sensor terminal is in In the blacklist, this frame is discarded;
c)若汇聚节点收到既不在白名单也不在黑名单中的传感终端发送的业务信息，则汇聚节点认为该传感终端为新加入的传感终端。汇聚节点接收该传感终端的业务信息，之后由上层决定该传感终端在当前汇聚节点中的黑白名单属性。c) If the sink node receives service information sent by a sensor terminal that is neither in the white list nor in the black list, the sink node considers the sensor terminal to be a newly added sensor terminal. The sink node receives the service information of the sensing terminal, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensing terminal in the current sink node.
在业务信道中，采用模糊TDMA的机制来解决大量传感终端的随机接入。具体接入过程如图4所示，具体接入过程为：In the traffic channel, the mechanism of fuzzy TDMA is used to solve the random access of a large number of sensor terminals. The specific access process is shown in Figure 4, and the specific access process is as follows:
a)在业务信道的固定时隙，传感终端进行无回复的单向传输，完成业务信息的传输；a) In the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensor terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information;
b)在业务信道上，传感终端在特定时隙从休眠状态中激活，监测业务信道，若为忙，则进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；若为空闲，则随机退避一个随机退避时长(Random_backoff)后向汇聚节点发送业务信道信息帧后，进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活。b) On the service channel, the sensor terminal activates from the dormant state in a specific time slot, monitors the service channel, if it is busy, it enters the dormant state, and waits for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it randomly backs off one After the random backoff time (Random_backoff), the service channel information frame is sent to the sink node, and then it enters a dormant state and waits for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle.
c)汇聚节点一直处于等待接收状态，若成功接收到传感终端发送的业务信道信息帧，则保存该业务信息(根据具体黑白名单规则进行处理)；若接收不成功，则丢弃该业务信道信息帧。c) The sink node is always in the waiting state. If the service channel information frame sent by the sensor terminal is successfully received, the service information is saved (processed according to the specific black and white list rules); if the reception is unsuccessful, the service channel information is discarded. frame.
三、控制信道配置信息接入3. Access to control channel configuration information
控制信道配置信息请求与响应过程如图5所示，具体接过程为：The control channel configuration information request and response process is shown in Figure 5, and the specific connection process is as follows:
a)传感终端在固定的配置时隙被激活向汇聚节点发送控制信道请求帧，然后进入等待接收状态，长度为等待回复周期(Wait_Cycle)。a) The sensing terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters a waiting-to-receive state with a length of a waiting-reply cycle (Wait_Cycle).
b)汇聚节点在正确接收到传感终端发送的控制信道请求帧后与白名单中的传感终端地址进行匹配。若匹配成功，则汇聚节点向传感终端发送控制信道应答帧或者控制信道应答终帧；若匹配不成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态。b) The sink node matches the sensor terminal address in the whitelist after correctly receiving the control channel request frame sent by the sensor terminal. If the matching is successful, the sink node sends a control channel response frame or a control channel response final frame to the sensing terminal; if the matching fails, the sink node continues to wait for reception.
c)当汇聚节点需要回复的内容大于一帧的长度时，则连续发送多帧，前N-1帧发送控制信道应答帧(RSP)，发送间隔为连续帧发送间隔(Transmission_Interval)，最后一帧发送控制信道应答终帧(RSP_END)。c) When the content that the sink node needs to reply is greater than the length of one frame, it will send multiple frames continuously, the first N-1 frames will send the control channel response frame (RSP), the sending interval is the continuous frame sending interval (Transmission_Interval), the last frame Send a control channel response end frame (RSP_END).
d)传感终端每成功接收到一个控制信道应答帧(RSP)后，进入下一个等待回复周期(Wait_Cycle)，等待接收下一帧。d) After the sensing terminal successfully receives a control channel response frame (RSP), it enters the next waiting and replying cycle (Wait_Cycle) and waits to receive the next frame.
e)传感终端成功接收到控制信道应答终帧(RSP_END)后，回复控制信道确认帧(ACK)。e) After the sensing terminal successfully receives the control channel response end frame (RSP_END), it replies to the control channel acknowledgement frame (ACK).
