WO2022090491A1 - Actionneur et ensemble optique doté d'un actionneur - Google Patents

Actionneur et ensemble optique doté d'un actionneur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022090491A1
WO2022090491A1 PCT/EP2021/080172 EP2021080172W WO2022090491A1 WO 2022090491 A1 WO2022090491 A1 WO 2022090491A1 EP 2021080172 W EP2021080172 W EP 2021080172W WO 2022090491 A1 WO2022090491 A1 WO 2022090491A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
actuator
optical
optical element
contact point
attachment point
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/080172
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marcel GÜLTIG
Hinnerk Oßmer
Christof Megnin
Original Assignee
Memetis Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Memetis Gmbh filed Critical Memetis Gmbh
Publication of WO2022090491A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022090491A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/08—Shutters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • F03G7/061—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element
    • F03G7/0614—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element using shape memory elements
    • F03G7/06143—Wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • F03G7/066—Actuator control or monitoring
    • F03G7/0665—Actuator control or monitoring controlled displacement, e.g. by using a lens positioning actuator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an actuator, an optics assembly comprising at least one actuator and a camera.
  • actuators In technical devices, electric motors or electromagnetic lifting actuators (coils) are usually used as actuators for manipulating a beam path, such as iris diaphragms. In such devices, there is often very little installation space available.
  • the types of actuators mentioned usually have a cylindrical geometry and thus a certain size in three spatial directions. Due to their physical functional principle, these cannot be miniaturized at will.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an actuator for moving an optical element, an optical assembly with an actuator and a camera which at least partially overcome the disadvantages and limitations of the prior art.
  • the actuator, the optics assembly and the camera should have a compact design and allow an optical element to be moved in a simple manner.
  • the expression "A has B”, “A has B”, “A comprises B” or “A includes B” can both refer to the situation in which, apart from B, there is no other element in A ( ie to a situation in which A consists exclusively of B), as well as to the situation in which, in addition to B, there are one or more other elements in A, e.g. element C, elements C and D or even further elements.
  • the terms “at least one” and “one or more” as well as grammatical variations of these terms, if they are used in connection with one or more elements or features and are intended to express that the element or feature is provided once or several times can generally only be used once, for example when the feature or element is introduced for the first time. If the feature or element is subsequently mentioned again, the corresponding term “at least one” or “one or more” is usually no longer used, without restricting the possibility that the feature or element can be provided once or more than once.
  • the present invention relates to an actuator for moving at least one optical element.
  • the actuator includes at least a first attachment point and a second attachment point.
  • the first attachment point and the second attachment point are designed to attach the actuator to a frame, which is designed to movably attach the optical element.
  • the actuator also includes at least one contact point for connection, in particular direct or indirect connection, to the optical element.
  • the contact point is located between the first attachment point and the second attachment point.
  • the actuator can be fastened to the frame and connected to the optical element in such a way that the actuator and the optical element are prestressed against one another.
  • the actuator further includes a first actuator portion connected to the first attachment point and the contact point.
  • the actuator further includes a second actuator portion connected to the second attachment point and the contact point.
  • the actuator is planar and made of a shape memory material.
  • the contact point is movable at least between a first position and a second position different from the first position.
  • a movement trajectory of the contact point can be essentially parallel to a movement trajectory of the optical element. If the actuator is indirectly connected to the at least one optical element by means of a coupling element, a movement trajectory of the contact point can be essentially parallel to a movement trajectory of the coupling element.
  • the actuator By designing the actuator in a planar form, it is significantly flatter compared to conventional electric motors or electromagnetic lifting actuators, such as coils. Compared to conventional shape memory actuators in wire form, a planar actuator has a significantly greater travel range with the same installation space. Compared to conventional shape memory actuators in the form of spiral springs, a planar actuator is significantly flatter with the same travel. In addition, the planar design enables more efficient heat dissipation and thus faster switching than a wire, and a loop-shaped design of the attachment points and the contact point saves time-consuming crimping of wires and allows the actuator to be positioned or installed more precisely. The actuator according to the invention therefore requires less installation space in a device for manipulating a beam path.
  • the actuator can be moved into a number of stable or metastable positions in a well-controlled or targeted manner by applying a corresponding electrical current.
  • the fact that the actuator can be fastened to at least two fastening points allows safe and simple assembly.
  • possible play between the actuator and the optical element can be minimized or eliminated in this way. avoid. Since the optical element and the actuator are connected to one another at the contact point, they are mechanically coupled and the contact point can be moved along a trajectory, ie the actuator and the optical element move synchronously or together.
  • the actuator can be fastened in or on the frame in such a way that the optical element and the actuator are prestressed against one another.
  • the prestressing is in particular a mechanical prestressing.
  • the preload can be achieved by a spring-elastic effect on the actuator.
  • the optical element can be formed integrally with a spring element or can be connected to a spring element, which causes a preload in the direction of the first position of the contact point.
  • the prestress can be realized, for example, by the actuator being displaceable from its original position into a first position by shifting the contact point along the trajectory of the contact point, and the spring element being prestressed from its rest or initial position.
  • the actuator is thus designed in such a way that it can move the optical element or the contact point against the prestress into a second position, which lies on the trajectory of the contact point between the position of the first position and the original position.
  • the optical element is moved in a precise position along its target movement path by the actuator.
  • the actuator By coordinating the movement trajectories of the optical element and the contact point of the actuator, it can be achieved that the force and travel of the actuator can be used as completely as possible for the adjustment movement of the optical element. A high electromechanical coupling or a high degree of efficiency is thus achieved. In this way, actuator size and power consumption can be optimized or minimized.
  • actuator as used herein is a broad term that should be given its ordinary and current meaning as understood by those skilled in the art. The term is not limited to any specific or adapted meaning. The term can, without limitation, refer in particular to a component or assemblies that convert an electrical signal, such as commands issued by a control computer, into mechanical movements or changes in physical quantities such as pressure or temperature and thus actively intervene in the controlled process .
  • motion trajectory is a broad term that should be given its ordinary and current meaning as understood by those skilled in the art.
  • the term is not limited to any specific or adapted meaning.
  • the term may refer, without limitation, to a path or path, which is the course of the curve in space along which a body or a point, e.g the center of gravity of a rigid body, moves.
  • the trajectory is a curve in n-dimensional phase space.
  • shape memory material is a broad term which should be given its ordinary and current meaning as understood by those skilled in the art. The term is not limited to any specific or adapted meaning. The term may refer, without limitation, in particular to a material that has the property of changing from a deformed state (temporary shape) to its original (impressed during manufacture and thereafter permanent) shape induced by an external stimulus (trigger), such as a change in temperature, for example.
  • shape memory materials can be shape memory polymers or shape memory alloys. Shape memory alloys are special metals that can exist in two different crystal structures, each with a different degree of lattice symmetry. They are also often referred to as memory metals.
  • shape memory alloys can exhibit two different crystallographic structures (phases).
  • the shape transformation is based on the temperature-dependent lattice transformation to one of these two crystal structures (allotropic transformation). There is usually the high-temperature phase called austenite and the martensite (low-temperature phase). Both can transform into one another due to temperature changes.
  • Shape-memory polymers are plastics that have a shape-memory effect, i.e. they can apparently “remember” their previous external shape despite a strong transformation in the meantime.
  • planar as used herein is a broad term which should be given its ordinary and current meaning as understood by those skilled in the art. The term is not limited to any specific or adapted meaning.
  • the term can, without limitation, relate in particular to a planar and/or planar shape.
  • the planar component has a thickness or height that is significantly smaller than its width and/or length. Significantly smaller is to be understood as smaller by at least a factor of 5 and preferably at least a factor of 10 and even more preferably at least a factor of 20.
  • the actuator has a thickness or height that is smaller than its width or height by at least a factor of 5 and preferably at least a factor of 10 and even more preferably at least a factor of 20.
  • the stated dimensions relate to the actuator as a whole and do not necessarily apply to individual areas or sections of the actuator.
  • the term "substantially parallel” as used herein is a broad term that should be given its ordinary and current meaning as understood by those skilled in the art. The term is not limited to any specific or adapted meaning. In particular, the term may, without limitation, refer to an extension that deviates by no more than 20°, preferably no more than 15°, and more preferably no more than 10° degrees from an exactly parallel orientation.
  • optical element as used herein is a broad term that should be given its ordinary and ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art. The term is not limited to any specific or adapted meaning. The term can, without limitation, refer in particular to a movable element or component in the field of technical optics. In the case of sensitive or transparent parts such as lenses or filters, the term “optical element” can refer to the transparent part as well as a mount that can be attacked by springs, bearings and/or actuators, etc. The optical element can thus be a movable component of an optical device.
