WO2022088923A1 - 一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法 - Google Patents

一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法 Download PDF

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WO2022088923A1
WO2022088923A1 PCT/CN2021/115525 CN2021115525W WO2022088923A1 WO 2022088923 A1 WO2022088923 A1 WO 2022088923A1 CN 2021115525 W CN2021115525 W CN 2021115525W WO 2022088923 A1 WO2022088923 A1 WO 2022088923A1
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area
information
prospecting
level
marks
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PCT/CN2021/115525
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陶春辉
廖时理
张国堙
邓显明
王渊
梁锦
周建平
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自然资源部第二海洋研究所
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Publication of WO2022088923A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022088923A1/zh
Priority to US18/302,774 priority Critical patent/US20230258841A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/20—Metals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
    • G01V9/007—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00 by detecting gases or particles representative of underground layers at or near the surface

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of deep-sea resource exploration and development, and in particular relates to a method for delineating an exploration and reserve area for deep-sea polymetallic sulfide resources.
  • hydrothermal products can be formed during deep-sea hydrothermal activities, including hydrothermal fluids, hydrothermal columns, hydrothermal sulfides, hydrothermally altered rocks, metal-bearing sediments, and living organisms at vents.
  • hydrothermal sulfides are usually rich in metal elements such as Cu, Zn, Au, and Ag, and are also called polymetallic sulfides.
  • polymetallic mineral resources that can be exploited and utilized, the rational development of polymetallic sulfides provides the possibility to meet human demand for polymetallic mineral resources. As an important strategic resource, the exploration of deep-sea polymetallic sulfide resources has attracted much attention.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for delineating an exploration reserve area for deep-sea polymetallic sulfides, through analyzing the prospecting index, delineating the level of the prospect area, and delineating the exploration reserve area by the level of the prospect area.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a method for delineating an exploration reserve area for deep-sea polymetallic sulfide resources, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 The stage of extraction and grading of prospecting marks; including extracting prospecting marks for deep-sea sulfide resources, specifying the characteristics of the marks, and delimiting the grades of the marks; the specific steps are as follows:
  • Step 1.1 Extract the prospecting information of deep-sea polymetallic sulfide resources, including (1) plume information, (2) geophysical information, (3) geochemical information, (4) biological information, (5) surrounding rocks Alteration information and (6) mineralization outcrop information; the specific process is as follows: specify the characteristics of the prospecting signs, (1) the characteristics of the plume information: take the seawater elements within a range of 100 meters as the background value, with high temperature- Salinity, high turbidity, low redox potential, high methane, high dissolved Mn 2+ and Fe 2+ , high He isotope and 3 He/ 4 He ratio; (2) Characteristics of geophysical information: relative to the distance from the seafloor The background value in the range of 200 meters has weak magnetism, high polarization, low resistance, and high density; (3) The characteristics of geochemical information: Cu-Zn-Fe-Mn combination element anomaly, MSI(Al/(Al+Fe +Mn)) anomaly, Cu/Fe anomaly, etc.;
  • Step 1.2 According to the reliability of the prospecting information, specify the level of prospecting marks.
  • the levels of prospecting marks from low to high are: (1) plume information, (2) geophysical information, (3) geochemical information , (4) biological information, (5) wall rock alteration information and (6) mineralized outcrop information.
  • Step 2 The evaluation stage of metallogenic prospective areas; including the delineation of the control range indicated by various prospecting signs, and the delineation of prospective areas based on the prospecting signs; the specific steps are as follows:
  • Step 2.1 Based on the prospecting signs, delineate the scope of the abnormal area. Specifically: (1) Plume information, first exclude the topographic area near the water anomaly discovery location higher than the water anomaly according to the topographic data, and then trace the plume information according to the distribution characteristics of the local flow field, and then delineate the water anomaly (3) Geochemical information, according to the number of sulfide particles found in sediments, heavy mineral anomalies and the intensity of Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb element anomalies to delineate abnormal areas of different levels; (4) Biological information, marine The enriched area of sunflower, armored shrimp, fenugreek and mussels or their remains, extrapolated from the edge of the area at a distance of 100m as an abnormal area; (5) alteration information of surrounding rocks, rocks or sediments with color changes of taupe, brown, yellow and red (6) Mineralization outcrop information, brown and reddish-brown sulfides in the shape of mounds, chimneys, layers and breccias are direct evidence
  • Step 2.2 Based on the prospecting information in the previous step and the delineation of the abnormal area, the prospective area is delineated by a closed curve, and a single prospecting mark can be delineated as a prospective area.
