WO2022089609A1 - 格栅填料单元、由其构成的规整填料、填料萃取塔和其应用 - Google Patents

格栅填料单元、由其构成的规整填料、填料萃取塔和其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022089609A1
WO2022089609A1 PCT/CN2021/127637 CN2021127637W WO2022089609A1 WO 2022089609 A1 WO2022089609 A1 WO 2022089609A1 CN 2021127637 W CN2021127637 W CN 2021127637W WO 2022089609 A1 WO2022089609 A1 WO 2022089609A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grid
extraction
packing
grid sheet
solvent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/127637
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐晓津
鲍迪
任晓甜
朱振兴
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Original Assignee
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202022453711.8U external-priority patent/CN214346494U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202011183941.5A external-priority patent/CN112370814A/zh
Application filed by Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing , China Petroleum and Chemical Corp filed Critical Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
Publication of WO2022089609A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022089609A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
    • C10G21/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
    • C10G21/12—Organic compounds only
    • C10G21/14—Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
    • C10G21/28—Recovery of used solvent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
    • C10G21/30—Controlling or regulating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal component of chemical equipment, more particularly, to a grid structured packing, which can be widely used in oil refining and chemical separation processes.
  • the invention also relates to a separation device in the fields of oil refining and chemical industry and an application method thereof, more particularly, to an extraction separation tower and an application method thereof.
  • Petroleum resources in the world are showing a trend of heavy and inferior quality, and the environmental protection regulations of various countries are becoming more and more strict, which puts forward higher requirements for light and clean refining products, clean and low-carbon refining processes, heavy oil Lightweight technology is getting more and more attention.
  • Solvent deasphalting is one of the important ways to lighten heavy oil. Residual oil can be separated to obtain deoiled asphalt rich in asphaltenes and metals, high carbon residue and deasphalted oil with low impurity content and low carbon residue. The combined process Very attractive in the further processing of heavy oil.
  • Residual oil solvent deasphalting for the purpose of producing light oil should use heavy hydrocarbons such as pentane as solvent, and use heavy solvent to remove all asphaltenes and most metals in heavy oil to obtain deasphalted oil with high yield , it is subjected to hydrotreating, and the deasphalted oil after hydrogenation can be used as the raw material for catalytic cracking or hydrocracking, so as to realize the production of light oil products. It is foreseeable that in the environment of shortage of petroleum resources and increasing demand for petroleum products, large-scale solvent deasphalting equipment and technologies with high yield of deasphalted oil will play a greater role in heavy oil processing, and at the same time bring more benefits to enterprises. high economic efficiency.
  • packed extraction column As a common liquid/liquid separation mass transfer equipment, packed extraction column is widely used in oil refining and chemical industry.
  • the packing is the core internal component of the packed extraction column, and its structure directly affects the mass transfer and separation efficiency of the extraction column.
  • Common extraction packings are usually divided into random packings and structured packings. Compared with random packings, structured packings have the advantages of pressure drop, large flux and less clogging due to their regular geometry. Structured packing can be divided into corrugated plate packing and grid packing. Generally speaking, grid packing has greater processing capacity and corrugated packing has better separation performance.
  • some have low mass transfer efficiency and insufficient separation effect; some are designed with more fine structures such as tongues, which can promote the breakup of droplets, which is beneficial to improve the mass transfer efficiency, and the higher the opening rate, The higher it is, the more beneficial it is to improve the mass transfer efficiency.
  • the more fine structures of the packing members the greater the obstruction of the two phases flowing up and down in the tower, thereby reducing the flux.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a grid packing unit, (extraction) structured packing and packing extraction tower with large processing capacity and high mass transfer efficiency on the basis of the prior art, which can be applied to solvent deasphalting Extraction equipment for other processes, and a method for solvent deasphalting of residual oil.
  • the present invention provides a grid packing unit, which is composed of obliquely staggered grid sheet groups, the included angle between adjacent grid sheet groups is 20-120°, and the grid sheet groups are formed of parallel grid sheets. It is composed of grille pieces, the angle between the grille piece and the horizontal plane is 0-90°, and the cross-section between the staggered/adjacent grille piece groups is provided with a block bar, and the block bar is connected to the adjacent side of the block bar.
  • the grid plate groups are parallel to each other.
  • the present invention provides an extraction structured packing, wherein the extraction structured packing is composed of two or more grid packing units spliced together.
  • the present invention provides a packed extraction column, comprising a shell, a raw material inlet located in the middle of the shell, an extraction solvent inlet located in the lower part, an extraction phase outlet at the top of the column, a raffinate phase outlet at the bottom of the column, and an extraction structured packing, so as to
  • the described extraction structured packing is packed in the extraction tower shell (for example, packed in the extraction section from the raw material inlet to the extraction solvent inlet);
  • the extraction structured packing is composed of one or more extraction packing units stacked; the extraction packing unit is composed of at least two sets of grid sheet groups that are staggered obliquely, and the included angle of adjacent grid sheet groups is 20-120 °, the grid sheet group is composed of grid sheets that are parallel to each other, the angle between the grid sheet and the horizontal plane is 0-90°, and the cross-section between the mutually staggered/adjacent grid sheet groups is provided with a barrier
  • the said blocking bar is parallel to the grid sheet group on the adjacent side.
  • the present invention provides an application method of the above-mentioned packed extraction column, wherein the extraction solvent enters the packed extraction column from the extraction solvent inlet and moves upward, and the heavy raw materials to be separated are introduced into the packed extraction column from the raw material inlet and then moves downward, and the two phases are extracted during the extraction process.
  • the light components in the heavy raw materials enter the solvent phase, and the remaining components continue downward and are discharged from the extraction tower from the raffinate phase outlet; the solvent and light components pass through the coalescing section to make the entrained non-phase components
  • the solute heavy raw materials are coalesced and separated, and the solvent leaving the coalescing section is discharged from the extraction column through the extraction phase outlet.
  • the present invention provides a method for solvent deasphalting of residual oil, using the above-mentioned packed extraction tower, the solvent as a continuous phase enters the packed extraction tower from the extraction solvent inlet and moves upward, and the residual oil is introduced into the packed extraction tower from the raw material inlet as a continuous phase.
  • the dispersed phase moves downward, the two phases fully contact and transfer mass in the extraction section, the light components in the residual oil enter the solvent phase, and the residual oil droplets continue to move downward into the residual oil space at the bottom of the tower, and are discharged from the raffinate phase outlet.
  • the solvent leaving the extraction section passes through the coalescing section to coalesce and separate the entrained dispersed phase droplets, and the solvent leaving the coalescing section is discharged from the extraction column from the outlet of the extraction phase;
  • the solvent is selected from propane, butane and pentane One or more of the alkanes.
  • the fluid flows along the flow channel formed by the staggered and inclined grid sheets, which can significantly increase the disturbance to the liquid flow process, promote the surface renewal effect of the liquid-liquid mass transfer process, and improve the extraction efficiency.
  • the two groups of grid sheets are alternately arranged and there are gaps between the grid sheets, which can avoid the flow dead zone caused by the wall effect and improve the uniformity of fluid distribution.
  • the inclined and regular flow channel arrangement can avoid the flow channel blockage caused by sedimentation.
  • the packing extraction tower provided by the invention is packed with extraction structured packing and coalescence structured packing, which can significantly increase the disturbance to the liquid flow process, promote the surface renewal effect of the liquid-liquid mass transfer process, and improve the extraction efficiency.
  • the two groups of grid sheets are alternately arranged and there are gaps between the grid sheets, which can avoid the flow dead zone caused by the wall effect and improve the uniformity of fluid distribution.
  • the inclined and regular flow channel arrangement can avoid the flow channel blockage caused by deposition.
  • the agglomerated structured packing has good affinity with the deoiled asphalt, and can effectively coalesce and remove the deoiled asphalt entrained by the deasphalted oil.
  • the packed extraction tower has simple structure, convenient and quick installation, high extraction and separation efficiency, and large liquid flooding flux.
  • the method for deasphalting heavy oil provided by the invention has the advantages of convenient and quick installation of the packed extraction tower, high extraction and separation efficiency, and can achieve a deasphalted oil yield of 60%-80% in the solvent deasphalting process of the residual oil, and the mass transfer unit height Can be less than 0.2m.
  • the treatment flux can be higher than 80 m 3 /m 2 /h.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a packed extraction column.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the grid packing unit (extraction structured packing) provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the grid packing unit provided by the present invention (agglomerated structured packing).
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the extraction separation-solvent recovery process.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the grid packing used in Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the grid packing used in Comparative Example 1.
  • Blocking bar 6 Heavy oil raw material inlet
  • the present invention provides a grid packing unit, which is composed of at least two sets of grid sheet groups that are staggered obliquely, and the included angle of adjacent grid sheet groups is 20-120°. It is composed of grille pieces, the angle between the grille piece and the horizontal plane is 0-90°, and the cross-section between the staggered/adjacent grille piece groups is provided with a block bar, and the block bar is connected to the adjacent side of the block bar.