传感终端发送异常指传感终端发送的控制信道请求帧(REQ)由于传输错误或者匹配错误，汇聚节点没有接收成功。传感终端发送异常时，传感终端在发送完控制信道请求帧(REQ)后，进入等待接收状态。传感终端在等待回复周期(Wait_Cycle)内没有收到回复，则进入休眠状态，根据控制周期长度等待下一次激活，汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态，如图6所示。Abnormal sending by the sensing terminal means that the control channel request frame (REQ) sent by the sensing terminal is not successfully received by the sink node due to transmission error or matching error. When the sensing terminal sends abnormally, the sensing terminal enters the waiting state after sending the control channel request frame (REQ). If the sensor terminal does not receive a reply within the waiting reply cycle (Wait_Cycle), it enters the dormant state, and waits for the next activation according to the length of the control cycle, and the sink node continues to be in the waiting state, as shown in Figure 6.
汇聚节点发送异常指汇聚节点发送的控制信道应答帧(RSP)或者控制信道应答终帧(RSP_END)由于传输错误或者匹配错误，传感终端没有接收成功。汇聚节点发送异常时，传感终端在等待回复周期(Wait_Cycle)内没有收到回复，则进入休眠状态，根据控制周期长度等待下一次激活，汇聚节点按序发送控制信道应答帧(RSP)和控制信道应答终帧(RSP_END)后，进入等待接收状态，如图7所示。Abnormal sending by the sink node means that the control channel response frame (RSP) or the control channel response end frame (RSP_END) sent by the sink node is not successfully received by the sensing terminal due to transmission error or matching error. When the sink node sends abnormally, the sensor terminal does not receive a reply within the waiting reply cycle (Wait_Cycle), then it enters the sleep state, and waits for the next activation according to the length of the control cycle. After the channel responds to the final frame (RSP_END), it enters the state of waiting to receive, as shown in Figure 7.
传感终端回复异常指传感终端回复的控制信道确认帧(ACK)由于传输错误或者匹配错误，汇聚节点没有接收成功。传感终端回复异常时，传感终端在成功接收到控制信道应答终帧(RSP_END)后，向汇聚节点回复控制信道确认帧(ACK)，然后进入休眠状态，根据控制周期长度等待下一次激活，汇聚节点在发送完控制信道应答终帧(RSP_END)后，进入等待接收状态，如图8所示。The abnormal response of the sensor terminal means that the control channel acknowledgement frame (ACK) returned by the sensor terminal is not successfully received by the sink node due to transmission error or matching error. When the sensor terminal responds abnormally, after the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response end frame (RSP_END), it returns the control channel confirmation frame (ACK) to the sink node, and then enters the sleep state, waiting for the next activation according to the length of the control cycle. After sending the control channel response end frame (RSP_END), the sink node enters the waiting state, as shown in FIG. 8 .
四、控制信道突发信息接入Four, control channel burst information access
控制信道突发信息接入过程适用于突发性业务的传输，其采用随机双向且具有停等重传机制的交互方式。传感终端需要上报突发情况时被激活，在控制信道立刻发送控制信道突发帧(BURST)，进入等待回复周期(Wait_Cycle)；若汇聚节点成功接收并完成匹配，则回复控制信道确认帧(ACK)；若汇聚节点没有接收成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；传感终端没有成功接收到控制信道确认帧(ACK)，则使用重传机制，直到传感终端成功接收到控制信道确认帧(ACK)或重传次数达到重传上限，控制信道突发信息请求和响应过程如图9所示。The control channel burst information access process is suitable for the transmission of bursty services, and it adopts a random bidirectional interaction mode with a stop-and-wait retransmission mechanism. The sensor terminal is activated when it needs to report a sudden situation, and immediately sends a control channel burst frame (BURST) on the control channel, and enters the waiting response cycle (Wait_Cycle). ACK); if the sink node does not receive successfully, the sink node continues to wait for reception; the sensor terminal does not successfully receive the control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK), then the retransmission mechanism is used until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel acknowledgment The frame (ACK) or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission, and the control channel burst information request and response process is shown in Figure 9.
传感终端突发帧发送异常指当传感终端发送的控制信道突发帧(BURST)由于传输错误或者匹配错误，汇聚节点没有接收成功。传感终端在等待回复周期(Wait_Cycle)内没有收到相应的控制信道确认帧(ACK)，立刻重新发送控制信道突发帧(BURST)，重复上述操作；若在最大重传次数内接收到控制信道确认帧(ACK)，则停止重发，进入休眠状态；若达到最大次数但没有接收到控制信道确认帧(ACK)，则进入休眠状态。默认最大重传次数为3；汇聚节点一直处于等待接收状态，成功收到控制信道突发帧(BURST)，则回复控制信道确认帧(ACK)，如图10所示。The abnormal transmission of the burst frame by the sensor terminal refers to that when the control channel burst frame (BURST) sent by the sensor terminal is not received successfully by the sink node due to transmission error or matching error. The sensor terminal does not receive the corresponding control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) within the waiting reply period (Wait_Cycle), and immediately resends the control channel burst frame (BURST), repeating the above operations; if the control channel is received within the maximum number of retransmissions If the channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) is received, then stop retransmission and enter the dormant state; if the maximum number of times is reached but no control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) is received, it will enter the dormant state. The default maximum number of retransmissions is 3; the sink node has been in the waiting state, and successfully receives the control channel burst frame (BURST), it will reply to the control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK), as shown in Figure 10.
