WO2022090334A1

WO2022090334A1 - System, server device, and electronic device for disease handling and/or monitoring and related methods

Info

Publication number: WO2022090334A1
Application number: PCT/EP2021/079868
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thea Kølsen FISCHER
Original assignee: Nordsjællands Hospital - Hillerød
Priority date: 2020-10-29
Filing date: 2021-10-27
Publication date: 2022-05-05
Also published as: EP4238101A1

Abstract

A method for disease monitoring and/or handling is disclosed. The method comprises obtaining first data indicative of user data, determining a first score based on the first data, obtaining second primary data indicative of a user condition, determining a second score based on the second primary data, determining a user score based on the first score and the second score, determining whether the user score satisfies an action criterion, and outputting an advisory action in accordance with determining that the user score satisfies the action criterion.

Description

SYSTEM, SERVER DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR DISEASE HANDLING AND/OR MONITORING AND RELATED METHODS

The present disclosure relates to a system, a server device, and an electronic device for disease monitoring and related methods. In particular, the present disclosure relates to system, server device, electronic device, and methods which facilitate tracking, monitoring, and handling of a disease and in particular virus diseases for example caused by Corona virus or Influenza virus.

BACKGROUND

Infectious diseases, such as epidemic and pandemics, continue to pose a public health challenge and are a threat to the capacity limits of our healthcare systems, and remain a worldwide problem. It is challenging to limit the spread of a virus/disease and to monitor whether people are infected or not and in particular whether to spend resources on diagnostic tests and/or treatment. Aligned with the epidemic challenges, are the general challenges regarding the hospital capacity to handle an aging population. People generally live longer and with that also comes a constant growing prevalence of chronic diseases and need for care. The number of hospital beds on the other hand is constantly being reduced for reducing the costs in the healthcare system. Therefore new strategies are needed for handling and/or monitoring diseases and patients.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, there is a need for a method and devices which improve the monitoring of diseases and that provides a tool for limiting the spreading and/or handling of a disease.

A method for disease handling and/or monitoring is disclosed. The method comprises obtaining, e.g. via an interface of an electronic device, first data indicative of user data; determining a first score based on the first data, obtaining second primary data indicative of a user condition, e.g. via an interface of an electronic device; determining a second (primary) score based on the second primary data; determining a user score based on the first score and the second score, determining whether the user score satisfies an action criterion, and outputting an advisory action in accordance with determining that the user score satisfies the action criterion. Also disclosed is a server device for disease handling and/or monitoring. The server device comprises a memory, an interface, and one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to obtain first data indicative of user data from an electronic device; obtain second primary data indicative of a user condition from the electronic device; determine a first score based on the first data; determine a second (primary) score based on the second primary data; determine a user score based on the first score and the second score; determine whether the user score satisfies an action criterion; and transmit, in response to the user score satisfying the action criterion, advisory action data to the electronic device.

Also disclosed is an electronic device for disease handling and/or monitoring. The electronic device comprises a memory, an interface, and a processor. The processor is configured to obtain first data indicative of user data via the interface; obtain second primary data indicative of a user condition via the interface; transmit the first data and/or the second primary data to a server device; obtain advisory action data from the server device; and output an advisory action based on the advisory action data via the interface.

Further, a disease handling and/or monitoring system is disclosed, the disease monitoring system comprising a server device as disclosed herein and/or one or more electronic devices as disclosed herein.

The present disclosure provides an improved handling and/or monitoring of diseases and provides a tool for limiting the spread and/or handling of a disease. Further, the present disclosure facilitates improved use and/or utilization of test resources in order to allow for testing of people having a risk of being infected, while not testing people with no or low risk being infected.

It is an advantage of the present disclosure that users may be able to monitor their user condition, such as health condition, locally, e.g. on an electronic device, without having to go to a hospital or a doctor. Furthermore, users are able to provide information about their health condition in an easy and flexible way, e.g. without having to leave their home but merely by using their electronic device. This may for example provide that test facilities are not overloaded in periods where a pandemic or epidemic are present. It is also an advantage of the present disclosure that users that may be in a high risk category and/or users that may be infected with the disease can be guided on how to take precautionary measures. Further, the present disclosure provides an effective collection of health data in turn resulting in an improved foundation for modelling and understanding a disease.

Also, the present disclosure may give guidance/advice to users in relation to which actions that should be taken depending on their user data and user condition. For example, the present disclosure may provide guidance to users in relation to how to handle their user condition, e.g. when a pandemic or epidemic are present.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art by the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary system for disease monitoring and/or handling according to the present disclosure,

Figs. 2A-B is a flow diagram of an exemplary method according to the present disclosure,

Fig. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an example on how to obtain first data and second data, such as second primary data and/or second secondary data, and

Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a user interface of an electronic device according to the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various exemplary embodiments and details are described hereinafter, with reference to the figures when relevant. It should be noted that the figures may or may not be drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are represented by like reference numerals throughout the figures. It should also be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the embodiments. They are not intended as an exhaustive description of the invention or as a limitation on the scope of the invention. In addition, an illustrated embodiment needs not have all the aspects or advantages shown. An aspect or an advantage described in conjunction with a particular embodiment is not necessarily limited to that embodiment and can be practiced in any other embodiments even if not so illustrated, or if not so explicitly described.

A method for disease handling and/or monitoring is disclosed. The method may be computer-implemented. The disease to be handled/monitored may be an epidemic, a pandemic, or any other disease that may be transmitted and spread between human beings via a virus and/or bacteria. The disease may for example be Covid-19, Influenza, Ebola, and/or plague. In other words, a method for epidemic or pandemic monitoring and/or handling of disease and spreading thereof is disclosed. The source or cause of the disease may for example be a virus, a bacteria, a fungi, and/or parasites. The method comprises obtaining first data indicative of user data. The first data may comprise first primary data based on a first primary user input. The first data may comprise one or more user inputs, including a first primary user input.

In one or more exemplary methods, obtaining first data also denoted FD comprises obtaining first primary data also denoted FD_1 based on first answers to a first questionnaire performed via an electronic device.

The first questionnaire may comprise first questions. The first questionnaire may comprise in the range from two to twenty questions, such as two, three, four, five, ten, or twenty questions.

In one or more exemplary methods, the first questionnaire comprises a plurality of first questions with associated first answers, e.g. having a first answer option configuration.

In one or more exemplary methods, the first questionnaire is based on a first question configuration. In other words, a questionnaire, such as the first questionnaire, may be generated based on a question configuration, e.g. the first question configuration. A question configuration may be indicative of a setup for a questionnaire.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method comprises generating the first question configuration. To generate a question configuration, such as the first question configuration, may comprise selecting/generating a question from a first set of questions as the first question. To generate a question configuration, such as the first question configuration, may comprise selecting/generating a first answer option configuration, e.g. indicative of a first set of answer options associated with the first question. A question configuration may comprise a set of question identifiers and/or a set of questions. In one or more exemplary methods, the question configuration comprises a set of instruction identifiers and/or a set of instructions. An instruction may be or be indicative of a text, audio, image and/or a video that is to be presented to the user. An instruction may comprise information to the user.

The first primary data FD_1 may comprise (first) answer data indicative of one or more answers being input by a user, e.g. in response to one or more questions and/or instructions presented to the user as part of the first questionnaire. The first primary data may comprise first answers in response to first questions. The first answers may be based on a first answer option configuration indicative of a first set of answer options associated with the first questions. In other words, the first answers may be chosen by a user from the first answer option configuration. The user may for example provide the first primary user input comprising one or more answers to a questionnaire, such as a first questionnaire, e.g. performed via an electronic device. The one or more answers may be indicative of user data. The first data may comprise text data, audio data, image data, and/or video data indicative of user data.

The first data may comprise static user data, e.g. provided by the user as first primary user input. The first data may comprise user identification data, such as social register number, a personal identification number, a social security number, and/or a social health security number. For example, the first primary data may comprise obtaining the first primary user input comprising the user manually inputting user data such as age, gender, height, weight, health condition/health data, and/or area of residence (such as a municipality). The first primary data may comprise a first primary timestamp. The first primary timestamp may at least be indicative of a day. The first primary timestamp may be indicative of a day and time of day.