  • Such optical devices include a large number of optical elements, in particular radiation source, lens, Fresnel zone plate, filter, plane plates, wave plate, mirror, prism, diffraction grating, diaphragm, receiver, such as projection surface, film plane, radiation detector.
  • optical elements in particular radiation source, lens, Fresnel zone plate, filter, plane plates, wave plate, mirror, prism, diffraction grating, diaphragm, receiver, such as projection surface, film plane, radiation detector.
  • the first actuator section and the second actuator section can be designed in such a way that a force development of the actuator is essentially parallel to a movement trajectory of the contact point. Accordingly, the majority of the force development occurs along the movement trajectory and not in the direction of the attachment points. This minimizes the effort required to move the optical element. Furthermore, a saving in installation space and/or a saving in the energy supply can also be achieved here.
  • the actuator can be designed to move the contact point within a single plane.
  • the plane preferably extends parallel to a width and length of the actuator. The actuator thus requires little installation space to move the optical element.
  • the plane can also be parallel to a plane of movement of the optical element.
  • the actuator can be designed to be connected to a power source.
  • the contact point can be movable at least between the first position if no current is applied to the actuator and the second position if current is applied to the actuator. corresponding Accordingly, the movement of the actuator can be controlled by means of a power supply. It goes without saying that the contact point can also be moved into intermediate positions between the first position and the second position depending on the current applied.
  • power source is a broad term that should be given its ordinary and current meaning as understood by those skilled in the art. The term is not limited to any specific or adapted meaning.
  • the term can, without limitation, refer in particular to an energy converter that provides electrical energy for a (closed) circuit.
  • the electrical energy is preferably an electrical current.
  • a power source represents an active two-pole network that supplies an electric current at its connection points.
  • the amperage depends only slightly or not at all on the electrical voltage at its connection points.
  • the electrical energy can be an electrical voltage that causes a current to flow.
  • the first attachment point and/or the second attachment point can be designed for connection to the power source. As a result, additional connection points for connecting to the power source can be avoided, which saves additional installation space.
  • the contact point may be stepwise or continuously movable to intermediate positions between the first position and the second position. Accordingly, the movement of the actuator can take place uniformly or in steps.
  • the first actuator portion may include a first meandering actuator portion located between the first attachment point and the contact point
  • the second actuator portion may include a second meandering actuator portion located between the second attachment point and the contact point.
  • meandering actuator sections have the advantage that they can expand further than a straight or axially expanded actuator and contract again. In this way, precise positioning movements can be carried out.
  • the first actuator portion may further include a first helical actuator portion connected to the first attachment point, the first helical actuator portion configured to rotate about the first attachment point.
  • the second actuator portion may further include a second helical actuator portion connected to the second attachment point, the second helical actuator portion configured to rotate about the second attachment point.
  • An orientation of the second meandering actuator section can differ from an orientation of the first meandering actuator section. The orientation is to be seen in the direction in which the meander loops are lined up next to one another. Due to the different orientations, lateral movements can also be implemented.
  • the orientations of the meandering Aktorab sections are chosen so that a specific movement trajectory is achieved and the force development is applied mainly in the direction of the trajectory. Furthermore, the orientation is chosen such that sections changed by the spiral Aktorab trajectories are compensated. When the actuator is deflected, one spiral-shaped actuator section becomes narrower, while the other spiral-shaped actuator section becomes wider.
  • the second meandering actuator section can be oriented essentially perpendicular to the first meandering actuator section. This allows a particularly precise position control.
  • substantially perpendicular is a broad term which should be given its ordinary and current meaning as understood by those skilled in the art.
  • the term is not limited to any specific or adapted meaning.
  • the term can, without limitation, refer to an extension that deviates by no more than 20°, preferably no more than 15° and even more preferably by no more than 10° degrees from a perfectly perpendicular orientation.
  • the first attachment point and the second attachment point may be arranged on an imaginary line that is substantially perpendicular to a movement trajectory of the contact point. This allows movements to be realized in directions perpendicular to one another.
  • the actuator can be designed to move a number of optical elements. This has the advantage that several optical elements can be moved with a single actuator, which saves further installation space by eliminating additional actuators. Furthermore, a synchronous movement of the optical elements can be guaranteed, e.g. to ensure a rotationally symmetrical iris aperture.
  • the actuator can have a plurality of contact points and more than two attachment points, with the contact points being designed for connection to an optical element in each case are, in each case an actuator section being arranged between each attachment point and each contact point. This allows several optical elements to be moved independently of one another or together.
  • the attachment points can be arranged in a regular pattern, in particular a rotationally symmetrical pattern. This simplifies the formation of the actuator.
  • the contact points can be independently moveable between their first position and their second position. This allows the optical elements to be moved in a targeted manner independently of one another.
  • the actuator can be isolated from the optical element. This avoids short circuits or undesired current flow.
  • the actuator has electrical insulation for electrical insulation from the optical element.
  • the optical element can have the electrical insulation.
  • the contact points may be moveable together between their first position and their second position. This leads to a concerted movement of the optical elements.
  • the actuator can have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m and preferably of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m. Accordingly, the actuator has a comparatively small thickness or height.
  • the first attachment point and the second attachment point can be designed in such a way that the actuator can be attached to the frame by means of an attachment element, in particular a rivet or screw. Accordingly, the actuator can be easily and reliably attached to the frame.
  • the actuator can be made from a nickel-titanium base alloy, in particular from NiTiCu, NiTi, NiTiFe or NiTiHf. Such materials are particularly well suited as shape memory material. Ti-rich NiTiCu is fatigue-free if the composition is right. NiTiHf can also be operated at high temperatures >100°C. NiTiFe has an R-phase and is therefore less fatigue-resistant than NiTi, but not as fatigue-resistant as NiTiCu.
  • the actuator can be produced by cathode sputtering or cold rolling and subsequent structuring. The subsequent structuring can take place by means of laser cutting, stamping, eroding or chemical processes such as etching. The actuator can thus be produced in large numbers and with a large variety of shapes.
  • the manufacturing process can be identified from the structure of the actuator's shape-memory material.
  • a cold-rolled actuator can be identified under the electron microscope by means of elongated grains with a preferred direction in the direction of rolling and can therefore be distinguished from other manufacturing processes.
  • An actuator produced by cathode sputtering on the other hand, can be recognized by its particularly fine grain size, possibly with a preferred direction perpendicular to the production plane, and by its particularly low proportion of foreign phases in the structure.
  • the actuator can be designed to linearly move or rotate the optical element. Accordingly, the actuator is flexible to allow different types of movements.
  • the optical element can be or have a diaphragm blade or a blade, a lens, a mirror, a beam splitter, a shutter or a filter. Accordingly, the actuator is suitable for moving a large number of different optical elements.
  • the present invention relates to an optics assembly.
  • the optics assembly comprises an actuator according to one of the embodiments described above or described below and at least one optical element.
  • the actuator is connected to the optical element via the contact point.
  • the actuator and the optical element are biased against each other. If the optics assembly has a plurality of optical elements, the actuator and one or more of the optical elements are prestressed against one another.
  • Such an optical assembly can be used to save space in many technical areas.
  • a camera such as a smartphone camera.
  • Other possible applications for such an optical assembly are satellites, space probes, digital cameras, mobile devices, endoscopes, microscopes, surgical instruments, sensors for drones, automotive (e.g. autonomous driving), security and surveillance technology, virtual reality glasses or "wearables”.
  • the optics assembly may further include a frame.
  • the actuator can be attached to the frame by means of the first attachment point and the second attachment point.
  • the optical element can be movably attached to the frame.
  • the entire optics assembly is thus designed to be comparatively flat or compact.
  • the actuator can be arranged within a plane of movement or a range of movement of the optical element.
  • the flat actuator can also be arranged laterally next to the optical element. This can be implemented in a space-saving manner if the essentially planar actuator is arranged, in particular, perpendicular to the plane of movement of the optical element or the optical elements.
  • the optical element can be linearly movably attached to the frame.
  • the optical element can be rotatably attached to the frame. Accordingly, the optical element can be moved in different ways.
  • the optical element can have a spring element, in particular a spiral spring element.
  • the optical element can be rotatably connected to the frame by means of the spring element. Thus, after a movement, the optical element can be moved back into its starting position by means of the spring, without an additional drive being required for this.
  • the spring element can be prestressed in relation to the first position and/or the second position of the contact point of the actuator.
  • the spring element is prestressed in such a way that it counteracts the force of the actuator and is at least sufficient to keep the actuator stable in the first, deflected position as long as it is not being energized. This can either be achieved by a balance of forces or the spring is stronger and keeps the optical element pressed against a stop that is not mentioned here.