汇聚节点确认帧发送异常指汇聚节点发送的控制信道确认帧(ACK)由于传输错误或者匹配错误，传感终端没有接收成功。传感终端在等待回复周期(Wait_Cycle)内没有收到相应的控制信道确认帧(ACK)，立刻重新发送控制信道突发帧(BURST)，重复上述操作；若在最大重传次数内接收到控制信道确认帧(ACK)，则停止重传，进入休眠状态；若达到最大次数但没有成功接收到控制信道确认帧(ACK)，则进入休眠状态；汇聚节点一直处于等待接收状态，成功收到控制信道突发帧(BURST)，则回复控制信道确认帧(ACK)，如图11所示。The abnormal sending of the acknowledgment frame of the sink node means that the control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) sent by the sink node is not successfully received by the sensing terminal due to transmission error or matching error. The sensor terminal does not receive the corresponding control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) within the waiting reply period (Wait_Cycle), and immediately resends the control channel burst frame (BURST), repeating the above operations; if the control channel is received within the maximum number of retransmissions Channel acknowledgment frame (ACK), then stop retransmission and enter the sleep state; if the maximum number of times is reached but the control channel acknowledgment frame (ACK) is not successfully received, it enters the sleep state; the sink node has been in the waiting state, and successfully received control Channel burst frame (BURST), then reply control channel acknowledgement frame (ACK), as shown in Figure 11.
基于相同的发明构思，本发明实施例公开的一种用于输变电设备物联网传感终端的微功率无线接入装置，包括存 储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述计算机程序被加载至处理器时实现上述的适用于输变电设备物联网的传感终端的微功率无线接入方法。Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a micro-power wireless access device for an IoT sensor terminal of a power transmission and transformation equipment, including a memory, a processor, and a device stored in the memory and running on the processor The computer program, when the computer program is loaded into the processor, implements the above-mentioned micro-power wireless access method suitable for the sensing terminal of the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things.
基于相同的发明构思，本发明实施例公开的一种用于输变电设备物联网汇聚节点的微功率无线接入装置，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述计算机程序被加载至处理器时实现上述的适用于输变电设备物联网汇聚节点的微功率无线接入方法。Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a micro-power wireless access device for an IoT convergence node of power transmission and transformation equipment, including a memory, a processor, and a device stored in the memory and running on the processor. A computer program, when the computer program is loaded into the processor, realizes the above-mentioned micro-power wireless access method suitable for the convergence node of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment.
基于相同的发明构思，本发明实施例公开的一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入装置，包括上述用于输变电设备物联网传感终端的微功率无线接入装置，以及用于输变电设备物联网汇聚节点的微功率无线接入装置。Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a micro-power wireless access device for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, including the above-mentioned micro-power wireless access device for the sensing terminal of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment , and a micro-power wireless access device for the convergence node of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，适用于输变电设备物联网的传感终端，其特征在于，包括时间同步过程，业务信道接入过程，控制信道配置信息接入过程，以及控制信道突发信息接入过程；A micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, suitable for the sensing terminal of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, is characterized in that it includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, and control channel configuration information. access process, and control channel burst information access process;
    所述时间同步过程包括：传感终端先随机发送业务信道信息帧，由汇聚节点根据传感终端业务信息所处的时隙确定延迟参数；传感终端再发送控制信道请求帧，并接收汇聚节点返回的含有延迟参数、业务周期长度参数和控制周期长度参数的控制信道应答帧，根据接收到的所述控制信道应答帧中的参数调整业务信道信息帧和控制信道请求帧的发送时间；The time synchronization process includes: the sensing terminal first randomly sends a service channel information frame, and the sink node determines a delay parameter according to the time slot where the service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends a control channel request frame, and receives the sink node. The returned control channel response frame containing the delay parameter, the service cycle length parameter and the control cycle length parameter, adjust the sending time of the traffic channel information frame and the control channel request frame according to the parameters in the received control channel response frame;