  • the grid plate groups are parallel to each other.
  • the vertical direction refers to the direction parallel to the earth's axis, and upward is the positive direction.
  • the horizontal direction refers to the direction of the horizontal plane, and the vertical direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the two adjacent grid sheet groups when the grid packing unit is placed horizontally, the two adjacent grid sheet groups can be staggered obliquely to form such an intersecting plane, so that each grid sheet in the two adjacent grid sheet groups There is a line segment in this intersecting plane (also called “section” in this text), and these line segments or their extensions can intersect each other, resulting in several intersection points, each of which can produce 4 angles (2 of which are acute angles) or right angles, and the other two are obtuse or right angles), these four angles divide the plane into four parts. Project the intersecting plane in the vertical direction at any intersection to generate a projection vector. If the projection vector is in any of the above 4 parts, the included angle of adjacent grid groups is the angle corresponding to this part.
  • the acute angle or right angle is used as the included angle of the adjacent grid slice groups. If the intersecting plane is parallel to the horizontal plane, an acute angle or a right angle is also used as the included angle of adjacent grid sheet groups.
  • the grid packing unit is composed of two groups of grid sheet groups, and adjacent grid sheet groups are connected by welding. Blocking bars are provided on the intersecting section of the first grid sheet group and the second grid sheet group.
  • the width (maximum width) of the grid sheet is 5mm-150mm, preferably 10mm-80mm; the thickness of the grid sheet is 0.1mm-2mm, preferably 0.3- 1.5mm; the spacing between adjacent grid sheets is 5mm-150mm, preferably 10mm-80mm.
  • the length of the grid sheet is not particularly limited, for example, 100-500 mm, such as 100-300 mm.
  • the grid sheet is provided with small holes (one or more rows, such as two or three rows) at equal intervals.
  • small holes one or more rows, such as two or three rows.
  • the present invention does not limit the number of small holes in each row, and the number of small holes depends on the hole diameter, the central moment of adjacent small holes, the length and width of the grid sheet, and the like.
  • the diameter of the small holes is 2mm-10mm, the diameter of the small holes is not greater than 1/3 of the width of the grid sheet, and the central moment of the adjacent small holes is 10mm-100mm.
  • an arc sheet is arranged above the small hole, and the width of the arc sheet is within 2 mm of the diameter of the small hole or slightly larger than the diameter of the small hole; the radius of the arc sheet is 1 mm-8 mm.
  • the size of the grid packing unit is not particularly limited, for example, 100mm*100mm*100mm to 500mm*500mm*500mm.
  • the length and width of the baffle bars depend on the size of the grille pieces and the spacing between the grille pieces, and the thickness of the baffle bars may refer to the thickness of the grille pieces.
  • the plane formed by the length and width of the dam bars is parallel (or overlapping) with the cross-sections between the staggered/adjacent grid sheet groups.
  • the plane where the baffles are located is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the blocking bar is parallel to the grid sheet group on the adjacent side, located between two adjacent grid sheets in the grid sheet group, and between the two grid sheets. distances are equal.
  • the width of the blocking bars is 1/3-1/2 of the spacing between adjacent grid sheets.
  • the retaining bar and the grille are connected by welding.
  • the aperture ratio of the grid sheet is 5%-50%.
  • the grid sheet has at least one row of small holes, and if there are more than two rows of small holes, the small holes of each row are arranged in parallel or staggered arrangement.
  • the grid sheet is made of metal, preferably stainless steel.
  • the preferred embodiment of the grid packing unit provided by the present invention has the structure of small holes and arcs on the grid sheet, which can significantly increase the disturbance to the liquid flow process, promote the surface renewal effect of the liquid-liquid mass transfer process, and improve the extraction efficiency. .
  • the present invention also provides a packed extraction column, which is composed of a shell, a raw material inlet located in the middle of the shell, an extraction solvent inlet located in the lower part, an extraction phase outlet at the top of the column, a raffinate phase outlet at the bottom of the column, and an extraction structured packing.
  • the extraction structured packing is packed in the shell (for example, the extraction structured packing is packed in the extraction section between the raw material inlet and the extraction solvent inlet).
  • the top refers to 95-100%, such as 97-100%, or 100% of the height of the casing; the top refers to the part at the height of the casing 50-95%, e.g. 60-90%, or 70-85%; middle part is 30-70%, e.g.
  • top, top, middle, bottom, and bottom represent the relative heights between the parts.
  • the extraction structured packing is composed of one or two or more extraction packing units spliced together; the extraction packing unit is composed of at least two sets of grid sheet groups that are staggered obliquely, and the included angle of the adjacent grid sheet groups is 20° -120°, the grid sheet group is composed of grid sheets that are parallel to each other, and the angle between the grid sheet and the horizontal plane is 0-90°.
  • the baffle bars are parallel to the grid sheet group on the adjacent side thereof.
  • the extraction section between the raw material inlet and the extraction solvent inlet is filled with the extraction structured packing
  • the coalescing section between the raw material inlet and the tower top is packed with agglomeration structured packing.
  • the agglomerated structured packing is composed of one or two or more agglomerated packing units spliced together;
  • the included angle of the grid sheet group is 20-120°
  • the grid sheet group is composed of grid sheets that are parallel to each other, and the included angle between the grid sheet and the horizontal plane is 0-90°, and the grid sheets are staggered/adjacent to each other.
  • the section between the groups is provided with a blocking bar, and the blocking bar is parallel to the grid sheet group on the adjacent side thereof;
  • the coalescing packing unit is made of stainless steel, and the surface is sandblasted.
  • the extraction packing unit is composed of two kinds of grid sheet groups with different inclination angles staggered, and the adjacent grid sheet groups are connected by welding;
  • the coalescing packing unit is composed of two kinds of inclined grids.
  • the grid sheet groups with different angles are arranged in a staggered manner, and the adjacent grid sheet groups are connected by welding.
  • the width of the grid sheets constituting the grid sheet group is 5mm-150mm; the thickness of the grid sheets is 0.1mm-2mm; the spacing between adjacent grid sheets is 5mm-150mm; The width of the grid sheet is 10mm-80mm, the thickness of the grid sheet is 0.3-1.5mm, and the spacing between adjacent grid sheets is 10mm-80mm.
  • the distance between the blocking bar and the adjacent two mutually parallel grid sheets is equal, the width of the blocking bar is 1/3-1/2 of the distance between the mutually parallel grid sheets, and the blocking bar and the grid The pieces are connected by welding.
  • the grid sheet is provided with small holes at equal intervals, the diameter of the small holes is 2mm-10mm, and the diameter of the small holes is not greater than the width of the grid sheet. 1/3 of , the central moment of adjacent holes is 10mm-100mm.
  • an arc sheet is arranged above the small hole, and the width of the arc sheet is from the diameter of the small hole to 2 mm larger than the diameter of the small hole; the bending radius of the arc sheet is 1 mm-8 mm.
  • the aperture ratio of the grid sheet is 3%-50%; preferably 4%-15%.
  • the extraction structured packing is made of stainless steel.
  • the height-diameter ratio of the extraction column is (2-6): 1, and the distance between the bottom of the extraction packing and the bottom of the column is 0.5-5m.
  • the extraction packing unit is composed of two grid sheet groups with different inclination angles staggered, consisting of a first grid sheet group and a second grid sheet group Cyclic staggered composition, wherein, the included angle of two adjacent grid sheet groups is 20-120°, preferably the included angle of adjacent grid sheet groups is 90°, preferably the first grid sheet group and the second grid sheet The included angle of the grid sheets of the group is 45° with the horizontal plane.
  • Blocking bars are arranged on the plane (that is, the cross section) where the first grid sheet group and the second grid sheet group are connected, and the plane where the blocking bars are located is connected to the grid sheet and the second grid sheet of the first grid sheet group.
  • the grid sheets of the grid sheet group are respectively intersected; preferably, the plane on which the blocking bars are located is perpendicular to the grid sheets of the first grid sheet group and the grid sheets of the second grid sheet group, respectively, and the blocking bars are respectively vertical.
  • the bars are arranged in parallel with one of the sets of grid sheets.
  • the blocking bar is parallel to the first grid sheet group or parallel to the second grid sheet group, the distance between the blocking bar and the adjacent two mutually parallel grid sheets is equal, and the width of the blocking bar is parallel to each other. 1/3-1/2 of the grid spacing.
  • the extraction structured packing is made of stainless steel, and the grids are connected with the grids and between the blocking bars and the grids by welding. In one embodiment, the extractive structured packing is not surface blasted.
  • small holes are opened on the grid sheet, and more preferably, arc-shaped baffles (also called arc sheets) are arranged on the small holes.
  • arc-shaped baffles also called arc sheets
  • the structure with small holes and curved baffles can significantly increase the disturbance to the liquid flow process, promote the surface renewal effect of the liquid-liquid mass transfer process, and improve the extraction efficiency.