The first primary data may comprise one or more sets of first primary questions and/or first primary answers, including a first primary set of question(s) and answer(s). The first primary set of question and answer may comprise a first primary question of the first questionnaire and a first primary answer to the first primary question. The first primary data may be indicative of user data, such as comprise information about the user such as the number of persons that lives in the same residence or home as the user or are present at least once a day in the residence or home of the user.

The first primary data may comprise information about whether the user has been in contact with a person contaminated with the disease to be monitored within the last X days (where X may be 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 15).

The first primary data may comprise information about whether the user has been staying or resided in an area where the infection or contamination pressure is known to be high within the last X days. The first primary data may comprise information about whether the user has been staying or resided in a country outside his country of residence, if yes where has the user been. The first primary data may comprise relevant anamnestic information about whether the user has any relevant history of diseases or conditions that he/she knows of (e.g. chronic diseases). The first primary data may comprise information about whether the user gets medication, such as treatment for hypertension, if yes whether the hypertension is well treated, e.g. having measurements below 140/90 mmHg. The first primary data may reflect the type of relevant data asked at standard hospital admission. The first primary data may comprise information about whether the user has diabetes, if yes, optionally whether it is diabetes type 1 or type 2. Further, the first primary data may comprise information about whether the user is being treated with insulin. The first primary data may comprise information about whether the user has chronic lung disease. The first primary data may comprise information about whether the user has a serious kidney disease, if yes optionally whether the user is undergoing dialysis treatment. The first primary data may comprise information about whether the user has been in respiratory use treatment in intensive care, e.g. within a period, such as within the last year or within the last 3 months. The first primary data may comprise information about whether the user is in treatment for a cancer disease. The first primary data may comprise information about whether the user is in or has been in treatment with medication that weakens his immune defense, such as adrenal cortical hormones, rheumatic medicine, psoriasis, or infection in the intestines, and if yes which medication. When the user is a woman, the first primary data may comprise information about whether she is pregnant, and if yes when the term is. The first primary data may comprise information about a blood type of the user. For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first primary question Fq_1 of the first questionnaire may request contact information and may be: “Have you been in contact with a person contaminated with the disease to be monitored within the last 7 days?”. A first answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know. The user may then choose one of the options from the first primary answer option configuration as the first primary answer. For example, FXJ may be assigned the value or score 1 if “yes” and the value or score 0 if “No”. If the answer includes a value, such as not a yes, no, or maybe answer, the indicated value may be assigned to FXJ. If the answer includes text, such as not merely a yes, no, or maybe answer, the indicated text may be assigned to FXJ. The answer may also be selected from a list of answers, such as a list of text fields. Each text field may comprise an identifier and the identifier may be assigned to the answer FXJ.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first secondary question Fq_2 of the first questionnaire may request primary residence information and may be: “Have you been staying or resided in an area where the infection or contamination pressure is known to be high within the last 7 days?”. A first secondary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first tertiary question Fq_3 of the first questionnaire may request secondary residence information and may be: “Have you been staying or resided in a country outside your country of residence within the last two weeks?”. A first tertiary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know. When the answer is yes, the first tertiary question Fq_3 may comprise, such as be followed by, a first tertiary sub-question Fq_3_1 that may be: “if yes where have you been?”. The first tertiary sub-answer option configuration may comprise a list of countries or country codes, such as comprised in a drop-down list, a scroll-list, or a rolling list. Each country or country code may have an indicator assigned to it. Alternatively, or additionally, the first tertiary sub-answer option configuration may comprise a text input field, where the user may type his answer. The text input may then be assigned to FXJ.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first quaternary question Fq_4 of the first questionnaire may request disease information and may be: “Have you any diseases or conditions that you know of (such as heart diseases)?”. A first quaternary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know. When the answer is yes, the first quaternary question Fq_4 may comprise a first quaternary sub-question Fq_4_1 that may be: “if yes which condition?”. The first quaternary sub-answer option configuration may comprise a list of conditions and/or diseases, such as comprised in a drop-down list, a scroll-list, or a rolling list. Each condition and/or disease may have an indicator assigned to it. Alternatively, or additionally, the first quaternary sub-answer option configuration may comprise a text input field, where the user may type his answer. The text input may then be assigned to FXJ.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first quinary question Fq_5 of the first questionnaire may request medication information and may be: “Are you getting any medication, such as for hypertension?”. A first quinary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know. When the answer is yes, the first quinary question Fq_5 may comprise a first quinary subquestion Fq_5_1 that may be: “if yes whether the disease, such as hypertension, is well treated, e.g. having measurements below 140/90 mmHg?”. The first quinary sub-answer option configuration may comprise a list of medication, such as comprised in a drop-down list, a scroll-list, or a rolling list. Each medication may have an indicator assigned to it. Alternatively, or additionally, the first quinary sub-answer option configuration may comprise a text input field, where the user may type his answer. The text input may then be assigned to FXJ.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first senary question Fq_6 of the first questionnaire may request diabetes information and may be: “Do you have diabetes (such as type 1 or type 2 diabetes)?”. A first senary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know. When the answer is yes, the first senary question Fq_6 may comprise a first senary subquestion Fq_6_1 that may be: “if yes, is it type 1 or type 2 diabetes?”. The first senary sub-answer option configuration may comprise two sub-answer options such as type 1 and type 2.

Further, when the answer is yes, the first senary question Fq_6 may comprise a second first senary sub-question Fq_6_2 that may be: “if yes, are you getting insulin treatment?”. The second first senary sub-answer option configuration may comprise three sub-answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first septenary question Fq_7 of the first questionnaire may request lung and/or respiratory disease information and may be: “Do you have chronic lung disease (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or pulmonary fibrosis) ?”. A first septenary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first octonary question Fq_8 of the first questionnaire may request kidney disease information and may be: “Do you have a serious kidney disease?”. A first octonary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know. When the answer is yes, the first octonary question Fq_8 may comprise a first octonary sub-question Fq_8_1 that may be: “if yes, are you getting a dialysis treatment?”. The first octonary sub-answer option configuration may comprise three sub-answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first nonary question Fq_9 of the first questionnaire may request intensive care information and may be: “Have you been in respiratory use treatment in intensive care?”. A first nonary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first denary question Fq_10 of the first questionnaire may request cancer treatment information and may be: “Are you in treatment for a cancer disease?”. A first denary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first undenary question Fq_11 of the first questionnaire may request immune defense information and may be: “Are you or have you been in treatment with medication that weakens your immune defense?”. A first undenary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a first question of the first questionnaire, such as a first duodenary question Fq_12 of the first questionnaire may request pregnancy information and may be: “Are you pregnant?”. A first duodenary answer option configuration may comprise three answer options such as yes, no, and don’t know. The first duodenary question Fq_12 may only be asked if the user is a woman. When the answer is yes, the first duodenary question Fq_12 may comprise a first duodenary sub-question Fq_12_1 that may be: “if yes, when is the term of your pregnancy?”. The first duodenary sub-answer option configuration may comprise a calendar user interface, where the user may select a year, a month, and a day, such as in the format YY/MM/DD. Each date YY/MM/DD may have an indicator assigned to it. For example, the date 12 September 2021 may have the indicator 21/09/12. Alternatively, or additionally, the first duodenary sub-answer option configuration may comprise a text input field, where the user may type his answer. The text input may then be assigned to FX_i.

A first question of the first questionnaire may request blood type information, e.g. a first question of the first questionnaire, such as Fq_13 may be “What is your blood type”, optionally with associated answer options “A”, “B”, “AB”, “O”, and “Don’t know”. The answer options may include “Rhesus positive” and/or “Rhesus negative”.

The first questions may change or vary depending on the disease to be handled and/or monitored, e.g. the disease in focus. In one or more exemplary methods and/or system, the disease is Covid-19.

The first data may comprise first secondary data based for example on personal data about the user, e.g. from a social registry database or portal. The first secondary data may be static data obtained from a social registry database or portal.