    所述业务信道接入过程包括：在业务信道的固定时隙，传感终端进行无回复的单向传输，完成业务信息的传输；传感终端从休眠状态中激活，监测业务信道，若为忙，则进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；若为空闲，则随机退避一个随机退避时长后向汇聚节点发送业务信道信息帧，然后进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；The service channel access process includes: in the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensing terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information; the sensing terminal is activated from the dormant state and monitors the service channel, if it is busy , then enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it will randomly back off for a random backoff time, and then send the service channel information frame to the sink node, then enter the dormant state, and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle;
    所述控制信道配置信息接入过程包括：传感终端在固定的配置时隙被激活向汇聚节点发送控制信道请求帧，然后进入等待接收状态，长度为等待回复周期；传感终端每成功接收到一个控制信道应答帧后，进入下一个等待回复周期，等待接收下一帧；传感终端成功接收到控制信道应答终帧后，回复控制信道确认帧；The control channel configuration information access process includes: the sensing terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters a waiting-to-receive state with a length of a waiting-reply period; every time the sensing terminal successfully receives After a control channel response frame, it enters the next waiting response period, waiting to receive the next frame; after the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response final frame, it responds to the control channel confirmation frame;
    所述控制信道突发信息接入过程包括：传感终端需要上报突发情况时被激活，在控制信道立刻发送控制信道突发帧，进入等待回复周期；若传感终端没有成功接收到控制信道确认帧，则使用重传机制，直到传感终端成功接收到控制信道确认帧或重传次数达到重传上限；The control channel burst information access process includes: the sensing terminal is activated when it needs to report an emergency, immediately sends a control channel burst frame on the control channel, and enters a waiting period for reply; if the sensing terminal does not successfully receive the control channel If the confirmation frame is confirmed, the retransmission mechanism is used until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel confirmation frame or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission;
    上述业务信道信息帧、控制信道请求帧、控制信道应答帧、控制信道应答终帧、控制信道确认帧以及控制信道突发帧通过MAC层帧头中的帧类型字段区分。The above traffic channel information frame, control channel request frame, control channel response frame, control channel response final frame, control channel confirmation frame and control channel burst frame are distinguished by the frame type field in the frame header of the MAC layer.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，其特征在于，所述控制信道配置信息接入过程中，传感终端发送异常时，传感终端在发送完控制信道请求帧后，进入等待接收状态；传感终端在等待回复周期内没有收到回复，则进入休眠状态，根据控制周期长度等待下一次激活；The micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment according to claim 1, wherein, in the process of accessing the control channel configuration information, when the sensing terminal sends abnormally, the sensing terminal sends After completing the control channel request frame, it enters the waiting state; the sensor terminal does not receive a reply within the waiting reply period, and then enters the dormant state, and waits for the next activation according to the length of the control period;
    所述控制信道突发信息接入过程中，传感终端在等待回复周期内没有收到相应的控制信道确认帧，立刻重新发送控制信道突发帧；若在最大重传次数内接收到控制信道确认帧，则停止重发，进入休眠状态；若达到最大次数但没有接收到控制信道确认帧，则进入休眠状态。In the process of accessing the control channel burst information, the sensing terminal does not receive the corresponding control channel confirmation frame within the waiting reply period, and immediately retransmits the control channel burst frame; if the control channel is received within the maximum number of retransmissions If the confirmation frame is received, it will stop retransmission and enter the sleep state; if the maximum number of times is reached but no control channel confirmation frame is received, it will enter the sleep state.