  • the coalescing packing unit is composed of two kinds of grid sheet groups with different inclination angles staggered, and is composed of a first grid sheet group and a second grid sheet group cyclically interlaced, wherein the adjacent two groups of grid sheet groups are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the included angle is 20-120°, preferably the included angle of the adjacent grid sheet group is 90°, preferably the included angle between the grid sheets of the first grid sheet group and the second grid sheet group and the horizontal plane is 45° .
  • Blocking bars are arranged on the plane where the first grid sheet group and the second grid sheet group are connected, and the plane where the blocking bars are located is connected to the grid sheets of the first grid sheet group and the grid sheets of the second grid sheet group.
  • the grids are respectively intersected; preferably, the plane on which the blocking bars are located is perpendicular to the grid sheets of the first grid sheet group and the grid sheets of the second grid sheet group, and the blocking bars are perpendicular to one of the grid sheets.
  • the grid sheet groups are arranged in parallel.
  • the blocking bar is parallel to the first grid sheet group or parallel to the second grid sheet group, the distance between the blocking bar and the adjacent two mutually parallel grid sheets is equal, and the width of the blocking bar is parallel to each other. 1/3-1/2 of the grid spacing.
  • the agglomerated structured packing is made of stainless steel, and the surface is sandblasted.
  • the grille pieces are connected with the grille pieces, and the blocking bars and the grille pieces are connected by welding.
  • the grid sheets of the agglomerated structured packing are perforated but not provided with any other internals.
  • the grid sheets of the agglomerated structured packing are free of openings, nor provided with any other internals.
  • the extraction structured packing is composed of two or more extraction packing units spliced together.
  • the present invention provides an extraction structured packing, which is composed of two or more grid packing units spliced together.
  • the agglomerated structured packing is composed of two or more agglomerated packing units spliced together. Two adjacent grid packing units can be parallel or staggered by a certain angle. Adjacent two coalescing packing units can be parallel or staggered by a certain angle.
  • the agglomeration structured packing is adapted to the shape of the reactor or the extraction tower.
  • the structured packing is composed of packing units arranged in the vertical direction, and the packing unit of the upper layer rotates 30-150° on the horizontal plane relative to the packing unit of the lower layer; more preferably 45-120°.
  • the extraction and coalescing structured packing further comprises a support plate arranged at the bottom and a cover plate arranged at the top, and the support plate and the cover plate are sieve plates, wire meshes or beams .
  • the invention also provides an application method of the packed extraction tower.
  • the extraction solvent enters the packed extraction tower from the extraction solvent inlet and moves upward, and the heavy raw materials to be separated are introduced into the packed extraction tower from the raw material inlet and then moves downward.
  • the two phases are fully contacted in the extraction section. Mass transfer, the light components in the heavy raw materials enter the solvent phase, and the remaining components continue downward and are discharged from the extraction tower from the raffinate phase outlet; the solvent and light components pass through the coalescing section to make the entrained immiscible heavy components
  • the raw materials are coalesced and separated, and the solvent leaving the coalescing section is discharged from the extraction column through the extraction phase outlet.
  • the present invention also provides a solvent deasphalting method, using any of the packed extraction towers of the present invention, the solvent as a continuous phase enters the packed extraction tower from the extraction solvent inlet and moves upward, and the residual oil is introduced into the packed extraction tower from the raw material inlet As the dispersed phase moves downward, the two phases fully contact mass transfer in the extraction section, the light components in the residual oil enter the solvent phase, and the residual oil droplets continue to move downward into the residual oil space at the bottom of the tower, and exit from the raffinate phase outlet.
  • the extraction tower is discharged; the solvent leaving the extraction section passes through the coalescing section to make the entrained dispersed phase droplets coalesce and separate, and the solvent leaving the coalescing section is discharged from the extraction column from the extraction phase outlet; the solvent is selected from propane, butane and One or more of pentane.
  • the material discharged from the extraction phase outlet enters the solvent recovery tower for separation of the deasphalted oil and the solvent, and the separated solvent is returned to the extraction tower for recycling.
  • the operating temperature of the packed extraction tower is 50-190 ° C, the operating pressure is 4.0-5.5MPa, and the mass ratio of solvent to residual oil is (1.5-5): 1;
  • the operating temperature is 180-260°C, and the operating pressure is 3.5-4.6MPa.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a packed extraction column.
  • the packed extraction column comprises a shell 13, a raw material inlet 6 located in the middle of the shell 13, an extraction solvent inlet 7 located in the lower part, an extraction phase outlet 8 at the top of the column, a raffinate phase outlet at the bottom of the column 9 and an extraction structured packing , the extraction structured packing is packed in the extraction tower shell.
  • the extraction section between the distributor of the raw material inlet 6 and the distributor of the extraction solvent inlet 7 is filled with extraction structured packing, and a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the extraction structured packing is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • coalescing section 11 Between the distributor of the raw material inlet 6 and the top of the extraction tower is a coalescing section 11, preferably a coalescing structured packing is filled in the coalescing section 11.
  • the structural schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the coalescing structured packing is shown in the figure 3 shown.
  • the packed extraction tower provided by the present invention is used for the method of deasphalting the residue oil.
  • the solvent enters the extraction tower as a continuous phase through the distributor of the extraction solvent inlet 7 and then moves upward, while the residual oil enters the extraction tower as a dispersed phase through the distributor of the raw material inlet 6, and Downward movement in the form of droplets.
  • the two phases are fully contacted for mass transfer in the extraction section 12, and the light components in the residual oil enter the solvent phase.
  • the residual oil droplets leaving the extraction section continue to move downward through the liquid-liquid interface 10, enter the residual oil space at the bottom of the tower, and are discharged from the extraction tower through the raffinate phase outlet 9.
  • the solvent leaving the extraction section continues to move upward, and passes through the coalescing section 11 to make the entrained dispersed phase droplets coalesce into larger droplets, and then the dispersed phase droplets formed by the coalescing move downward, so that as much as possible reduced entrainment of dispersed phase droplets.
  • the solvent leaving the coalescing section is finally discharged from the extraction column through the extraction phase outlet 8 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a grid packing unit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of an extraction structured packing unit.
  • the extraction structured packing unit is composed of two sets of multi-layer grid sheet groups staggered with each other, and the included angle between adjacent grid sheet groups is 90°.
  • the first grid plate group is composed of grid plates 1 parallel to each other
  • the second grid plate group is composed of grid plates 2 parallel to each other.
  • the included angle between the grid sheet and the horizontal direction is 45°
  • the included angle between the grid sheet and the horizontal direction is 45°.
  • the grid sheet is provided with at least one row of small holes 3, and the opening rate is 3%-50% (for example, 5%-50%).
  • the diameter of the small holes 3 is 2mm-10mm, and the central moments of the adjacent small holes are 10mm-100mm.
  • An arc 4 is arranged above the small hole 3, and the radius of the arc 4 is 1mm-8mm.
  • a blocking bar 5 is arranged on the intersecting section of the first grid sheet group and the second grid sheet group.
  • a gap is left between the grid sheets of two adjacent first grid sheet groups and the adjacent grid sheets, and the width of the gap is 5%-45% of the distance between the adjacent grid sheets.
  • the blocking bars 5 are in welding contact with the grid sheets 2 of the second grid sheet group.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the grid packing unit provided by the present invention. The difference from Figure 2 is that there are no small holes and no arcs on the grille.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the coalesced structured packing.
  • the coalescing packing unit is composed of at least a first grid sheet group 1 and a second grid sheet group 2 that are staggered obliquely, and the included angle between adjacent grid sheet groups is 20-120°.
  • the grid plate group is composed of grid plates that are parallel to each other, and the angle between the grid plate and the horizontal plane is 0-90°.
  • the blocking bar is parallel to the grid sheet group on the adjacent side thereof; the coalescing packing unit is made of stainless steel, and the surface is sandblasted.
  • the structure of the coalescing structured packing may be the same as the structure of the extraction structured packing, and may be different from the size and inclination angle of the extraction structured packing.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the extraction separation-solvent recovery process.
  • the residual oil enters the extraction tower from the extraction tower raw material inlet 6 and flows downward
  • the solvent enters the extraction tower from the extraction tower extraction solvent inlet 7 and flows upward
  • the contact mass transfer is performed in the extraction section 12 to make the residual oil.
  • the light oil in the solvent enters the solvent phase.
  • the extraction phase material flowing out from the extraction phase outlet at the top of the extraction tower enters the solvent recovery tower 14 .
  • the operating pressure of the solvent recovery tower is lower and the operating temperature is higher, which makes the compatibility of the solvent and the deasphalted oil worse, and realizes the separation of the solvent and the deasphalted oil.
  • the solvent discharged from the top of the solvent recovery tower is returned to the extraction solvent inlet 7 of the extraction tower for recycling.
  • the deasphalted oil is discharged from the bottom of the solvent recovery tower for subsequent processing.
  • Examples 1-4 illustrate the effects of the packed extraction column and the solvent deasphalting method provided by the present invention by using a hot mold experiment.
  • the extraction structured packing composed of the grid packing unit shown in Figure 2 is used.