The first secondary data may be obtained via a network such as a global network, e.g. the internet. The first secondary data may be obtained after the user has logged in with his/her personal login information e.g. to a social registry portal with his/her user identification data. The first secondary data may comprise user data obtained from a database where user data is stored. For example, the first secondary data may comprise user data obtained from a database, such as age, gender, height, weight, health condition/health data, and/or area of residence (such as a municipality) of the user. The first secondary data may comprise a first secondary timestamp. The first secondary timestamp may at least be indicative of a day. The first secondary data may comprise data obtained e.g. from other third party applications on an electronic device. For example, age, gender, height and weight data may be obtained from a health application or an operating system information database on a smartphone, where the user has typed in his/her data. In one or more exemplary methods, first secondary data such as age, gender, height and weight data may be obtained via the first primary data, e.g. via one or more first questions.

The method comprises determining a first score based on the first data. The first score may be determined based on the first primary data and/or the first secondary data. The first score may be determined based on one or more parameters comprised in the first data. In other words, the first score may be determined based on the first primary user input and/or the first secondary user input. For example, the first score may be determined based on answer data indicative of answers being input by the user. The first score may be based on the first answers of the user to the first questions of the first questionnaire. The first score may be a weighted score. For example, the first score may be weighted based on a weighing of the obtained first data, e.g. on a weighing of the user data, such as inputted user data. For example, the age of the user may have a larger weighting coefficient than the gender or vice-versa, and the health data may have a larger weighting coefficient than the height or vice-versa. The weighting of the first data may depend on the disease that is to be monitored. The first answers of the user may be weighted differently depending on the provided answers and/or the first questions.

The first score may be a score out of a total number of points that may be scored. The first score may be denoted P_1. The second primary score P_2_1 and/or the second secondary score P_2_2 may comprise the sum of the scores or values assigned to the answers FXJ provided by the user to the first primary questions of the first questionnaire. The first score may comprise the total number of points that the user has scored when answering the first questions. Each first answer from the user may give a number of points assigned to the answer FXJ where i is the answer number. The first score may be expressed as a sum of values based on first answers: P_1 = FX_1 + FX_2 + FX_3 ... + FX_n. The number of points assigned to the answer FXJ for a question may for example be in the range from 0 to 10. The value or score 0 may be given when the answer is negative, such as a “No” answer. A positive value or score such as 1-10 may be given when the answer is positive, such as a “Yes” answer. The number of points or value given for or assigned to each answer FXJ may then depend on a weighing of the question and/or a weighting of the answer. For example, when the first primary question Fq_1 have a high importance, the first primary answer X_1 may be assigned a value or score in the range from 5 to 10 if the first primary answer X_1 is positive, e.g. a Yes answer. For example, when the first primary question Fq_1 have a medium importance, the first primary answer X_1 may be assigned the value or score in the range from 4 to 6 if the first primary answer X_1 is positive, e.g. a Yes answer. For example, when the first primary question Fq_1 have a low importance, the first primary answer X_1 may be assigned a value or score in the range from 1 to 3 if the first primary answer X_1 is positive, e.g. a Yes answer. A negative answer, such as a “No” answer may be assigned the value or score 0. In one or more embodiments, a “No” answer may be assigned a negative value or score such as in the range from -5 to -1 . A “maybe” answer may be considered as a neutral answer and may be assigned a value or score in the range 0 to 1 .

The first score may be given by: P_1 = a_1 -FX_1 + a_2 FX_2 + a_3 FX_3 ... + a_n-FX_n, where aj, i =1 n are weighting coefficients and FXJ, i=1 n are indicative of first answers. A weighting coefficient a_i may be assigned to each first answer FXJ, e.g. to each first answer option.

The first score may be given by: P_1 = f1 (FX_1 ) + f2(FX_2) + f3(FX_3) ... + fn(FX_n), where fi, i =1 n are functions and FXJ, i=1 n are indicative of first answers. A function fi may be assigned to each answer FXJ. The functions fi may for example comprise or be based on a look-up table, a linear or non-linear function, a model, or a neural network.

The method optionally comprises obtaining second primary data also denoted SD_1 indicative of a user condition.

The second primary data may comprise one or more user inputs, including a second primary user input. The second primary data may comprise a second primary user input comprising answer data indicative of one or more answers being input by a user indicative of a user condition. In other words, the second primary data may comprise user condition data. The user may provide one or more answers e.g. in response to one or more questions and/or instructions presented to the user. The second primary data may comprise second primary answers in response to second primary questions. The user may for example provide the second primary user input comprising one or more answers to a questionnaire, such as a second primary answer to a second primary questionnaire, e.g. performed via an electronic device. The second primary answer may be indicative of a user condition. The second primary data may comprise the second primary answer. The second primary data may comprise text data, audio data, image data, and/or video data indicative of the user condition. The second primary data may comprise one or more sets of second primary questions and second primary answers, including a second primary set of question and answer. The second primary set of question and answer may comprise a first question of the second primary questionnaire and a first answer to the first question. The second primary questionnaire may comprise two, three, five, ten, or twenty questions.

The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had a sore throat (such as swallowing pain) in the past day (e.g. past 24 hours). The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had fever in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had muscle pain or soreness in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had shortness of breath in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had respiratory problems in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had a headache in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had dizziness in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had stomach pain in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had diarrhea in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had nausea in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user has been vomiting in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user has been more confused than normal in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user has been more tired than normal in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user has been coughing more than normal in the past day. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had more difficulties tasting or smelling than normal in the past day. The second primary data may comprise a second primary timestamp. The second primary timestamp may at least be indicative of a date and optionally an hour, such as at least indicative of a minute, and/or a second. For example, a first second primary question SPq_1 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had a sore throat (such as swallowing pain) in the past day (e.g. past 24 hours)?”. A first second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know. The user may then choose one of the options from the first second primary answer option configuration as the second primary answer SPXJ. For example, SPXJ may be assigned the value or score 1 if “yes” and the value or score 0 if “No”. If the answer includes a value, such as not a yes, no, or maybe answer, the indicated value may be assigned to SPXJ. If the answer includes text, such as not merely a yes, no, or maybe answer, the indicated text may be assigned to SPXJ. The answer may also be selected from a list of answers, such as a list of text fields. Each text field may comprise an identifier and the identifier may be assigned to the answer SPXJ.

For example, a second second primary question SPq_2 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had fever in the past day (such as above 38°C)?”. A second second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know. When the answer is yes, the second primary question SPq_2 may comprise a second second primary sub-question SPq_2_1 that may be: “if yes, can you provide a measured value of fever?”. The second second primary sub-answer option configuration may comprise a list of numerical values indicative of a measured fever temperature, such as comprised in a drop-down list, a scroll-list, or a rolling list. Alternatively, or additionally, the second second primary sub-answer option configuration may comprise a text input field, where the user may type in the measured fever temperature value. The text input may then be assigned to SPXJ.

For example, a third second primary question SPq_3 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had muscle pain or soreness in the past day?”. A third second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a fourth second primary question SPq_4 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had shortness of breath in the past day?”. A fourth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know. For example, a fifth second primary question SPq_5 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had respiratory problems in the past day?”. A fifth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a sixth second primary question SPq_6 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had a headache in the past day?”. A sixth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a seventh second primary question SPq_7 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had dizziness in the past day?”. A seventh second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, an eight second primary question SPq_8 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had stomach pain in the past day?”. An eight second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a nineth second primary question SPq_9 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had stomach pain in the past day?”. A nineth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a tenth second primary question SPq_10 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had diarrhea in the past day?”. A tenth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, an eleventh second primary question SPq_11 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had nausea in the past day?”. An eleventh second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a twelfth second primary question SPq_12 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you been vomiting in the past day?”. A twelfth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know. For example, a thirteenth second primary question SPq_13 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you been more confused than normal in the past day?”. A thirteenth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a fourteenth second primary question SPq_14 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you been more tired than normal in the past day?”. A fourteenth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a fifteenth second primary question SPq_15 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you been coughing more than normal in the past day?”. A twelfth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a sixteenth second primary question SPq_16 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had more difficulties tasting than normal in the past day?”. A sixteenth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

For example, a seventeenth second primary question SPq_17 of the second primary questionnaire may be: “have you had more difficulties smelling than normal in the past day?”. A seventeenth second primary answer option configuration may comprise three options such as yes, no, and don’t know.