  3. 一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，适用于输变电设备物联网的汇聚节点，其特征在于，包括时间同步过程，业务信道接入过程，控制信道配置信息接入过程，以及控制信道突发信息接入过程；A micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, suitable for the convergence node of the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment, is characterized in that it includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, and a control channel configuration information connection. access process, and control channel burst information access process;
    所述时间同步过程包括：汇聚节点根据传感终端随机发送的业务信道信息帧所处的时隙确定延迟参数；在接收到传感终端的控制信道请求帧后，将保存在汇聚节点的延迟参数、业务周期长度参数和控制周期长度参数记录在控制信道应答帧中回复给传感终端；The time synchronization process includes: the sink node determines the delay parameter according to the time slot in which the traffic channel information frame randomly sent by the sensing terminal is located; after receiving the control channel request frame from the sensing terminal, the delay parameter stored in the sink node is stored. , The service cycle length parameter and the control cycle length parameter are recorded in the control channel response frame and replied to the sensor terminal;
    所述业务信道接入过程包括：汇聚节点一直处于等待接收状态，成功接收到传感终端发送的业务信道信息帧后，若传感终端的地址不在黑名单中，则向上层传输所述业务信道信息帧；若传感终端的地址在黑名单中，则丢弃此帧；若汇聚节点收到既不在白名单也不在黑名单中的传感终端发送的业务信息，则汇聚节点认为该传感终端为新加入的传感终端，汇聚节点接收该传感终端的业务信息，之后由上层决定该传感终端在当前汇聚节点中的黑白名单属性；The service channel access process includes: the aggregation node has been in a waiting state, and after successfully receiving the service channel information frame sent by the sensor terminal, if the address of the sensor terminal is not in the blacklist, then transmit the service channel to the upper layer. Information frame; if the address of the sensor terminal is in the blacklist, the frame will be discarded; if the sink node receives service information sent by a sensor terminal that is neither in the whitelist nor in the blacklist, the sink node considers the sensor terminal For a newly added sensor terminal, the aggregation node receives the service information of the sensor terminal, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensor terminal in the current aggregation node;
    所述控制信道配置信息接入过程包括：汇聚节点在正确接收到传感终端发送的控制信道请求帧后与白名单中的传感终端地址进行匹配；若匹配成功，则汇聚节点向传感终端发送控制信道应答帧或者控制信道应答终帧；若匹配不成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；当汇聚节点需要回复的内容大于一帧的长度时，则连续发送多帧，最后一帧发送控制信道应答终帧，汇聚节点按序发送控制信道应答帧和控制信道应答终帧后，进入等待接收状态；The control channel configuration information access process includes: the sink node matches the address of the sensing terminal in the whitelist after correctly receiving the control channel request frame sent by the sensing terminal; if the matching is successful, the sink node sends the sensing terminal to the Send the control channel response frame or the control channel response final frame; if the match is unsuccessful, the sink node continues to wait for reception; when the content that the sink node needs to reply is greater than the length of one frame, it will send multiple frames continuously, and the last frame will be sent Control channel response final frame. After the sink node sends the control channel response frame and the control channel response final frame in sequence, it enters the waiting state;
    所述控制信道突发信息接入过程包括：若汇聚节点成功接收到传感终端发送的控制信道突发帧并且与白名单中的传感终端地址匹配成功，则回复控制信道确认帧；若汇聚节点没有接收成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；The control channel burst information access process includes: if the convergence node successfully receives the control channel burst frame sent by the sensor terminal and successfully matches with the address of the sensor terminal in the whitelist, it returns a control channel confirmation frame; If the node does not receive successfully, the sink node continues to be in the waiting state;
    上述业务信道信息帧、控制信道请求帧、控制信道应答帧、控制信道应答终帧、控制信道确认帧以及控制信道突发帧通过MAC层帧头中的帧类型字段区分。The above traffic channel information frame, control channel request frame, control channel response frame, control channel response final frame, control channel confirmation frame and control channel burst frame are distinguished by the frame type field in the frame header of the MAC layer.
  4. 一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，其特征在于，包括时间同步过程，业务信道接入过程，控制信道配置信息接入过程，以及控制信道突发信息接入过程；A micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment is characterized in that it includes a time synchronization process, a service channel access process, a control channel configuration information access process, and a control channel burst information access process. ;
    所述时间同步过程包括：传感终端先随机发送业务信道信息帧，汇聚节点根据接收到的传感终端业务信息所处的时隙确定延迟参数；传感终端再发送控制信道请求帧，汇聚节点接收到控制信道请求帧后，将保存的延迟参数、业务周期长度参数和控制周期长度参数记录在控制信道应答帧中回复给传感终端；传感终端根据接收到的所述控制信道应答帧中的参数调整业务信道信息帧和控制信道请求帧的发送时间；The time synchronization process includes: the sensing terminal randomly sends a service channel information frame, and the sink node determines a delay parameter according to the time slot in which the received service information of the sensing terminal is located; the sensing terminal then sends a control channel request frame, and the sink node determines the delay parameter. After receiving the control channel request frame, record the saved delay parameter, service cycle length parameter and control cycle length parameter in the control channel response frame and reply to the sensor terminal; the sensor terminal according to the received control channel response frame parameters to adjust the sending time of traffic channel information frames and control channel request frames;