  • the prospect area contains all prospecting marks, and the positions of various types of prospecting marks overlap but are not completely overlapped, various abnormal ranges are delineated in the prospect area.
  • Step 3 Delineation of the exploration reserve area; including evaluating and classifying the prospecting information, delimiting the level of the prospective area, and taking the prospective area as the exploration reserve area; the specific steps are as follows:
  • Step 3.1 According to the type of prospecting information and the level of prospecting information in the prospecting area, and in order of resource potential from high to bottom, the level of the prospecting area is divided into Level I, Level II and Level III, and the low-level prospecting area may include high High-level prospect areas cannot contain low-level prospect areas;
  • Step 3.2 According to the level of the prospective area, delineate the exploration reserve area.
  • the method for determining the scope of the prospect based on the plume further includes:
  • the distance D between the geographic location of the plume information and the hydrothermal source should satisfy D ⁇ seawater bottom velocity ⁇ the dissipation time of the abnormal signal in the seawater; the hydrothermal source is located in an area lower than the water depth where the plume information is found.
  • the anomaly areas of different levels are delineated, further including:
  • the method of mean + 2 ⁇ variance is used to cyclically eliminate outliers until the data set meets the requirements.
  • the radius of 500-1000m is used to delineate the I-level anomaly area; when the number of sulfide particles in the sediment is greater than 10, or the anomalous intensity of Cu and Zn elements is greater than the average + variance of the measurement area, the radius of 1500-2000m is delineated It is a grade II abnormal area; when the number of sulfide particles in the sediment is greater than 1, or the abnormal intensity of Cu and Zn elements in the sediment is greater than the average value + 0.5 ⁇ variance, it is defined as a grade III abnormal area with a radius of 5000m.
  • the prospect area is delineated according to the prospecting mark, which further includes:
  • the distance between two long-range areas is not less than 2km: if the distance between two or more long-range areas at the same level is less than 2km, it will be designated as the same long-range area; if the distance between two or more long-range areas at different levels is less than 2km, it will be designated as the same long-range area. For nested prospects.
  • the level of the prospect area is delineated according to the level of the prospecting mark, further comprising:
  • the metallogenic markers are divided into three categories, indirect information: (1) plume information; metallogenic factor information: (2) geophysical information, (3) geochemical information and (4) biological information; and direct information: (5) ) surrounding rock alteration information and (6) mineralization outcrop information; the area with direct information in the prospect area is designated as a level I prospect area; the area with indirect information in the prospect area is classified as a level II prospect area ; If there is information on metallogenic factors in the prospect area, it will be classified as a Class III prospect area.
  • the method for delimiting the exploration reserved area for deep-sea polymetallic sulfides proposed by the present invention has carried out the delineation of the exploration reserved area in the southwestern Indian Ocean polymetallic sulfide mining area, and based on the prospecting information, the prospect can be effectively delimited It has strong applicability and is of guiding significance for the exploration of polymetallic sulfide resources in other deep-sea areas.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for delineating an exploration reserve area for deep-sea polymetallic sulfide resources provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the specific steps of a method for delineating a reserve area for exploration of deep-sea polymetallic sulfide resources provided by the present invention.
  • a method for delineating exploration and reserve areas for submarine polymetallic sulfide resources Taking a prospect A as an example, it can be divided into three sub-areas, A1, A2, and A3, with slightly different investigation degrees. Specific steps include:
  • Step 1 The stage of extraction and grading of prospecting marks; including extracting prospecting marks for deep-sea sulfide resources, specifying the characteristics of the marks, and delimiting the grades of the marks;
  • Step 2 Evaluation stage of metallogenic prospective areas; including the delineation of the control range indicated by various prospecting signs, and the delineation of prospective areas based on prospecting signs;
  • Step 3 Delineation of the exploration and reserve area; including evaluating and classifying the prospecting sign information, delimiting the level of the prospective area, and sequentially using the higher-level prospective area as the exploration and reserve area;
  • step 1 The specific steps of the step 1 are as follows:
  • Step 1.1 Extract the prospecting signs of 6 types of deep-sea polymetallic sulfide resources, namely (1) plume information, (2) geophysical information, (3) geochemical information, (4) biological information, (5) Wall rock alteration information and (6) mineralized outcrop information;