The method comprises determining a second score, such as a second primary score also denoted P_2_1 and/or a second secondary score P_2_2, based on the second primary data also denoted SD_1 and/or the second secondary data also denoted SD_2.

The second primary score and/or the second secondary score may be a score out of a total number of points that may be scored. The second primary score and/or the second secondary score may respectively be denoted P_2_1 and P_2_1. The second primary score P_2_1 may comprise the sum of the scores or values assigned to the second primary answers SPXJ provided by the user to the second primary questions of the second primary questionnaire. The second secondary score P_2_2 may comprise the sum of the scores or values assigned to the second secondary answers SSXJ provided by the user to the second secondary questions of the second secondary questionnaire.

The second primary score and/or the second secondary score may comprise the total number of points that the user has scored when answering respectively the second primary questions and the second secondary questions. Each second primary answer and/or second secondary answer from the user may give a number of points assigned to the answer SPXJ and/or SSXJ where i is the answer number. The second primary score may be expressed as a sum of values based on second primary answers: P_2_1 = SPX_1 + SPX_2 + SPX_3 ... + SPX_n. The second secondary score may be expressed as a sum of values based on second secondary answers: P_2_2 = SSX_1 + SSX_2 + SSX_3 ... + SSX_n.

The number of points assigned to the answer SPXJ and/or SSXJ for a question may for example be in the range from 0 to 10. The value or score 0 may be given when the answer is negative, such as a “No” answer. A positive value or score such as 1-10 may be given when the answer is positive, such as a “Yes” answer. The number of points or value given for or assigned to each answer SPXJ and/or SSXJ may then depend on a weighing of the question and/or a weighting of the answer. For example, when the first second primary question SPq_1 have a high importance, the first second primary answer SPX_1 may be assigned a value or score in the range from 5 to 10 if the first second primary answer SPX_1 is positive, e.g. a Yes answer. For example, when the first second primary question SPq_1 have a medium importance, the first second primary answer SPX_1 may be assigned the value or score in the range from 4 to 6 if the first second primary answer SPX_1 is positive, e.g. a Yes answer. For example, when the first second primary question SPq_1 have a low importance, the first second primary answer SPX_1 may be assigned a value or score in the range from 1 to 3 if the first second primary answer SPX_1 is positive, e.g. a Yes answer. A negative answer, such as a “No” answer may be assigned the value or score 0. In one or more embodiments, a “No” answer may be assigned a negative value or score such as in the range from -5 to -1. A “maybe” answer may be considered as a neutral answer and may be assigned a value or score in the range 0 to 1.

The second primary score may be given by: P_2_1 = a_1 SPX_1 + a_2 SPX_2 + a_3 SPX_3 ... + a_n-SPX_n, where aj, i =1 n are weighting coefficients and SPXJ, i=1 n are indicative of second primary answers. A weighting coefficient a_i may be assigned to each second primary answer SPXJ, e.g. to each second primary answer option.

The second secondary score may be given by: P_2_2 = a_1 SSX_1 + a_2 SSX_2 + a_3 SSX_3 ... + a_n-SSX_n, where aj, i =1 n are weighting coefficients and SSXJ, i=1 n are indicative of second secondary answers. A weighting coefficient a_i may be assigned to each second secondary answer SSXJ, e.g. to each second secondary answer option.

The second primary score may be given by: P_2_1 = f1(SPX_1) + f2(SPX_2) + f3(SPX_3) ... + fn(SPX_n), where fi, i =1 n are functions and SPXJ, i=1 n are indicative of second primary answers. A function fi may be assigned to each second primary answer SPXJ. The functions fi may for example comprise or be based on a look-up table, a linear or non-linear function, a model, or a neural network.

The second secondary score may be given by: P_2_2 = f1(SSX_1) + f2(SSX_2) + f3(SSX_3) ... + fn(SSX_n), where fi, i =1 n are functions and SSXJ, i=1 n are indicative of second secondary answers. A function fi may be assigned to each second secondary answer SSXJ. The functions fi may for example comprise or be based on a look-up table, a linear or non-linear function, a model, or a neural network.

The method comprises determining a user score based on the first score and/or the second score(s). For example, a user score, such as a first user score, may be based on the first score and the second primary score. In one or more exemplary methods, a user score, such as a second user score may be based on the first score and the second secondary score. The second user score may be based on the second primary score.

The user score may comprise a first user score. The first user score may be determined based on the first score and the second primary score. The first user score also denoted FS may be expressed as: FS = f 1 (P_1 , P_2_1), where f1 is a function, P_1 is the first score and P_2_1 is the second primary score. The user score may comprise a second user score. The second user score may be determined based on the second primary score, the second secondary score, and/or the first score. The second user score also denoted SS may be expressed as: SS = f2(P_1 , P_2_1), where f2 is a function, P_1 is the first score and P_2_1 is the second primary score. The second user score also denoted SS may be expressed as: SS = f2(P_1 , P_2_2), where f2 is a function, P_1 is the first score, and P_2_2 is the second secondary score. The second user score also denoted SS may be expressed as: SS = f2(P_1 , P_2_1 , P_2_2), where f2 is a function, P_1 is the first score, P_2_1 is the second primary score, and P_2_2 is the second secondary score.

The method comprises determining whether the user score satisfies or fulfills an action criterion, such as a first action criterion.

The action criterion may be indicative of a threshold value, such as a first threshold value, that the user score satisfies or not. The action criterion may be indicative of whether the user shall be tested for the disease to be monitored or not. In other words, the method comprises determining whether an action, such as an advisory action, should be taken in view of the determined user score. For example, when the user score satisfies the action criterion, there may be a probability that the user has the disease, or at least that the user is classified as being in a vulnerable group.

In one or more exemplary methods, determining whether the user score satisfies an action criterion comprises determining whether the user score is above, equal to, or below a first threshold or within a first range.

The method comprises outputting an advisory action in accordance with determining that the user score satisfies the action criterion. Determining that the user score satisfies the action criterion may be understood as the user score being above the first threshold, equal to and/or within the first range. For example, when the user score is equal to the first threshold, it may still be determined that the user score satisfies the action criterion for precautionary reasons. The advisory action may comprise to display a message or information text, e.g. via the electronic device, to the user. The message or information text may be indicative of an advisory action that the user may react on or take action on. For example, the advisory action may comprise to indicate to the user to perform a disease test in order to clarify whether the user is contaminated with the disease to be monitored or not. The advisory action may comprise to indicate to the user that he is in an exposed category with regard to a disease and should take precautionary measures, e.g. how to take precautionary measures. For example, try to avoid being in contact with anyone. The advisory action may provide guidance to users in relation to how to handle their user condition, e.g. when a pandemic or epidemic are present.

The method optionally comprises, when the user score does not satisfy the action criterion, refraining from outputting the advisory action or outputting a default action, such as “We currently do not recommend a test”. Determining that the user score does not satisfy the action criterion may be understood as the user score being below and/or equal to the first threshold.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method comprises generating the first questionnaire based on the first question configuration.

In one or more exemplary methods, obtaining second primary data comprises obtaining second primary data based on second primary answers to a second primary questionnaire performed via an electronic device.

The second primary questionnaire may be based on a second primary question configuration.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method comprises generating the second primary question configuration. To generate a question configuration, such as the second primary question configuration, may comprise selecting/generating a question from a second primary set of questions as the first question.