  • a biasing force of the spring element can be adjustable.
  • the force-displacement behavior of the actuator and the preload and spring rate of the spring element are preferably coordinated in such a way that the actuator can move the optical element or the contact point of the actuator against the spring force into the second position, which is based on the movement trajectory of the Contact point between the position of the first position and the original position is before a deflection.
  • the spring force can be adjusted during manufacture, i.e. before the optics assembly is put into operation.
  • a prestressing force of the spiral spring element can be adjustable by means of a deflection of the optical element and/or by means of a rotation of the spring element.
  • the rotation can be implemented, for example, by means of a tool, such as a screwdriver.
  • the optical element can include a tab, such as a metal tab, by means of which the optical element can be connected to the contact point of the actuator. The optical element can thus be connected to the contact point by hooking it in, which requires very few work steps.
  • the tab may have a shoulder.
  • the shoulder can be designed to define the position of the contact point of the actuator.
  • the contact point can thus be precisely defined.
  • the optics assembly can also include a coupling element, with the actuator being connected to the at least one optical element by means of the coupling element.
  • the actuator can thus be connected to one or more optical elements.
  • the coupling element is used to couple multiple optical elements to a single actuator.
  • the respective connection points or connection areas from the actuator to the coupling element and from the coupling element to the optical element can differ from one another.
  • the actuator can be connected to one of the optical elements by means of the coupling element, which in turn is connected to a further optical element.
  • the optical elements are connected to one another in series and the actuator is only connected to one of the optical elements by means of the coupling element.
  • the coupling element can be slidably or rotatably mounted.
  • the coupling element thus allows a concerted or synchronous movement of the optical element and the contact point. This is particularly advantageous when multiple optical elements are to be moved synchronously.
  • the optics assembly may include multiple optical elements.
  • the optical elements can be arranged in one or more parallel element planes. In the case of a plurality of parallel element planes, at least one or more than one optical element can be arranged in each element plane.
  • the actuator and the optical element can be electrically insulated from one another by means of electrical insulation.
  • the actuator or preferably the optical element can have the electrical insulation.
  • the optics assembly may further include a power source.
  • the actuator can be connected to the power source, in particular by means of the first attachment point and/or the second attachment point.
  • the contact point can be movable at least between the first position if no current is applied to the actuator and the second position if current is applied to the actuator.
  • the optics assembly may further include multiple optical elements.
  • the actuator can have at least one contact point, more than two attachment points, and multiple actuator sections, the contact point being connected to at least one optical element, the contact point being connected to two actuator sections, in particular directly or indirectly connected. This allows several optical elements to be moved independently of one another or together.
  • the contact point can be connected to several optical elements. This allows several optical elements to be moved with a single actuator.
  • the optical elements do not all have to hang from the same contact point. Rather, they can be indirectly mechanically connected by a series of contact points and possibly an additional coupling element.
  • the optics assembly may further include a controller.
  • the controller can be designed to control the actuator for moving the optical elements.
  • the controller thus allows automatic control or regulation of the position of the optical element or optical elements.
  • the controller can have a number of switching elements, such as switches, microswitches or transistors, such as field effect transistors, in particular MOSFETs. This allows precise control of the switching elements to be implemented.
  • Each optical element can be moved individually by means of the switching elements. This means that each optical element can be moved exactly to its target position.
  • Adjacent attachment points can have an opposite polarity of a power supply, with the switching elements being connected to the attachment points. This allows electrical currents to be controlled in a targeted manner through the actuator.
  • a switching element is provided for each polarity.
  • the actuator and the optical elements can have a common electrical connection, with the controller for controlling the actuator being designed to move the optical elements together. Thus, a concerted or synchronous movement of the optical elements is realized.
  • the controller can be designed for successively energizing the Aktorab sections for moving the optical elements together.
  • the time intervals between the individual energized phases are as short as possible.
  • activation for the joint movement is based on the fact that the actuator sections are individually energized one after the other in a very short time. This then results in a joint movement, but they do not have to be energized at the same time, which allows calibration of the individual wings or slats and thus open-loop control.
  • the optical element can be or have a diaphragm blade or a blade, a lens, a mirror, a beam splitter, a shutter or a filter.
  • the optics assembly may further include at least one sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to generate an electrical signal that is proportional to a set position of the contact point or an amount of light impinging on the sensor.
  • the sensor can include an image sensor, a photodiode, a capacitive sensor, a Hall sensor or a resistive sensor.
  • the electrical resistance of the actuator made of shape memory alloy can also serve as a resistive sensor, which changes in a characteristic way depending on the actuator deflection ("self-sensing").
  • the optics assembly can be designed in particular as an iris diaphragm.
  • iris diaphragm is a broad term which should be given its ordinary and current meaning as understood by those skilled in the art. The term is not limited to any specific or adapted meaning. In particular, the term may refer, without limitation, to an aperture in applied optics with a variable aperture, the aperture of which can be varied while the center is fixed so that it remains approximately circular. Their function corresponds to the iris of the human eye, the technical construction of a central shutter.
  • the iris diaphragm consists of several slats that can be turned inwards or outwards together using a mechanism. Each slat is mounted on an axle.
  • the term “lamella” becomes synonymous with an iris diaphragm used for the term "optical element” or the optical element can be a lamella. All slats are connected to a ring via an additional axis so that they can move together. The more slats that are used, the better the opening can be brought closer to the circular shape during adjustment. An opening that is as circular as possible is important when blurring photography is used, since the aperture shape of the lens used influences the depth of field and thus the bokeh. Points outside of the focus area produce an area in the image that resembles the shape of the aperture, e.g. a hexagon if the iris is hexagonal.
  • the optics assembly may further include latching points and a latching element.
  • the latching element can be designed to hold the de-energized actuator in a plurality of latching positions between the first position and the second position of the contact point by engaging in the latching points.
  • the actuator and thus the optical element or the optical elements can be held multi-stable or bistable in a number of intermediate positions without energizing.
  • the optics assembly can thus be operated in a particularly energy-saving manner.
  • the locking positions can be used to ensure that certain end or intermediate positions of the optical element can be set particularly precisely and repeatedly. An example of this would be the "f-numbers" customary in photography, where adjacent opening steps of an iris diaphragm differ by a factor of 1.44 in the opening area.
  • the optics assembly can also include two actuators.
  • the two actuators can be connected to the at least one optical element in an antagonistic manner. This allows the optical element to move back and forth by selectively energizing the actuators.
  • the two antagonistic acting actuators can be manufactured as two separate components or as a unit. They can attack at a common contact point or at two separate contact points (on the optical element or on the coupling element).
  • the present invention relates to a camera, in particular a smartphone camera, which comprises an optics assembly according to one of the above embodiments or the embodiments described below.
  • a movement of the optical element can be controlled or regulated by means of at least one signal from the sensor.
  • the sensor can be designed to detect an amount of light.
  • the present disclosure includes the following embodiments:
  • Embodiment 1 actuator for moving at least one optical element, comprising at least a first attachment point and a second attachment point, wherein the first attachment point and the second attachment point are designed to attach the actuator to a frame, which is designed to movably attach the optical element, at least a contact point for connection, in particular direct or indirect connection, to the optical element, wherein the contact point is arranged between the first attachment point and the second attachment point, wherein the actuator can be attached to the frame and connected to the optical element in such a way that the actuator and the optical element are biased against each other, a first Aktorab section, which is connected to the first attachment point and the contact point, a second Aktorab section, which is connected to the second attachment point and the contact point, wherein the actuator is formed planar et and made of a shape memory material, the contact point being movable at least between a first position and a second position different from the first position.
  • Embodiment 2 Actuator according to the previous embodiment, wherein the first actuator section and the second actuator section are designed in such a way that a force development of the actuator is essentially parallel to a movement trajectory of the contact point.
  • Embodiment 3 Actuator according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the actuator is designed to move the contact point within a single plane.
  • Embodiment 4 Actuator according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the actuator is adapted to be connected to a power source, the contact point being at least between the first position if no power is applied to the actuator and the second position if power is applied to the actuator is, is movable.
  • Embodiment 5 actuator according to the previous embodiment, wherein the first attachment point and/or the second attachment point are designed for connection to the power source.
  • Embodiment 6 Actuator according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the contact point can be moved steplessly into intermediate positions between the first position and the second position.
  • Embodiment 7 Actuator according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first actuator section has a first meandering actuator section which is arranged between the first attachment point and the contact point, and the second actuator section has a second meandering actuator section which is arranged between the second attachment point and the contact point is arranged.
