WO2022094214A1 - Treatment and system for cannabis plant species applications with ethylene inhibitors - Google Patents

Treatment and system for cannabis plant species applications with ethylene inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022094214A1
WO2022094214A1 PCT/US2021/057255 US2021057255W WO2022094214A1 WO 2022094214 A1 WO2022094214 A1 WO 2022094214A1 US 2021057255 W US2021057255 W US 2021057255W WO 2022094214 A1 WO2022094214 A1 WO 2022094214A1
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Prior art keywords
clause
combination
cannabis plant
clauses
suitable clauses
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PCT/US2021/057255
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French (fr)
Inventor
Ann BEAULIEU
Fernando EDAGI
Nicholas MICHALISIN
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Agrofresh Inc.
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Publication of WO2022094214A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022094214A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H3/00—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria
    • A01H3/04—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria by treatment with chemicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/12—Leaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/28—Cannabaceae, e.g. cannabis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor.
  • the invention includes methods and systems to treat a cannabis plant in order to achieve an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. Generally, three difference species of cannabis plants are recognized: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis plants can realize many different uses, including utilization as fibers, as seeds and their resultant oils, as leaves for medicinal purposes, and as leaves for recreational substances. Cannabis plants may also be known colloquially as “marijuana” or as “hemp.”
  • the present disclosure provides methods and systems for treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor which exhibit desirable properties and provide related advantages for improvement in the achievable effects of the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • the present disclosure provides methods of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor.
  • the disclosure also provides methods and systems to treat a cannabis plant in order to achieve an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • the ethylene inhibitor can be administered to the cannabis plant using numerous different formulations, including liquid, gaseous, and/or solid formulations.
  • the ethylene inhibitor can be administered to the cannabis plant at numerous different stages of development, including at germination stage, at seedling stage, at vegetative stage, or at flowering stage.
  • the ethylene inhibitor can be administered to the cannabis plant in a closed space, for instance during transportation of the plant as part of a transplantation procedure, or in an open field, for instance as an over the top spray.
  • the ethylene inhibitor can be administered to the cannabis plant to control cannabis plant flowering.
  • the cannabis plant flowering can be controlled via the disclosed methods and systems to result in greater predictability in growth, survival, and yield of cannabis plants.
  • a method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant to achieve an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1).
  • DCP diazocyclopentadiene
  • STS silver thiosulfate
  • AVG 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine
  • AOA aminooxyacetic acid
  • DMCP 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene
  • Co2+ nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • NOP-1 nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • the method of clause 27, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a box.
  • the method of clause 27, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a transport vehicle.
  • a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof.
  • the method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the germination stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to the flowering stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the flowering stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after the flowering stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 1 week of planting the seed of the cannabis plant.
  • the method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant.
  • the method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in vegetative growth.
  • the method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in survival rate of transplanted cannabis plants.
  • the method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant flowering.
  • the method of clause 91, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling of cannabis plant physiological development is a delay in physiological development.
  • the method of clause 92, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the germination stage of the cannabis plant.
  • a method of treating a pre-transplant cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the pretransplant cannabis plant and further comprising a step of subsequently transplanting the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). .
  • DCP diazocyclopentadiene
  • STS silver thiosulfate
  • AVG 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine
  • AOA aminooxyacetic acid
  • DMCP 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene
  • Co2+ nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • NOP-1 nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • the method of clause 211, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling of cannabis plant physiological development is a delay in physiological development.
  • the method of clause 212, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the germination stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the method of clause 212, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant .
  • the method of clause 212, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. .
  • the method of clause 237, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethephon. .
  • the method of clause 237, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethylene. .
  • the method of clause 237, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is a calcium-containing composition.
  • the method of clause 241, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium chloride.
  • the method of clause 241, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium nitrate.
  • the method of clause 241, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition comprises calcium ions.
  • the method of clause 236, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition comprises a benzoxaborole. .
  • a method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant during transplantation of the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). .
  • DCP diazocyclopentadiene
  • STS silver thiosulfate
  • AVG 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine
  • AOA aminooxyacetic acid
  • DMCP 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene
  • Co2+ nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • NOP-1 nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • the method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in survival rate of transplanted cannabis plants. .
  • the method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant flowering. .
  • the method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 2 days. .
  • the method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 5 days. .
  • ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). .
  • DCP diazocyclopentadiene
  • STS silver thiosulfate
  • AVG 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine
  • AOA aminooxyacetic acid
  • DMCP 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene
  • Co2+ nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • NOP-1 nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • the method of clause 432, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering.
  • the method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 2 days.
  • the method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 5 days.
  • the method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 10 days. .
  • ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). .
  • DCP diazocyclopentadiene
  • STS silver thiosulfate
  • AVG 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine
  • AOA aminooxyacetic acid
  • DMCP 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene
  • Co2+ nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • NOP-1 nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof.
  • a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof.
  • a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof.
  • controlling cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering..
  • any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis indica plant. .
  • any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses wherein the cannabis plant is a harvested flower. .
  • ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). .
  • DCP diazocyclopentadiene
  • STS silver thiosulfate
  • AVG 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine
  • AOA aminooxyacetic acid
  • DMCP 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene
  • Co2+ nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • NOP-1 nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • the system of clause 674, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant. .
  • any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 7 days. .
  • any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 7 days.
  • a method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor comprises administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant to achieve an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • a method of treating a pre-transplant cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor comprises administering the ethylene inhibitor to the pre-transplant cannabis plant and further comprising a step of subsequently transplanting the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • a further method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor comprises administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant during transplantation of the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • a further method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor comprises administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant after harvesting the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • a further method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor comprises administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor controls flowering of the cannabis plant.
  • a system for controlling flowering of a cannabis plant comprises administration of an ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant to delay flowering of the cannabis plant, and administration of a second composition to the cannabis plant to induce flowering of the cannabis plant.
  • the cannabis plant is a Cannabis sativa plant.
  • the cannabis plant is a Cannabis indica plant.
  • the cannabis plant is a Cannabis ruderalis plant.
  • the cannabis plant is a seedling. In other aspects, the cannabis plant is an adult plant. In yet other aspects, the cannabis plant is a seed. In some aspects, the cannabis plant is a harvested flower. For instance, it can be recognized that the process for growing cannabis seeds begins with germination in which the seeds split open and a taproot emerges. Thereafter, a stem penetrates the soil surface and cotyledons appear. The appearance of several leaves follows. Two leaves may appear between the cotyledons, each leaf having only two tips. From the elbows of these two leaves, another set of leaves may appear with three tips and, from those leaves, further leaves with five tips may emerge. The next sets of leaves will have seven tips, generally representing the end of the seedling stage for the cannabis plant.
  • the cannabis plant is hemp.
  • hemp is generally well known in the art and a hemp plant is known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the cannabis plant is marijuana.
  • marijuana is generally well known in the art and a marijuana plant is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the cannabis plant comprises less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content by dry weight.
  • THC is a known cannabinoid that is identified in a cannabis plant.
  • the cannabis plant comprises more than than 0.3% THC content by dry weight.
  • the cannabis plant is a pre-transplant plant.
  • a pre-transplant plant refers to a cannabis plant that exists prior to transplantation of the plant from a first location to a second location.
  • the cannabis plant is a post-transplant plant.
  • a posttransplant plant refers to a cannabis plant that exists after transplantation of the plant from a first location to a second location.
  • the ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbornadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1).
  • DCP diazocyclopentadiene
  • STS silver thiosulfate
  • AVG 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine
  • AOA aminooxyacetic acid
  • DMCP 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene
  • Co2+ nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1
  • the ethylene inhibitor is diazocyclopentadiene (DACP). In another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is silver thiosulfate (STS). In yet another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is 2,5-norbomadiene. In another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG). In yet another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). In another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is trans- cyclooctene. In yet another embodiment, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP). In another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is Co2+. In another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP- 1).
  • the ethylene inhibitor is a cyclopropene compound.
  • a cyclopropene compound is any compound with the formula
  • R 3 R 4 R 1 ⁇ R 2 where each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and a chemical group of the formula:
  • Each L is a bivalent radical. Suitable L groups include, for example, radicals containing one or more atoms selected from B, C, N, O, P, S, Si, or mixtures thereof. The atoms within an L group may be connected to each other by single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, or mixtures thereof. Each L group may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof. In any one R group (i.e., any one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 ) the total number of heteroatoms (i.e., atoms that are neither H nor C) is from 0 to 6.
  • each Z is a monovalent radical.
  • Each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a Ci-Cs alkyl, hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, nitroso, azido, chlorate, bromate, iodate, isocyanato, isocyanido, isothiocyanate, pentafluorothio, and a chemical group G, wherein G is a 3- to 14-membered ring system.
  • the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are independently selected from the suitable groups.
  • the groups that are suitable for use as one or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are, for example, aliphatic groups, aliphatic-oxy groups, alkylphosphonato groups, cycloaliphatic groups, cycloalkylsulfonyl groups, cycloalkylamino groups, heterocyclic groups, aryl groups, heteroaryl groups, halogens, silyl groups, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
  • Groups that are suitable for use as one or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • suitable R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, aliphatic groups.
  • suitable aliphatic groups include, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups.
  • Suitable aliphatic groups may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof. Independently, suitable aliphatic groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a chemical group of interest is said to be “substituted” if one or more hydrogen atoms of the chemical group of interest is replaced by a substituent.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups that are connected to the cyclopropene compound through an intervening oxy group, amino group, carbonyl group, or sulfonyl group; examples of such R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, diheterocyclylamino, and diheterocyclylaminosulfonyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclic groups that are connected to the cyclopropene compound through an intervening oxy group, amino group, carbonyl group, sulfonyl group, thioalkyl group, or aminosulfonyl group; examples of such R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are diheteroarylamino, heteroarylthioalkyl, and diheteroarylaminosulfonyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, nitro, nitroso, azido, chlorate, bromate, iodate, isocyanato, isocyanido, isothiocyanate, pentafluorothio, acetoxy, carboethoxy, cyanato, nitrate, nitrite, perchlorate, allenyl, butylmercapto, diethylphosphonato, dimethylphenylsilyl, isoquinolyl, mercapto, naphthyl, phenoxy, phenyl, piperidine, pyridyl, quinolyl, triethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, and substituted analogs thereof.
  • the chemical group G is a 3- to 14-membered ring system.
  • Ring systems suitable as chemical group G may be substituted or unsubstituted; they may be aromatic (including, for example, phenyl and naphthyl) or aliphatic (including unsaturated aliphatic, partially saturated aliphatic, or saturated aliphatic); and they may be carbocyclic or heterocyclic.
  • heterocyclic G groups some suitable heteroatoms are, for example, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and combinations thereof.
  • Ring systems suitable as chemical group G may be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, polycyclic, spiro, or fused; among suitable chemical group G ring systems that are bicyclic, tricyclic, or fused, the various rings in a single chemical group G may be all the same type or may be of two or more types (for example, an aromatic ring may be fused with an aliphatic ring).
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or Ci-Cio alkyl. In another embodiment, each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or a Ci-Cs alkyl. In another embodiment, each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl. In another embodiment, each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or methyl. In another embodiment, R 1 is C1-C4 alkyl and each of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen. In another embodiment, R 1 is methyl and each of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen. In another embodiment, R 1 is methyl and each of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen, and the cyclopropene compound is known herein as 1- methylcyclopropene or “1-MCP.”
  • the cyclopropene is of the formula: wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl, or naphthyl group; wherein the substituents are independently halogen, alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy.
  • R is Ci-Cs alkyl.
  • R is methyl.
  • the cyclopropene is of the formula: R 3 R 4
  • R 1 ⁇ ⁇ R 2 wherein R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl, or naphthyl group; and R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are hydrogen.
  • the cyclopropene comprises 1 -methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).
  • the cyclopropene comprises 1 -methylcyclopropene (1- MCP).
  • the cyclopropenes applicable to this invention may be prepared by any method. Some suitable methods of preparation of cyclopropenes are the processes and related compositions disclosed in U.S. Patents No.
  • the step of administration is performed in a greenhouse. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed in a closed space. In one aspect, the closed space is a storage room. In another aspect, the closed space is a box. In yet another aspect, the closed space is a transport vehicle.
  • the step of administration is performed in an open field.
  • the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a sachet.
  • the sachet comprises the ethylene inhibitor and a package.
  • the package is a paper composition.
  • a paper composition refers to natural materials, synthetic materials, other man-made materials, and any combination thereof.
  • the package forms the exterior of the sachet and the ethylene inhibitor is located in the package.
  • the package permits moisture and/or gaseous molecules to transport or permeate through the package.
  • the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof.
  • a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof.
  • the step of administration is performed prior to transplantation of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed after transplantation of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed prior to harvesting the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed after harvesting the cannabis plant.
  • the step of administration is performed during the germination stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the timing of the germination stage of the cannabis plant is well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the step of administration is performed during the seedling stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the timing of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant is well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the step of administration is performed during the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the timing of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant is well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the step of administration is performed prior to the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. In other embodiments, the step of administration is performed during the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. In yet other embodiments, the step of administration is performed after the flowering stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the timing of the flowering stage of the cannabis plant is well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the step of administration is performed within 1 week of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 2 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 3 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In some aspects, the step of administration is performed within 4 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 5 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 6 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In some aspects, the step of administration is performed within 7 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 8 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant.