To generate a question configuration, such as the first question configuration, may comprise selecting/generating a first answer option configuration, e.g. indicative of a first set of answer options associated with the first question.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method comprises, after obtaining the second primary data, obtaining second secondary data based on second secondary answers to a second secondary questionnaire performed via an electronic device. The second secondary data may be indicative of a user condition, such as an updated user condition. The second secondary data may be obtained after a first time period after obtaining the second primary data. The first time period may be in the range of one to twenty four hours, such as after three hours, four hours, five hours, ten hours, or fifteen hours. The second secondary data may comprise one or more user inputs, including a second secondary user input. The second secondary user input may be subsequent to the second primary user input. The second secondary data may comprise a second secondary user input comprising answer data indicative of one or more answers being input by a user indicative of a user condition. The user condition may be an updated user condition after the first time period. The user may provide one or more answers e.g. in response to one or more questions and/or instructions presented to the user. The second secondary data may comprise second secondary answers in response to second secondary questions. The user may for example provide the second secondary user input comprising one or more answers to a questionnaire, such as a second secondary answer to a second secondary questionnaire, e.g. performed via an electronic device. The second secondary questionnaire may be an updated second primary questionnaire. In other words, the second secondary questionnaire may be substantially similar to the second primary questionnaire but with updated timestamps. The second secondary answer may be indicative of a user condition. The second secondary data may comprise the second secondary answer. The second secondary data may comprise text data, audio data, image data, and/or video data indicative of the user condition. The second secondary data may comprise one or more sets of second secondary questions and second secondary answers, including a second secondary set of question and answer. The second secondary set of question and answer may comprise a first question of the second secondary questionnaire and a first answer to the first question. The second secondary questionnaire may comprise two, three, five, ten, or twenty questions.

The user condition that the second secondary data is indicative of may comprise information about the user equivalent to the user condition that the second primary data is indicative of. The user condition that the second secondary data is indicative of may be an updated user condition. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had a sore throat (such as swallowing pain) since the second primary questionnaire was performed (e.g. in the first time period). The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had fever since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had muscle pain or soreness since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had shortness of breath since the second primary questionnaire was performed, whether the user have had respiratory problems since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had a headache since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had dizziness since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had stomach pain since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had diarrhea since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had nausea since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user has been vomiting since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user has been more confused than normal since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user has been more tired than normal since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user has been coughing more than normal since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The user condition may comprise information about whether the user have had more difficulties tasting or smelling than normal since the second primary questionnaire was performed. The second secondary data may comprise a second secondary timestamp. The second secondary timestamp may at least be indicative of a date and optionally an hour, such as at least indicative of a minute, and/or a second. The second secondary timestamp may comprise the first time period.

In one or more exemplary methods, the first question configuration comprises a hierarchy comprising a first layer including a first question and a first answer option configuration indicative of a first set of answer options associated with the first question. A hierarchy comprises a first layer, a second layer and optionally a third layer, each layer comprising one or more elements. The hierarchy may comprise an order of questions and answer options. One or more rules may define the relation between a layer (or element(s) thereof) and a subjacent layer (or element(s) thereof) . An element may be or comprise a question or a question identifier. An element may be or comprise an instruction or an instruction identifier. The question configuration, such as a layer of the hierarchy, may comprise one or more questions or question identifiers. The question configuration, such as a layer of the hierarchy, may comprise one or more instructions and/or instruction identifiers. The first set of answer options may comprise at least three answer options. The first question configuration may comprise a second layer including at least two second questions associated with the first question. The first question configuration, such as the first layer of a hierarchy, may comprise a first set Qi of questions. The first set Qi of questions comprises one or more first questions or first question identifiers also denoted qi, where i is an index from 1 to n i, where n i is the number of questions in the first set of questions. Accordingly, the first set of questions may comprise a first primary question qi and/or a first secondary question. In the present context, first questions are indexed with a single index.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method comprises updating the second score based on the second secondary data, e.g. after the first time period.

The second score may be updated based on the second primary data and the second secondary data. The updated second score may be denoted second secondary score. The second secondary score may be updated based on one or more parameters comprised in the second secondary data. In other words, the second secondary score may be determined based on the second primary user input and/or the second secondary user input. For example, the second secondary score may be determined based on answer data indicative of answers being input by the user. The second secondary score may be based on second secondary answers of the user to the second secondary questions of the second secondary questionnaire.

The user may perform the same second questionnaire after the first time period but answer differently than the first time. For example, the user may perform the second secondary questionnaire after ten hours and feel some symptoms that he did not feel the first time he performed the second questionnaire or vice-versa. The second score may therefore change in time for the user.

The second score may be a score out of a total number of points that may be scored. The second score may for example be denoted as P_2_2 (n), where n is the total number of second secondary data, e.g. the total number of second secondary questions and/or second secondary answers. The second score may be the total number of points that the user has scored when answering the second secondary questions. Each second secondary answer SSXJ from the user have a value or a score assigned. The second score may be expressed as : P_2_2 = SSX_1 + SSX_2 + SSX_3 ... + SSX_n. The number of points assigned to the answer SSXJ for a question may for example be in the range from 0 to 10. The value or score 0 may be given when the answer is negative, such as a “No” answer. A positive value or score such as 1-10 may be given when the answer is positive, such as a “Yes” answer. The number of points or value given for or assigned to each answer SSXJ may then depend on a weighing of the question and/or a weighting of the answer. For example, when the first second secondary question SSq_1 have a high importance, the first second secondary answer SSX_1 may be assigned a value or score in the range from 5 to 10 if the first second secondary answer SSX_1 is positive, e.g. a Yes answer. For example, when the first second secondary question SSq_1 have a medium importance, the first second secondary answer SSX_1 may be assigned the value or score in the range from 4 to 6 if the first second secondary answer SSX_1 is positive, e.g. a “Yes” answer. For example, when the first second secondary question SSq_1 have a low importance, the first second secondary answer SSX_1 may be assigned a value or score in the range from 1 to 3 if the first second secondary answer SSX_1 is positive, e.g. a Yes answer. A negative answer, such as a “No” answer may be assigned the value or score 0. In one or more embodiments, a “No” answer may be assigned a negative value or score such as in the range from -5 to -1. A “maybe” answer may be considered as a neutral answer and may be assigned a value or score in the range 0 to 1 .

The second secondary score may be given by: P_2_2 = a_1 SSX_1 + a_2 SSX_2 + a_3 SSX_3 ... + a_n-SSX_n, where aj, i =1 n are weighting coefficients and SSXJ, i=1 n are indicative of second secondary answers. A weighting coefficient aj may be assigned to each second secondary answer SSXJ, e.g. to each second secondary answer option. The second secondary score may be given by: P_2_2 = f1 (SSX_1) + f2(SSX_2) + f3(SSX_3) ... + fn(SSX_n), where fi, i =1 n are functions and SSXJ, i=1 , .... n are indicative of second secondary answers. A function fi may be assigned to each second secondary answer SSXJ. The functions fi may for example comprise or be based on a look-up table, a linear or non-linear function, a model, or a neural network.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method comprises updating the user score based on the updated second score, e.g. after the first time period. The updated user score may be denoted as a second user score. The second user score may be determined based on the first score, the second primary score, and/or the second secondary score. The second user score may be expressed as: SS = f2(P_1 , P_2_1 , P_2_2), where P_1 is the first score, P_2_1 is the second primary score, and P_2_2 is the second secondary score. The user may perform the same second questionnaire after the first time period but answer differently than the first time. For example, the user may perform the second secondary questionnaire after ten hours and feel some symptoms that he did not feel the first time he performed the second questionnaire or vice-versa. The user score may therefore change in time for the user.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method comprises determining whether the updated user score satisfies or fulfills an action criterion, such as a second action criterion. The second action criterion may be the same or different than the first action criterion. The second action criterion may be indicative of a second threshold value that the user score satisfies or not. In other words, the method comprises determining whether an action, such as an advisory action, should be taken in view of the determined updated user score. For example, when the updated user score satisfies the action criterion, there may be a probability that the user has the disease, or at least that the user is classified as being in a vulnerable group. The user score may not have satisfied the action criterion after the second primary questionnaire, but the updated user score may satisfy the action criterion after the first time period or vice-versa.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method comprises outputting an advisory action, such as an updated advisory action, in accordance with determining that the updated user score satisfies the action criterion.

The method may comprise, when the updated user score does not satisfy the action criterion, refraining from outputting the advisory action or outputting a default action, such as “We currently do not recommend a test” or “Please refrain from getting tested to avoid an overload of people at the test centers”.

In one or more exemplary methods, outputting an advisory action comprises displaying a first user interface, indicative of the advisory action and/or indicative of, e.g. being, a link to a disease information website. A user interface may comprise one or more, such as a plurality of user interface objects. For example, the first user interface may comprise one or more first user interface objects, such as a first primary user interface object and/or a first secondary user interface object.