    所述业务信道接入过程包括：在业务信道的固定时隙，传感终端进行无回复的单向传输，完成业务信息的传输；传感终端从休眠状态中激活，监测业务信道，若为忙，则进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；若为空闲，则随机退避一个随机退避时长后向汇聚节点发送业务信道信息帧，然后进入休眠状态，根据业务周期长度等待下一次激活；汇聚节点一直处于等待接收状态，成功接收到传感终端发送的业务信道信息帧后，若传感终端的地址不在黑名单中，则向上层传输所述业务信道信息帧；若传感终端的地址在黑名单中，则丢弃此帧；若汇聚节点收到既不在白名单也不在黑名单中的传感终端发送的业务信息，则汇聚节点认为该传感终端为新加入的传感终端，汇聚节点接收该传感终端的业务信息，之后由上层决定该传感终端在当前汇聚节点中的黑白名单属性；The service channel access process includes: in the fixed time slot of the service channel, the sensing terminal performs one-way transmission without reply to complete the transmission of service information; the sensing terminal is activated from the dormant state and monitors the service channel, if it is busy , then enter the dormant state and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; if it is idle, it will randomly back off for a random backoff time, and then send the service channel information frame to the sink node, then enter the dormant state, and wait for the next activation according to the length of the service cycle; The sink node is always in the waiting state. After successfully receiving the service channel information frame sent by the sensing terminal, if the address of the sensing terminal is not in the blacklist, it will transmit the service channel information frame to the upper layer; if the address of the sensing terminal is not in the blacklist If it is in the blacklist, the frame will be discarded; if the aggregation node receives the service information sent by the sensor terminal that is neither in the whitelist nor in the blacklist, the aggregation node considers the sensor terminal to be a newly added sensor terminal, and aggregates The node receives the service information of the sensing terminal, and then the upper layer determines the black and white list attributes of the sensing terminal in the current convergence node;
    所述控制信道配置信息接入过程包括：传感终端在固定的配置时隙被激活向汇聚节点发送控制信道请求帧，然后进入等待接收状态，长度为等待回复周期；汇聚节点在正确接收到传感终端发送的控制信道请求帧后与白名单中的传感终端地址进行匹配；若匹配成功，则汇聚节点向传感终端发送控制信道应答帧或者控制信道应答终帧；若匹配不成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；当汇聚节点需要回复的内容大于一帧的长度时，则连续发送多帧，最后一帧发送控制信道应答终帧；传感终端每成功接收到一个控制信道应答帧后，进入下一个等待回复周期，等待接收下一帧；传感终端成功接收到控制信道应答终帧后，回复控制信道确认帧；汇聚节点按序发送控制信道应答帧和控制信道应答终帧后，进入等待接收状态；The control channel configuration information access process includes: the sensing terminal is activated in a fixed configuration time slot to send a control channel request frame to the sink node, and then enters a waiting-receive state, the length of which is a waiting-reply period; After matching the control channel request frame sent by the sensor terminal with the sensor terminal address in the whitelist; if the match is successful, the sink node sends the control channel response frame or the control channel response final frame to the sensor terminal; if the match is unsuccessful, the The sink node continues to wait for reception; when the content that the sink node needs to reply is greater than the length of one frame, it sends multiple frames continuously, and the last frame sends the control channel response final frame; each time the sensor terminal successfully receives a control channel response frame After the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel response final frame, it will reply to the control channel confirmation frame; after the sink node sends the control channel response frame and the control channel response final frame in sequence , enter the waiting state;
    所述控制信道突发信息接入过程，包括：传感终端需要上报突发情况时被激活，在控制信道立刻发送控制信道突发帧，进入等待回复周期；若汇聚节点成功接收到传感终端发送的控制信道突发帧并且与白名单中的传感终端地址匹配成功，则回复控制信道确认帧；若汇聚节点没有接收成功，则汇聚节点继续处于等待接收状态；若传感终端没有成功接收到控制信道确认帧，则使用重传机制，直到传感终端成功接收到控制信道确认帧或重传次数达到重传上限；The control channel burst information access process includes: the sensor terminal is activated when it needs to report an emergency, immediately sends a control channel burst frame on the control channel, and enters a waiting period for reply; if the sink node successfully receives the sensor terminal The sent control channel burst frame and the sensor terminal address in the whitelist is successfully matched, and the control channel confirmation frame is returned; if the sink node does not receive successfully, the sink node continues to wait for reception; if the sensor terminal fails to receive When the control channel confirmation frame is reached, the retransmission mechanism is used until the sensor terminal successfully receives the control channel confirmation frame or the number of retransmissions reaches the upper limit of retransmission;
    上述业务信道信息帧、控制信道请求帧、控制信道应答帧、控制信道应答终帧、控制信道确认帧以及控制信道突 发帧通过MAC层帧头中的帧类型字段区分。The above traffic channel information frame, control channel request frame, control channel response frame, control channel response final frame, control channel confirmation frame and control channel burst frame are distinguished by the frame type field in the frame header of the MAC layer.