  • the step of administration is performed within 9 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In some aspects, the step of administration is performed within 10 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 11 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 12 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In some aspects, the step of administration is performed within 13 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 14 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 15 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 16 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant.
  • the step of administration may be performed in multiple applications to the cannabis plant. In some embodiments, the step of administration is performed two times to the cannabis plant. In other embodiments, the step of administration is performed three times to the cannabis plant. In yet other embodiments, the step of administration is performed four or more times to the cannabis plant.
  • the multiple applications can take place at the various time points described herein. For instance, if the step of administration is performed two times to the cannabis plant, a first administration can be performed within 2 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant and a second administration can be performed at approximately 6 weeks after planting the seed. Any combination of performing multiple applications to the cannabis plant at any time point described herein is contemplated by the present disclosure.
  • the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a liquid formulation. In other embodiments, the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation. In yet other embodiments, the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation, wherein the gaseous formulation is provided via a gas generator. In other embodiments, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a solid formulation. In yet other embodiments, the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a sachet formulation. In other embodiments, the ethylene inhibitor is administered via an aerosol formulation.
  • the methods according to the present disclosure can be effective to provide an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
  • the improved effect is an improvement in yield.
  • the improvement in yield is an increase in flower production of the cannabis plant.
  • the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant.
  • the improvement in yield is an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant.
  • the improved effect is an improvement in vegetative growth.
  • the improvement in vegetative growth is an improvement in lateral growth. Lateral growth of a cannabis plant can be measured according to methods commonly utilized in the art.
  • the improved effect is an improvement in survival rate of transplanted cannabis plants.
  • the survival rate of the one or more cannabis plants can be extended by one or more days, by one or more weeks, or by one or more months.
  • the survival rate of the one or more cannabis plants can be evaluated according to methods commonly utilized in the art.
  • controlling cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering.
  • the delay in flowering is a delay of about 2 days.
  • the delay in flowering is a delay of about 5 days.
  • the delay in flowering is a delay of about 7 days.
  • the delay in flowering is a delay of about 10 days.
  • the delay in flowering is a delay of about 14 days.
  • the delay in flowering is a delay of about 21 days.
  • the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 5 days.
  • the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 7 days. In yet another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay between 7 days and 10 days. In one embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay between 10 days and 14 days. In another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay between 14 days and 21 days. In yet another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay between 21 days and 28 days.
  • the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant physiological development.
  • Control of cannabis plant physiological development can be evaluated according to methods commonly utilized in the art.
  • controlling of cannabis plant physiological development is a delay in physiological development.
  • the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the germination stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant.
  • the improved effect is a change in a cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant.
  • the change in the cannabinoid concentration is an increase in the cannabinoid concentration.
  • the change in the cannabinoid concentration is a decrease in the cannabinoid concentration.
  • a change in a cannabinoid concentration can be evaluated according to methods commonly utilized in the art.
  • the cannabinoid is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). In another embodiment, the cannabinoid is THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid). In yet another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBD (cannabidiol). In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBDA (cannabidiolic acid). In another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBN (cannabinol). In yet another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBG (cannabigerol). In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBC (cannabichromene). In another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBL (cannabicyclol).
  • the cannabinoid is CBV (cannabivarin).
  • the cannabinoid is THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin).
  • the cannabinoid is THCP (tetrahydrocannabiphorol).
  • the cannabinoid is CBDV (cannabidivarin).
  • the cannabinoid is CBCV (cannabichromevarin).
  • the cannabinoid is CBGV (cannabigerovarin).
  • the cannabinoid is CBGM (cannabigerol monomethyl ether).
  • the cannabinoid is CBE (cannabielsoin).
  • the cannabinoid is CBT (cannabicitran).
  • the method further comprises the step of administering a second composition to the cannabis plant.
  • the second composition is administered to the cannabis plant to induce flowering.
  • the second composition is gibberellic acid.
  • the second composition is ethephon.
  • the second composition is ethylene.
  • the second composition is a calcium-containing composition.
  • the calcium-containing composition is calcium chloride.
  • the calcium-containing composition is calcium nitrate.
  • the calcium-containing composition comprises calcium ions.
  • the second composition (or, alternatively, a third composition, a fourth composition, etc. if multiple other compositions are administered) comprises a volatile compound.
  • the volatile compound is a benzoxaborole.
  • M is hydrogen, halogen, -OCH3, or -CH2-O-CH2-O-CH3;
  • M 1 is halogen, -CH2OH, or -OCth;
  • X is O, S, or NR lc , wherein R lc is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted alkyl;
  • R 1 , R la , R lb , R 2 , and R 5 are independently hydrogen, OH, NH2, SH, CN, NO2, SO2, OSO2OH, OSO2NH2, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;
  • R* is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted vinyl; with a proviso that when M is F, R* is not a member selected from: and with a proviso that when M is Cl, R* is not a member selected from: and with a proviso that when M is hydrogen, R* is not a member selected from:
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently methyl or ethyl; and with a provision that when M is OCH3, R* is not a member selected from: and with a provision that when M 1 is F, R* is not a member selected from: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • Y is a member selected from CH and N;
  • the R* has the following structure: wherein R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-yl, (CH 2 ) t OH, CO 2 H, CO 2 - alkyl, CONH 2 , CONH-alkyl, CON(alkyl) 2 , OH, SH, S-alkyl, S-aryl, SO-alkyl, SO-aryl, SO 2 -alkyl, SO 2 -aryl, SO 2 H, SCF 3 , CN, halogen, CF 3 , NO 2 , (CH 2 ) U NR 22 R 23 , SO 2
  • R 22 and R 23 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl.
  • the R* has the following structure: wherein R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-yl, (CH 2 ) t OH, CO 2 H, CO 2 - alkyl, CONH 2 , CONH-alkyl, CON(alkyl) 2 , OH, SH, S-alkyl, S-aryl, SO-alkyl, SO-aryl, SO 2 -alkyl, SO 2 -aryl, SO 2 H, SCF 3 , CN, halogen, CF 3 , NO 2 , (CH 2 ) U NR 22 R 23 , SO 2
  • R 22 and R 23 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl;
  • R 24 and R 25 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-yl, (CH 2 ),OH, CChH, CCh-alkyl, CONH 2 , CONH-alkyl, CON(alkyl) 2 , OH, SH, 8- alkyl, S-aryl, SO-alkyl, SO-aryl, SOz-alkyl, SOz-aryl, SO3H, SCF3, CN, halogen, CF3, NO?, (CH 2 ) U NR 22 R 23 , SChNHi, OCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , OCH 2 CH 2 NH-alkyl and OCH 2 CH2N(alkyl) 2 ;
  • Z l, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
  • the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (IV): wherein A and D together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered fused ring which may be substituted by Ci-Ce -alkyl, Ci-Ce -alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, nitro, nitrile, amino, amino substituted by one or more Ci-Ce -alkyl groups, carboxy, acyl, aryloxy, carbonamido, carbonamido substituted by Ci-C-6 -alkyl, sulfonamide or trifluoromethyl or the fused ring may link two oxaborole rings;
  • X is a group -CR 7 R 8 wherein R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen, Ci-Ca -alkyl, nitrile, nitro, aryl, arylalkyl or R 7 and R 8 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form an alicyclic ring; and
  • R 6 is hydrogen, Ci-Cis -alkyl, Ci-Cis -alkyl substituted by Ci-Ce -alkoxy, Ci-Ce - alkylthio, hydroxy, amino, amino substituted by Ci-Cis -alkyl, , carboxy, aryl, aryloxy, carbonamido, carbonamido substituted by Ci-Ce -alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, Ci-Cis -alkyleneamino, Ci-Cis -alkyleneamino substituted by phenyl, Ci-Ce -alkoxy or Ci-Ce -alkylthio, carbonyl alkyleneamino or a radical of formula (V):
  • A, D and X are as defined herein before except for boronophthalide; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (IX): wherein A, D, and X are defined as above;
  • Y is a divalent alkylene linking group containing up to 18 carbon atoms or a divalent alkylene linking group containing up to 18 carbon atoms which is substituted by phenyl, Ci-Ce alkoxy, Ci-Ce -alkylthio; carbonyl alkylene amino; and
  • R 3 and R 4 are each, independently, hydrogen, Ci-Cis -alkyl or phenyl or R 3 together with Y or part of Y forms a 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring containing the nitrogen atom.
  • the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (X): wherein A, D, and X are defined as above; n is 1, 2, or 3;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, Ci-Cis -alkyl or phenyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl containing up to a total of 16 carbon atoms or phenyl.
  • the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (VI): wherein each R is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkene, alkyne, haloalkyl, haloalkene, haloalkyne, alkoxy, alkeneoxy, haloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkene, arylalkyne, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkene, heteroarylalkyne, halogen, hydroxyl, nitrile, amine, ester, carboxylic acid, ketone, alcohol, sulfide, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfoximine, sulfilimine, sulfonamide, sulfate, sulfonate, nitroalkyl, amide, oxime, imine, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, hydrazone, carbamate, thiocarbamate,
  • B is boron
  • Y is alkyl, alkene, alkyne, haloalkyl, haloalkene, haloalkyne, alkoxy, alkeneoxy, haloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkene, arylalkyne, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkene, heteroarylalkyne, hydroxyl, nitrile, amine, ester, carboxylic acid, ketone, alcohol, sulfide, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfoximine, sulfilimine, sulfonamide, sulfate, sulfonate, nitroalkyl, amide, oxime, imine, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, hydrazone, carbamate, thiocarbamate, urea, thiourea, carbonate, aryloxy, or heteroaryloxy; with a
  • the volatile compound has a structure of
  • the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (VIII): wherein R fl is CN, C(O)NR 9 R 10 , or C(O)OR n wherein R 11 is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted alkyl,
  • X is N, CH and CR fo ;
  • R fo is halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C(O)R 12 , C(O)OR 12 , OR 12 , NR 12 R 13 , wherein R 9 , R 10 , R 12 , and R 13 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; with a proviso that R 9 and R 10 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, are optionally combined to form a 4- to 8-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring; and with a proviso that R 12 and R 13 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, are optionally combined to form a 4- to 8-membere
  • the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (XI):
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
  • the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (XII):
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from: wherein R 3 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from: wherein R 3 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from: wherein R 3 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
  • the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (XIII): wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from: In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from: wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from: wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
  • R b is selected from fluorine and chlorine. In another embodiment, R b is selected from OR 26 and NR 27 R 28 . In another embodiment when R b is OR 26 , R 26 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
  • R 26 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In another embodiment when R b is OR 26 , R 26 is unsubstituted Ci-Ce alkyl. In another embodiment when R b is OR 26 , R 26 is unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In another embodiment when R b is OR 26 , R 26 is alkyl, substituted with a member selected from substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Ce alkoxy. In another embodiment when R b is OR 26 , R 26 is alkyl, substituted with at least one halogen. In another embodiment when R b is OR 26 , R 26 is alkyl, substituted with at least one oxo moiety.
  • R 26 is a member selected from -CH3, - CH2CH3, -(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 , -CH(CH 3 ) 2 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CHF 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 (OH), -CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 3 ), - CH 2 CH 2 (OC(CH 3 )2), -C(O)CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CH 3 , -CH 2 C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 , -
  • R 27 and R 28 are members independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
  • R 27 is H or unsubstituted alkyl; and R 28 is unsubstituted alkyl or alkyl substituted with a member selected from hydroxyl, phenyl, unsubstituted alkoxy and alkoxy substituted with a phenyl.
  • R 27 is H or CH 3 .
  • R 27 and R 28 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In another embodiment when R b is NR 27 R 28 , R 27 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R 28 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In another embodiment when R b is NR 27 R 28 , R 27 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R 28 is alkyl, substituted with a member selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy and hydroxyl. In another embodiment when R b is NR 27 R 28 , R 27 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R 28 is alkyl, substituted with unsubstituted alkoxy.
  • R b is NR 27 R 28
  • R 27 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R 28 is alkyl, substituted with alkoxy, substituted with phenyl.
  • R 27 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R 28 is alkyl, substituted with unsubstituted alkoxy.
  • R b is NR 27 R 28
  • R 27 and R 28 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are combined to form a 4- to 8-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • R b is NR 27 R 28
  • R 27 and R 28 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are combined to form a 5- or 6-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • R b is selected from N(CH 3 ) 2 , N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 3 )), N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 OH), NH 2 , NHCH 3 , NH(CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 3 )), NH(CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 2 Ph), NH(CH 2 Ph), NH(C(CH 3 ) 3 ) and NH(CH 2 CH 2 OH).
  • R b is selected Additional volatile compounds are also disclosed previously in U.S. Patent No. 8,039,450, and patent application publication US 2009/0291917, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (A):
  • each of L A and L B is independently -O- or N ; each of R and R’ is independently hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci-is -alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic moiety; and
  • G is a substituted or unsubstituted Ci-i8 -alkylene, arylalkylene, arylene, or heterocyclic moiety; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the volatile compound has use against pathogens affecting meats, plants, or plant parts, comprising contacting the meats, plants, or plant parts.