The advisory action may be comprised in a first user interface object, such as a first primary user interface object. For example, an advisory action may include: ”We recommend that you get a test”. For example, an advisory action may include: ”We recommend that you stay at home and avoid as much as possible to get in contact with other people outside from your household”. For example, an advisory action may include: ”We recommend that you stay at home and avoid as much as possible to get in contact with other people before you have been tested for the disease to be monitored/handled”. For example, an advisory action may include: ”We recommend that you wear a facemask when you go outside your house”. For example, an advisory action may include: ”We recommend that you

A first user interface object may be representative of the link to the disease information website. In one or more example methods, the method comprises detecting a selection of the first user interface object, e.g. the user selecting or clicking the link to the disease information website. A user interface object may refer herein to a graphical representation of an object that is displayed on a display of the electronic device. The user interface object may be user-interactive, or selectable by a user input. For example, an image (e.g., icon), a button, and text (e.g., hyperlink) each optionally constituting a user interface object. The user interface object may form part of a widget. A widget may be seen as a mini-application that may be used by the user.

In Denmark, the disease information website for the Covid-19 disease may for example be a link to www.coronaprover.dk.

In one or more exemplary methods, outputting an advisory action comprises displaying a second user interface, e.g. indicative of the advisory action and/or indicative of, e.g. being, a link to a disease test booking system.

A user interface may comprise one or more, such as a plurality of user interface objects. For example, the second user interface may comprise a second primary user interface object and/or a second secondary user interface object. The second user interface object may be representative of the link to the disease information website. In one or more example methods, the method comprises detecting a selection of the second user interface object, e.g. the user selecting or clicking the link to the disease information website.

The second user interface object may be representative of the link to the disease test booking system. In one or more example methods, the method comprises detecting a selection of the second user interface object, e.g. the user selecting or clicking the link to the disease test booking system, where the user may book a time for being tested for the disease to be monitored/handled.

In Denmark, the disease test booking system information website for the Covid-19 disease may for example be a link to www.coronaprover.dk. The second user interface may display to the user, e.g. via an electronic device, a second secondary user interface object being representative of a suggested appointment for being tested for the disease to be monitored.

A server device for disease monitoring is disclosed. The server device comprises a memory, an interface, and one or more processors.

The memory circuitry may be one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable media, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable device. In a typical arrangement, the memory circuitry may include a non-volatile memory for long term data storage and a volatile memory that functions as system memory for the processor circuitry. The memory circuitry may exchange data with the processor circuitry over a data bus. Control lines and an address bus between the memory circuitry and the processor circuitry also may be present. The memory circuitry is considered a non-transitory computer readable medium. The memory circuitry may be configured to store sensor data, and mobility data in a part of the memory.

The interface may comprise a wired interface and/or a wireless interface.

The one or more processors are optionally configured to obtain first data indicative of user data from an electronic device. The first data may be obtained from an electronic device and/or a global network such as the internet, via the interface. The one or more processors are optionally configured to obtain second primary data indicative of a user condition from the electronic device. The second primary data may be obtained from an electronic device via the interface.

The one or more processors are optionally configured to determine a first score based on the first data.

The one or more processors are optionally configured to determine a second score based on the second primary data.

The one or more processors are optionally configured to determine a user score based on the first score and the second score.

The one or more processors are optionally configured to determine whether the user score satisfies an action criterion.

The one or more processors are optionally configured to transmit, in response to the user score satisfying the action criterion, advisory action data to the electronic device. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit the advisory action data to the electronic device via the interface. The advisory action data may be indicative of an advisory action. The processor of the electronic device may be configured to generate an advisory action based on the advisory action data received from the server device. The processor of the electronic device may be configured to output the generated advisory action to the user via the interface. The advisory action may comprise a list of test facilities and/or test capability, available times, link to disease test booking system, e.g. indicative of preferred test centre and priority for being tested.

An electronic device for disease monitoring is disclosed. The electronic device comprises a memory, an interface (such as one or more interfaces), and a processor (such as one or more processors). The memory circuitry may be one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable media, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable device. In a typical arrangement, the memory circuitry may include a non-volatile memory for long term data storage and a volatile memory that functions as system memory for the processor circuitry. The memory circuitry may exchange data with the processor circuitry over a data bus. Control lines and an address bus between the memory circuitry and the processor circuitry also may be present. The memory circuitry is considered a non-transitory computer readable medium. The memory circuitry may be configured to store sensor data, and mobility data in a part of the memory.

The interface may comprise a wired interface and/or a wireless interface. The interface may comprise one or more displays including a first display.

The electronic device may be configured to act as a user device that a user may use for disease monitoring. The electronic device may comprise a computer device (such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a cell phone, a tablet, and/or a computer such as a laptop or a stationary computer).

The processor is configured to obtain first data indicative of user data via the interface. The processor is configured to obtain second primary data indicative of a user condition via the interface. The electronic device may be configured to obtain/receive one or more user inputs such as a first primary user input, a second primary user input, and/or a second secondary user input. The first primary user input, the second primary user input, and/or the second secondary user input may be received via the interface, such as a user interface.

The first display of the electronic device may be configured to detect the first primary user input, the second primary user input, and/or the second secondary user input, such as a touch input from the user, for example when the first display comprises a touch-sensitive display. The first primary user input, the second primary user input, and/or the second secondary user input may comprise a contact on the touch sensitive display. A touch- sensitive display may provide a first user interface and/or a second user interface (such as an input interface) and an output interface between the electronic device and the user. The processor of the electronic device may be configured to receive and/or send electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive display. A touch-sensitive display may be configured to display visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). For example, some, most, or all of the visual output may be seen as corresponding to user-interface objects. The processor of the electronic device may be configured to display, on the first display, one or more user interfaces, such as user interface screens, including a first user interface and/or a second user interface. A user interface may comprise one or more, such as a plurality of user interface objects. For example, the first user interface may comprise a first primary user interface object and/or a first secondary user interface object. A second user interface may comprise a second primary user interface object and/or a second secondary user interface object. A user interface may be referred to as a user interface screen.

An input, such as the first primary user input, the second primary user input and/or the second secondary user input, may comprise a touch (e.g. a tap, a force touch, a long press), a and/or movement of contact (e.g. a swipe gesture, e.g. for toggling). The movement on contact may be detected by a touch sensitive surface, e.g. on the first display of the electronic device. Thus, the first display may be a touch sensitive display. The first input (such as first user input), such as first input and/or second input, may comprise a lift off. A user input, such as the first primary user input, the second primary user input and/or the second secondary user input, may comprise a touch and a movement followed by a lift off.

The processor is configured to transmit the first data and/or the second primary data to a server device. The processor is configured to obtain advisory action data from the server device.

The processor is configured to output an advisory action based on the advisory action data via the interface.

In one or more exemplary electronic devices, the processor is configured to obtain first primary data via performance of a first questionnaire via the interface.

In one or more exemplary electronic devices, the processor is configured to obtain second primary data via performance of a second primary questionnaire via the interface.

In one or more exemplary electronic devices, the processor is configured to obtain second secondary data via performance of a second secondary questionnaire via the interface. The first questionnaire, the second primary questionnaire, and/or the second secondary questionnaire may be displayed as user interfaces on the electronic device. The first questionnaire, the second primary questionnaire, and/or the second secondary questionnaire as user interfaces may comprise one or more, such as a plurality of user interface objects. For example, the first user interface may comprise a first primary user interface object and/or a first secondary user interface object.

The first user interface object may be representative of a first question and a first answer option configuration associated with the first questionnaire. In one or more example methods, the method comprises detecting a selection of the first user interface object, e.g. the user selecting or clicking the first answer to the first question. A user interface object refers herein to a graphical representation of an object, such as a questionnaire comprising a question and an answer option configuration, that is displayed on a display of the electronic device. The user interface object may be user-interactive, or selectable by a user input. For example, an image (e.g., icon), a button, a drop-down list comprising one or more answer options, and text (e.g., hyperlink) each optionally constituting a user interface object.

A system for disease monitoring is disclosed. The system comprises an electronic device according to this disclosure and a server device according to this disclosure.