  • Embodiment 8 The actuator of the preceding embodiment, wherein the first actuator portion further includes a first helical actuator portion connected to the first attachment point, the first helical actuator portion is configured to rotate about the first attachment point, and the second actuator portion further includes a second helical actuator portion connected to the second attachment point, the second helical actuator portion being configured to rotate about the second attachment point.
  • Embodiment 9 actuator according to the preceding embodiment wherein an orientation of the second meandering actuator section differs from an orientation of the first meandering actuator section.
  • Embodiment 10 The actuator according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first attachment point and the second attachment point are arranged on an imaginary line that is substantially perpendicular to a movement trajectory of the contact point.
  • Embodiment 12 Actuator according to the previous embodiment, the actuator having a plurality of contact points and more than two attachment points, the contact points being designed for connection to one optical element each, with an actuator section being arranged between each attachment point and each contact point.
  • Embodiment 14 Actuator according to one of the two preceding embodiments, wherein the contact points can be moved independently of one another between their first position and their second position.
  • Embodiment 15 actuator according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the actuator is electrically insulated from the optical element.
  • Embodiment 16 Actuator according to one of the embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the contact points can be moved together between their first position and their second position.
  • Embodiment 17 Actuator according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the actuator has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m and preferably of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
  • Embodiment 20 actuator according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the actuator is produced by cathode sputtering or cold rolling and subsequent structuring, in particular laser cutting, etching, stamping or eroding.
  • Embodiment 21 actuator according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the actuator is designed for linear movement or for rotating the optical element.
  • Embodiment 22 Actuator according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the optical element is or has a diaphragm blade, a lens, a mirror, a beam splitter, a shutter or a filter.
  • Embodiment 23 Optical assembly comprising an actuator according to one of the preceding embodiments and at least one optical element, the actuator being connected to the optical element by means of the contact point, the actuator and the optical element being prestressed against one another.
  • Embodiment 24 The optics assembly according to the previous embodiment, further comprising a frame, wherein the actuator is attached to the frame by means of the first attachment point and the second attachment point, the optical element being movably attached to the frame.
  • Embodiment 25 Optical assembly according to the previous embodiment, wherein the optical element is linearly movable or rotatably attached to the frame.
  • Embodiment 26 Optical assembly according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the optical element has a spring element, in particular a spiral spring element, the optical element being rotatably connected to the frame by means of the spring element.
  • Embodiment 27 Optical assembly according to the previous embodiment, wherein the spring element is prestressed in relation to the first position and/or the second position of the contact point of the actuator.
  • Embodiment 28 Optical assembly according to the previous embodiment, wherein a prestressing force of the spring element is adjustable.
  • Embodiment 30 Optical assembly according to one of Embodiments 24 to 29, wherein the optical element comprises a tab, by means of which the optical element can be connected to the contact point of the actuator.
  • Embodiment 31 The optics assembly according to the previous embodiment, wherein the tab has a shoulder, the shoulder being configured to define the position of the contact point of the actuator.
  • Embodiment 32 Optical assembly according to one of Embodiments 24 to 39, further comprising a coupling element, wherein the actuator is connected to the at least one optical element by means of the coupling element.
  • Embodiment 33 Optical assembly according to the previous embodiment, wherein the coupling element is mounted in a rotatable or displaceable manner.
  • Embodiment 34 Optical assembly according to embodiment 32 or 34, further comprising a plurality of optical elements, wherein the optical elements are arranged in one or more parallel element planes.
  • Embodiment 35 Optical assembly according to one of embodiments 24 to 34, wherein the actuator and the optical element are electrically insulated from one another by means of electrical insulation, wherein the actuator or the optical element has the electrical insulation.
  • Embodiment 36 Optical assembly according to one of embodiments 24 to 35, further comprising a power source, wherein the actuator is connected to the power source, in particular by means of the first attachment point and/or the second attachment point, the contact point being at least between the first position if there is no current is applied to the actuator and the second position is movable if power is applied to the actuator.
  • Embodiment 37 Optical assembly according to any one of embodiments 24 to 36, further comprising a plurality of optical elements, the actuator having at least one contact point, more than two attachment points, and a plurality of actuator sections, the contact point being connected to at least one optical element, the contact point are each connected to two actuator sections, in particular are connected directly or indirectly.
  • Embodiment 38 Optical assembly according to the previous embodiment, wherein the contact point is connected to a plurality of optical elements.
  • Embodiment 39 Optical assembly according to the preceding embodiment, further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is designed to control the actuator for moving the optical elements.
  • Embodiment 41 Optical assembly according to the preceding embodiment, each optical element being individually movable by means of the switching elements.
  • Embodiment 42 Optical assembly according to the preceding embodiment, wherein adjacent attachment points have an opposite polarity of a power supply, wherein the switching elements are connected to the attachment points.
  • Embodiment 43 Optical assembly according to embodiment 40, wherein the actuator and the optical elements have a common electrical connection, wherein the controller for controlling the actuator is designed to move the optical elements together.
  • Embodiment 44 Optical assembly according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the controller for sequentially energizing the actuator sections is designed to move the optical elements together.
  • Embodiment 45 The optics assembly according to any one of embodiments 24 to 44, wherein the optical element is or comprises a diaphragm blade, lens, mirror, beam splitter, shutter or filter.
  • Embodiment 46 The optics assembly of any one of embodiments 24 to 45, further comprising at least one sensor, the sensor being configured to generate an electrical signal proportional to a set position of the contact point or an amount of light impinging on the sensor.
  • Embodiment 47 The optics assembly according to the previous embodiment, wherein the sensor comprises an image sensor, a photodiode, a capacitive sensor, a Hall sensor or a resistive sensor.
  • Embodiment 48 Optical assembly according to one of embodiments 24 to 47, further comprising latching points and a latching element, wherein the latching element is designed to hold the currentless actuator in a plurality of latching positions between the first position and the second position of the contact point by engaging in the latching points.
  • Embodiment 49 Optical assembly according to one of Embodiments 24 to 48, further comprising two actuators, wherein the two actuators are connected to the at least one optical element in an antagonistic manner.
  • Embodiment 50 Camera in particular a smartphone camera, comprising an optics assembly according to one of embodiments 46 to 47, wherein a movement of the optical element can be controlled or regulated by means of at least one signal from the sensor.
  • Embodiment 51 Camera according to the previous embodiment, wherein the sensor is designed to detect an amount of light.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an actuator according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further actuator according to the invention
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C plan views of a further optical assembly according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4D top views of a further optical assembly according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5F schematic representations of a further optical assembly according to the invention
  • Figures 6A and 6B schematic representations of a possible connection of an actuator according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a plan view of a further optical assembly according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8A to 8D schematic representations of a further optical assembly according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an actuator 100 according to the invention.
  • the actuator 100 is designed to move at least one optical element 102, as will be described in more detail below.
  • the actuator 100 is planar and made of a shape memory material.
  • the actuator 100 has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m and preferably of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m. The thickness is a dimension perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1.
  • the actuator 100 preferably has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, for example 30 ⁇ m or 50 ⁇ m.
  • the actuator 100 can be made in particular from a nickel-titanium base alloy, such as from NiTiCu, NiTi, NiTiFe or NiTiHf.
  • the actuator 100 can be formed by cathode sputtering or cold rolling and subsequent structuring (e.g. by means of laser cutting, stamping, eroding or chemical processes such as etching).
  • subsequent structuring e.g. by means of laser cutting, stamping, eroding or chemical processes such as etching.
  • other manufacturing processes can also be used, such as chemical thinning or mechanical grinding/polishing of semi-finished products, melt spinning or additive processes such as 3D printing (selective laser sintering, powder, particle / binder-based methods).
  • the actuator 100 has at least a first attachment point 104 and a second attachment point 106 .
  • the first attachment point 104 and the second attachment point 106 are designed to attach the actuator 100 to a frame 108 .
  • the frame 108 is designed for movably attaching the optical element 102 .
  • the actuator 100 also has at least one contact point 110 for connecting to the optical element 102 .
  • the contact point 110 is arranged between the first attachment point 104 and the second attachment point 106 .
  • the actuator 100 is attachable to the frame 108 and connectable to the optical element 102 such that the actuator 100 and the optical element 102 are biased toward one another.
  • the actuator 100 further includes a first actuator portion 112 connected to the first attachment point 104 and the contact point 110 .
  • the actuator 100 also has a second actuator section 114 which is connected to the second attachment point 106 and the contact point 110 .
  • the contact point 110 is movable at least between a first position 116 and a second position 118 different from the first position 116 .