  • the - L A - G - L B - portion of formula (A) is derived from a diol or diamine compound.
  • the diol compound is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene glycol; 1,2-propylene glycol; 1,3 -propylene glycol; 1,1, 2, 2- tetramethyl- 1,2- ethylene glycol; 2, 2-dimethyl-l,3-propylene glycol; 1 ,6-hexanediol; 1,10-decanediol; and combinations thereof.
  • the diamine compound is 1,2-ethylene diamine; 1,3-propylene diamine; or combinations thereof.
  • L A and L B are identical. In another embodiment, L A and L B are different. In another embodiment, each of L A and L B is independently -O- or -NH-. In another embodiment, L A and L B are identical. In another embodiment, L A and L B are different.
  • the - L A - G - L B - portion of formula (A) comprises asymmetrical functional groups (i.e., asymmetrical bridges).
  • the - L A - G - L B - portion of formula (A) comprises one hydroxyl group and one amine group.
  • the - L A - G - L B - portion of formula (A) comprises an amino alcohol.
  • G is a substituted or unsubstituted Ci-8 -alkylene.
  • G is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 -alkylene.
  • G is selected from -CH 2 -, -CH2-CH2-, and -CH2-CH2-CH2-.
  • each of R A and R B is independently derived from the group consisting of 5-fluoro-l,3-dihydro-l-hydroxy-2,l-benzoxaborole; 5 -chloro- 1,3 -dihydro- l-hydroxy-2,l-benzoxaborole; l,3-dihydro-l-hydroxy-2,l-benzoxaborole; and combinations thereof.
  • R A and R B are identical.
  • R A and R B are different.
  • B is boron
  • M is hydrogen, halogen, -OCH3, or -CH2-O-CH2-O-CH3;
  • M 1 is halogen, -CH2OH, or-OCTH
  • X is O, S, or NR lc , wherein R lc is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted alkyl; R 1 , R la , R lb , R 2 , and R 5 are independently hydrogen, OH, NH2, SH, CN, NO2, SO2, OSO2OH, OSO2NH2, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • R A and R B has a structure of formula (F): wherein A and D together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5, 6, or 7-membered fused ring which may be substituted by C1-6 -alkyl, C1-6 -alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, nitro, nitrile, amino, amino substituted by one or more C1-6 -alkyl groups, carboxy, acyl, aryloxy, carbonamido, carbonamido substituted by C1-6 -alkyl, sulphonamide or trifluoromethyl or the fused ring may link two oxaborole rings; B is boron;
  • X 1 is a group -CR 7 R 8 wherein R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen, C1-6 -alkyl, nitrile, nitro, aryl, aralkyl or R 7 and R 8 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form an alicyclic ring; and and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the compound agriculturally acceptable salt thereof is provided.
  • At least one of R A and R B is selected from formula (E) or
  • each R 6 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkene, alkyne, haloalkyl, haloalkene, haloalkyne, alkoxy, alkeneoxy, haloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkene, arylalkyne, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkene, heteroarylalkyne, halogen, hydroxyl, nitrile, amine, ester, carboxylic acid, ketone, alcohol, sufide, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfoximine, sulfilimine, sulfonamide, sulfate, sulfonate, nitroalkyl, amide, oxime, imine, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, hydrazone, carbamate, thiocarbamate, urea, thiourea, carbonate, aryl
  • B is boron
  • R 10 is halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C(O)R 14 , C(O)OR 14 , OR 14 , NR 14 R 15 , wherein each of R 11 , R 12 , R 14 , and R 15 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • R 9 is CN and R 10 is R b .
  • At least one of R A and R B has a structure selected from:
  • At least one of R A and R B has a structure selected from:
  • R 9 is -COOR 3 and R 10 is R b .
  • At least one of R A and R B has a structure selected from:
  • At least one of R A and R B has a structure selected from:
  • At least one of R A and R B has a structure selected from:
  • R 9 is -CONR 1 R 2 and R 10 is R b .
  • each of R A and R B is independently selected from formula (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), or (G).
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
  • the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
  • R b is selected from fluorine and chlorine. In another embodiment, R b is selected from OR 20 and NR 21 R 22 . In another embodiment when R b is OR 20 , R 20 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
  • R 20 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In another embodiment when R b is OR 20 , R 20 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl. In another embodiment when R b is OR 20 , R 20 is unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In another embodiment when R b is OR 20 , R 20 is alkyl, substituted with a member selected from substituted or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkoxy. In another embodiment when R b is OR 20 , R 20 is alkyl, substituted with at least one halogen. In another embodiment when R b OR 20 , R 20 is alkyl, substituted with at least one oxo moiety.
  • R 20 is a member selected from -CH3, - CH2CH3, -(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 , -CH(CH 3 ) 2 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CHF 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 (OH), -CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 3 ), - CH 2 CH 2 (OC(CH 3 ) 2 ), -C(O)CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CH 3 , -CH 2 C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 , - CH 2 C(O)OC(CH 3 )3, -(CH2) 3 C(O)CH 3 , -CH 2 C(O)OC(CH 3 )3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
  • R 21 and R 22 are members independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
  • R 21 is H or unsubstituted alkyl; and R 22 is unsubstituted alkyl or alkyl substituted with a member selected from hydroxyl, phenyl, unsubstituted alkoxy and alkoxy substituted with a phenyl.
  • R 21 is H or CH 3 .
  • R 21 and R 22 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In another embodiment when R b is NR 21 R 22 , R 21 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R 22 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In another embodiment when R b is NR 21 R 22 , R 21 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R 22 is alkyl, substituted with a member selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy and hydroxyl. In another embodiment when R b is NR 21 R 22 , R 21 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R 22 is alkyl, substituted with unsubstituted alkoxy.
  • R b is NR 21 R 22
  • R 21 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R 22 is alkyl, substituted with alkoxy, substituted with phenyl.
  • R 21 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R 22 is alkyl, substituted with unsubstituted alkoxy.
  • R b is NR 21 R 22
  • R 21 and R 22 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are combined to form a 4- to 8-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • R b is NR 21 R 22
  • R 21 and R 22 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are combined to form a 5- or 6-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • R b is selected from N(CH3)2, N(CH3)(CH2CH2(OCH3)), N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 OH), NH 2 , NHCH 3 , NH(CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 3 )), NH(CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 2 Ph), NH(CH2Ph), NH(C(CH3)3) and NHiCIUCIUOH).
  • R b is selected from N(CH3)2, N(CH3)(CH2CH2(OCH3)), N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 OH), NH 2 , NHCH 3 , NH(CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 3 )), NH(CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 2 Ph), NH(CH2Ph), NH(C(CH3)3) and NHiCIUCIUOH).
  • R b is selected from N(CH3)2, N(CH3)(CH2CH2(OCH3)), N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 OH), NH 2 , NH
  • the volatile compound provided has a structure of formula (Al) or (A2): wherein each of A 1 , A 2 , D 1 , and D 2 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-is -alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic; or A 1 and D 1 , or A 2 and D 2 together form a 5, 6, or 7-membered fused ring which is substituted or unsubstituted; each of R 13 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-6 -alkyl, nitrile, nitro, aryl or aryl alkyl; or R 16 and R 17 , or R 18 and R 19 together form an alicyclic ring which is substituted or unsubstituted;
  • B is boron
  • G is a substituted or unsubstituted Ci-is -alkylene, arylalkylene, arylene, or heterocyclic moiety.
  • each of R A and R B is independently
  • a system for controlling flowering of a cannabis plant comprises administration of an ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant to delay flowering of the cannabis plant, and administration of a second composition to the cannabis plant to induce flowering of the cannabis plant.
  • the previously described embodiments of the various methods of treating a cannabis plant are applicable to the system for controlling flowering of a cannabis plant described herein.
  • a ten acre plot of cannabis plants was used for the instant example and 1-MCP was utilized as the exemplary ethylene inhibitor.
  • Five acres of cannabis plants were treated with 1-MCP in a sprayable liquid formulation (2.5 acres were treated with 22.5g of 1-MCP/acre and 2.5 acres were treated with 120g 1-MCP/acre). The remaining five acres of cannabis plants were untreated.
  • the treatment groups for the instant example were as follows:
  • the pre-flowering was delayed compared to the group of cannabis plants that was untreated.
  • Administration of 1-MCP in this treatment group slowed the pre-flowering in 5 to 7 days when compared to the untreated group.
  • a delay in flowering of a cannabis plant can be utilized to increase vegetative growth and improve yields of cannabis plants or cannabis plant parts.
  • hemp plants can grow 6 inches per week if they are not flowering. Therefore, the delay in flowering observed in the instant example is beneficial to cannabis plants that are treated with ethylene inhibitor.
  • Cannabis plants in a greenhouse was used for the instant example and 1-MCP was utilized as the exemplary ethylene inhibitor.
  • Cannabis plants in the greenhouse were treated with 1-MCP in a sprayable liquid formulation (9.5g of AFxRD038). Thereafter, the plants were transplanted to a field in Bend, Oregon.
  • cannabis plants that were treated with 1-MCP were observed to have greater lateral growth compared to untreated cannabis plants.
  • cannabis plants treated with 1-MCP had about 6-7 inches of lateral growth compared to about 3 inches of lateral growth in untreated plants.
  • Cannabis plants in a greenhouse was used for the instant example and 1-MCP was utilized as the exemplary ethylene inhibitor.
  • Cannabis plants in the greenhouse were treated with 1-MCP in a sprayable liquid formulation (38g of AFxRD038). Thereafter, the plants were transplanted to a field in California.
  • Cannabis plants following harvest, can be administered an ethylene inhibitor according to the present disclosure.
  • a cannabis plant or a cannabis plant part can be administered an ethylene inhibitor at a time point after harvest. Benefits of the administration can be observed such as extended shelf life of the plants or plant parts.
  • Cannabis plants can be administered an ethylene inhibitor according to the present disclosure in order to control flowering.
  • a cannabis plant can be administered an ethylene inhibitor to achieve control of cannabis plant flowering.
  • a second composition can be administered according to the present disclosure in order to induce flowering. Benefits of the administration can be observed such improved effects associated with controlling or delaying the flowering.
  • Cannabis plants can be administered an ethylene inhibitor according to the present disclosure in order to improve various effects in the plants.
  • a cannabis plant can be administered an ethylene inhibitor to improve effects such as controlling of cannabis plant physiological development and/or changing a cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant. Benefits of the administration can be observed such improved effects associated with cannabis plant physiological development. Further, an increase or a decrease in a particular cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant can be evaluated.
  • Cannabis plants can be administered an ethylene inhibitor according to the present disclosure.
  • hemp plants are administered an ethylene inhibitor to evaluate rates of application to evaluate flowering, yields, and cannabinoid concentrations.
  • BX Day length sensitive floral hemp cultivar BaOx
  • BB Blackberry Punch Auto
  • 1-MCP was utilized as the ethylene inhibitor.
  • Five application treatments were investigated: 30 g ai/ac 1-MCP, 60 g ai/ac 1-MCP, 120 g ai/ac 1- MCP, 2000 ppm 1-MCP, and a non-treated control.
  • the 2000 ppm 1-MCP occurred during the seedling stage.
  • Treatment plots contained seven plants spaced 4’ apart and 5’ between rows.
  • In-field data collection included plant height every other week following 1-MCP application, presence of male flowers, and date of flower initiation. Three plants per plot were harvested approximately 5 weeks after floral initiation, dried in a tobacco bulk curing barn at 46 °C and threshed by hand. Threshed biomass was weighed per plant and samples from two plants per plot were submitted for cannabinoid analysis.
  • the autoflower cultivar was observed to flower upon transplant, which is not uncommon in autoflower hemp species. While these plants are not sensitive to day length, stress can often can induce flowering. For this species, the stress of transplanting in mid-June was enough to induce flowering.
  • Tables 1 and 2 demonstrate the observations in yield between the cultivars and the various treatment groups.
  • Tables 3 and 4 demonstrate the observations in cannabinoid concentrations (total CBD, total THC, and total CBG) between the cultivars and the various treatment groups.
  • Tables 5, 6, and 7 demonstrate the observations in plant height between the cultivars and the various treatment groups. Plant height data were only collected once for BB and three times for BX.

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Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor. The disclosure also provides methods and systems to treat a cannabis plant in order to achieve an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.

Description

TREATMENT AND SYSTEM FOR CANNABIS PLANT SPECIES APPLICATIONS WITH
ETHYLENE INHIBITORS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/107,597, filed October 30, 2020, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to methods of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor. The invention includes methods and systems to treat a cannabis plant in order to achieve an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. Generally, three difference species of cannabis plants are recognized: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis plants can realize many different uses, including utilization as fibers, as seeds and their resultant oils, as leaves for medicinal purposes, and as leaves for recreational substances. Cannabis plants may also be known colloquially as “marijuana” or as “hemp.”
In recent years, the number of acres around the world planted with cannabis plants has substantially increased. For example, in 2019, licensed hemp cultivation acreage in the 29 reporting states in the United States totaled nearly 500,000 acres in combined cultivation land area. Compared to 2018, this figure represents a yearly increase of over 300%, when just over 100,000 acres in land area was reported. Furthermore, recent reports have predicted approximately 2.3 million acres of hemp will be grown in the U.S. by 2023.