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，其特征在于，所述MAC层帧头还包括通信信令指示、加密指示、MAC层负载长度和传感终端ID字段；对于业务信道信息帧、控制信道突发帧省略传感终端检测数据或告警数据中的传感终端ID，只保留MAC帧头中的传感终端ID。The micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the MAC layer frame header further includes a communication signaling indication, an encryption indication, a MAC layer Payload length and sensor terminal ID fields; for traffic channel information frames and control channel burst frames, the sensor terminal ID in the sensor terminal detection data or alarm data is omitted, and only the sensor terminal ID in the MAC frame header is retained.
  6. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，其特征在于，为减少传输的交互次数，把多个通信指令组合成单帧进行发送，单个控制信道应答帧或控制信道应答终帧承载的数据不能超过MAC负载上限。The micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, in order to reduce the number of interactions in transmission, a plurality of communication commands are combined into a single frame for transmission , the data carried by a single control channel response frame or control channel response final frame cannot exceed the upper limit of the MAC load.
  7. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法，其特征在于，传感终端与汇聚节点间物理层通信支持LORA、BLE和ZigBee，选用2.4GHz频段和470M～510MHz频段。The micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the physical layer communication between the sensing terminal and the aggregation node supports LORA, BLE and ZigBee, and selects 2.4GHz frequency band and 470M～510MHz frequency band.
  8. 一种用于输变电设备物联网传感终端的微功率无线接入装置，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被加载至处理器时实现根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法。A micro-power wireless access device for power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things sensing terminals, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that the computer program When loaded into the processor, the micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment according to any one of claims 1-2 is implemented.
  9. 一种用于输变电设备物联网汇聚节点的微功率无线接入装置，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被加载至处理器时实现根据权利要求3所述的用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入方法。A micro-power wireless access device for an IoT convergence node of power transmission and transformation equipment, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that the computer program is When loaded into the processor, the micro-power wireless access method for the Internet of Things of power transmission and transformation equipment according to claim 3 is implemented.
  10. 一种用于输变电设备物联网的微功率无线接入装置，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求8所述的用于输变电设备物联网传感终端的微功率无线接入装置，以及权利要求9所述的用于输变电设备物联网汇聚节点的微功率无线接入装置。A micro-power wireless access device for the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment, characterized in that it includes the micro-power wireless access device for a sensing terminal of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment according to claim 8, and The micro-power wireless access device for the convergence node of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment according to claim 9.
PCT/CN2021/128290 2020-11-06 2021-11-03 Micropower wireless access method and apparatus for internet of things of power transmission and transformation device WO2022095863A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/621,247 US11736969B2 (en) 2020-11-06 2021-11-03 Micro-power wireless access method and apparatus for internet of things for power transmission and transformation equipment

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011228955.4 2020-11-06
CN202011228955.4A CN112492537B (en) 2020-11-06 2020-11-06 Micropower wireless access method and device for power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022095863A1 true WO2022095863A1 (en) 2022-05-12

Family

ID=74928609

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2021/128290 WO2022095863A1 (en) 2020-11-06 2021-11-03 Micropower wireless access method and apparatus for internet of things of power transmission and transformation device

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US11736969B2 (en)
CN (1) CN112492537B (en)
WO (1) WO2022095863A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115175123A (en) * 2022-09-08 2022-10-11 中赣通信(集团)有限公司 Variable monitoring network based on service and operation method thereof

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112492537B (en) * 2020-11-06 2022-08-19 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Micropower wireless access method and device for power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things
CN113179498A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-27 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 Power transmission and transformation on-line monitoring data ad hoc network communication method and system
CN114900755A (en) * 2022-07-12 2022-08-12 北京智芯半导体科技有限公司 Data transmission method and device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium
CN114945147A (en) * 2022-07-12 2022-08-26 北京智芯半导体科技有限公司 Low-power-consumption sensor network channel adjusting method and device, electronic equipment and medium
CN115499727B (en) * 2022-10-14 2024-02-20 南京国电南思科技发展股份有限公司 Wireless communication method for online monitoring of pressing plate and computer equipment

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102740365A (en) * 2012-06-28 2012-10-17 东南大学 Single-stream bulk data acquisition method suitable for wireless sensor network