  • a movement trajectory 120 of the contact point 110 is essentially parallel to a movement trajectory 122 of the optical element 102.
  • the actuator 100 is designed in particular to move the contact point 110 within a single plane. In the embodiment shown, the plane is parallel to the plane of the drawing in FIG use lens blocks.
  • the first actuator section 112 and the second actuator section 114 are designed in such a way that a force development of the actuator 100 is essentially parallel to the movement trajectory 120 of the contact point 110 .
  • the first actuator section 112 has a first meandering actuator section 124 which is arranged between the first attachment point 104 and the contact point 110 .
  • the second actuator section 114 has a second meandering actuator section 126 which is arranged between the second attachment point 106 and the contact point 110 .
  • the actuator sections 112, 114 are preferably designed as narrow webs.
  • the width of the webs is essentially at most the thickness of the essentially planar actuator 100 or only slightly exceeds it.
  • the bending radii of the meandering actuator sections 124, 126 are preferably at least as large as the width of the webs and should, if possible, be a multiple of the web width.
  • the first attachment point 104 and the second attachment point 106 are designed in such a way that the actuator 100 can be attached to the frame 108 by means of an attachment element, such as a rivet or screw.
  • the first attachment point 104 and the second attachment point 106 are formed as a through hole or bore.
  • the actuator 100 is designed to be connected to a power source 128 .
  • the first attachment point 104 and the second attachment point 106 are configured to connect to the power source 128 .
  • the first attachment point 104 and the second attachment point 106 are connected to electrical leads 130 of the power source 128 .
  • the contact point 100 is at least between the first position 116, if no current is applied to the actuator 100, and the second Position 118, if power is applied to the actuator 100, moveable.
  • the contact point 110 is moveable continuously or in steps to intermediate positions between the first position 116 and the second position 118 .
  • the optical element 102 comprises a tab 132, such as a metal tab, by means of which the optical element 102 can be connected to the contact point 110 of the actuator 100.
  • the tab 132 has a shoulder 134 formed to define the position of the contact point 110 of the actuator.
  • the optical element 102 is triangular, merely by way of example. In this case, the tab 132 borders on one of the corners of the optical element 102 .
  • the actuator 100 and the optical element 102 can also be connected by means of another connecting element, such as a hook, pin, rivet, magnet, wire, thread, screw or an in the actuator and in the optical Element intervening intermediate element.
  • the actuator 100 and the optical element 102 are electrically insulated from one another by means of an electrical insulation (e.g. a lacquer, a foil or a coating) which is not shown in detail.
  • an electrical insulation e.g. a lacquer, a foil or a coating
  • the actuator 100 or preferably the optical element can have the electrical insulation. If the optical element itself is not electrically conductive, additional electrical insulation can be omitted.
  • the actuator 100 is designed to linearly move or rotate the optical element 102 .
  • the optical element 102 is rotatably mounted on the frame 108 by means of a bearing 136 . Accordingly, in the embodiment shown, the actuator 100 is designed to rotate the optical element 102 .
  • the optical element 102 has a spring element 138 .
  • the spring element 138 is designed in a spiral shape.
  • the optical element 102 is rotatably connected to the frame 108 by means of the spiral spring element 138 .
  • the helical spring element 138 is located at a different corner of the triangular shape of the optical element 102 than the tab 132.
  • the helical spring element 102 is pretensioned with respect to the first position and/or the second position of the contact point 110 of the actuator 100.
  • a prestressing force of the spiral spring element 138 can be adjusted.
  • a pretensioning force of the spiral-shaped spring element 138 can thus be adjusted by means of a deflection of the optical element 102 and/or by means of a rotation of the spiral-shaped spring element 138.
  • the actuator 100 can be part of an optics assembly 140 .
  • the optics assembly 140 also includes the optical element 102, the frame 108 and the power source 128.
  • the actuator 100 connected to the frame 108 by means of attachment points 104,106.
  • the contact point 110 has a relative origin position 142 with respect to the frame 108 or the attachment points 104, 106.
  • the optical element 102 is movably connected to the frame 108 and is rotatably or slidably mounted relative thereto.
  • the optical element is connected to the spring element 138 .
  • the optical element 102 and the actuator 100 are connected to one another at the contact point 110 so that they are mechanically coupled and the contact point 110 can be moved along the movement trajectory 120, ie the actuator 100 and the optical element 102 move synchronously or together.
  • the actuator 100 is moved from its original position 142 to the first position 116 by moving the contact point 110 along the movement trajectory 120 .
  • the spring element 138 is prestressed in such a way that it counteracts the force of the actuator 100 and is at least sufficient to keep the actuator 100 stable in the deflected, first position 116 as long as it is not being supplied with current.
  • the actuator 100 is fabricated from a shape memory material, as described above, and is configured to develop an increase in force toward the original position 142 once heated above a certain specific temperature. The heating is carried out by supplying power using the power source 128.
  • the force-displacement behavior of the actuator 100 and the preload and spring rate of the spring element 138 are coordinated in such a way that the actuator 100 moves the optical element 102 or the contact point 110 against the spring force of the spring element 138 into the second position 118, which lies on the movement trajectory 120 of the contact point 110 between the first position 116 and the original position 142.
  • the spring element 138 causes the contact element 110 to move back into the first position 116.
  • the actuator 100 is connected to the two electrical supply lines 130 arranged on the frame 108, which allow a heating current to flow through the two actuator sections 112, 114 to direct. In this way, the heating of the actuator 100 required for the switching process can be achieved by resistance heating of the shape memory material.
  • the appropriate setting of the heating current allows the setting of intermediate positions along the movement trajectory 120 of the contact point 110.
  • the optical element 102 can be a diaphragm blade or a lamella. Such a shutter blade can be used to manipulate an opening area of an opening 144 in the frame 108 .
  • the actuator 100 is attached by means of the fastening points 104, 106 on two opposite sides, which delimit the opening 144. attached to the frame.
  • the optical element 102 can alternatively be or have a lens, a mirror, a beam splitter, a shutter or a filter.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further actuator 100 according to the invention. Only the differences from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are described below, and the same or comparable components and features are provided with the same reference symbols. For reasons of clarity, only the actuator 100 is shown in FIG.
  • the first helical actuator portion 146 is configured to rotate about the first attachment point 104 .
  • the second actuator portion 114 further includes a second helical actuator portion 148 connected to the second attachment point 106 .
  • the second helical actuator portion 148 is configured to rotate about the second attachment point 106 .
  • An orientation of the second meandering actuator section 126 differs from an orientation of the first meandering actuator section 126.
  • the second meandering actuator section 126 is oriented essentially perpendicularly to the first meandering actuator section 124 depending on an alignment of the spiral actuator sections 146, 148. Other orientations of the meandering Aktorab sections 124, 126 are possible.
  • the actuator 100 is designed for the linear displacement of the optical element 102.
  • the first attachment point 104 and the second attachment point 106 are arranged on an imaginary line that is substantially perpendicular to the movement trajectory 120 of the contact point 110 .
  • FIG 2 shows in particular an exemplary actuator 100 in the geometry during production 150 and in the prestressed state 152. Due to the prestressing of the actuator 100 in the installed and prestressed state 152, which as described with reference to Figure 1 by moving the contact point 110 from the original position 142 to the First position 116, once heated above its switching temperature, actuator 100 is enabled to develop a force toward its original configuration, thereby causing motion along motion trajectory 120 of contact point 110.
  • each actuator section 112, 114 has a force 154, 156 which is composed of a force component 158, 160 parallel to the movement trajectory 120 and a force component 162, 164 perpendicular to the movement trajectory 120.
  • the parallel force components 158, 160 add up in the actuator 100 and can be used for the actuating movement, whereas the vertical force components 162, 164 counteract and neutralize one another.
  • the shape of the actuator sections 112, 114 is preferably designed in such a way that the parallel force components 158, 160 along the movement trajectory 120 clearly outweigh the vertical force components 162, 164.
  • the geometry should be selected in such a way that the mechanical stresses are distributed as evenly as possible in the deflected state of the actuator 100 and no stress peaks arise.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C show top views of a further optical assembly 140 according to the invention. Only the differences from the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are described below, and identical or comparable components and features are provided with the same reference symbols.
  • the optics assembly 140 is, for example, an aperture element and has the frame 108 with the opening 144 .
  • the optics assembly 140 has, for example, four optical elements 102 in the form of aperture blades.
  • the optical elements 102 are each connected to the frame 108 by means of a spiral spring element 138 .
  • the frame 108 is essentially square.
  • the spiral spring elements 138 are fastened in the corners of the frame 108 .
  • Optical elements 102 are used to manipulate an aperture area of aperture 144 .