However, the increase in cannabis plant production has also demonstrated new challenges for the expanding industry. For example, growth of cannabis plants can be sporadic in nature, thus resulting in inconsistent results amongst growing and harvested plants. For instance, irregular vegetative growth of plants can lead to unpredictability in their resultant yields, including variations in flower production, fiber production, and cannabinoid production from the plants.
Thus, there exists a need in the industry for predictability in growth, survival, and yield of cannabis plants to be used in all facets of production.
Accordingly, the present disclosure provides methods and systems for treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor which exhibit desirable properties and provide related advantages for improvement in the achievable effects of the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
The present disclosure provides methods of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor. The disclosure also provides methods and systems to treat a cannabis plant in order to achieve an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
The methods and systems according to the present disclosure provide several advantages compared to others known in the art. First, the ethylene inhibitor can be administered to the cannabis plant using numerous different formulations, including liquid, gaseous, and/or solid formulations. Second, the ethylene inhibitor can be administered to the cannabis plant at numerous different stages of development, including at germination stage, at seedling stage, at vegetative stage, or at flowering stage.
Third, the ethylene inhibitor can be administered to the cannabis plant in a closed space, for instance during transportation of the plant as part of a transplantation procedure, or in an open field, for instance as an over the top spray. Fourth, the ethylene inhibitor can be administered to the cannabis plant to control cannabis plant flowering. For instance, the cannabis plant flowering can be controlled via the disclosed methods and systems to result in greater predictability in growth, survival, and yield of cannabis plants.
The following numbered embodiments are contemplated and are non-limiting:
1. A method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor, said method comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant to achieve an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
2. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis sativa plant.
3. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis indica plant.
4. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis ruderalis plant.
5. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a seedling.
6. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is an adult plant.
7. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a seed. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a harvested flower. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is hemp. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is marijuana. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises less than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises greater than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a pre-transplant plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a post-transplant plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is diazocyclopentadiene (DACP). The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is silver thiosulfate (STS). The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2,5-norbornadiene. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG). The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is trans-cyclooctene. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 3, 3 -dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP). The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is Co2+, and/or wherein the ethylene inhibitor is nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is a cyclopropene compound. The method of clause 24, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cyclopropene compound is 1 -methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in a greenhouse. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in a closed space. The method of clause 27, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a storage room. The method of clause 27, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a box. The method of clause 27, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a transport vehicle. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in an open field. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a sachet. The method of clause 32, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sachet comprises the ethylene inhibitor and a package. The method of clause 33, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package is a paper composition. The method of clause 33, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package forms the exterior of the sachet and the ethylene inhibitor is located in the package. The method of clause 33, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package permits moisture and/or gaseous molecules to transport or permeate through the package. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to transplantation of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after transplantation of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to harvesting the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after harvesting the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the germination stage of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the seedling stage of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 1 week of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 2 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 3 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 4 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 5 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 6 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 7 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 8 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 9 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 10 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 11 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 12 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 13 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 14 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 15 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 16 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a liquid formulation. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation, wherein the gaseous formulation is provided via a gas generator. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a solid formulation. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a sachet formulation. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via an aerosol formulation. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in yield. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in flower production of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in vegetative growth. The method of clause 74, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in vegetative growth is an improvement in lateral growth. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in survival rate of transplanted cannabis plants. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant flowering. The method of clause 77, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 2 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 5 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 7 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 10 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 14 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 21 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 5 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 7 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 7 days and 10 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 10 days and 14 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 14 days and 21 days. The method of clause 78, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 21 days and 28 days. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant physiological development. The method of clause 91, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling of cannabis plant physiological development is a delay in physiological development. The method of clause 92, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the germination stage of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 92, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant The method of clause 92, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is a change in a cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant. The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is an increase in the cannabinoid concentration. The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is a decrease in the cannabinoid concentration. The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid).. The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBD (cannabidiol). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDA (cannabidiolic acid). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBN (cannabinol). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBG (cannabigerol). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBC (cannabichromene). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBL (cannabicyclol). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBV (cannabivarin). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCP (tetrahydrocannabiphorol). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDV (cannabidivarin). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBCV (cannabichromevarin). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGV (cannabigerovarin). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGM (cannabigerol monomethyl ether). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBE (cannabielsoin). . The method of clause 96, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBT (cannabicitran). . The method of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the method further comprises the step of administering a second composition to the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 116, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is administered to the cannabis plant to induce flowering. . The method of clause 117, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is gibberellic acid. . The method of clause 117, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethephon. . The method of clause 117, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethylene. . The method of clause 117, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is a calcium-containing composition.. The method of clause 121, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium chloride.. The method of clause 121, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium nitrate. . The method of clause 121, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition comprises calcium ions.. The method of clause 116, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition comprises a benzoxaborole. . A method of treating a pre-transplant cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor, said method comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the pretransplant cannabis plant and further comprising a step of subsequently transplanting the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis sativa plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis indica plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis ruderalis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a seedling. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is an adult plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a seed. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a harvested flower. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is hemp. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is marijuana. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises less than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises greater than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is diazocyclopentadiene (DACP).. The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is silver thiosulfate (STS). . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2,5-norbomadiene. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG).. The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is aminooxyacetic acid (AO A). . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is trans-cyclooctene. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP).. The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is Co2+, and/or wherein the ethylene inhibitor is nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is a cyclopropene compound. . The method of clause 147, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cyclopropene compound is 1 -methylcyclopropene (1- MCP). . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in a greenhouse.. The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in a closed space.. The method of clause 150, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a storage room. . The method of clause 150, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a box. . The method of clause 150, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a transport vehicle. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in an open field.. The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a sachet. . The method of clause 155, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sachet comprises the ethylene inhibitor and a package. . The method of clause 156, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package is a paper composition. . The method of clause 156, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package forms the exterior of the sachet and the ethylene inhibitor is located in the package. . The method of clause 156, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package permits moisture and/or gaseous molecules to transport or permeate through the package. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to transplantation of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the germination stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the seedling stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 1 week of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 2 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 3 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 4 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 5 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 6 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 7 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 8 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 9 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 10 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 11 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 12 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 13 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 14 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 15 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 16 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a liquid formulation.. The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation, wherein the gaseous formulation is provided via a gas generator. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a solid formulation.. The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a sachet formulation.. The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via an aerosol formulation. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in yield. . The method of clause 190, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in flower production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 190, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 190, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in vegetative growth.. The method of clause 194, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in vegetative growth is an improvement in lateral growth. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in survival rate of transplanted cannabis plants. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant flowering. . The method of clause 197, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering.. The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 2 days. . The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 5 days. . The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 7 days. . The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 10 days. . The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 14 days. . The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 21 days. . The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 5 days.. The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 7 days.. The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 7 days and 10 days.. The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 10 days and 14 days.. The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 14 days and 21 days.. The method of clause 198, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 21 days and 28 days.. The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant physiological development. . The method of clause 211, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling of cannabis plant physiological development is a delay in physiological development. . The method of clause 212, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the germination stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 212, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant . The method of clause 212, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is a change in a cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is an increase in the cannabinoid concentration. . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is a decrease in the cannabinoid concentration. . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid).. The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBD (cannabidiol). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDA (cannabidiolic acid). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBN (cannabinol). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBG (cannabigerol). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBC (cannabichromene). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBL (cannabicyclol). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBV (cannabivarin). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCP (tetrahydrocannabiphorol). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDV (cannabidivarin). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBCV (cannabichromevarin). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGV (cannabigerovarin). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGM (cannabigerol monomethyl ether).. The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBE (cannabielsoin). . The method of clause 216, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBT (cannabicitran). . The method of clause 126, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the method further comprises the step of administering a second composition to the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 236, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is administered to the cannabis plant to induce flowering. . The method of clause 237, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is gibberellic acid. . The method of clause 237, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethephon. . The method of clause 237, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethylene. . The method of clause 237, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is a calcium-containing composition.. The method of clause 241, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium chloride.. The method of clause 241, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium nitrate. . The method of clause 241, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition comprises calcium ions.. The method of clause 236, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition comprises a benzoxaborole. . A method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor, said method comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant during transplantation of the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis sativa plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis indica plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis ruderalis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a seedling. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is an adult plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a seed. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a harvested flower. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is hemp. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is marijuana. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises less than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises greater than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is diazocyclopentadiene (DACP).. The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is silver thiosulfate (STS). . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2,5-norbomadiene. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG).. The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is aminooxyacetic acid (AO A). . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is trans-cyclooctene. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP).. The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is Co2+ Co2+, and/or wherein the ethylene inhibitor is nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is a cyclopropene compound. . The method of clause 267, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cyclopropene compound is 1 -methylcyclopropene (1- MCP). . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in a closed space.. The method of clause 269, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a storage room. . The method of clause 269, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a box. . The method of clause 269, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a transport vehicle. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a sachet. . The method of clause 273, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sachet comprises the ethylene inhibitor and a package.. The method of clause 274, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package is a paper composition. . The method of clause 274, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package forms the exterior of the sachet and the ethylene inhibitor is located in the package. . The method of clause 274, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package permits moisture and/or gaseous molecules to transport or permeate through the package. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to harvesting the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the germination stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the seedling stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 1 week of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 2 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 3 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 4 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 5 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 6 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 7 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 8 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 9 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 10 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 11 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 12 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 13 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 14 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 15 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 16 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a liquid formulation.. The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation, wherein the gaseous formulation is provided via a gas generator. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a solid formulation.. The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a sachet formulation.. The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via an aerosol formulation. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in yield. . The method of clause 308, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in flower production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 308, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 308, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in vegetative growth.. The method of clause 312, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in vegetative growth is an improvement in lateral growth. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in survival rate of transplanted cannabis plants. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant flowering. . The method of clause 315, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering.. The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 2 days. . The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 5 days. . The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 7 days. . The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 10 days. . The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 14 days. . The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 21 days. . The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 5 days. . The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 7 days.. The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 7 days and 10 days.. The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 10 days and 14 days.. The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 14 days and 21 days.. The method of clause 316, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 21 days and 28 days.. The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant physiological development. . The method of clause 329, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling of cannabis plant physiological development is a delay in physiological development. . The method of clause 330, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the germination stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 330, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant . The method of clause 330, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is a change in a cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is an increase in the cannabinoid concentration. . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is a decrease in the cannabinoid concentration. . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid).. The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBD (cannabidiol). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDA (cannabidiolic acid). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBN (cannabinol). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBG (cannabigerol). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBC (cannabichromene). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBL (cannabicyclol). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBV (cannabivarin). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCP (tetrahydrocannabiphorol). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDV (cannabidivarin). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBCV (cannabichromevarin). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGV (cannabigerovarin). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGM (cannabigerol monomethyl ether).. The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBE (cannabielsoin). . The method of clause 334, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBT (cannabicitran). . The method of clause 246, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the method further comprises the step of administering a second composition to the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 354, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is administered to the cannabis plant to induce flowering. . The method of clause 355, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is gibberellic acid. . The method of clause 355, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethephon. . The method of clause 355, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethylene. . The method of clause 355, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is a calcium-containing composition.. The method of clause 359, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium chloride.. The method of clause 359, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium nitrate. . The method of clause 359, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition comprises calcium ions.. The method of clause 354, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition comprises a benzoxaborole. . A method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor, said method comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant after harvesting the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis sativa plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis indica plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis ruderalis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is an adult plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a harvested flower. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is hemp. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is marijuana. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises less than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises greater than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a post-transplant plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is diazocyclopentadiene (DACP).. The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is silver thiosulfate (STS). . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2,5-norbomadiene. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG).. The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is trans-cyclooctene. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP). . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is Co2+, and/or wherein the ethylene inhibitor is nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is a cyclopropene compound. . The method of clause 384, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cyclopropene compound is 1 -methylcyclopropene (1- MCP). . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in a greenhouse.. The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in a closed space.. The method of clause 387, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a storage room. . The method of clause 387, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a box. . The method of clause 387, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a transport vehicle. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in an open field.. The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a sachet. . The method of clause 392, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sachet comprises the ethylene inhibitor and a package.. The method of clause 393, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package is a paper composition. . The method of clause 393, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package forms the exterior of the sachet and the ethylene inhibitor is located in the package. . The method of clause 393, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package permits moisture and/or gaseous molecules to transport or permeate through the package. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to transplantation of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after transplantation of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after harvesting the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 1 week of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 2 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 3 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 4 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 5 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 6 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 7 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 8 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 9 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 10 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 11 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 12 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 13 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 14 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 15 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 16 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a liquid formulation.. The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation, wherein the gaseous formulation is provided via a gas generator. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a solid formulation.. The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a sachet formulation.. The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via an aerosol formulation. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in yield. . The method of clause 425, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in flower production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 425, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 425, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in vegetative growth.. The method of clause 429, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in vegetative growth is an improvement in lateral growth. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in survival rate of transplanted cannabis plants. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant flowering. . The method of clause 432, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering.. The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 2 days. . The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 5 days. . The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 7 days. . The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 10 days. . The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 14 days. . The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 21 days. . The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 5 days.. The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 7 days.. The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 7 days and 10 days.. The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 10 days and 14 days.. The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 14 days and 21 days.. The method of clause 433, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 21 days and 28 days. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant physiological development. . The method of clause 446, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling of cannabis plant physiological development is a delay in physiological development. . The method of clause 447, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the germination stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 447, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant . The method of clause 447, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improved effect is a change in a cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is an increase in the cannabinoid concentration. . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is a decrease in the cannabinoid concentration. . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid).. The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBD (cannabidiol). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDA (cannabidiolic acid). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBN (cannabinol). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBG (cannabigerol). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBC (cannabichromene). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBL (cannabicyclol). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBV (cannabivarin). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCP (tetrahydrocannabiphorol). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDV (cannabidivarin). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBCV (cannabichromevarin). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGV (cannabigerovarin). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGM (cannabigerol monomethyl ether).. The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBE (cannabielsoin). . The method of clause 451, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBT (cannabicitran). . The method of clause 364, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the method further comprises the step of administering a second composition to the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 471, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is administered to the cannabis plant to induce flowering. . The method of clause 472, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is gibberellic acid. . The method of clause 472, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethephon. . The method of clause 472, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethylene. . The method of clause 472, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is a calcium-containing composition.. The method of clause 476, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium chloride.. The method of clause 476, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium nitrate. . The method of clause 476, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition comprises calcium ions.. The method of clause 471, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition comprises a benzoxaborole. . A method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor, said method comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor controls flowering of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis sativa plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis indica plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis ruderalis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a seedling. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is an adult plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a seed. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a harvested flower. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is hemp. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is marijuana. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises less than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises greater than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a pre-transplant plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a post-transplant plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is diazocyclopentadiene (DACP).. The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is silver thiosulfate (STS). . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2,5-norbomadiene. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG).. The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is trans-cyclooctene. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP).. The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is Co2+, and/or wherein the ethylene inhibitor is nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is a cyclopropene compound. . The method of clause 504, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cyclopropene compound is 1 -methylcyclopropene (1- MCP). . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in a greenhouse. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in a closed space.. The method of clause 507, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a storage room. . The method of clause 507, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a box. . The method of clause 507, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a transport vehicle. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed in an open field. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a sachet. . The method of clause 512, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sachet comprises the ethylene inhibitor and a package.. The method of clause 513, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package is a paper composition. . The method of clause 513, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package forms the exterior of the sachet and the ethylene inhibitor is located in the package. . The method of clause 513, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package permits moisture and/or gaseous molecules to transport or permeate through the package. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to transplantation of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after transplantation of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to harvesting the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after harvesting the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the germination stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the seedling stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed prior to the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed during the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed after the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 1 week of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 2 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 3 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 4 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 5 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 6 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 7 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 8 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 9 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 10 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 11 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 12 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 13 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 14 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 15 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the step of administration is performed within 16 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a liquid formulation.. The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation, wherein the gaseous formulation is provided via a gas generator. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a solid formulation.. The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a sachet formulation.. The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via an aerosol formulation. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the method further comprises an improvement in yield of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 550, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in flower production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 550, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 550, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the method further comprises an improvement in vegetative growth of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 554, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in vegetative growth is an improvement in lateral growth. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the method further comprises an improvement in survival rate of transplanted cannabis plants. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering.. The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 2 days. . The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 5 days. . The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 7 days. . The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 10 days. . The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 14 days. . The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 21 days. . The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 5 days. . The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 7 days.. The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 7 days and 10 days.. The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 10 days and 14 days.. The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 14 days and 21 days.. The method of clause 557, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 21 days and 28 days.. The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the method further comprises controlling of cannabis plant physiological development. . The method of clause 570, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling of cannabis plant physiological development is a delay in physiological development. . The method of clause 571, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the germination stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 571, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 571, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the method further comprises a change in a cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is an increase in the cannabinoid concentration. . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is a decrease in the cannabinoid concentration. . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid).. The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBD (cannabidiol). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDA (cannabidiolic acid). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBN (cannabinol). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBG (cannabigerol). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBC (cannabichromene). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBL (cannabicyclol). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBV (cannabivarin). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCP (tetrahydrocannabiphorol). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDV (cannabidivarin). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBCV (cannabichromevarin). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGV (cannabigerovarin). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGM (cannabigerol monomethyl ether).. The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBE (cannabielsoin). . The method of clause 575, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBT (cannabicitran). . The method of clause 481, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the method further comprises the step of administering a second composition to the cannabis plant. . The method of clause 595, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is administered to the cannabis plant to induce flowering. . The method of clause 596, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is gibberellic acid. . The method of clause 596, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethephon. . The method of clause 596, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethylene. . The method of clause 596, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is a calcium-containing composition.. The method of clause 600, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium chloride.. The method of clause 600, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium nitrate. . The method of clause 600, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition comprises calcium ions.. The method of clause 595, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition comprises a benzoxaborole. . A system for controlling flowering of a cannabis plant, said system comprising administration of an ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant to delay flowering of the cannabis plant, and administration of a second composition to the cannabis plant to induce flowering of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis sativa plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis indica plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a Cannabis ruderalis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a seedling. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is an adult plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a seed. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a harvested flower. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is hemp. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is marijuana. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises less than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant comprises greater than 0.3% THC content by dry weight. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a pre-transplant plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabis plant is a post-transplant plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbomadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is diazocyclopentadiene (DACP).. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is silver thiosulfate (STS). . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2,5-norbomadiene. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG).. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is trans-cyclooctene. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP).. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is Co2+, and/or wherein the ethylene inhibitor is nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1). . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is a cyclopropene compound. . The system of clause 628, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cyclopropene compound is 1 -methylcyclopropene (1- MCP). . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed in a greenhouse. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed in a closed space. . The system of clause 631, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a storage room. . The system of clause 631, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a box. . The system of clause 631, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the closed space is a transport vehicle. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed in an open field. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration of the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a sachet. . The system of clause 636, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sachet comprises the ethylene inhibitor and a package. . The system of clause 637, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package is a paper composition. . The system of clause 637, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package forms the exterior of the sachet and the ethylene inhibitor is located in the package. . The system of clause 637, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the package permits moisture and/or gaseous molecules to transport or permeate through the package. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration of the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed prior to transplantation of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed after transplantation of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed prior to harvesting the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed after harvesting the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed during the germination stage of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed during the seedling stage of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed during the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed prior to the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed during the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed after the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein administration is performed within 1 week of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 2 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 3 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 4 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 5 weeks of planting the seed of the any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 6 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 7 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 8 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 9 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 10 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 11 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 12 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 13 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the administration is performed within 14 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein administration is performed within 15 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein administration is performed within 16 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a liquid formulation.. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation, wherein the gaseous formulation is provided via a gas generator. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a solid formulation.. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a sachet formulation.. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via an aerosol formulation. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the system further comprises is an improvement in yield of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 674, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in flower production of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 674, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 674, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the system further comprises an improvement in vegetative growth of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 678, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the improvement in vegetative growth is an improvement in lateral growth. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the system further comprises an improvement in survival rate of transplanted cannabis plants. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 2 days. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 5 days. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 7 days. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 10 days. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 14 days. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay of about 21 days. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 5 days.. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 7 days.. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 7 days and 10 days.. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 10 days and 14 days.. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 14 days and 21 days.. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay in flowering is a delay between 21 days and 28 days.. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the system further comprises controlling of cannabis plant physiological development. . The system of clause 693, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein controlling of cannabis plant physiological development is a delay in physiological development. . The system of clause 694, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the germination stage of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 694, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant . The system of clause 694, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the system further comprises is a change in a cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant. . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is an increase in the cannabinoid concentration. . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the change in the cannabinoid concentration is a decrease in the cannabinoid concentration. . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid).. The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBD (cannabidiol). . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDA (cannabidiolic acid). . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBN (cannabinol). . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBG (cannabigerol). . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBC (cannabichromene). . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBL (cannabicyclol). . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBV (cannabivarin). . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin). . The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is THCP (tetrahydrocannabiphorol). 712. The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBDV (cannabidivarin).
713. The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBCV (cannabichromevarin).
714. The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGV (cannabigerovarin).
715. The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBGM (cannabigerol monomethyl ether).
716. The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBE (cannabielsoin).
717. The system of clause 698, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cannabinoid is CBT (cannabicitran).
718. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is gibberellic acid.
719. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethephon.
720. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is ethylene.
721. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the second composition is a calcium-containing composition.
722. The system of clause 721, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium chloride.
723. The system of clause 721, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition is calcium nitrate.
724. The system of clause 721, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the calcium-containing composition comprises calcium ions.
725. The system of clause 605, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the system further comprises administration of a benzoxaborole to the cannabis plant.
Various embodiments of the invention are described herein as follows. In one aspect described herein, a method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor is provided. The method comprises administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant to achieve an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of treating a pre-transplant cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor is provided. The method comprises administering the ethylene inhibitor to the pre-transplant cannabis plant and further comprising a step of subsequently transplanting the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, a further method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor is provided. The method comprises administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant during transplantation of the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, a further method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor is provided. The method comprises administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant after harvesting the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, a further method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor is provided. The method comprises administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor controls flowering of the cannabis plant.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, a system for controlling flowering of a cannabis plant is provided. The system comprises administration of an ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant to delay flowering of the cannabis plant, and administration of a second composition to the cannabis plant to induce flowering of the cannabis plant.
Various methods of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor are described herein. In some embodiments, the cannabis plant is a Cannabis sativa plant. In some embodiments, the cannabis plant is a Cannabis indica plant. In some embodiments, the cannabis plant is a Cannabis ruderalis plant.
In some aspects, the cannabis plant is a seedling. In other aspects, the cannabis plant is an adult plant. In yet other aspects, the cannabis plant is a seed. In some aspects, the cannabis plant is a harvested flower. For instance, it can be recognized that the process for growing cannabis seeds begins with germination in which the seeds split open and a taproot emerges. Thereafter, a stem penetrates the soil surface and cotyledons appear. The appearance of several leaves follows. Two leaves may appear between the cotyledons, each leaf having only two tips. From the elbows of these two leaves, another set of leaves may appear with three tips and, from those leaves, further leaves with five tips may emerge. The next sets of leaves will have seven tips, generally representing the end of the seedling stage for the cannabis plant.
In various embodiments, the cannabis plant is hemp. The term “hemp” is generally well known in the art and a hemp plant is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In other embodiments, the cannabis plant is marijuana. The term “marijuana” is generally well known in the art and a marijuana plant is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In some embodiments, the cannabis plant comprises less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content by dry weight. THC is a known cannabinoid that is identified in a cannabis plant. In some embodiments, the cannabis plant comprises more than than 0.3% THC content by dry weight.
In one aspect, the cannabis plant is a pre-transplant plant. A pre-transplant plant refers to a cannabis plant that exists prior to transplantation of the plant from a first location to a second location. In another aspect, the cannabis plant is a post-transplant plant. A posttransplant plant refers to a cannabis plant that exists after transplantation of the plant from a first location to a second location.
In some embodiments, the ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5-norbornadiene, 2- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), trans-cyclooctene, 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1).
In one embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is diazocyclopentadiene (DACP). In another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is silver thiosulfate (STS). In yet another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is 2,5-norbomadiene. In another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG). In yet another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). In another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is trans- cyclooctene. In yet another embodiment, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 3,3- dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP). In another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is Co2+. In another embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP- 1).
In some aspects, the ethylene inhibitor is a cyclopropene compound. As used herein, a cyclopropene compound is any compound with the formula
R3 R4 R1^^R2 where each R1, R2, R3 and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and a chemical group of the formula:
-(L)n-Z where n is an integer from 0 to 12. Each L is a bivalent radical. Suitable L groups include, for example, radicals containing one or more atoms selected from B, C, N, O, P, S, Si, or mixtures thereof. The atoms within an L group may be connected to each other by single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, or mixtures thereof. Each L group may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof. In any one R group (i.e., any one of R1, R2, R3 and R4) the total number of heteroatoms (i.e., atoms that are neither H nor C) is from 0 to 6. Independently, in any one R group the total number of non-hydrogen atoms is 50 or less. Each Z is a monovalent radical. Each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a Ci-Cs alkyl, hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, nitroso, azido, chlorate, bromate, iodate, isocyanato, isocyanido, isothiocyanate, pentafluorothio, and a chemical group G, wherein G is a 3- to 14-membered ring system.
The R1, R2, R3, and R4 groups are independently selected from the suitable groups. Among the groups that are suitable for use as one or more of R1, R2, R3, and R4 are, for example, aliphatic groups, aliphatic-oxy groups, alkylphosphonato groups, cycloaliphatic groups, cycloalkylsulfonyl groups, cycloalkylamino groups, heterocyclic groups, aryl groups, heteroaryl groups, halogens, silyl groups, and mixtures and combinations thereof. Groups that are suitable for use as one or more of R1, R2, R3, and R4 may be substituted or unsubstituted.
Among the suitable R1, R2, R3, and R4 groups are, for example, aliphatic groups. Some suitable aliphatic groups include, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups. Suitable aliphatic groups may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof. Independently, suitable aliphatic groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.
As used herein, a chemical group of interest is said to be “substituted” if one or more hydrogen atoms of the chemical group of interest is replaced by a substituent.