  • Step 1.2 Specify the characteristics of the prospecting signs, (1) the characteristics of the plume information: take the seawater elements within a range of 100 meters as the background value, with high temperature-salinity, high turbidity, low redox potential, high Methane, high dissolved Mn 2+ and Fe 2+ , high He isotope and 3 He/ 4 He ratio; (2) Characteristics of geophysical information: weak magnetic, high Polarization, low resistance, high density; (3) Features of geochemical information: Cu-Zn-Fe-Mn composite element anomaly, low MSI (Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)) value, high Cu /Fe ratio; (4) Characteristics of biological information: typical organisms in hydrothermal areas, such as sea anemones, armored shrimps, fenugreek and mussels; (5) Characteristics of wall rock alteration information: silicification, chlorite, epidote , zeolization, edinization, serpentinization, carbonation;
  • Step 1.3 According to the credibility of prospecting information, specify the level of prospecting marks.
  • the level of prospecting marks from low to high is: (1) plume information, (2) geophysical information, (3) geochemical information , (4) biological information, (5) surrounding rock alteration information and (6) mineralized outcrop information;
  • step 2 The specific steps of step 2 are as follows:
  • Step 2.1 Based on the prospecting signs, extrapolate the distribution range of the prospect. Specifically:
  • Plume information In the A1 area, it is found that there are both turbidity anomalies and dissolved methane gas anomalies in the water body;
  • Alteration information of surrounding rocks In the A3 area, the rocks are mainly basalt and peridotite, the basalt is gray-black, the shape is pillow-like and breccia-like, and different degrees of alteration occur.
  • the surface of the altered basalt is It is light green and yellow-green, and the peridotite is light green, mostly showing breccia distribution.
  • the alteration area is distributed around the mineralized area, and the strike is also NE, showing an ellipse shape. The entire alteration area is about 500m long and 250m wide along the strike;
  • the plume-based method for determining the extent of a prospect further comprising:
  • the distance D between the geographic location of different water body anomaly signals and the hydrothermal source should satisfy D ⁇ seawater bottom velocity ⁇ dissipation time of the anomalous element in seawater; the hydrothermal source must be located below the location where the water body anomaly signal is found In the area of water depth, that is, in the area where the abnormal hydrothermal signal is located, the area with higher water depth than the area where the abnormal hydrothermal signal is located can basically exclude the possibility of the existence of the hydrothermal source;
  • the method of mean + 2 ⁇ variance is used to cyclically eliminate outliers until the data set meets the requirements.
  • the radius of 500-1000m is used to delineate the I-level anomaly area; when the number of sulfide particles in the sediment is greater than 10, or the anomalous intensity of Cu and Zn elements is greater than the average + variance of the measurement area, the radius of 1500-2000m is delineated It is a grade II abnormal area; when the number of sulfide particles in the sediment is greater than 1, or the abnormal intensity of Cu and Zn elements in the sediment is greater than the average value + 0.5 ⁇ variance, it is defined as a grade III abnormal area with a radius of 5000m.
  • Step 2.2 Based on the prospecting marks and diffusion range in the previous step, the prospect area is delineated by a closed curve.
  • a single prospecting mark is defined as a prospect area.
  • the prospect area includes all prospecting marks, and various types of prospecting marks are abnormally distributed in similar areas. (The position overlaps but the position does not completely overlap), delineate various abnormal ranges in the long-range area;
  • step 3 The specific steps of the step 3 are as follows:
  • Step 3.1 According to the type of prospecting marks and the level of prospecting marks in the prospect area, and in order of resource potential from high to bottom, the levels of prospect areas are delineated as Level I, Level II and Level III, and low-level prospect areas can be nested High-level prospect areas, low-level prospect areas cannot be nested in high-level prospect areas;
  • Delineate prospective areas according to prospecting signs further including:
  • the distance between two long-range areas is not less than 2km: if the distance between two or more long-range areas at the same level is less than 2km, it will be designated as the same long-range area; if the distance between two or more long-range areas at different levels is less than 2km, it will be designated as the same long-range area. is a nested prospect;
  • Step 3.2 According to the level of the prospective area, delineate the exploration reserve area; delineate the level of the prospective area according to the level of the prospecting mark, further including:
  • the metallogenic markers are divided into three categories, indirect information: (1) plume information; metallogenic factor information: (2) geophysical information, (3) geochemical information and (4) biological information; and direct information: (5) ) surrounding rock alteration information and (6) mineralization outcrop information; the area with direct information in the prospect area is designated as a level I prospect area; the area with indirect information in the prospect area is classified as a level II prospect area ; If there is information on metallogenic factors in the prospect area, it will be classified as a Class III prospect area.
  • the A1 area is designated as a Class III prospective area; the A2 area is designated as a Class II prospective area; and the A3 area is designated as a Class I prospective area.