  • the grid sheets of the grid sheet group are provided with small holes, the opening rate is 5.7%, the diameter of the small holes is 4 mm, and the spacing between adjacent holes is 20 mm.
  • the maximum width of the grid is 10mm, the thickness is 1mm, and the distance between two adjacent grids in the same layer is 10mm.
  • the width of the blocking bar is 4 mm, the distance between the blocking bar and two adjacent grid sheets is 3 mm, and the blocking bar is located on the cross section formed by the adjacent grid sheet groups.
  • the width of the upper arc piece 4 of the small hole is 4mm, and the radius is 4mm.
  • the structured packing was applied to the solvent deasphalting extraction tower as shown in FIG. 1 , the diameter of the extraction tower was 200 mm, and the packing height of the extraction packing was 2400 mm.
  • the extraction packing is located between the raw material inlet and the extraction solvent inlet of the extraction tower, the top of the packing is 30 mm from the raw material inlet, and the bottom of the packing is 40 mm from the solvent inlet.
  • a coalescing packing section is arranged above the raw material inlet, and the packing height of the coalescing packing is 2000mm.
  • the basic dimensions of the coalescing packing are the same as those of the extraction packing, but the grid sheets of the coalescing packing have no openings and no arcuate baffles.
  • the surface of the coalescing filler is sandblasted.
  • the raw material is vacuum residue (taken from Wuhan Branch of China Petrochemical Co., Ltd., properties are shown in Table 1), which flows in from the middle and upper part of the tower, and the extraction solvent is n-butane, which flows in from the middle and lower part of the tower.
  • the mass ratio of the residual oil is 3:1, and the residence time of the vacuum residual oil in the extraction section is 20 min.
  • the light and heavy phases are in countercurrent flow contact in the tower.
  • the remaining part of the vacuum residue after extraction flows out from the bottom of the extraction tower, and the deasphalted oil extracted by solvent mixing flows out from the top of the tower.
  • the extraction column operates at a temperature of 120°C and a pressure of 4MPa.
  • the adopted raw materials, experimental steps and process conditions are the same as those in Example 1, and the structure of the extraction column adopted is basically the same as that of the extraction column in Example 1, except that the coalescence packing section is not arranged in the extraction column.
  • the adopted raw materials, experimental steps and process conditions are the same as those in Example 1, and the structure of the extraction tower is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the surface of the coalescing packing is not sandblasted.
  • Example 2 The raw materials and process conditions used are the same as those in Example 1, and the structure of the extraction tower is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the extraction packing is not provided with arc-shaped baffles.
  • the experimental data showed that the yield of deasphalted oil was 56.7%, and its properties are shown in Table 2.
  • the structured packing is composed of multiple rows of grids.
  • the bar group I16 and the grid bar group II17 which are symmetrical to the grid bar group I16 in the vertical direction are assembled and filled in the packing tower in a whole way. It is composed of grid bars arranged in parallel in the plane. Guide holes are punched on each grid bar, and the opening directions of the guide holes on the grid bars that are parallel to each other are the same.
  • the opening rate of the guide holes on the top is 10%, the diameter of the guide holes is 5mm, the spacing between adjacent holes is 15mm, the maximum width of the grid sheet is 10mm, the thickness is 1mm, and the distance between two adjacent grid sheets in the same layer is 10mm.
  • the experimental data showed that the yield of deasphalted oil was 54.2%, and its properties are shown in Table 2.
  • Embodiments 5-8 use cold mold experiments to illustrate the processing capacity of the packed extraction column provided by the present invention.
  • the structured packing shown in Fig. 2 is used. There are small holes on the grid sheet. The opening rate of the small holes is 5.7%. is 2mm, and the distance between two adjacent grid sheets in the same layer is 30mm. In the same layer, the width of the blocking bar is 10 mm, the distance between the blocking bar and the two adjacent grid sheets is 10 mm, and the blocking bar is located on one side of the cross section of the flow channel formed by the adjacent grid sheets.
  • the width of the arc piece 4 is 8mm and the radius is 5mm.
  • the structured packing was applied to a solvent deasphalting extraction tower, the diameter of the extraction tower was 150 mm, and the packing height of the packing was 2000 mm.
  • the raw materials are commercially available diesel oil and water, wherein the water flows as the heavy phase from above the top of the packing in the column, and the diesel is the light phase and flows from below the bottom of the packing in the column.
  • the mass ratio of diesel to water is 2.78:1.
  • the light and heavy phases are in countercurrent flow contact in the tower. The contacted water flows out from the bottom of the extraction tower, and the diesel oil flows out from the top of the tower.
  • the experimental results show that under the condition of maintaining the two-phase flow ratio, the two-phase flow is continuously increased until flooding occurs in the extraction column, and the flow data of the two-phase is recorded, and the flooding flux of the extraction column is 82m 3 /m 2 /h.
  • Example 6 adopts the same extraction tower structure, raw material and process conditions as Example 5, and the basic structure of the packed packing is also the same as that of Example 5, except that the grid sheet of the packing is not provided with small holes and arc baffles.
  • the experimental results show that the flooding flux of the extraction tower is 80m 3 /m 2 /h.
  • Example 5 Using the same extraction tower structure, raw materials and process conditions as in Example 5, the basic structure of the packed packing is also the same as that in Example 5, the difference is that the grid sheet of the packing has small holes but no arc baffles.
  • the experimental results show that the flooding flux of the extraction tower is 90m 3 /m 2 /h.
  • Example 5 The same extraction tower structure, raw materials and process conditions as in Example 5 were adopted.
  • the basic structure of the filled filler is also the same as that of Example 5, except that the maximum width of the grid sheet is 15mm and the thickness is 1mm.
  • the distance between two adjacent grid sheets in the same layer is 15mm.
  • the width of the blocking bar is 5 mm
  • the distance between the blocking bar and the two adjacent grid sheets is 5 mm
  • the blocking bar is located on one side of the cross section of the flow channel formed by the adjacent grid fan sheets.
  • the width of the arc piece 4 is 4mm and the radius is 4mm.
  • the experimental results show that the flooding flux of the extraction tower is 95m 3 /m 2 /h.
  • Example 5 The same extraction tower and experimental system as in Example 5 were used, and a commercially available corrugated packing was placed.
  • the height of the corrugated packing was 2000 mm, and the length of the corrugated side of the packing was 15 mm.
  • Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative Example 1 Deoiled bitumen yield 62.7 64.9 63.4 56.7 54.2 Deasphalted oil properties Saturation points, % 24.5 23.6 24.1 28.2 29.1 Aromatic 47.1 45.8 46.5 50.3 50.6 colloid 28.3 27.4 28.1 21.4 20.2 Asphaltene ⁇ 0.1 3.2 1.3 ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ 0.1

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Abstract

一种格栅填料单元、填料萃取塔及其应用和渣油溶剂脱沥青的方法。格栅填料单元由倾斜交错的格栅片组构成，相邻的格栅片组夹角为20-120°，格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片构成，格栅片与水平面夹角为0-90°，相互交错的/相邻的格栅片组之间的截面上设有挡条（5），挡条（5）与其中相邻一侧的格栅片组相互平行。填料萃取塔由壳体（13）、位于壳体（13）中部的原料入口（6）、位于下部的萃取溶剂入口（7）、塔顶萃取相出口（8）、塔底萃余相出口（9）和萃取规整填料组成，萃取规整填料装填在萃取塔壳体（13）内。

Description

格栅填料单元、由其构成的规整填料、填料萃取塔和其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种化工设备内构件，更具体地说，涉及一种格栅规整填料，可广泛应用于炼油及化工分离过程。本发明还涉及一种炼油及化工领域的分离设备及其应用方法，更具体地说，涉及一种萃取分离塔及其应用方法。
背景技术
世界范围内石油资源正呈现出重质化、劣质化的趋势，而且各国环保法规日益严格，对于炼油产品轻质化和清洁化、炼制过程清洁化和低碳化提出了更高的要求，重油轻质化技术越来越受到重视。溶剂脱沥青是重油轻质化的重要途径之一，可以将渣油分离得到富含沥青质和金属、高残炭的脱油沥青和低杂质含量、低残炭的脱沥青油，其组合工艺在重油深度加工方面极具吸引力。
以生产轻质油为目的的渣油溶剂脱沥青应采用戊烷等重质烃为溶剂，利用重溶剂脱除重油中的全部沥青质和绝大部分金属，得到收率较高的脱沥青油，对其进行加氢处理，加氢后的脱沥青油可作为催化裂化原料或加氢裂化的原料，以此实现多产轻质油品。可以预见，在石油资源紧缺和对石油产品需求日益增加的环境下，高脱沥青油收率的大型溶剂脱沥青设备和技术，将在重油加工中发挥更大的作用，同时为企业带来更高的经济效益。
填料萃取塔作为一种常见的液/液分离传质设备，广泛应用于炼油和化学工业。填料是填料萃取塔的核心内构件，其结构直接影响了萃取塔的传质分离效率。常见的萃取填料通常分为散堆填料和规整填料，与散堆填料相比，规整填料由于具有规则几何形状，具有压降低、通量大和不易堵塞等优点。规整填料可分为波纹板填料和格栅填料等形式，一般而言格栅填料处理能力更大而波纹填料的分离性能较好。
现有的填料构件中，有的传质效率较低，分离效果不足；有的设计有较多舌片等精细结构，能促进液滴的破碎，有利于提高传质效率，且开孔率越高，越有利于提高传质效率。同时，填料构件的精细结构越多，对塔内上下流动的两相产生较大的阻碍作用，进而减小了通量。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是在现有技术中的基础上，提供一种处理能力大、传质效率高的格栅填料单元、(萃取)规整填料、填料萃取塔，可应用于溶剂脱沥青等过程的萃取设备，和渣油溶剂脱沥青的方法。
第1方面，本发明提供一种格栅填料单元，由倾斜交错的格栅片组构成， 相邻的格栅片组夹角为20-120°，所述的格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片构成，格栅片与水平面夹角为0-90°，相互交错的/相邻的格栅片组之间的截面上设有挡条，所述的挡条与其中相邻一侧的格栅片组相互平行。
第2方面，本发明提供萃取规整填料，所述的萃取规整填料由两个或两个以上上述的格栅填料单元拼接组成。
第3方面，本发明提供一种填料萃取塔，由壳体、位于壳体中部的原料入口、位于下部的萃取溶剂入口、塔顶萃取相出口、塔底萃余相出口和萃取规整填料，所述的萃取规整填料装填在萃取塔壳体内(例如装填在原料入口至萃取溶剂入口的萃取段)；
所述的萃取规整填料由一个或多个萃取填料单元叠放组成；所述的萃取填料单元由倾斜交错的至少两组格栅片组构成，相邻的格栅片组夹角为20-120°，所述的格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片构成，格栅片与水平面夹角为0-90°，相互交错的/相邻的格栅片组之间的截面上设有挡条，所述的挡条与其中相邻一侧的格栅片组相互平行。
第4方面，本发明提供上述填料萃取塔的应用方法，萃取溶剂由萃取溶剂入口进入填料萃取塔后向上运动，待分离重质原料由原料入口引入填料萃取塔后向下运动，两相在萃取段充分接触传质，重质原料中的轻质组分进入溶剂相，其余组分继续向下并由萃余相出口排出萃取塔；溶剂和轻组分经过聚结段使得所夹带的不相溶重质原料聚结分离，离开聚结段的溶剂由萃取相出口排出萃取塔。
第5方面，本发明提供一种渣油溶剂脱沥青的方法，采用上述的填料萃取塔，溶剂作为连续相由萃取溶剂入口进入填料萃取塔后向上运动，渣油由原料入口引入填料萃取塔作为分散相向下运动，两相在萃取段充分接触传质，渣油中的轻质组分进入溶剂相，渣油液滴继续向下运动进入塔底的渣油空间，并由萃余相出口排出萃取塔；离开萃取段的溶剂经过聚结段使得所夹带的分散相液滴聚结分离，离开聚结段的溶剂由萃取相出口排出萃取塔；所述的溶剂选自丙烷、丁烷和戊烷中一种或几种。
本发明的有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的格栅填料单元、萃取规整填料、填料萃取塔及其应用、渣油溶剂脱沥青的方法的有益效果为：
流体沿交错倾斜的格栅片所形成的流道流动，可以显著增加对液体流动过程的扰动，促进液液传质过程的表面更新效应，提高萃取效率。此外，两组格栅片交替设置且格栅片之间留有缝隙，可以避免壁效应造成的流动死区，提高流体分布的均匀度。倾斜且规则的流道设置，能够避免沉积所造成的流 道堵塞。
本发明提供的填料萃取塔中装填萃取规整填料和聚结规整填料，可以显著增加对液体流动过程的扰动，促进液液传质过程的表面更新效应，提高萃取效率。此外，两组格栅片交替设置且格栅片之间留有缝隙，可以避免壁效应造成的流动死区，提高流体分布的均匀度。倾斜且规则的流道设置，能够避免沉积所造成的流道堵塞。所述的聚结规整填料与脱油沥青的亲和性较好，可以有效对脱沥青油所夹带的脱油沥青进行聚结去除。填料萃取塔结构简单，安装方便快捷，萃取分离效率高，液泛通量大。
本发明提供的重油脱沥青的方法，所用的填料萃取塔安装方便快捷，萃取分离效率高，用于渣油溶剂脱沥青过程可以实现60％-80％的脱沥青油收率，传质单元高度可小于0.2m。处理通量可高于80m 3/m 2/h。
附图说明
图1为填料萃取塔的一种实施方式的结构示意图。
图2为本发明提供的格栅填料单元一种实施方式(萃取规整填料)的结构示意图。
图3为本发明提供的格栅填料单元另一种实施方式(聚结规整填料)的结构示意图。
图4为萃取分离-溶剂回收流程示意图。
图5为对比例1中采用的格栅填料的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1：第一格栅片组的格栅片    2：第二格栅片组的格栅片
3：开孔                    4：弧片
5：挡条                    6：重油原料入口
7：萃取溶剂入口            8：萃取相出口
9：萃余相出口              10：液液相界面
11：聚结段                 12：萃取段
13：萃取塔壳体             14：溶剂回收塔
15：萃取塔                 16：对比例1规整填料的格栅条组I
17：对比例1规整填料的格栅条组II
具体实施方式
以下详细说明本发明提供的萃取规整填料、填料萃取塔及其应用方法，以及溶剂脱沥青方法的具体实施方式。
格栅填料单元
本发明提供了一种格栅填料单元，由倾斜交错的至少两组格栅片组构成， 相邻的格栅片组夹角为20-120°，所述的格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片构成，格栅片与水平面夹角为0-90°，相互交错的/相邻的格栅片组之间的截面上设有挡条，所述的挡条与其中相邻一侧的格栅片组相互平行。
在本发明中，竖直方向是指与地轴平行的方向，以向上为正方向。水平方向是指水平面的方向，竖直方向垂直于水平面。
在本发明中，当将格栅填料单元水平放置时，两组相邻的格栅片组倾斜交错能够构成这样一个相交平面，使得两组相邻的格栅片组中的每一个格栅片都有一条线段在该相交平面(在本文中也称为“截面”)内，这些线段或其延长线可以彼此相交，得到若干交点，每个交点处可以产生4个角(其中2个为锐角或直角，另2个为钝角或直角)，这4个角把平面分为4部分。将竖直方向在任一交点处对该相交平面进行投影，产生一个投影向量，如果投影向量在上述4部分中的任一个中，则相邻的格栅片组夹角为该部分所对应的角，如果投影向量在上述4个角的一条边上，则以锐角或直角作为相邻的格栅片组夹角。如果该相交平面与水平面平行的话，则也以锐角或直角作为相邻的格栅片组夹角。