Also among the suitable R1, R2, R3, and R4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups that are connected to the cyclopropene compound through an intervening oxy group, amino group, carbonyl group, or sulfonyl group; examples of such R1, R2, R3, and R4 groups are heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, diheterocyclylamino, and diheterocyclylaminosulfonyl.
Also among the suitable R1, R2, R3, and R4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclic groups that are connected to the cyclopropene compound through an intervening oxy group, amino group, carbonyl group, sulfonyl group, thioalkyl group, or aminosulfonyl group; examples of such R1, R2, R3, and R4 groups are diheteroarylamino, heteroarylthioalkyl, and diheteroarylaminosulfonyl.
Also among the suitable R1, R2, R3, and R4 groups are, for example, hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, nitro, nitroso, azido, chlorate, bromate, iodate, isocyanato, isocyanido, isothiocyanate, pentafluorothio, acetoxy, carboethoxy, cyanato, nitrate, nitrite, perchlorate, allenyl, butylmercapto, diethylphosphonato, dimethylphenylsilyl, isoquinolyl, mercapto, naphthyl, phenoxy, phenyl, piperidine, pyridyl, quinolyl, triethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, and substituted analogs thereof.
As used herein, the chemical group G is a 3- to 14-membered ring system. Ring systems suitable as chemical group G may be substituted or unsubstituted; they may be aromatic (including, for example, phenyl and naphthyl) or aliphatic (including unsaturated aliphatic, partially saturated aliphatic, or saturated aliphatic); and they may be carbocyclic or heterocyclic. Among heterocyclic G groups, some suitable heteroatoms are, for example, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and combinations thereof. Ring systems suitable as chemical group G may be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, polycyclic, spiro, or fused; among suitable chemical group G ring systems that are bicyclic, tricyclic, or fused, the various rings in a single chemical group G may be all the same type or may be of two or more types (for example, an aromatic ring may be fused with an aliphatic ring).
In one embodiment, one or more of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is hydrogen or Ci-Cio alkyl. In another embodiment, each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is hydrogen or a Ci-Cs alkyl. In another embodiment, each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl. In another embodiment, each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is hydrogen or methyl. In another embodiment, R1 is C1-C4 alkyl and each of R2, R3, and R4 is hydrogen. In another embodiment, R1 is methyl and each of R2, R3, and R4 is hydrogen, and the cyclopropene compound is known herein as 1- methylcyclopropene or “1-MCP.”
In various embodiments, the cyclopropene is of the formula:
Figure imgf000061_0001
wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl, or naphthyl group; wherein the substituents are independently halogen, alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy. In one embodiment, R is Ci-Cs alkyl. In another embodiment, R is methyl.
In another embodiment, the cyclopropene is of the formula: R3 R4
R1^=^R2 wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl, or naphthyl group; and R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen. In another embodiment, the cyclopropene comprises 1 -methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).
In one embodiment, the cyclopropene comprises 1 -methylcyclopropene (1- MCP). The cyclopropenes applicable to this invention may be prepared by any method. Some suitable methods of preparation of cyclopropenes are the processes and related compositions disclosed in U.S. Patents No. 5,518,988; 6,017,849; 6,313,068; 6452060; 6444619; 6953540; 6762153; 8541344; 8691728; 8247459; 8580140; 8986723; 9730440; 9012515; 9282736; 9867370; 10091993; 10220548; 10375954; 9394216; 9908827; 9992995; 10207968; 10351490; US2013/0345060; US2016/0324147; and US2017/0318804, each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety..
In some aspects, the step of administration is performed in a greenhouse. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed in a closed space. In one aspect, the closed space is a storage room. In another aspect, the closed space is a box. In yet another aspect, the closed space is a transport vehicle.
In some aspects, the step of administration is performed in an open field. In other aspects, the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a sachet. In one aspect, the sachet comprises the ethylene inhibitor and a package. In some aspects, the package is a paper composition. As used herein, a paper composition refers to natural materials, synthetic materials, other man-made materials, and any combination thereof. In other aspects, the package forms the exterior of the sachet and the ethylene inhibitor is located in the package. In other aspects, the package permits moisture and/or gaseous molecules to transport or permeate through the package.
In various embodiments, the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof.
In some aspects, the step of administration is performed prior to transplantation of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed after transplantation of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed prior to harvesting the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed after harvesting the cannabis plant.
In some embodiments, the step of administration is performed during the germination stage of the cannabis plant. The timing of the germination stage of the cannabis plant is well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. In other embodiments, the step of administration is performed during the seedling stage of the cannabis plant. The timing of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant is well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. In yet other embodiments, the step of administration is performed during the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant. The timing of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant is well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
In some embodiments, the step of administration is performed prior to the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. In other embodiments, the step of administration is performed during the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. In yet other embodiments, the step of administration is performed after the flowering stage of the cannabis plant. The timing of the flowering stage of the cannabis plant is well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
In some aspects, the step of administration is performed within 1 week of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 2 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 3 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In some aspects, the step of administration is performed within 4 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 5 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 6 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In some aspects, the step of administration is performed within 7 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 8 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 9 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In some aspects, the step of administration is performed within 10 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 11 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 12 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In some aspects, the step of administration is performed within 13 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 14 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 15 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the step of administration is performed within 16 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant.
In some aspects, the step of administration may be performed in multiple applications to the cannabis plant. In some embodiments, the step of administration is performed two times to the cannabis plant. In other embodiments, the step of administration is performed three times to the cannabis plant. In yet other embodiments, the step of administration is performed four or more times to the cannabis plant. When the step of administration is performed in multiple applications to the cannabis plant, the multiple applications can take place at the various time points described herein. For instance, if the step of administration is performed two times to the cannabis plant, a first administration can be performed within 2 weeks of planting the seed of the cannabis plant and a second administration can be performed at approximately 6 weeks after planting the seed. Any combination of performing multiple applications to the cannabis plant at any time point described herein is contemplated by the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a liquid formulation. In other embodiments, the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation. In yet other embodiments, the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a gaseous formulation, wherein the gaseous formulation is provided via a gas generator. In other embodiments, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a solid formulation. In yet other embodiments, the ethylene inhibitor is administered via a sachet formulation. In other embodiments, the ethylene inhibitor is administered via an aerosol formulation.
The methods according to the present disclosure can be effective to provide an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant. In some aspects, the improved effect is an improvement in yield. In certain aspects, the improvement in yield is an increase in flower production of the cannabis plant. In other aspects, the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant. In yet other aspects, the improvement in yield is an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant.
In some embodiments, the improved effect is an improvement in vegetative growth. In various embodiments, the improvement in vegetative growth is an improvement in lateral growth. Lateral growth of a cannabis plant can be measured according to methods commonly utilized in the art.
In some aspects, the improved effect is an improvement in survival rate of transplanted cannabis plants. For instance, after transplantation of one or more cannabis plants, the survival rate of the one or more cannabis plants can be extended by one or more days, by one or more weeks, or by one or more months. The survival rate of the one or more cannabis plants can be evaluated according to methods commonly utilized in the art.
In some embodiments, the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant flowering. Control of cannabis plant flowering can be evaluated according to methods commonly utilized in the art. For various embodiments, controlling cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering. In one embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay of about 2 days. In another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay of about 5 days. In yet another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay of about 7 days. In one embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay of about 10 days. In another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay of about 14 days. In yet another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay of about 21 days. In one embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 5 days. In another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay between 2 days and 7 days. In yet another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay between 7 days and 10 days. In one embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay between 10 days and 14 days. In another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay between 14 days and 21 days. In yet another embodiment, the delay in flowering is a delay between 21 days and 28 days.
In some aspects, the improved effect comprises controlling of cannabis plant physiological development. Control of cannabis plant physiological development can be evaluated according to methods commonly utilized in the art. In one aspect, controlling of cannabis plant physiological development is a delay in physiological development. In another aspect, the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the germination stage of the cannabis plant. In yet another aspect, the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the seedling stage of the cannabis plant. In another aspect, the delay of physiological development is an extended duration of the vegetative stage of the cannabis plant.
In various embodiments, the improved effect is a change in a cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant. In one embodiment, the change in the cannabinoid concentration is an increase in the cannabinoid concentration. In another embodiment, the change in the cannabinoid concentration is a decrease in the cannabinoid concentration. A change in a cannabinoid concentration can be evaluated according to methods commonly utilized in the art.
In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). In another embodiment, the cannabinoid is THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid). In yet another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBD (cannabidiol). In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBDA (cannabidiolic acid). In another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBN (cannabinol). In yet another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBG (cannabigerol). In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBC (cannabichromene). In another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBL (cannabicyclol). In yet another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBV (cannabivarin). In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin). In another embodiment, the cannabinoid is THCP (tetrahydrocannabiphorol). In yet another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBDV (cannabidivarin). In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBCV (cannabichromevarin). In another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBGV (cannabigerovarin). In yet another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBGM (cannabigerol monomethyl ether). In one embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBE (cannabielsoin). In another embodiment, the cannabinoid is CBT (cannabicitran).
In some aspects, the method further comprises the step of administering a second composition to the cannabis plant. In certain aspect, the second composition is administered to the cannabis plant to induce flowering. In one aspect, the second composition is gibberellic acid. In another aspect, the second composition is ethephon. In yet another aspect, the second composition is ethylene.
In some aspects, the second composition is a calcium-containing composition. In one embodiment, the calcium-containing composition the calcium-containing composition is calcium chloride. In another embodiment, the calcium-containing composition is calcium nitrate. In yet another embodiment, the calcium-containing composition comprises calcium ions.
In some embodiments, the second composition (or, alternatively, a third composition, a fourth composition, etc. if multiple other compositions are administered) comprises a volatile compound. In certain aspects, the volatile compound is a benzoxaborole. In some embodiments, the volatile compound of the invention has a structure of formula (I), (II), or (III):
Figure imgf000066_0001
wherein ql and q2 are independently 1, 2, or 3; q3 = 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
M is hydrogen, halogen, -OCH3, or -CH2-O-CH2-O-CH3;
M1 is halogen, -CH2OH, or -OCth; X is O, S, or NRlc, wherein Rlc is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted alkyl;
R1, Rla, Rlb, R2, and R5 are independently hydrogen, OH, NH2, SH, CN, NO2, SO2, OSO2OH, OSO2NH2, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; R* is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted vinyl; with a proviso that when M is F, R* is not a member selected from:
Figure imgf000067_0001
and with a proviso that when M is Cl, R* is not a member selected from:
Figure imgf000067_0002
and with a proviso that when M is hydrogen, R* is not a member selected from:
Figure imgf000067_0003
Figure imgf000068_0001
wherein s = 1 or 2; and R3 and R4 are independently methyl or ethyl; and with a provision that when M is OCH3, R* is not a member selected from:
Figure imgf000068_0002
and with a provision that when M1 is F, R* is not a member selected from:
Figure imgf000068_0003
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In one embodiment, the R* has a structure selected from:
Figure imgf000068_0004
wherein X is a member selected from CH=CH, N=CH, NR14, O and S; wherein R14 is a member selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl and substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl;
Y is a member selected from CH and N;
R17 and R18 are members independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, (CH2)vOH, (CH2)WNR15R16, CO2H, CO2-alkyl, CONH2, S-alkyl, S-aryl, SO-alkyl, SO-aryl, SO2-alkyl, SO2-aryl, SO2H, SCF2, CN, halogen, CF3 and NO2; wherein R15 and R16 are members independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl; v =1, 2, or 3; and w = 0, 1, 2, or 3.
In another embodiment, the R* has the following structure:
Figure imgf000069_0001
wherein R17, R18, R19, R20, and R21 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-yl, (CH2)tOH, CO2H, CO2- alkyl, CONH2, CONH-alkyl, CON(alkyl)2, OH, SH, S-alkyl, S-aryl, SO-alkyl, SO-aryl, SO2-alkyl, SO2-aryl, SO2H, SCF3, CN, halogen, CF3, NO2, (CH2)UNR22R23, SO2NH2, OCH2CH2NH2, OCH2CH2NH-alkyl and OCH2CH2N(alkyl)2; wherein t = 1, 2 or 3; u = 0, 1, or 2;
R22 and R23 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl.