  • Figure 3A shows the optical elements 102 in a starting position in which the opening area of the opening 144 is at its maximum
  • Figure 3B shows the optical elements 102 moved relative to one another in a position in which the opening area of the opening 144 is reduced compared to Figure 3A is.
  • the actuator 100 is designed to move a plurality of optical elements 102.
  • FIG. 3C corresponds to FIG. 3B with an additional representation of the actuator 100.
  • the actuator 100 has a plurality of contact points 110 and more than two attachment points 104, 106.
  • the contact points 110 are designed for connection to an optical element 102 in each case.
  • an actuator section 112 , 114 is arranged between each attachment point 104 , 106 and each contact point 110 .
  • the actuator 100 has a total of four contact points 110 and four attachment points 104 , 106 .
  • the design of the actuator is based on the actuator 100 of the embodiment in FIG 146, 148 connect a contact point 110 to an attachment point 104, 106.
  • the attachment points 104, 106 are arranged in a regular pattern.
  • the fastening points 104 , 106 are arranged rotationally symmetrically around a center point of the opening 144 .
  • the actuator 100 thus comprises, in the case shown in Figures 3A to 3C embodiment showed quasi four actuators, of which two adjacent actuators always share an attachment point 104, 106.
  • the contact points 110 can be moved independently of one another between their first position 116 and their second position 118 by appropriate wiring or energizing.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4D show plan views of a further optical assembly 140 according to the invention. Only the differences from the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are described below, and identical or comparable components and features are provided with the same reference symbols. For reasons of clarity, no actuator 100 is shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D. However, it is explicitly emphasized that the optics assembly 140 has an actuator 100 .
  • the optics assembly 140 is, for example, an iris diaphragm and has the frame 108 with the opening 144 .
  • the optics assembly 140 has, for example, five optical elements 102 in the form of aperture blades.
  • optical elements 102 there can be fewer than five optical elements 102, such as three or four, or more than five optical elements 102, such as six, seven, eight or even more optical elements 102 as required.
  • the optical elements 102 are each connected to the frame 108 by means of a spiral spring element 138 .
  • the frame 108 is essentially square.
  • the spiral-shaped spring elements 138 are fastened at identical distances from one another on a circular line around the opening 144 of the frame 108 .
  • Optical elements 102 are used to manipulate an aperture area of aperture 144 .
  • FIG. 4A shows an optical element 102 attached to the frame 108.
  • FIG. Figure 4B shows two adjacent optical elements 102 secured to frame 108.
  • Figure 4C shows all five optical elements 102 secured to frame 108 and in a home position where the open area of aperture 144 is at its maximum.
  • FIG. 4D shows the optical elements 102 moved relative to one another in a position in which the opening area of the opening 144 is reduced compared to FIG. 4C.
  • the actuator 100 is designed to move multiple optical elements 102 .
  • Each optical element 102 has a guide slot 166 .
  • the guide slot 166 is curved such that its ends face away from a midpoint of the opening 144 .
  • Each optical element 102 further includes a guide pin or guide pin 168 .
  • the guide pin 168 protrudes perpendicularly from the optic element 102 and engages the guide slot 166 of an adjacent optic element 102 when assembled.
  • the guide pin 168 is arranged at a position of the optical element 102 at which the guide slot 166 is located between the guide pin 168 and an end of the optical element 102 at which the associated bearing 136 is located.
  • the optical elements 102 are all coupled to one another by means of the guide slots 166 and guide pins 168.
  • a single actuator 100 which is connected to one of the optical elements 102, is therefore sufficient to move all of the optical elements 102 at the same time.
  • the contact points 110 can be moved together between their first position 116 and their second position 118 by means of a single actuator 110 .
  • FIGS. 5A to 5F show schematic representations of a further optical assembly 140 according to the invention. Only the differences from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D are described below, and identical or comparable components and features are provided with the same reference symbols.
  • Figure 5A shows a perspective view of the optics assembly 140.
  • Figure 5B shows a top view of the optics assembly 140.
  • Figure 5C shows a perspective view of a coupling element 170.
  • Figure 5D shows a bottom view of the coupling element 170.
  • Figure 5E shows a top view of the optics assembly 140 without actuator 100 with an initial position of the optical elements 102.
  • FIG. 5F shows a top view of the optical assembly 140 without actuator 100 with a position of the optical elements 102 that differs from the initial position.
  • the optics assembly 140 has, for example, five optical elements 102 in the form of aperture blades. It is explicitly emphasized that there can be fewer than five optical elements 102, such as three or four, or more than five optical elements 102, such as six, seven, eight or even more optical elements 102 as required.
  • the optical elements 102 are each connected to the frame 108 by means of a spring element that is not shown in detail. Alternatively, the optical elements 102 can also be connected to the frame 108 via swivel joints if a spring is connected to the coupling element 170 as a separate component, since the optical elements 102 and the coupling element 170 are mechanically coupled to one another.
  • a single spiral, tension, compression or torsion spring could act on the coupling element 170 .
  • a second actuator which counteracts the (first) actuator 100, could even be provided.
  • the frame 108 is essentially square.
  • the spiral-shaped spring elements 138 are fastened at identical distances from one another on a circular line around the opening 144 of the frame 108 .
  • Optical elements 102 are used to manipulate an aperture area of aperture 144 .
  • the actuator 100 is designed to move multiple optical elements 102 .
  • the actuator 100 is not directly connected to one of the optical elements 102, but by means of of the coupling element 170.
  • the coupling element 170 is essentially circular or disk-shaped.
  • Each optical element 102 has a guide slot 166 .
  • the guide slot 166 is curved such that its ends face away from a midpoint of the opening 144 .
  • the curvature of the guide slots 166 is designed in such a way that the optical elements 102 are carried along in the desired manner via the guide pins 168 when the coupling element 170 rotates. In principle, this can be any slot shape, it should only allow sliding on the pin 168 with as little friction as possible.
  • the coupling element 170 has a guide pin or guide pin 168 for each of the guide slots 166 .
  • the guide pin 168 protrudes perpendicularly from the coupling element 170 and engages in the guide slot 166 of an optical element 102 in the assembled state.
  • the guide pin 168 is located at a position where the guide slot 166 is between the guide pin 168 and an end of the optical element 102 at which the associated bearing 136 is located.
  • the guide pins 168 each penetrate the associated guide slot 166 of the optical element 102 and each protrude into a bearing slot 171 of the frame 108.
  • the bearing slots 171 each extend along a circumferential direction around the opening 144.
  • each optical element 102 could have a guide pin and the coupling element 170 have corresponding guide slots.
  • the coupling element 170 is rotatably or displaceably mounted.
  • the coupling element 170 is rotatable, mounted on a plain bearing formed from five pins 172 of the frame 108 which engage in slots 174 on the underside of the coupling element 170 .
  • the slots 174 are curved around a center point of the coupling element 170 along or parallel to a circumferential direction. More precisely, they have the same center point as the circular opening 144, since they serve as a guide/bearing for the rotational movement of the coupling element 170.
  • the pins 172 are at the same time the bearings 136 for the optical elements 102.
  • the pins 172 act as pivot or rotation bearings.
  • the coupling element 170 has an opening 176 in the middle which corresponds to at least the widest opening 144 of the iris diaphragm.
  • the coupling element 170 has a coupling pin 178 on its upper side.
  • the actuator 100 is designed similarly to the actuator 100 of the embodiment in FIG.
  • the meandering Aktorab sections 124, 126 are oriented parallel and the contact point 110 is on a center line between the actuator sections 112, 114 arranged.
  • the actuator 100 is arranged tangentially to the coupling element 100 .
  • the contact point 110 has a coupling opening 180 in which the coupling pin 178 engages.
  • FIG. 5E shows, by way of example, one of the five optical elements 102 attached to the frame 108 and in a starting position in which the opening area of the opening 144 is at its maximum.
  • FIG. 5F shows, by way of example, one of the five optical elements 102 moved into a position in which the opening area of the opening 144 is reduced compared to FIG. 5E.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show a schematic representation of a possible interconnection of an actuator 100 according to the invention, in which the contact points 110 can be moved independently of one another.
  • the actuator 100 can have four contact points 110, merely by way of example, and has an essentially ring-shaped configuration.
  • the actuator 100 can thus be designed in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 3C.
  • an actuator 100 formed from 2N individual actuators can have 2N contact points, where N is an integer multiple greater than or equal to 1.
  • Two adjacent individual actuators are connected in opposite polarity.
  • the actuator 100 can also have more or fewer contact points 100, for example 2, 6 or 8 contact points, with the specific wiring only working with an even number of actuators.