可选地，所述的格栅填料单元由两组格栅片组构成，相邻格栅片组之间采用焊接的方式连接。第一格栅片组和第二格栅片组相交的截面上设有挡条。
可选地，所述的格栅片组中，所述的格栅片的宽度(最大宽度)为5mm-150mm，优选为10mm-80mm；格栅片的厚度为0.1mm-2mm，优选0.3-1.5mm；相邻格栅片之间的间距为5mm-150mm，优选为10mm-80mm。
在一种实施方式中，格栅填料单元中，所述的格栅片的长度不做特别限定，例如为100-500mm，如100-300mm。
可选地，所述的格栅片上等间距地开有小孔(一排或多排，如两排或三排)。本发明不对每排小孔的数目进行限定，小孔的数目取决于孔径、相邻小孔的中心矩，格栅片的长度和宽度等。
优选地，所述的小孔的直径为2mm-10mm，所述的小孔的直径不大于格栅片宽度的1/3，相邻小孔的中心矩为10mm-100mm。
可选地，所述的小孔的上方设有弧片，弧片宽度为小孔直径或略大于小孔直径2mm以内；所述的弧片的半径为1mm-8mm。
在本发明的实施方案中，格栅填料单元的尺寸不做特别限定，例如为，如100mm*100mm*100mm至500mm*500mm*500mm。
在本发明的实施方案中，挡条的长度和宽度取决于格栅片的尺寸和格栅片之间的间距，挡条的厚度可以参照格栅片的厚度。
在本发明的一种实施方案中，挡条的长和宽所构成的平面与相互交错的 /相邻的格栅片组之间的截面平行(或重叠)。
在一种实施方案中，本发明提供的格栅填料单元中，所述的挡条所在的平面与水平面垂直。
可选地，所述的挡条与其相邻的一侧的格栅片组平行，位于格栅片组中相邻的两个格栅片之间，与所述的两个格栅片之间的距离相等。
可选地，所述的挡条的宽度为相邻格栅片间距的1/3-1/2。挡条与格栅片之间采用焊接的方式连接。
优选地，所述的格栅片的开孔率为5％-50％。所述的格栅片上至少有一排小孔，若开有两排以上的小孔则各排小孔采用平行排列或者交错排列。
可选地，所述的格栅片为金属材质，优选为不锈钢材质。
本发明提供的隔栅填料单元的优选实施方式，在格栅片上具有小孔和弧片的结构，可以显著增加对液体流动过程的扰动，促进液液传质过程的表面更新效应，提高萃取效率。
填料萃取塔
本发明还提供了一种填料萃取塔，由壳体、位于壳体中部的原料入口、位于下部的萃取溶剂入口、塔顶萃取相出口、塔底萃余相出口和萃取规整填料，所述的萃取规整填料装填在壳体内(例如所述的萃取规整填料装填在原料入口至萃取溶剂入口之间的萃取段)。
在本发明中，基于壳体高度，以从底到高的方向，顶部是指壳体高度的95-100％，例如97-100％，或100％的部分；上部是指在壳体高度的50-95％，例如60-90％，或70-85％的部分；中部是指在壳体高度的30-70％，例如40-60％，或45-55％的部分；下部是指在壳体高度的5-50％，例如10-40％，或15-30％的部分；底部是指在壳体高度的0-5％，例如0-3％，或0％的部分；顶部、上部、中部、下部和底部不局限于上述范围，可以选择其他范围，并且允许或不允许存在相互重合的部分。总之，顶部、上部、中部、下部和底部代表了各个部分之间的相对高低。
所述的萃取规整填料由一个或者两个或多个萃取填料单元拼接组成；所述的萃取填料单元由倾斜交错的至少两组格栅片组构成，相邻的格栅片组夹角为20-120°，所述的格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片构成，格栅片与水平面夹角为0-90°，相互交错的/相邻的格栅片组之间的截面上设有挡条，所述的挡条与其中相邻一侧的格栅片组相互平行。
可选地，在原料入口至萃取溶剂入口之间的萃取段装填所述的萃取规整填料，所述的原料入口至塔顶之间的聚结段装填有聚结规整填料。
可选地，所述的聚结规整填料由一个或者两个或多个聚结填料单元拼接 组成；所述的聚结填料单元由倾斜交错的至少两组格栅片组构成，相邻的格栅片组夹角为20-120°，所述的格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片构成，格栅片与水平面夹角为0-90°，相互交错的/相邻的格栅片组之间的截面上设有挡条，所述的挡条与其中相邻一侧的格栅片组相互平行；所述的聚结填料单元为不锈钢材质，表面进行喷砂处理。
可选地，所述的萃取填料单元由两种倾斜角度不同的格栅片组交错排列构成，相邻格栅片组之间采用焊接的方式连接；所述的聚结填料单元由两种倾斜角度不同的格栅片组交错排列构成，相邻格栅片组之间采用焊接的方式连接。
可选地，组成格栅片组的格栅片的宽度为5mm-150mm；格栅片的厚度为0.1mm-2mm；相邻格栅片的间距为5mm-150mm；优选地，所述的格栅片的宽度为10mm-80mm，格栅片的厚度为0.3-1.5mm，相邻格栅片的间距为10mm-80mm。
可选地，所述的挡条与相邻的两个相互平行的格栅片距离相等，挡条的宽度为相互平行的格栅片间距的1/3-1/2，挡条与格栅片之间采用焊接的方式连接。
可选地，所述的萃取填料单元中，所述的格栅片上等间距地开有小孔，所述的小孔的直径为2mm-10mm，所述的小孔直径不大于格栅片宽度的1/3，相邻小孔的中心矩为10mm-100mm。
可选地，所述的萃取填料单元中，小孔上方设有弧片，弧片宽度为小孔直径至大于小孔直径2mm；所述的弧片的弯曲半径为1mm-8mm。
可选地，所述的格栅片的开孔率为3％-50％；优选4％-15％。
可选地，所述的萃取规整填料为不锈钢材质。
可选地，所述的萃取塔的高径比为(2-6):1，萃取填料底部与塔底的距离为0.5-5m。
本发明提供的填料萃取塔中装填的萃取规整填料中，所述的萃取填料单元由两种倾斜角度不同的格栅片组交错排列构成，由第一格栅片组和第二格栅片组循环交错组成，其中，相邻两组格栅片组的夹角为20-120°，优选相邻格栅片组的夹角为90°，优选第一格栅片组和第二格栅片组的格栅片均与水平面的夹角为45°。
第一格栅片组与第二格栅片组相接的平面(即，截面)上设置挡条，所述的挡条所在的平面与第一格栅片组的格栅片、第二格栅片组的格栅片分别相交；优选地，所述的挡条所在的平面与第一格栅片组的格栅片、第二格栅片组的格栅片分别垂直，所述的挡条与其中一组格栅片组平行设置。所述的 挡条与第一格栅片组平行或者与第二格栅片组平行，所述的挡条与相邻的两个相互平行的格栅片距离相等，挡条的宽度为相互平行的格栅片间距的1/3-1/2。所述的萃取规整填料为不锈钢材质，格栅片与格栅片之间、所述的挡条与格栅片之间采用焊接的方式连接。在一种实施方案中，萃取规整填料没有进行表面喷砂处理。
萃取规整填料的格栅片上萃取规整填料的优选实施方式，在格栅片上开有小孔，更优选小孔上设置弧形挡片(亦称为弧片)。具有小孔和弧形挡片的结构可以显著增加对液体流动过程的扰动，促进液液传质过程的表面更新效应，提高萃取效率。
所述的聚结填料单元由两种倾斜角度不同的格栅片组交错排列构成，由第一格栅片组和第二格栅片组循环交错组成，其中，相邻两组格栅片组的夹角为20-120°，优选相邻格栅片组的夹角为90°，优选第一格栅片组和第二格栅片组的格栅片均与水平面的夹角为45°。
第一格栅片组与第二格栅片组相接的平面上设置挡条，所述的挡条所在的平面与第一格栅片组的格栅片、第二格栅片组的格栅片分别相交；优选地，所述的挡条所在的平面与第一格栅片组的格栅片、第二格栅片组的格栅片分别垂直，所述的挡条与其中一组格栅片组平行设置。所述的挡条与第一格栅片组平行或者与第二格栅片组平行，所述的挡条与相邻的两个相互平行的格栅片距离相等，挡条的宽度为相互平行的格栅片间距的1/3-1/2。所述的聚结规整填料为不锈钢材质，表面喷砂处理。格栅片与格栅片之间、所述的挡条与格栅片之间采用焊接的方式连接。在一种实施方案中，聚结规整填料的格栅片上开有小孔，但没有设置任何其他的内构件。在一种实施方案中，聚结规整填料的格栅片上没有开孔，也没有设置任何其他的内构件。
本发明提供的填料萃取塔中，所述的萃取规整填料由两个或两个以上的萃取填料单元拼接组成。本发明提供萃取规整填料，所述的萃取规整填料由两个或两个以上上述的格栅填料单元拼接组成。所述的聚结规整填料由两个或两个以上的聚结填料单元拼接组成。相邻两个格栅填料单元可以平行或者交错一定的角度。相邻两个聚结填料单元可以平行或者交错一定的角度。所述的聚结规整填料与反应器或萃取塔的形状相适应。
上述填料在萃取塔中的装填方式，所述的规整填料由垂直方向上设置的填料单元组成，上一层的填料单元相对于其下一层填料单元在水平面上旋转30-150°；更优选45-120°。
优选地，所述的萃取和聚结规整填料还包括设置于其底部的支撑板和设置于其顶部的盖板，所述的支撑板和所述的盖板为筛孔板、丝网或横梁。
填料萃取塔的应用方法
本发明还提供了填料萃取塔的应用方法，萃取溶剂由萃取溶剂入口进入填料萃取塔后向上运动，待分离重质原料由原料入口引入填料萃取塔后向下运动，两相在萃取段充分接触传质，重质原料中的轻质组分进入溶剂相，其余组分继续向下并由萃余相出口排出萃取塔；溶剂和轻组分经过聚结段使得所夹带的不相溶重质原料聚结分离，离开聚结段的溶剂由萃取相出口排出萃取塔。
溶剂脱沥青方法
本发明还提供了一种溶剂脱沥青方法，采用任一种本发明所述的填料萃取塔，溶剂作为连续相由萃取溶剂入口进入填料萃取塔后向上运动，渣油由原料入口引入填料萃取塔作为分散相向下运动，两相在萃取段充分接触传质，渣油中的轻质组分进入溶剂相，渣油液滴继续向下运动进入塔底的渣油空间，并由萃余相出口排出萃取塔；离开萃取段的溶剂经过聚结段使得所夹带的分散相液滴聚结分离，离开聚结段的溶剂由萃取相出口排出萃取塔；所述的溶剂选自丙烷、丁烷和戊烷中一种或几种。