In another embodiment, the R* has the following structure:
Figure imgf000069_0002
wherein R17, R18, R19, R20, and R21 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-yl, (CH2)tOH, CO2H, CO2- alkyl, CONH2, CONH-alkyl, CON(alkyl)2, OH, SH, S-alkyl, S-aryl, SO-alkyl, SO-aryl, SO2-alkyl, SO2-aryl, SO2H, SCF3, CN, halogen, CF3, NO2, (CH2)UNR22R23, SO2NH2, OCH2CH2NH2, OCH2CH2NH-alkyl and OCH2CH2N(alkyl)2; wherein t = 1, 2 or 3; u = 0, l, or2;
R22 and R23 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl;
R24 and R25 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-yl, (CH2),OH, CChH, CCh-alkyl, CONH2, CONH-alkyl, CON(alkyl)2, OH, SH, 8- alkyl, S-aryl, SO-alkyl, SO-aryl, SOz-alkyl, SOz-aryl, SO3H, SCF3, CN, halogen, CF3, NO?, (CH2)UNR22R23, SChNHi, OCH2CH2NH2, OCH2CH2NH-alkyl and OCH2CH2N(alkyl)2;
Z = l, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Additional volatile compounds are also disclosed previously in U.S. Patent No. 8,106,031, and International Patent Application WO 2007/131072A2, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In some embodiments, the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (IV):
Figure imgf000070_0001
wherein A and D together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered fused ring which may be substituted by Ci-Ce -alkyl, Ci-Ce -alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, nitro, nitrile, amino, amino substituted by one or more Ci-Ce -alkyl groups, carboxy, acyl, aryloxy, carbonamido, carbonamido substituted by Ci-C-6 -alkyl, sulfonamide or trifluoromethyl or the fused ring may link two oxaborole rings;
X is a group -CR7R8 wherein R7 and R8 are each independently hydrogen, Ci-Ca -alkyl, nitrile, nitro, aryl, arylalkyl or R7 and R8 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form an alicyclic ring; and
R6 is hydrogen, Ci-Cis -alkyl, Ci-Cis -alkyl substituted by Ci-Ce -alkoxy, Ci-Ce - alkylthio, hydroxy, amino, amino substituted by Ci-Cis -alkyl, , carboxy, aryl, aryloxy, carbonamido, carbonamido substituted by Ci-Ce -alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, Ci-Cis -alkyleneamino, Ci-Cis -alkyleneamino substituted by phenyl, Ci-Ce -alkoxy or Ci-Ce -alkylthio, carbonyl alkyleneamino or a radical of formula (V):
69
Figure imgf000071_0001
wherein A, D and X are as defined herein before except for boronophthalide; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In one embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (IX):
Figure imgf000071_0002
wherein A, D, and X are defined as above;
Y is a divalent alkylene linking group containing up to 18 carbon atoms or a divalent alkylene linking group containing up to 18 carbon atoms which is substituted by phenyl, Ci-Ce alkoxy, Ci-Ce -alkylthio; carbonyl alkylene amino; and
R3 and R4 are each, independently, hydrogen, Ci-Cis -alkyl or phenyl or R3 together with Y or part of Y forms a 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring containing the nitrogen atom.
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (X):
Figure imgf000071_0003
wherein A, D, and X are defined as above; n is 1, 2, or 3;
R3 is hydrogen, Ci-Cis -alkyl or phenyl; and
R5 and R6 are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl containing up to a total of 16 carbon atoms or phenyl.
Additional volatile compounds are also disclosed previously in U.S. Patent No.
5,880,188, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In another aspect, the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (VI):
Figure imgf000072_0001
wherein each R is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkene, alkyne, haloalkyl, haloalkene, haloalkyne, alkoxy, alkeneoxy, haloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkene, arylalkyne, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkene, heteroarylalkyne, halogen, hydroxyl, nitrile, amine, ester, carboxylic acid, ketone, alcohol, sulfide, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfoximine, sulfilimine, sulfonamide, sulfate, sulfonate, nitroalkyl, amide, oxime, imine, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, hydrazone, carbamate, thiocarbamate, urea, thiourea, carbonate, aryloxy, or heteroaryloxy; n = 1, 2, 3, or 4;
B is boron;
X = (CR2)m where m = 1, 2, 3, or 4;
Y is alkyl, alkene, alkyne, haloalkyl, haloalkene, haloalkyne, alkoxy, alkeneoxy, haloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkene, arylalkyne, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkene, heteroarylalkyne, hydroxyl, nitrile, amine, ester, carboxylic acid, ketone, alcohol, sulfide, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfoximine, sulfilimine, sulfonamide, sulfate, sulfonate, nitroalkyl, amide, oxime, imine, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, hydrazone, carbamate, thiocarbamate, urea, thiourea, carbonate, aryloxy, or heteroaryloxy; with a proviso that R is not aryloxy or heteroaryloxy when Y is hydroxyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In one embodiment, the volatile compound has a structure of formula (VII):
Figure imgf000072_0002
wherein W = (CH2)q where q is 1, 2, or 3.
In another embodiment, the volatile compound has a structure of
Figure imgf000072_0003
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (VIII):
Figure imgf000073_0001
wherein Rfl is CN, C(O)NR9R10, or C(O)ORn wherein R11 is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted alkyl,
X is N, CH and CRfo;
Rfo is halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C(O)R12, C(O)OR12, OR12, NR12R13, wherein R9, R10, R12, and R13 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; with a proviso that R9 and R10, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are optionally combined to form a 4- to 8-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring; and with a proviso that R12 and R13, together with the atoms to which they are attached, are optionally combined to form a 4- to 8-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In one embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (XI):
Figure imgf000073_0002
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000073_0003
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000074_0001
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000074_0002
In one embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (XII):
Figure imgf000074_0003
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000074_0004
wherein R3 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000075_0001
wherein R3 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000075_0002
wherein R3 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
In one embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (XIII):
Figure imgf000075_0003
wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000075_0004
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000076_0001
wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000076_0002
wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.
In one embodiment, Rb is selected from fluorine and chlorine. In another embodiment, Rb is selected from OR26 and NR27R28. In another embodiment when Rb is OR26, R26 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment when Rb is OR26, R26 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In another embodiment when Rb is OR26, R26 is unsubstituted Ci-Ce alkyl. In another embodiment when Rb is OR26, R26 is unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In another embodiment when Rb is OR26, R26 is alkyl, substituted with a member selected from substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Ce alkoxy. In another embodiment when Rb is OR26, R26 is alkyl, substituted with at least one halogen. In another embodiment when Rb is OR26, R26 is alkyl, substituted with at least one oxo moiety.
In another embodiment when Rb is OR26, R26 is a member selected from -CH3, - CH2CH3, -(CH2)2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CF3, -CH2CHF2, -CH2CH2(OH), -CH2CH2(OCH3), - CH2CH2(OC(CH3)2), -C(O)CH3, -CH2CH2OC(O)CH3, -CH2C(O)OCH2CH3, -
CH2C(O)OC(CH3)3, -(CH2)3C(O)CH3, -CH2C(O)OC(CH3)3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
Figure imgf000077_0001
In another embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 and R28 are members independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 is H or unsubstituted alkyl; and R28 is unsubstituted alkyl or alkyl substituted with a member selected from hydroxyl, phenyl, unsubstituted alkoxy and alkoxy substituted with a phenyl. In a further embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 is H or CH3.
In another embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 and R28 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In another embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R28 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In another embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R28 is alkyl, substituted with a member selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy and hydroxyl. In another embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R28 is alkyl, substituted with unsubstituted alkoxy. In another embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R28 is alkyl, substituted with alkoxy, substituted with phenyl. In another embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R28 is alkyl, substituted with unsubstituted alkoxy. In another embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 and R28 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are combined to form a 4- to 8-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring. In another embodiment when Rb is NR27R28, R27 and R28 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are combined to form a 5- or 6-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring.
In another embodiment, Rb is selected from N(CH3)2, N(CH3)(CH2CH2(OCH3)), N(CH3)(CH2CH2OH), NH2, NHCH3, NH(CH2CH2(OCH3)), NH(CH2CH2(OCH2Ph), NH(CH2Ph), NH(C(CH3)3) and NH(CH2CH2OH). In another embodiment, Rb is selected
Figure imgf000077_0002
Additional volatile compounds are also disclosed previously in U.S. Patent No. 8,039,450, and patent application publication US 2009/0291917, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In one aspect, the volatile compound of the invention has the structure of formula (A):
RA - LA - G - LB - RB (A), wherein each of RA and RB is independently a radical comprising an oxaborole moiety;
R each of LA and LB is independently -O- or N ; each of R and R’ is independently hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci-is -alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic moiety; and
G is a substituted or unsubstituted Ci-i8 -alkylene, arylalkylene, arylene, or heterocyclic moiety; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In one embodiment, the volatile compound has use against pathogens affecting meats, plants, or plant parts, comprising contacting the meats, plants, or plant parts. In another embodiment, the - LA - G - LB - portion of formula (A) is derived from a diol or diamine compound. In a further embodiment, the diol compound is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene glycol; 1,2-propylene glycol; 1,3 -propylene glycol; 1,1, 2, 2- tetramethyl- 1,2- ethylene glycol; 2, 2-dimethyl-l,3-propylene glycol; 1 ,6-hexanediol; 1,10-decanediol; and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the diamine compound is 1,2-ethylene diamine; 1,3-propylene diamine; or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, LA and LB are identical. In another embodiment, LA and LB are different. In another embodiment, each of LA and LB is independently -O- or -NH-. In another embodiment, LA and LB are identical. In another embodiment, LA and LB are different.
In another embodiment, the - LA - G - LB - portion of formula (A) comprises asymmetrical functional groups (i.e., asymmetrical bridges). In a further embodiment, the - LA - G - LB - portion of formula (A) comprises one hydroxyl group and one amine group. In a further embodiment, the - LA - G - LB - portion of formula (A) comprises an amino alcohol. In another embodiment, G is a substituted or unsubstituted Ci-8 -alkylene. In a further embodiment, G is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 -alkylene. In a further embodiment, G is selected from -CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, and -CH2-CH2-CH2-.
In another embodiment, each of RA and RB is independently derived from the group consisting of 5-fluoro-l,3-dihydro-l-hydroxy-2,l-benzoxaborole; 5 -chloro- 1,3 -dihydro- l-hydroxy-2,l-benzoxaborole; l,3-dihydro-l-hydroxy-2,l-benzoxaborole; and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, RA and RB are identical. In another embodiment, RA and RB are different.
In another embodiment, at least one of RA and RB is selected from formula (B),
Figure imgf000079_0001
wherein ql and q2 are independently 1, 2, or 3; q3 = 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
B is boron;
M is hydrogen, halogen, -OCH3, or -CH2-O-CH2-O-CH3;
M1 is halogen, -CH2OH, or-OCTH;
X is O, S, or NRlc, wherein Rlc is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted alkyl; R1, Rla, Rlb, R2, and R5 are independently hydrogen, OH, NH2, SH, CN, NO2, SO2, OSO2OH, OSO2NH2, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Additional oxaborole moieties are also disclosed previously in U.S. Patent No. 8,106,031, and International Patent Application WO 2007/131072A2, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In another embodiment, at least one of RA and RB has a structure of formula (F):
Figure imgf000079_0002
wherein A and D together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5, 6, or 7-membered fused ring which may be substituted by C1-6 -alkyl, C1-6 -alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, nitro, nitrile, amino, amino substituted by one or more C1-6 -alkyl groups, carboxy, acyl, aryloxy, carbonamido, carbonamido substituted by C1-6 -alkyl, sulphonamide or trifluoromethyl or the fused ring may link two oxaborole rings; B is boron;
X1 is a group -CR7R8 wherein R7 and R8 are each independently hydrogen, C1-6 -alkyl, nitrile, nitro, aryl, aralkyl or R7 and R8 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form an alicyclic ring; and and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In some embodiments, the compound
Figure imgf000080_0001
Figure imgf000080_0002
agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.
Additional oxaborole moieties are also disclosed previously in U.S. Patent No.
5,880,188, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In another embodiment, at least one of RA and RB is selected from formula (E) or
(G):
Figure imgf000080_0003
wherein each R6 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkene, alkyne, haloalkyl, haloalkene, haloalkyne, alkoxy, alkeneoxy, haloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkene, arylalkyne, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkene, heteroarylalkyne, halogen, hydroxyl, nitrile, amine, ester, carboxylic acid, ketone, alcohol, sufide, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfoximine, sulfilimine, sulfonamide, sulfate, sulfonate, nitroalkyl, amide, oxime, imine, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, hydrazone, carbamate, thiocarbamate, urea, thiourea, carbonate, aryloxy, or heteroaryloxy; n = 1, 2, 3, or 4;
B is boron;
X2 = (CR62)m where m = 1, 2, 3, or 4; or
Figure imgf000080_0004
wherein R9 is CN, C(O)NRnR12, or C(O)OR3 wherein R3 is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted alkyl, X3 is N, CH and CR10;
R10 is halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C(O)R14, C(O)OR14, OR14, NR14R15, wherein each of R11, R12, R14, and R15 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In a further embodiment when at least one of RA and RB has a structure of formula (G), R9 is CN and R10 is Rb.
In another embodiment, at least one of RA and RB has a structure selected from:
Figure imgf000081_0001
In another embodiment, at least one of RA and RB has a structure selected from:
Figure imgf000081_0002
Figure imgf000082_0001
In another embodiment when at least one of RA and RB has a structure of formula (G), R9 is -COOR3 and R10 is Rb.
In another embodiment, at least one of RA and RB has a structure selected from:
Figure imgf000082_0002
In another embodiment, at least one of RA and RB has a structure selected from:
Figure imgf000082_0003
In another embodiment, at least one of RA and RB has a structure selected from:
Figure imgf000082_0004
Figure imgf000083_0001
In another embodiment when at least one of RA and RB has a structure of formula (G), R9 is -CONR1 R2 and R10 is Rb.
In another embodiment, each of RA and RB is independently selected from formula (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), or (G).