  • the actuator sections 112, 114 are shown as resistors.
  • the optics assembly 140 can have a controller 182 for this purpose.
  • the controller 182 is designed to control the actuator 100 to move the optical elements 102 .
  • the controller 182 thus has a number of switching elements 184 .
  • the switching elements 184 are, for example, switches, microswitches or transistors.
  • four switching elements 184 are shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, which can be switched independently of one another and allow or prevent current from the current source 128 being supplied.
  • each optical element 102 can be moved individually by means of the switching elements 184 .
  • adjacent attachment points 104, 106 have opposite polarity of a power supply.
  • a switching element 184 is assigned to each polarity.
  • the switching elements 184 are connected to the attachment points 104,106.
  • FIG. 6A shows all switch elements 184 in the open position, so that no current flows through the actuator.
  • FIG. 6B shows the two upper switching elements 184 closed, so that a main current flow 186 occurs between the two upper, oppositely polarized supply lines 130 through the upper actuator sections 112, 114.
  • a significantly lower secondary current flow 188 flows through the lateral and actuator sections 112, 114 between the two upper, oppositely polarized supply lines 130.
  • the upper contact point 110 moves accordingly.
  • the actuator 100 and the optical elements 102 can have a common electrical connection.
  • the controller 182 for controlling the actuator 100 is designed to move the optical elements 102 together. This can be realized in this way be that the controller 182 is designed to energize the actuator sections 112, 114 in quick succession in order to move the optical elements 112 together.
  • FIG. 7 shows a plan view of a further optical assembly 140 according to the invention. Only the differences from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A to 5F are described below, and the same or comparable components and features are provided with the same reference symbols.
  • the optics assembly 140 has a total of two actuators 100, 100'.
  • the actuators 100, 100' are also referred to below as the first actuator 100 and the second actuator 100' in order to differentiate them conceptually. In this case, features or components of the second actuator 100' that correspond to those of the first actuator 100 are marked by "'".
  • the actuators 100, 100' are designed as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5F.
  • first actuator 100 As shown in Figures 5A to 5F, connected with its contact point 110 to the coupling element 170 on the coupling pin 178, but also the second actuator 100' with its contact point 110' to the coupling element 170 on the coupling pin 178 tied together. It is explicitly emphasized that the first actuator 100 and the second actuator 100' can also be directly connected to at least one optical element 102 by means of their contact points 110 110'.
  • the second actuator 100' is also connected via two additional attachment points 104', 106' to two conductor tracks that are not shown in detail.
  • the second actuator 100' is arranged mirror-symmetrically to the first actuator 100. Thus, the second actuator 100' faces the first actuator 100 with the docking pin 178 in between.
  • the second actuator 100' When energized, the second actuator 100' counteracts the effective direction of the first actuator 100 in an antagonistic manner.
  • the advantage is that the optical element 102 is actively, i.e. electronically controlled, movable in opposite directions.
  • the second actuator 100' can also be arranged at a different location, provided that it counteracts the first actuator 100 in an antagonistic manner.
  • the at least one optical element 102 or, as shown in FIG. 7, the coupling element 170 is optionally provided with at least two latching points 190, into which a latching element 192 engages.
  • the latching points 190 are designed, for example, as grooves or notches, and the latching element 192 is designed, for example, as a spring bar with hooks.
  • the locking mechanism can also be implemented differently, for example as a ball trap or by means of magnets.
  • the actuator 100 or the antagonistic actuators 100, 100' are designed in such a way that their actuating force is sufficient to overcome the holding force of the latching mechanism. This can be realized, for example, by means of two antagonistic actuators.
  • a single actuator can also be used in combination with a mechanism such as that used in ballpoint pens, for example will.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that several end or intermediate positions can be held stably even without the actuator 100 being permanently energized. This is particularly interesting in mobile devices to increase battery life.
  • the corresponding locking positions can also be held precisely without a position sensor.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8D show schematic representations of a further optical assembly 140 according to the invention. Only the differences from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A to 5F are described below, and the same or comparable components and features are provided with the same reference symbols.
  • Figure 8A shows a perspective view of optics assembly 140.
  • Figure 8B shows an exploded view of optics assembly 140.
  • Figure 8C shows a plan view of an element plane.
  • FIG. 8D shows a top view of actuator 100.
  • frame 108 is round.
  • the optics assembly 140 has a plurality of optical elements 102 which are arranged in a plurality of parallel element planes 194 . A total of two optical elements 102, 102' are provided or arranged in each element plane 194.
  • the two optical elements 102, 102' are also referred to below as the first optical element 102 and the second optical element 102' in order to distinguish them conceptually.
  • features or components of the second optical element 102′ which correspond to those of the first optical element 102 are marked by “′”.
  • the optical elements 102, 102' of each element level 194 are arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the center point of the opening 144 and opposite one another.
  • Each optical element 102, 102' is formed or connected to a spiral-shaped spring element 138, 138' and is thus rotatably mounted relative to the associated element plane 194.
  • the element planes 194 are essentially circular or disc-shaped.
  • the element planes 194 are designed as a type of thin plates or disks.
  • Each optical element 102, 102' has a guide slot 166, 166'.
  • the guide slots 166, 166' are curved such that their ends face away from a center point of the opening 144.
  • the optics assembly 140 has three stacked element planes 194 which are rotated relative to one another by 120° in a circumferential direction, in particular around the opening 144 .
  • N element planes 194 are also possible, which are each arranged rotated through 360°/N with respect to one another, with N being an integer multiple greater than 1.
  • the element planes 194 are sandwiched between a lower cover plate 196 and an upper cover plate 198 .
  • the element planes 194 as well as the lower cover plate 196 and the upper cover plate 198 have the bearing slots 171 into which guide pins 168 of the head pel elements 170 engage.
  • the bearing slots 171 extend along a circumferential direction around a center point of the opening 144 or of the coupling element 170.
  • the guide pins 168 also engage in the guide slots 166, 166'.
  • the coupling element 170 is rotatably mounted in the frame 108 .
  • the coupling element 170 can be rotated at least relative to the element planes 194 by means of the bearing slots 171 and the guide pins 168 engaging therein.
  • the coupling element 170 is rotatably mounted relative to the lower cover plate 196 and the upper cover plate 198 by means of the bearing slots 171 and the guide pins 168 engaging therein.
  • the element planes 194 are attached to the frame 108 in a stationary manner.
  • the frame 108 has holding projections 200 which engage corresponding holding openings 202 of the element planes 194 .
  • the frame 108 has three holding projections 200 which are offset by 120° around the opening and engage in correspondingly arranged holding openings 202 of the element planes 194 .
  • the retaining projections are located, for example, adjacent to an outer edge of the frame 108.
  • the lower cover plate 196 and the upper cover plate 198 also have retaining openings 202 into which the retaining projections 200 engage.
  • the bottom cover plate 196 and the top cover plate 198 are also attached to the frame 108 in a stationary manner.
  • the coupling element 170 is disk-shaped.
  • the coupling element 170 can be connected eccentrically to the contact point 110 of the drive device.
  • the contact point 110 of the drive device is at a distance or offset from a center point of the coupling element 170 .
  • the coupling element 170 has a lever 204 .
  • Lever 204 protrudes from frame 108 .
  • Lever 204 can be connected to contact point 110 of actuator 100 . In this way, the drive device is connected to the optical elements 102, 102' by means of the coupling element 170.
  • the optical elements 102, 102' are connected to one another by means of the coupling element 170.
  • the lever 204 is optional and the contact point 110 can be attached to the coupling element 110 at a location within the frame 108 .
  • the actuator 100 has a contact point 110 and a total of four actuator sections 112, 112', 114, 114' connected thereto.
  • the Aktorab sections 112, 112 ', 114, 114' each have a meander-shaped actuator section 124, 124 ', 126, 126'.
  • the actuator sections 112, 112', 114, 114' are each connected to an attachment point 104, 104', 106, 106'.
  • the actuator sections 112, 112′, 114, 114′ are connected in such a way that current can always be applied to two actuator sections 112 and 114 or 112′ and 114′ connected in series.
  • the actuator 100 is thus cut as an antagonistic actuator with four attachment points, four Aktorab and formed a common contact point.
  • the pair of actuator sections 112 and 114 is mechanically prestressed against the pair of actuator sections 112' and 114'.
  • By appropriately applying current to a pair of Aktorab sections 112 and 114 or 112 'and 114' of the actuator 100 the latter moves on a circular movement trajectory 120, which is parallel to the rotational movement of the coupling element 170, in the direction of the respectively energized pair of actuator sections.