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary system for disease monitoring according to the present disclosure. The system 2 for disease monitoring comprises an electronic device 10 and a server device 20. The electronic device 10 comprises a memory 10A, one or more interfaces 10B, and a processor 10C. The server device 20 comprises a memory 20A, one or more interfaces 20B, and one or more processors 20C. A user 1 A may provide first data to the electronic device 10, such as first primary data e.g. by performing a questionnaire, such as a first questionnaire, a second primary questionnaire, and/or a second secondary questionnaire via the electronic device 10. The user 1A may perform the questionnaire via a first display of the one or more interfaces 10B of the electronic device 10. The electronic device 10 may be configured to act as a user device that the user 1A may use for disease monitoring/handling. The processor 10C is configured to obtain 4 first data indicative of user data via the interface 10B. The processor 10C is configured to obtain 4 second primary data indicative of a user condition via the interface 10B. The processor 10C is configured to transmit 12 the first data and/or the second primary data to the server device 20, e.g. via a network 40 such as a global network, e.g. the internet. The processor 10C is configured to obtain 14 advisory action data from the server device 20, e.g. via the network 40. The processor 10 is configured to output 6 an advisory action to the user 1A based on the advisory action data via the interface 10B.

Optionally, the processor 10C is configured to obtain 4 first primary data via performance of a first questionnaire via the interface 10B. Optionally, the processor 10C is configured to obtain 4 second primary data via performance of a second primary questionnaire via the interface 10B. Optionally, the processor 10C is configured to obtain 4 second secondary data via performance of a second secondary questionnaire via the interface 10B. Optionally, the electronic device 10 is configured to obtain 14 first data, such as first secondary data, via the network 40.

The one or more processors 20C are configured to obtain 16 first data indicative of user data from the electronic device 10. The first data may be obtained from the electronic device 10 and/or the network 40, via the interface 20B.The one or more processors 20C are configured to obtain 16 second primary data indicative of a user condition from the electronic device 10, e.g. via the network 40. The one or more processors 20C are configured to determine a first score based on the first data. The one or more processors 20C are configured to determine a second score based on the second primary data. The one or more processors 20C are configured to determine a user score based on the first score and the second score. The one or more processors 20C are configured to determine whether the user score satisfies an action criterion. The one or more processors 20C are configured to transmit 18, in response to the user score satisfying the action criterion, advisory action data to the electronic device 10, e.g. via the network 40. The advisory action data may be indicative of an advisory action. The processor 10C of the electronic device 10 may be configured to generate an advisory action based on the advisory action data received from the server device 20. The processor 10C of the electronic device 10 may be configured to output 6 the generated advisory action to the user 1A via the interface 10B.

Optionally, the system 2 comprises a caretaker electronic device 30 configured to operate as a user device for a caretaker 1 B, such as a doctor, a nurse, or the like. The caretaker electronic device 30 may be configured to transmit 22 advisory action data to the electronic device 10 and/or the server device 20, via the network 40. For example, the caretaker 1 B may transmit 22 an advisory action based on the advisory action data to the user 1 A via the caretaker electronic device 30, the network 40, and the electronic device 10. The caretaker electronic device 30 may be configured to receive/obtain 24 the first data, the second primary data, and/or the second secondary data from the electronic device 10 and/or the server device 20, e.g. via a network 40 such as a global network, e.g. the internet.

Figs. 2A-B is a flow diagram of an exemplary method for disease monitoring according to the present disclosure.

The method 100 comprises obtaining S102 first data indicative of user data. In one or more exemplary methods, obtaining S102 first data comprises obtaining S102A first primary data based on first answers to a first questionnaire performed via an electronic device.

The method 100 comprises determining S104 a first score based on the first data.

The method 100 comprises obtaining S106 second primary data indicative of a user condition. In one or more exemplary methods, obtaining S106 second primary data comprises obtaining S106A second primary data based on second primary answers to a second primary questionnaire performed via an electronic device.

The method 100 comprises determining S108 a second score based on the second primary data.

The method 100 comprises determining S110 a user score based on the first score and the second score.

The method 100 comprises determining S112 whether the user score satisfies an action criterion. In one or more exemplary methods, determining S112 whether the user score satisfies an action criterion comprises determining S112A whether the user score is above, equal to, or below a first threshold or within a first range.

The method 100 comprises outputting S114 an advisory action in accordance with determining that the user score satisfies the action criterion. In one or more exemplary methods, the method comprises, when the user score does not satisfy the action criterion, refraining S113 from outputting the advisory action or outputting a default action, such as “We currently do not recommend a test”.

In one or more exemplary methods, outputting S114 an advisory action comprises displaying S114A a first user interface indicative of a link to a disease information website.

In one or more exemplary methods, outputting S114 an advisory action comprises displaying S114B a second user interface indicative of a link to a disease test booking system.

In one or more exemplary methods, after obtaining S106 the second primary data, obtaining S116 second secondary data based on second secondary answers to a second secondary questionnaire performed via an electronic device.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method 100 comprises updating S118 the second score based on the second secondary data.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method 100 comprises updating S120 the user score based on the updated second score.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method 100 comprises determining S122 whether the updated user score satisfies an action criterion.

In one or more exemplary methods, the method 100 comprises outputting S124 an advisory action in accordance with determining that the updated user score satisfies the action criterion. In one or more exemplary methods, the method comprises, when the updated user score does not satisfy the action criterion, refraining S123 from outputting the advisory action.

In one or more exemplary methods, outputting S124 an advisory action comprises displaying S124A a first user interface indicative of a link to a disease information website.

In one or more exemplary methods, outputting S124 an advisory action comprises displaying S124B a second user interface indicative of a link to a disease test booking system. Fig. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an example on how to obtain first data, see e.g. S102 of Fig. 2A, and/or second data, such as second primary data and/or second secondary data see e.g. S106 of Fig. 2A and/or S116 of Fig. 2B. To generate a question configuration, such as the first question configuration, may comprise selecting/generating a question from a first set of questions as the first question. To generate a question configuration, such as the first question configuration, the second primary question configuration, and/or the second secondary configuration may comprise selecting/generating a first question. The obtain first data, second primary data and/or second secondary data may comprise to initiate 200 a questionnaire, such as the first questionnaire, the second primary questionnaire, and/or the second secondary questionnaire. The first questionnaire, the second primary questionnaire, and/or the second secondary questionnaire may be initiated by providing the first question, i.e. i = 1 . The first question may be a first primary question Fq_1 of the first questionnaire FqJ, a first second primary question SPq_1 of the second primary questionnaire SPqJ, and/or a first second secondary question SSq_1 of the second secondary questionnaire SSqJ. To generate a question configuration, may comprise selecting/generating a first answer option configuration, e.g. indicative of a first set of answer options associated with the first question. To obtain first data, second primary data and/or second secondary data may comprise to display 202 a first question FqJ, SPqJ, and/or SSqJ to the user, e.g. via an electronic device, e.g. by displaying a text field with the first question on the user interface. To obtain first data, second primary data, and/or second secondary data, may comprise to obtain 204 a first answer FXJ, SPXJ, and/or SSXJ to the first question. To obtain first data, second primary data and/or second secondary data may then comprise to determine/check 206 whether a sub-question exists based on the first question FqJ, SPqJ, and/or SSqJ and/or on the first answer FXJ, SPXJ, and/or SSXJ. When a subquestion exists, a sub-question FqJ_m, SPqJ_m, SSqJ_m may be displayed 208 to the user, e.g. via the electronic device. To obtain first data, second primary data and/or second secondary data may then comprise to obtain 210 a sub-answer FXJ_m, SPXJ_m, and/or SSXJ_m to the sub-question FqJ_m, SPqJ_m, SSqJ_m. To obtain first data, second primary data and/or second secondary data may then comprise to determine/check 212 whether further sub-questions exists based on the first question FqJ, SPqJ, SSqJ, the first answer FXJ, SPXJ, and/or SSXJ, and/or the first subanswer FXJ_m, SPXJ_m, and/or SSXJ_m to the sub-question. To obtain first data, second primary data and/or second secondary data may then comprise to determine/check 214 whether the questionnaire is done, e.g. whether there are further questions in the questionnaire or not. When it is determined that the questionnaire is done, to obtain first data, second primary data and/or second secondary data may comprise to terminate 218 the questionnaire, e.g. to store the first data, second primary data and/or second secondary data. When it is not determined that the questionnaire is done, to obtain first data, second primary data and/or second secondary data comprises to provide the next question of the questionnaire that has been initiated to the user by increment 216 the question number by, i.e. i = i + 1 and displaying the next question. The flow diagram is then repeated until the questionnaire is done.

Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a user interface of an electronic device according to the present disclosure, such as the electronic device 10. The electronic device 10 comprises a first display 11 configured to display one or more user interfaces and to receive user input via the one or more user interfaces. The one or more user interfaces comprise a first question user interface 50 and a first answer user interface 60 based on a first questionnaire. The processor of the electronic device 10 may be configured to display, on the first display 11 the first question user interface 50 and the first answer user interface 60. The first question user interface 50 comprises a user interface object 52 comprising a first question text. The first answer user interface 60 comprises three user interface objects 60A, 60B, 60C. The three user interface objects comprising a first user interface object 60A, a second user interface object 60B, and a third user interface object 60C. The three user interface objects may be indicative of three different answer options, e.g. the first user interface object 60A being indicative of answer option “yes”, the second user interface object 60B being indicative of answer option “no”, and the third user interface object 60C being indicative of answer option “don’t know”. As may be seen on Fig. 4, the user has provided a first primary user input indicative of a selection of the first user interface object 60A, i.e. there is a dot in the first circle. In other words, the user has selected the answer “yes” to the first question.

The use of the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. does not imply any particular order but are included to identify individual elements. Moreover, the use of the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. does not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Note that the words “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. are used here and elsewhere for labelling purposes only and are not intended to denote any specific spatial or temporal ordering.

Furthermore, the labelling of a first element does not imply the presence of a second element and vice versa.

It may be appreciated that Figs. 1-4 comprise some modules or operations which are illustrated with a solid line and some modules or operations which are illustrated with a dashed line. The modules or operations which are comprised in a solid line are modules or operations which are comprised in the broadest example embodiment. The modules or operations which are comprised in a dashed line are example embodiments which may be comprised in, or a part of, or are further modules or operations which may be taken in addition to the modules or operations of the solid line example embodiments. It should be appreciated that these operations need not be performed in order presented.

Furthermore, it should be appreciated that not all of the operations need to be performed. The exemplary operations may be performed in any order and in any combination.

It is to be noted that the word "comprising" does not necessarily exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed.

It is to be noted that the words "a" or "an" preceding an element do not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.

It should further be noted that any reference signs do not limit the scope of the claims, that the exemplary embodiments may be implemented at least in part by means of both hardware and software, and that several "means", "units" or "devices" may be represented by the same item of hardware.

The various exemplary methods, devices, and systems described herein are described in the general context of method steps processes, which may be implemented in one aspect by a computer program product, embodied in a computer-readable medium, including computer-executable instructions, such as program code, executed by computers in networked environments. A computer-readable medium may include removable and nonremovable storage devices including, but not limited to, Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVD), etc. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform specified tasks or implement specific abstract data types. Computer-executable instructions, associated data structures, and program modules represent examples of program code for executing steps of the methods disclosed herein. The particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures represents examples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions described in such steps or processes.

Although features have been shown and described, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the claimed invention, and it will be made obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. The claimed invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1A user

1 B caretaker

2 system

4 obtain from user

6 output to user

10 electronic device

11 first display

10A memory

10B interface

10C processor

12 transmit to server device

14 obtain from server device

16 obtain from electronic device

18 transmit to electronic device

20 server device

20A memory

20B interface

20C one or more processors

22 transmit to electronic device and/or server device

24 obtain from electronic device and/or server device

30 caretaker electronic device

40 network

50 first question user interface

52 user interface object

60 first answer user interface

60A first user interface object

60B second user interface object

60C third user interface object

100 method for disease monitoring

200 initiate

202 display

204 obtain 206 determine

208 display

210 obtain

212 determine

214 determine

216 increment

218 terminate

S102 obtaining first data indicative of user data. In one or more exemplary methods S102A obtaining first primary data based on first answers to a first questionnaire performed via an electronic device

S104 determining a first score based on the first data

S016 obtaining second primary data indicative of a user condition

S106A obtaining second primary data based on second primary answers to a second primary questionnaire performed via an electronic device

S108 determining a second score based on the second primary data

S110 determining a user score based on the first score and the second score

5112 determining whether the user score satisfies an action criterion

S112A determining whether the user score is above, equal to, or below a first threshold or within a first range

5113 refrain from outputting the advisory action

5114 outputting an advisory action in accordance with determining that the user score satisfies the action criterion

S114A displaying a first user interface indicative of a link to a disease information website S114B displaying a second user interface indicative of a link to a disease test booking system

S116 obtaining second secondary data based on second secondary answers to a second secondary questionnaire performed via an electronic device

S118 updating the second score based on the second secondary data

S120 updating the user score based on the updated second score

5122 determining whether the updated user score satisfies an action criterion

5123 refrain from outputting the advisory action

5124 outputting an advisory action in accordance with determining that the updated user score satisfies the action criterion S124A displaying a first user interface indicative of a link to a disease information website

S124B displaying a second user interface indicative of a link to a disease test booking system

Claims

42 CLAIMS

1 . A method for disease monitoring and/or handling, the method comprising: obtaining first data indicative of user data; determining a first score based on the first data; obtaining second primary data indicative of a user condition; determining a second score based on the second primary data; determining a user score based on the first score and the second score; determining whether the user score satisfies an action criterion; and outputting an advisory action in accordance with determining that the user score satisfies the action criterion.

2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein obtaining first data comprises obtaining first primary data based on first answers to a first questionnaire performed via an electronic device.

3. Method according to any of claims 1-2, wherein obtaining second primary data comprises obtaining second primary data based on second primary answers to a second primary questionnaire performed via an electronic device.

4. Method according to any of claims 1-3, the method comprising, after obtaining the second primary data, obtaining second secondary data based on second secondary answers to a second secondary questionnaire performed via an electronic device.

5. Method according to any of claims 1-4 as dependent on claim 2, wherein the first questionnaire comprises a plurality of first questions with associated first answers.

6. Method according to any of claims 1-5 as dependent on claim 2, wherein the first questionnaire is based on a first question configuration.

7. Method according to any of claims 1-6 as dependent on claim 6, wherein the first question configuration comprises a hierarchy comprising a first layer including a first question and a first answer option configuration indicative of a first set of answer options associated with the first question. 43

8. Method according to any of claims 1-7, wherein determining whether the user score satisfies an action criterion comprises determining whether the user score is above, equal to, or below a first threshold or within a first range.

9. Method according to any of claims 1-8 as dependent on claim 4, the method comprising: updating the second score based on the second secondary data; updating the user score based on the updated second score; determining whether the updated user score satisfies an action criterion; and outputting an advisory action in accordance with determining that the updated user score satisfies the action criterion.

10. Method according to any of claims 1-9, wherein outputting an advisory action comprises displaying a first user interface indicative of a link to a disease information website.

11. Method according to any of claims 1-10, wherein outputting an advisory action comprises displaying a second user interface indicative of a link to a disease test booking system.

12. Server device for disease monitoring and/or handling, the server device comprising a memory; an interface; and one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: obtain first data indicative of user data from an electronic device; obtain second primary data indicative of a user condition from the electronic device; determine a first score based on the first data; determine a second score based on the second primary data; determine a user score based on the first score and the second score; determine whether the user score satisfies an action criterion; and transmit, in response to the user score satisfying the action criterion, advisory action data to the electronic device. 44

13. Electronic device for disease monitoring and/or handling, the electronic device comprising a memory; an interface; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to: obtain first data indicative of user data via the interface; obtain second primary data indicative of a user condition via the interface; transmit the first data and/or the second primary data to a server device; obtain advisory action data from the server device; and output an advisory action based on the advisory action data via the interface.

14. Electronic device according to claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to obtain first primary data via performance of a first questionnaire via the interface.

15. Electronic device according to any of claims 13-14, wherein the processor is configured to obtain second primary data via performance of a second primary questionnaire via the interface.