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000083_0002
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000083_0003
In another embodiment, the volatile compound of the invention is selected from:
Figure imgf000083_0004
Figure imgf000084_0001
In one embodiment, Rb is selected from fluorine and chlorine. In another embodiment, Rb is selected from OR20 and NR21R22. In another embodiment when Rb is OR20, R20 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment when Rb is OR20, R20 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In another embodiment when Rb is OR20, R20 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl. In another embodiment when Rb is OR20, R20 is unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In another embodiment when Rb is OR20, R20 is alkyl, substituted with a member selected from substituted or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkoxy. In another embodiment when Rb is OR20, R20 is alkyl, substituted with at least one halogen. In another embodiment when Rb OR20, R20 is alkyl, substituted with at least one oxo moiety.
In another embodiment when Rb is OR20, R20 is a member selected from -CH3, - CH2CH3, -(CH2)2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CF3, -CH2CHF2, -CH2CH2(OH), -CH2CH2(OCH3), - CH2CH2(OC(CH3)2), -C(O)CH3, -CH2CH2OC(O)CH3, -CH2C(O)OCH2CH3, - CH2C(O)OC(CH3)3, -(CH2)3C(O)CH3, -CH2C(O)OC(CH3)3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
Figure imgf000084_0002
In another embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 and R22 are members independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 is H or unsubstituted alkyl; and R22 is unsubstituted alkyl or alkyl substituted with a member selected from hydroxyl, phenyl, unsubstituted alkoxy and alkoxy substituted with a phenyl. In a further embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 is H or CH3.
In another embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 and R22 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In another embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R22 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In another embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R22 is alkyl, substituted with a member selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy and hydroxyl. In another embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R22 is alkyl, substituted with unsubstituted alkoxy. In another embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R22 is alkyl, substituted with alkoxy, substituted with phenyl. In another embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 is unsubstituted alkyl; and R22 is alkyl, substituted with unsubstituted alkoxy. In another embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 and R22 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are combined to form a 4- to 8-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring. In another embodiment when Rb is NR21R22, R21 and R22 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are combined to form a 5- or 6-membered substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring.
In another embodiment, Rb is selected from N(CH3)2, N(CH3)(CH2CH2(OCH3)), N(CH3)(CH2CH2OH), NH2, NHCH3, NH(CH2CH2(OCH3)), NH(CH2CH2(OCH2Ph), NH(CH2Ph), NH(C(CH3)3) and NHiCIUCIUOH). In another embodiment, Rb is selected from
Figure imgf000085_0001
Additional oxaborole moieties are also disclosed previously in U.S. patent No. 8,039,450, and patent application publication US 2009/0291917, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In another embodiment, the volatile compound provided has a structure of formula (Al) or (A2):
Figure imgf000085_0002
wherein each of A1, A2, D1, and D2 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-is -alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic; or A1 and D1, or A2 and D2 together form a 5, 6, or 7-membered fused ring which is substituted or unsubstituted; each of R13, R16, R17, R18, and R19 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-6 -alkyl, nitrile, nitro, aryl or aryl alkyl; or R16 and R17, or R18 and R19 together form an alicyclic ring which is substituted or unsubstituted;
B is boron; and
G is a substituted or unsubstituted Ci-is -alkylene, arylalkylene, arylene, or heterocyclic moiety.
In another embodiment, each of RA and RB is independently
Figure imgf000086_0001
wherein X2 = (CR62)m and m = 1, 2, 3, or 4.
In another embodiment, each of RA and RB is independently
Figure imgf000086_0002
Additional oxaborole moieties are also disclosed previously in U.S. Patent No. 5,880,188, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, a system for controlling flowering of a cannabis plant is provided. The system comprises administration of an ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant to delay flowering of the cannabis plant, and administration of a second composition to the cannabis plant to induce flowering of the cannabis plant. The previously described embodiments of the various methods of treating a cannabis plant are applicable to the system for controlling flowering of a cannabis plant described herein.
EXAMPLE 1
Administration of Ethylene Inhibitor to Cannabis Plants in Field
A ten acre plot of cannabis plants was used for the instant example and 1-MCP was utilized as the exemplary ethylene inhibitor. Five acres of cannabis plants were treated with 1-MCP in a sprayable liquid formulation (2.5 acres were treated with 22.5g of 1-MCP/acre and 2.5 acres were treated with 120g 1-MCP/acre). The remaining five acres of cannabis plants were untreated. Thus, the treatment groups for the instant example were as follows:
Figure imgf000087_0001
Administration of 1-MCP to the cannabis plants occurred when pre-flowering of the cannabis plants was observed in the field. Thereafter, the timing of flowering of the various groups of cannabis plants was observed and recorded.
In the group of cannabis plants that was administered 22.5g of 1-MCP/acre, the pre-flowering was delayed compared to the group of cannabis plants that was untreated. Administration of 1-MCP in this treatment group slowed the pre-flowering in 5 to 7 days when compared to the untreated group.
In the group of cannabis plants that was administered 120g 1-MCP/acre, the preflowering was also delayed compared to the group of cannabis plants that was untreated. Administration of 1-MCP in this treatment group resulted in no flowering until 20 days after application of 1-MCP.
Approximately 20 days after 1-MCP application, flowering was induced for all cannabis plants in the ten acre plot due to an irrigation-based issue. Therefore, administration of 120g 1-MCP/acre could have delayed flowering of the cannabis plants to a time point that was longer than 20 days in duration. Further, administration of a second composition to the cannabis plant could also be utilized to induce flowering (e.g., gibberellic acid, ethephon, etc.).
It is known in the art that a delay in flowering of a cannabis plant can be utilized to increase vegetative growth and improve yields of cannabis plants or cannabis plant parts. For instance, hemp plants can grow 6 inches per week if they are not flowering. Therefore, the delay in flowering observed in the instant example is beneficial to cannabis plants that are treated with ethylene inhibitor.
EXAMPLE 2
Administration of Ethylene Inhibitor to Cannabis Plants in Greenhouse Trial #1
Cannabis plants in a greenhouse was used for the instant example and 1-MCP was utilized as the exemplary ethylene inhibitor. Cannabis plants in the greenhouse were treated with 1-MCP in a sprayable liquid formulation (9.5g of AFxRD038). Thereafter, the plants were transplanted to a field in Bend, Oregon.
Approximately 10 days after transplanting, cannabis plants that were treated with 1-MCP were observed to have greater lateral growth compared to untreated cannabis plants. For instance, cannabis plants treated with 1-MCP had about 6-7 inches of lateral growth compared to about 3 inches of lateral growth in untreated plants. These results demonstrate that the 1-MCP treated cannabis plants successfully adapted to the soil condition faster following transplantation. After 4 weeks, there was no visible difference between the 1-MCP treated plants and the untreated plants for the instant example.
EXAMPLE 3
Administration of Ethylene Inhibitor to Cannabis Plants in Greenhouse Trial #2
Cannabis plants in a greenhouse was used for the instant example and 1-MCP was utilized as the exemplary ethylene inhibitor. Cannabis plants in the greenhouse were treated with 1-MCP in a sprayable liquid formulation (38g of AFxRD038). Thereafter, the plants were transplanted to a field in California.
Approximately 10 days after transplanting, cannabis plants that were treated with 1-MCP were observed to have greater lateral growth compared to untreated cannabis plants. For instance, cannabis plants treated with 1-MCP had about two times lateral growth (i.e., double) compared to lateral growth in untreated plants. These results again demonstrate that the 1-MCP treated cannabis plants successfully adapted to the soil condition faster following transplantation. After 4 weeks in the instant example, the 1-MCP treated plants were visibly larger in size compared to the untreated plants. EXAMPLE 4
Administration of Ethylene Inhibitor to Post-Harvest Cannabis Plants and Plant Parts
Cannabis plants, following harvest, can be administered an ethylene inhibitor according to the present disclosure. In this example, a cannabis plant or a cannabis plant part can be administered an ethylene inhibitor at a time point after harvest. Benefits of the administration can be observed such as extended shelf life of the plants or plant parts.
EXAMPLE 5
Administration of Ethylene Inhibitor to Cannabis Plants to Control Flowering
Cannabis plants can be administered an ethylene inhibitor according to the present disclosure in order to control flowering. In this example, a cannabis plant can be administered an ethylene inhibitor to achieve control of cannabis plant flowering. When the control of cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering, a second composition can be administered according to the present disclosure in order to induce flowering. Benefits of the administration can be observed such improved effects associated with controlling or delaying the flowering.
EXAMPLE 6 Administration of Ethylene Inhibitor to Cannabis Plants to Improve Effects
Cannabis plants can be administered an ethylene inhibitor according to the present disclosure in order to improve various effects in the plants. In this example, a cannabis plant can be administered an ethylene inhibitor to improve effects such as controlling of cannabis plant physiological development and/or changing a cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant. Benefits of the administration can be observed such improved effects associated with cannabis plant physiological development. Further, an increase or a decrease in a particular cannabinoid concentration of the cannabis plant can be evaluated.
EXAMPLE 7
Administration of Ethylene Inhibitor to Cannabis Plants
Cannabis plants can be administered an ethylene inhibitor according to the present disclosure. In this example, hemp plants are administered an ethylene inhibitor to evaluate rates of application to evaluate flowering, yields, and cannabinoid concentrations.
Trials were conducted at the Horticultural Crops Research Station in Clinton, North Carolina. The day length sensitive floral hemp cultivar BaOx (“BX”) (Triangle Hemp, Durham, NC) and the autoflower cultivar Blackberry Punch Auto (“BB”) were used in the instant example.
For the instant example, 1-MCP was utilized as the ethylene inhibitor. Five application treatments were investigated: 30 g ai/ac 1-MCP, 60 g ai/ac 1-MCP, 120 g ai/ac 1- MCP, 2000 ppm 1-MCP, and a non-treated control. The 2000 ppm 1-MCP occurred during the seedling stage.
Five days prior to transplant, plants were placed in a Rubbermaid container with research tablets for 24 hours. For all 1-MCP treatment groups, application was made via a backpack sprayer at about the time of flower initiation. Plants were transplanted in-field on June 8. Application of 1-MCP occurred on June 24 for BB and July 26 for BX. Harvest occurred on July 8 for BB and September 20 for BX.
Experimental design was a full factorial (2 varieties x 5 application treatments) randomized complete block (n=4 blocks). Treatment plots contained seven plants spaced 4’ apart and 5’ between rows.
In-field data collection included plant height every other week following 1-MCP application, presence of male flowers, and date of flower initiation. Three plants per plot were harvested approximately 5 weeks after floral initiation, dried in a tobacco bulk curing barn at 46 °C and threshed by hand. Threshed biomass was weighed per plant and samples from two plants per plot were submitted for cannabinoid analysis.
The autoflower cultivar was observed to flower upon transplant, which is not uncommon in autoflower hemp species. While these plants are not sensitive to day length, stress can often can induce flowering. For this species, the stress of transplanting in mid-June was enough to induce flowering.
Tables 1 and 2 demonstrate the observations in yield between the cultivars and the various treatment groups.
Table 1. Individual plant threshed floral biomass
Figure imgf000091_0001
Table 2. Individual plant threshed floral biomass
Figure imgf000091_0002
Tables 3 and 4 demonstrate the observations in cannabinoid concentrations (total CBD, total THC, and total CBG) between the cultivars and the various treatment groups.
Table 3. Total Cannabinoid Concentrations
Figure imgf000092_0001
Table 4. Total Cannabinoid Concentrations
Figure imgf000092_0002
Tables 5, 6, and 7 demonstrate the observations in plant height between the cultivars and the various treatment groups. Plant height data were only collected once for BB and three times for BX.
Table 5. Plant Height for BaOx
Figure imgf000092_0003
Table 6. Plant Height for BaQx
Figure imgf000093_0001
Table 7. Plant Height for Blackberry Punch Auto
Figure imgf000093_0002

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor, said method comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor controls flowering of the cannabis plant.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabis plant is hemp.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cannabis plant is marijuana.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), silver thiosulfate (STS), 2,5- norbornadiene, 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), transcyclooctene, 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene (DMCP), Co2+, and nuclear localization signal octapeptide 1 (NOP-1).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method provides an improvement in yield, and wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant or an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling cannabis plant flowering is a delay in flowering.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises the step of administering a second composition to the cannabis plant.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second composition is administered to the cannabis plant to induce flowering.
11. A method of treating a cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor, said method comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant to achieve an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).
93
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in yield, and wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in flower production of the cannabis plant.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in yield, and wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in yield, and wherein the improvement in yield is an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant.
16. A method of treating a pre-transplant cannabis plant with an ethylene inhibitor, said method comprising the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the pretransplant cannabis plant and further comprising a step of subsequently transplanting the cannabis plant, wherein the ethylene inhibitor provides an improved effect on the cannabis plant or a part of the cannabis plant.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the ethylene inhibitor is 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of administration is performed in a greenhouse.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of administering the ethylene inhibitor to the cannabis plant is performed via a treatment selected from the group consisting of a gas treatment, a spray treatment, a fog treatment, a smoke treatment, a drench treatment, a dip treatment, a flood treatment, a drip irrigation treatment, a sprinkler treatment, and any combination thereof.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the improved effect is an improvement in yield, wherein the improvement in yield is selected from the group consisting of an increase in flower production of the cannabis plant, an increase in fiber production of the cannabis plant, and an increase in cannabinoid production of the cannabis plant.
94
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