  • the optical elements 102, 102' are also rotated relative to the element planes 194 on the spiral-shaped spring elements 138.
  • the actuator 100 can be replaced by any other suitable drive, such as an electric motor, lifting actuator, a piezo actuator, a magnetic coil, a voice coil or the like.
  • the present disclosure includes the following aspects:
  • Optical assembly 140 comprising a frame 108, a plurality of optical elements 102, 102 'and a coupling element 170, wherein the optical elements 102, 102' are movably mounted in the frame 104, wherein the optical elements 102, 102 'in a plurality of parallel element planes 194, wherein the optical elements 102, 102' are each rotatably mounted on the element planes 194 by means of a spring element 138, wherein the optical elements 102, 102' can be connected to a drive device by means of the coupling element 170 in such a way that a contact point 110 of the Drive device for connecting, in particular indirect connecting, with at least one of the optical elements 102, 102 'at least between a first position 116 and a second position 118, which differs from the first position 116, is movable.
  • Aspect 2 Optical assembly 140 according to aspect 1, wherein the optical elements 102, 102' are connected to one another by means of the coupling element 170.
  • Aspect 3 Optical assembly 140 according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein at least two optical elements 102, 102' are arranged in each element plane 194.
  • Aspect 4 Optical assembly 140 according to aspect 3, wherein the frame 108 has an opening, wherein the optical elements 102, 102' within an element plane 194 face each other with a midpoint of the opening 144 in between, in particular point-symmetrically opposite.
  • Aspect 5 Optical assembly 140 according to one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the element planes 194 are arranged rotated relative to one another about a common center point.
  • Aspect 6 Optical assembly 140 according to aspect 5, wherein the element planes 194 are arranged rotated relative to one another in a circumferential direction by 360°/N, where N is a number of the element planes 194 and is an integer greater than 1.
  • Aspect 7 Optical assembly 140 according to one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the optical elements 102, 102 'each have a guide slot 166, wherein the coupling element
  • Aspect 8 The optics assembly 140 of aspect 7, wherein the element planes 194 are fixedly attached to the frame 104.
  • Aspect 9 The optics assembly 140 of aspect 8, wherein the element planes 194 have bearing slots
  • Aspect 10 Optical assembly 140 according to one of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the element planes 194 are formed substantially circular.
  • Aspect 11 The optical assembly 140 of any one of aspects 1-10, further comprising a bottom cover plate 196 and a top cover plate 198, wherein the element planes 194 are sandwiched between the bottom cover plate 196 and the top cover plate 198.
  • Aspect 12 Optical assembly 140 according to one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the coupling element 170 is disk-shaped.
  • Aspect 13 Optical assembly 140 according to one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the coupling element 170 is eccentrically connected to the contact point 110 of the drive device.
  • Aspect 14 Optical assembly 140 according to one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the spring elements 138 are formed in a spiral shape.
  • Aspect 15 optics assembly 140 according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, further comprising the drive device, wherein the drive device is an electric motor, lifting actuator, a Piezo actuator, a magnetic coil, a voice coil or an actuator 100 is made of a shape memory material.
  • the drive device is an electric motor, lifting actuator, a Piezo actuator, a magnetic coil, a voice coil or an actuator 100 is made of a shape memory material.
  • Aspect 16 Optical assembly 140 according to aspect 15, wherein the drive device is an actuator 100 made of a shape memory material, wherein the actuator 100 has at least a first attachment point 104 and a second attachment point 106, the first attachment point 104 and the second attachment point 106 being configured for Attaching the actuator 100 to the frame 108, the actuator 100 further comprising a first actuator portion 112 connected to the first attachment point 104 and the contact point 110, a second actuator portion 114 connected to the second attachment point 106 and the contact point 110 , Having, wherein the actuator 100 is planar.
  • Aspect 17 Optical assembly 140 according to aspect 16, wherein the actuator 100 has two further actuator sections 112, 114', the two further actuator sections 112, 114' also have attachment points 104', 106', the two further actuator sections 112, 114 'are mechanically prestressed in relation to the actuator sections 112, 114 and act antagonistically to them.
  • Aspect 18 Optical assembly 140 according to one of aspects 1 to 17, further comprising latching points 190 and a latching element 192, wherein the latching element 192 is designed to hold the de-energized actuator 100 in a plurality of latching positions between the first position 116 and the second position 118 of the contact point 110 by engaging in the locking points 190.
  • the optics assembly 140 may further include at least one sensor configured to generate an electrical signal proportional to a set position of the contact point 100 or an amount of light impinging on the sensor.
  • the sensor can include an image sensor, a photodiode, a capacitive sensor, a Hall sensor or a resistive sensor.
  • the optics assembly 140 may be part of a camera, such as a smartphone camera.
  • a movement of the optical element 102 or of the optical elements 102 can be controlled or regulated by means of at least one signal from the sensor.
  • the sensor can thus be designed to detect a quantity of light.
  • the sensor can be the image sensor of the camera.
  • the image sensor of the camera can be used in order to use this signal to control the position of the shutter blades via current/voltage regulation of the actuators and to allow intermediate positions.
  • the optical element 102 can contain an opening which tapers in the direction of movement of the optical element 102 and which is guided between a light source and a light sensor.
  • the position of the optical element can be calculated from the amount of light passing through the opening.
  • a stationary metal surface on the frame and a movable metal surface arranged above it on the optical element 102 or the actuator 100 can form a capacitor.
  • the position of the optical element 102 can be calculated from the measured capacitance of this capacitor.
  • a sliding contact can be attached between the optical element 102 and the frame 108 .
  • the position of the optical element 102 can be calculated from the measured resistance.
  • the electrical resistance of the actuator 100 itself can be measured between the attachment points 104 and 106 (self-sensing). In this way, the actuator itself can serve as a position sensor, since its electrical resistance changes in a characteristic way both due to the geometric deformation during deflection and due to the phase transition between martensite or R-phase in the unheated state and austenite in the heated state of a shape memory alloy .
  • a miniature permanent magnet can be attached to the optical element 102 or the actuator 100 . Its distance from a Hall sensor mounted on the frame 108 can be measured and the position of the optical element 102 can be calculated therefrom. Such a position determination could alternatively be realized with eddy currents (inductive), without a magnet.
  • the actuator can be designed according to a comparative example with only one attachment point, only one contact point and only one actuator section.
  • the actuator section has a meandering shape, for example, in order to allow expansion and contraction.
  • the actuator is attached to the frame and connected to a conductor track, for example at one attachment point.
  • the contact point is connected to the optical element as previously described.
  • the optical element is at least partially electrically conductive and is also connected to a conductor track on the frame.
  • the connection between see actuator and optical element, such as at the contact point is electrically conductive, so that a heating current to activate the actuator on the first conductor track, the actuator, optical element and the second conductor track can be applied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lens Barrels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un actionneur (100) servant à déplacer au moins un élément optique (102). L'actionneur (100) comprend : - au moins un premier point de fixation (104) et un deuxième point de fixation (106) ; au moins un point de contact (110) destiné à être connecté à l'élément optique (102), le point de contact (110) étant situé entre le premier point de fixation (104) et le deuxième point de fixation (106) ; - une première partie actionneur (112) qui est connectée au premier point de fixation (104) et au point de contact (110) ; - une deuxième partie actionneur (114) qui est connectée au deuxième point de fixation (106) et au point de contact (110). L'actionneur (100) est plan et est constitué d'un matériau à mémoire de forme. Le point de contact (110) peut être déplacé au moins entre une première position (116) et une deuxième position (118) différente de la première position (116). L'invention concerne également un ensemble optique (140).
PCT/EP2021/080172 2020-10-29 2021-10-29 Actionneur et ensemble optique doté d'un actionneur WO2022090491A1 (fr)

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DE102020213648.3 2020-10-29
DE102020213648.3A DE102020213648A1 (de) 2020-10-29 2020-10-29 Aktor und Optikbaugruppe mit Aktor

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JP5307469B2 (ja) 2008-08-01 2013-10-02 オリンパス株式会社 光調節装置の駆動方法、光調節装置の制御装置、及び光調節装置
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US20040068985A1 (en) * 2001-01-17 2004-04-15 M 2 Medical A/S Shape memory alloy actuator
US20080307786A1 (en) * 2003-11-17 2008-12-18 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Multi-Stable Actuator Based on Shape Memory Alloy and Touch-Sensitive Interface Using Same
DE102008027325A1 (de) * 2008-06-07 2010-02-11 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Bistabiler magnetischer Aktuator aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung
DE102019204846A1 (de) * 2019-04-04 2020-10-08 Memetis Gmbh Aktuator-Vorrichtung

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