CN107835527A (en) * 2017-12-19 2018-03-23 河海大学 A kind of wireless sensor network communication method based on timesharing dormancy
CN109495957A (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-03-19 重庆邮电大学 A kind of adaptive asynchronous wireless awakening method based on secondary collision probabilistic model
CN109949559A (en) * 2019-01-21 2019-06-28 河南工程学院 Micropower kilowatt meter reading-out system and equipment based on wireless sensor network
CN112492537A (en) * 2020-11-06 2021-03-12 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Micropower wireless access method and device for power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102857327B (en) * 2012-04-16 2014-12-03 华为技术有限公司 Data transmission method and apparatus
US9288752B2 (en) * 2013-10-10 2016-03-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for reducing energy consumption of radio communications in a wireless sensor network
US10524201B2 (en) * 2015-05-14 2019-12-31 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for operating in power saving mode in wireless LAN system and apparatus therefor
JP2020072334A (en) * 2018-10-30 2020-05-07 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Sensor data processing system and sensor data synchronization system
CN110519008A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-11-29 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Wireless sensor network data transmission method and device, readable storage medium storing program for executing
CN112995938A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-06-18 上海遨有信息技术有限公司 Synchronous acquisition method for sensors in field of power Internet of things

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102740365A (en) * 2012-06-28 2012-10-17 东南大学 Single-stream bulk data acquisition method suitable for wireless sensor network
CN107835527A (en) * 2017-12-19 2018-03-23 河海大学 A kind of wireless sensor network communication method based on timesharing dormancy
CN109495957A (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-03-19 重庆邮电大学 A kind of adaptive asynchronous wireless awakening method based on secondary collision probabilistic model
CN109949559A (en) * 2019-01-21 2019-06-28 河南工程学院 Micropower kilowatt meter reading-out system and equipment based on wireless sensor network
CN112492537A (en) * 2020-11-06 2021-03-12 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Micropower wireless access method and device for power transmission and transformation equipment internet of things

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115175123A (en) * 2022-09-08 2022-10-11 中赣通信(集团)有限公司 Variable monitoring network based on service and operation method thereof
CN115175123B (en) * 2022-09-08 2022-11-18 中赣通信(集团)有限公司 Variable monitoring network based on service and operation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112492537A (en) 2021-03-12
US11736969B2 (en) 2023-08-22
CN112492537B (en) 2022-08-19
US20220361032A1 (en) 2022-11-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2022095863A1 (en) Micropower wireless access method and apparatus for internet of things of power transmission and transformation device
US7991351B2 (en) Extension of wired controller area networks to wireless personal area networks
US7743310B2 (en) Communication apparatus, communication system, communication method, and communication control program
AU2007203852B2 (en) Transmitting data in a mobile communication system
US20060034317A1 (en) Method and apparatus for transmitting ACK frame
EP2613468B1 (en) Method for uplink transmitting of radio link control (rlc) layer and evolved node b (enb)
EP2034652A1 (en) Wireless communication system, wireless communication device and wireless communication method, and computer program
JP4558515B2 (en) Transmission error control method and transmission error control device
WO2006041673A2 (en) Wireless local area network medium access control extensions for station power efficiency and resource management
US20160164655A1 (en) Method and device for frame acknowledgment
US7746837B2 (en) Overhear-based transmitting control system in WLANS
EP2206254A2 (en) Method for transmitting data of common control channel
JP5567128B2 (en) ARQ feedback information transmission and reception method
CN102739375B (en) A kind of method and apparatus for re-transmission
CN101662798B (en) Method for wireless sensor network to invite retransmission with low power consumption and device thereof
CN114826495A (en) Method for reducing NR, RLC, AM fragment loss report overhead
CN108633027A (en) Communication means and its terminal device, the network equipment
KR100631742B1 (en) AC frame transmission method and device
US11617102B2 (en) User equipment and buffer status report cancellation method based on carrier aggregation and integrated access and backhaul
WO2020168557A1 (en) Data transmission method and apparatus, and storage medium
CN115150027B (en) Multilink block acknowledgement method, device and storage medium
US11877183B2 (en) Method and device for performing packet deletion on basis of lower layer transmission result in next generation mobile communication system
CN117955926A (en) Millimeter wave data surface scheduling method, device and equipment
WO2020034133A1 (en) Communication method and apparatus
CN116437388A (en) Data transmission method and device based on special terminal

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21888560

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 21888560

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1