可选地，萃取相出口排出的物料进入溶剂回收塔进行脱沥青油和溶剂的分离，分离得到的溶剂返回萃取塔循环使用。
可选地，所述的填料萃取塔的操作温度为50-190℃，操作压力为4.0-5.5MPa，溶剂与渣油的质量比为(1.5-5):1；所述的溶剂回收塔的操作温度为180-260℃，操作压力为3.5-4.6MPa。
下面结合附图对本发明提供的格栅填料单元、填料萃取塔和渣油溶剂脱沥青方法作进一步详细说明。
图1为填料萃取塔的一种实施方式的结构示意图。如图1所示，填料萃取塔包括壳体13、位于壳体13中部的原料入口6、位于下部的萃取溶剂入口7、塔顶萃取相出口8、塔底萃余相出口9和萃取规整填料，所述的萃取规整填料装填在萃取塔壳体内。在原料入口6分布器至萃取溶剂入口7分布器之间的萃取段装填萃取规整填料，所述的萃取规整填料的一种优选实施方式的结构示意图如图2所示。在原料入口6分布器至萃取塔塔顶之间为聚结段11，优选在聚结段11内装填聚结规整填料，所述的聚结规整填料的一种优选实施方式的结构示意图如图3所示。
本发明提供的填料萃取塔用于渣油脱沥青方法，溶剂作为连续相由萃取溶剂入口7分布器进入萃取塔后向上运动，而渣油作为分散相经过原料入口6分布器进入萃取塔，并以液滴的形式向下运动。两相在萃取段12充分接触传质，渣油中的轻质组分进入溶剂相。离开萃取段的渣油液滴继续向下运动 经过液液相界面10，进入塔底的渣油空间，并由萃余相出口9排出萃取塔。离开萃取段的溶剂继续向上运动，经过聚结段11使得所夹带的分散相液滴聚结成为更大的液滴，而后聚结所形成的分散相液滴向下运动，这样就可以尽可能的减少对分散相液滴的夹带。离开聚结段的溶剂最终由萃取相出口8排出萃取塔。
图2为本发明提供的格栅填料单元一种实施方式的结构示意图，具体来说，图2为萃取规整填料单元一种实施方式的结构示意图。在图2所示的实施方式中，萃取规整填料单元由互相交错的两组多层格栅片组构成，且相邻格栅片组之间的夹角为90°。第一格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片1构成，第二格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片2构成。第一格栅片组中，格栅片与水平方向的夹角为45°，第二格栅片组中，格栅片与水平方向的夹角为45°。格栅片上开有至少一排小孔3，开孔率为3％-50％(例如5％-50％)。小孔3的直径为2mm-10mm，且相邻小孔的中心矩为10mm-100mm。小孔3上方设置弧片4，弧片4的半径为1mm-8mm。第一格栅片组和第二格栅片组相交的截面上，设置挡条5，挡条5与其中的第一格栅片组的格栅片平行，挡条5设置于相平行的相邻的两个第一格栅片组的格栅片之间，与相邻的格栅片之间留有空隙，空隙的宽度为相邻格栅片之间距离的5％-45％。挡条5与第二格栅片组的格栅片2之间焊接接触。
图3为本发明提供的格栅填料单元第二种实施方式的结构示意图。与图2不同的是格栅片上没有开小孔，也没有设置弧片。具体来说，图3为聚结规整填料一种实施方式的结构示意图。如图3所示，聚结填料单元由倾斜交错的至少第一格栅片组1和第二格栅片2组构成，相邻的格栅片组夹角为20-120°，所述的格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片构成，格栅片与水平面夹角为0-90°，相互交错的/相邻的栅片组之间的截面上设有挡条5，所述的挡条与其中相邻一侧的格栅片组相互平行；所述的聚结填料单元为不锈钢材质，表面进行喷砂处理。聚结规整填料的结构与所述的萃取规整填料的结构可以相同，可以与萃取规整填料的尺寸和倾斜角度不同。
图4为萃取分离-溶剂回收流程示意图。结合图1，如图4所示，渣油由萃取塔原料入口6进入萃取塔向下流动，溶剂由萃取塔萃取溶剂入口7进入萃取塔向上流动，在萃取段12进行接触传质使得渣油中的轻油进入溶剂相。由萃取塔顶部萃取相出口流出的萃取相物料进入溶剂回收塔14。与萃取塔相比，溶剂回收塔的操作压力较低，而操作温度较高，从而使得溶剂与脱沥青油相溶性变差，实现溶剂与脱沥青油的分离。溶剂回收塔顶部排出的溶剂重新回到萃取塔的萃取溶剂入口7循环使用。溶剂回收塔底部排出脱沥青油进 行后续加工。
实施例
以下通过实施例进一步说明本发明提供的格栅填料单元、填料萃取塔的结构和渣油溶剂脱沥青的效果，但本发明并不因此而受到任何限制。
实施例1-4
实施例1-4采用热模实验说明本发明提供的填料萃取塔和溶剂脱沥青的方法的效果。
采用图2所示的格栅填料单元组成的萃取规整填料，格栅片组的格栅片上开有小孔，开孔率为5.7％，小孔直径为4mm，相邻孔间距为20mm，格栅片的最大宽度为10mm，厚度为1mm，同一层内相邻2个格栅片的距离为10mm。同一层内，挡条的宽度为4mm，挡条与相邻两个格栅片的距离为3mm，挡条位于相邻格栅片组所形成的横截面上。小孔上部弧片4的宽度为4mm，半径为4mm。
将所述的规整填料应用于如图1所示的溶剂脱沥青萃取塔中，萃取塔直径200mm，萃取填料装填高度2400mm。萃取填料位于萃取塔的原料入口与萃取溶剂入口之间，填料顶部距原料入口30mm，填料底部距离溶剂入口40mm。萃取塔内，原料入口上方设置有聚结填料段，聚结填料装填高度为2000mm。聚结填料的基本尺寸与萃取填料一致，但是聚结填料的格栅片上没有开孔且没有弧形挡片。聚结填料的表面经过喷砂处理。
原料为减压渣油(取自中国石油化工股份有限公司武汉分公司，性质见表1)，从塔中上部流入，萃取溶剂为正丁烷，从塔的中下部流入，萃取溶剂与减压渣油的质量比为3:1，减压渣油在萃取段内停留时间为20min。轻、重两相在塔内作逆流流动接触。经过萃取后的减压渣油剩余部分由萃取塔底部流出，溶剂混合萃取出的脱沥青油由塔顶流出。萃取塔操作温度120℃，压力4MPa时。萃取塔顶部排出的溶剂与脱沥青油进入溶剂回收塔进行分离后，对所得脱沥青油进行称重，脱沥青油质量与减压渣油进料量之比，得到脱沥青油脱沥青油收率为62.7％。经溶剂回收塔后的脱沥青油和脱油沥青的性质见表1、2(其中四组分的分析方法为NB/SH/T0509-2010)。
实施例2
采用的原料、实验步骤、工艺条件与实施例1相同，采用的萃取塔结构与实施例1中萃取塔基本相同，不同在于萃取塔内未设置聚结填料段。
实验数据表明，脱沥青油的收率为64.9％，其性质如表2所示。
实施例3
采用的原料、实验步骤、工艺条件与实施例1相同，萃取塔结构与实施 例1基本相同，区别在于聚结填料的表面未经喷砂处理。
实验数据表明，脱沥青油的收率为63.4％，其性质如表2所示。
实施例4
采用的原料、工艺条件与实施例1相同，萃取塔结构与实施例1基本相同，区别在于萃取填料未设置弧形挡片。实验数据表明，脱沥青油的收率为56.7％，其性质如表2所示。
对比例1
采用的原料、工艺条件与实施例1相同，萃取塔结构与实施例1基本相同，区别在于萃取填料采用现有技术中的格栅填料，如图5所示，该规整填料由多排格栅条组I16以及在垂直方向对称于格栅条组I16的格栅条组II17拼装而成，并以整砌的方式填充在填料塔内，每排所述的格栅条组由多块在同一平面内平行排列的格栅条组成，每块所述的格栅条上冲压有导向孔，且相互平行的所述的格栅条上的导向孔开口方向一致，每块所述的格栅条上的导向孔的开孔率为10％，导向孔直径为5mm，相邻孔间距为15mm，格栅片的最大宽度为10mm，厚度为1mm，同一层内相邻2个格栅片的距离为10mm。实验数据表明，脱沥青油的收率为54.2％，其性质如表2所示。
实施例5-8采用冷模实验说明本发明提供的填料萃取塔的处理量。
实施例5
采用图2所示的规整填料，格栅片上开有小孔，小孔的开孔率为5.7％，小孔直径为8mm，相邻孔间距为20mm，格栅片的最大宽度为30mm，厚度为2mm，同一层内相邻2个格栅片的距离为30mm。同一层内，挡条宽度为10mm，挡条与相邻2个格栅片的距离为10mm，挡条位于相邻格栅片所形成的流道横截面的一侧。弧片4的宽度为8mm，半径为5mm。
将所述的规整填料应用于溶剂脱沥青萃取塔中，萃取塔直径150mm，填料装填高度2000mm。
原料为市售柴油和水，其中水作为重相从塔中填料顶部上方流入，柴油为轻相，从塔的填料底部下方流入。柴油与水的质量比为2.78:1。轻、重两相在塔内作逆流流动接触。经过接触后的水由萃取塔底部流出，柴油由塔顶流出。
实验结果表明，在保持两相流量比的情况下，不断增加两相流量直至萃取塔发生液泛，纪录两相的流量数据，得到萃取塔的液泛通量为82m 3/m 2/h。
实施例6
实施例6采用与实施例5相同的萃取塔结构、原料与工艺条件，所装填填料基本结构也与实施例5相同，区别在于填料的格栅片上未开有小孔和弧 形挡片。
实验结果表明，萃取塔的液泛通量为80m 3/m 2/h。
实施例7
采用与实施例5相同的萃取塔结构、原料与工艺条件，所装填填料基本结构也与实施例5相同，区别在于填料的格栅片上开有小孔但没有弧形挡片。
实验结果表明，萃取塔的液泛通量为90m 3/m 2/h。
实施例8
采用与实施例5相同的萃取塔结构、原料与工艺条件。所装填填料基本结构也与实施例5相同，区别在于格栅片的最大宽度为15mm，厚度为1mm。同一层内相邻2个格栅片的距离为15mm。同一层内，挡条的宽度为5mm，挡条与相邻2个格栅片的距离为5mm，挡条位于相邻格扇片所形成的流道横截面的一侧。弧片4的宽度为4mm，半径为4mm。
实验结果表明，萃取塔的液泛通量为95m 3/m 2/h。
对比例2
采用与实施例5相同的萃取塔和实验体系，放入市售波纹填料，波纹填料的高度为2000mm，填料的波纹边长为15mm。
实验结果表明，采用波纹填料，萃取塔的液泛通量为70m 3/m 2/h。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021127637-appb-000001
表2
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 对比例1
脱油沥青收率 62.7 64.9 63.4 56.7 54.2
脱沥青油性质          
饱和分，％ 24.5 23.6 24.1 28.2 29.1
芳香分 47.1 45.8 46.5 50.3 50.6
胶质 28.3 27.4 28.1 21.4 20.2
沥青质 <0.1 3.2 1.3 <0.1 <0.1

Claims (23)

  1. 一种格栅填料单元，由倾斜交错的至少两组格栅片组构成，相邻的格栅片组夹角为20-120°，所述的格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片构成，格栅片与水平面夹角为0-90°，相互交错的/相邻的格栅片组之间的截面上设有挡条，所述的挡条与其中相邻一侧的格栅片组相互平行。
  2. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅填料单元，其特征在于，所述的格栅填料单元由倾斜角度不同的两组格栅片组交错排列构成，相邻格栅片组之间采用焊接的方式连接。
  3. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅填料单元，其特征在于，所述的格栅片组中，
    所述的格栅片的宽度为5mm-150mm；格栅片的厚度为0.1mm-2mm；相邻格栅片的间距为5mm-150mm。
    优选，所述的格栅片的宽度为10mm-80mm，相邻格栅片的间距为10mm-80mm。
  4. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅填料单元，其特征在于，所述的格栅片上等间距地开有小孔，所述的小孔的直径为2mm-10mm，所述的小孔直径不大于格栅片宽度的1/3，相邻小孔的中心矩为10mm-100mm。
  5. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅填料单元，其特征在于，所述的小孔上方设有弧片，所述的弧片宽度为小孔直径至大于小孔直径2mm；所述的弧片的弯曲半径为1mm-8mm。
  6. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅填料单元，其特征在于，所述的格栅片的开孔率为3％-50％，或5％-50％。
  7. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅填料单元，其特征在于，所述的挡条与相邻的两个相互平行的格栅片距离相等，挡条的宽度为相互平行的格栅片间距的1/3-1/2，挡条与格栅片之间采用焊接的方式连接。
  8. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅填料单元，其特征在于，所述的格栅片为不锈钢材质，任选地，表面进行喷砂处理。
  9. 一种填料萃取塔，其特征在于，由壳体、位于壳体中部的原料入口、位于下部的萃取溶剂入口、塔顶萃取相出口、塔底萃余相出口和萃取规整填料，所述的萃取规整填料装填在萃取塔壳体内；
    所述的萃取规整填料由一个或者两个或多个萃取填料单元拼接组成；
    所述的萃取填料单元是按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅填料单元。
  10. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，在原料入口至萃取溶剂入口之间的萃取段装填所述的萃取规整填料，所述的原料入口至塔顶之间的聚结段装填有聚结规整填料。
  11. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，所述的萃取填料单元由倾斜交错的至少两组格栅片组构成，相邻的格栅片组夹角为20-120°，所述的格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片构成，格栅片与水平面夹角为0-90°，相互交错的/相邻的格栅片组之间的截面上设有挡条，所述的挡条与其中相邻一侧的格栅片组相互平行。
  12. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，所述的聚结规整填料由一个或者两个或多个聚结填料单元拼接组成；所述的聚结填料单元由倾斜交错的至少两组格栅片组构成，相邻的格栅片组夹角为20-120°，所述的格栅片组由相互平行的格栅片构成，格栅片与水平面夹角为0-90°，相互交错的/相邻的格栅片组之间的截面上设有挡条，所述的挡条与其中相邻一侧的格栅片组相互平行；所述的聚结填料单元为不锈钢材质，表面进行喷砂处理。
  13. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，所述的萃取填料单元由两种倾斜角度不同的格栅片组交错排列构成，相邻格栅片组之间采用焊接的方式连接；
    所述的聚结填料单元由两种倾斜角度不同的格栅片组交错排列构成，相邻格栅片组之间采用焊接的方式连接。
  14. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，组成格栅片组的格栅片的宽度为5mm-150mm；格栅片的厚度为0.1mm-2mm；相邻格栅片的间距为5mm-150mm；优选地，所述的格栅片的宽度为10mm-80mm，格栅片的厚度为0.3-1.5mm，相邻格栅片的间距为10mm-80mm。
  15. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，所述的萃取填料单元中，所述的格栅片上等间距地开有小孔，所述的小孔的直径为2mm-10mm，所述的小孔直径不大于格栅片宽度的1/3，相邻小孔的中心矩为10mm-100mm。
  16. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，所述的萃取填料单元中，小孔上方设有弧片，弧片宽度为小孔直径至大于小孔直径2mm；所述的弧片的半径为1mm-8mm。
  17. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，所述的格栅片的开孔率为3％-50％；优选4％-15％。
  18. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，所述 的挡条与相邻的两个相互平行的格栅片距离相等，所述的挡条的宽度为相互平行的格栅片间距的1/3-1/2，所述的挡条与所述的格栅片之间采用焊接的方式连接。
  19. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，所述的萃取规整填料为不锈钢材质，任选地，表面不进行喷砂处理。
  20. 按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，其特征在于，所述的萃取塔的高径比为(2-6):1，萃取填料底部与塔底的距离为0.5-5m。
  21. 前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔的应用方法，其特征在于，萃取溶剂由萃取溶剂入口进入填料萃取塔后向上运动，待分离重质原料由原料入口引入填料萃取塔后向下运动，两相在萃取段充分接触传质，重质原料中的轻质组分进入溶剂相，其余组分继续向下并由萃余相出口排出萃取塔；溶剂和轻组分经过聚结段使得所夹带的不相溶重质原料聚结分离，离开聚结段的溶剂由萃取相出口排出萃取塔。
  22. 一种渣油溶剂脱沥青的方法，采用前述权利要求中任一项所述的填料萃取塔，溶剂作为连续相由萃取溶剂入口进入填料萃取塔后向上运动，渣油由原料入口引入填料萃取塔作为分散相向下运动，两相在萃取段充分接触传质，渣油中的轻质组分进入溶剂相，渣油液滴继续向下运动进入塔底的渣油空间，并由萃余相出口排出萃取塔；离开萃取段的溶剂经过聚结段使得所夹带的分散相液滴聚结分离，离开聚结段的溶剂由萃取相出口排出萃取塔；所述的溶剂选自丙烷、丁烷和戊烷中一种或几种。
    优选地，萃取相出口排出的物料进入溶剂回收塔进行脱沥青油和溶剂的分离，分离得到的溶剂返回萃取塔循环使用。
  23. 按照权利要求22所述的渣油溶剂脱沥青的方法，其特征在于，所述的填料萃取塔的操作温度为50-190℃，操作压力为4.0-5.5MPa，溶剂与渣油的质量比为(1.5-5):1；所述的溶剂回收塔的操作温度为180-260℃，操作压力为3.5-4.6MPa。
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CN211771095U (zh) * 2019-10-18 2020-10-27 中国石油化工股份有限公司 抽提塔塔顶内构件和抽提塔
CN112370814A (zh) * 2020-10-29 2021-02-19 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种填料萃取塔及其应用和一种渣油溶剂脱沥青的方法
CN214346494U (zh) * 2020-10-29 2021-10-08 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种格栅填料单元和一种萃取规整填料

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