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Abstract

一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法，适用于在海底硫化物找矿调查后，经过远景区圈定与评价，圈定勘探保留区块，以备开展进一步勘探。方法包括以下步骤：首先是找矿标志提取阶段；包括提取深海硫化物资源找矿标志，指定标志的特征，划定标志的级别；其次是成矿远景区评价阶段；包括各种找矿标志控制范围的划定，以及基于找矿标志圈定远景区；最后是勘探保留区圈定阶段；包括综合各类找矿标志信息进行预测，确定远景区级别，依次把较高级别的远景区作为资源保留区。应用于深海多金属硫化物资源的评价与预测，特别是深海多金属硫化物的资源勘探保留区圈定。

Description

一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法 技术领域
本发明属于深海资源勘探开发技术领域，具体涉及一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法。
背景技术
深海热液活动过程中可形成多种热液产物，包括热液流体、热液柱、热液硫化物、热液蚀变岩石、含金属沉积物及喷口活体生物等。其中热液硫化物通常富含Cu、Zn、Au、Ag等金属元素，亦称之为多金属硫化物。多金属硫化物作为一种可被开发利用的多金属矿产资源，它的合理开发为满足人类对多金属矿产资源的需求提供了可能。作为一种重要的战略资源，深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探备受关注。多项国际研究计划，对该类资源在海底的分布、规模与成矿控制因素等方面也开展了大量调查研究，多金属硫化物一般形成于海底的开放环境之下，不仅与岩浆活动、构造等密切相关，而且受海水动力学、水化学特征等的影响，形成条件复杂、矿床产出形式多样。多金属硫化物矿床的矿床成因、控矿因素、成矿规律的研究都处于初期阶段，目前没有系统的深海多金属硫化物资源勘探保留区圈定方法，制约了勘探工作的进展。亟需制定适宜的勘探圈定策略，指导进一步的资源评价与预测。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种深海多金属硫化物的勘探保留区圈定方法，通过对找矿指标分析，划定远景区的级别，通过远景区的级别圈定勘探保留区。
本发明的技术方案如下所述：一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：找矿标志提取与定级阶段；包括提取深海硫化物资源找矿标志，指定标志的特征，划定标志的级别；具体步骤如下：
步骤1.1：提取深海多金属硫化物资源的找矿信息，主要包括(1)羽状流信息、(2)地球物理信息、(3)地球化学信息、(4)生物信息、(5)围岩蚀变信息与(6)矿化露头信息；具体过程如下：指定找矿标志的特征，(1)羽状流信息的特征：以周围100米范围内的海水要素为背景值，具备高温度-盐度、高浊度、低氧化还原电位、高甲烷、高溶解态Mn 2+和Fe 2+、高He同位素及 3He/ 4He比率；(2)地球物理信息的特征：相对于距离海底200米范围内的背景值，具有弱磁性、高极化、低电阻、高密度；(3)地球化学信息的特征：Cu-Zn-Fe-Mn组合元素异常、MSI(Al/(Al+Fe+Mn))异常，Cu/Fe异常等；(4)生物信息的特征：典型的热 液区生物，包括海葵、铠甲虾、茗荷以及贻贝；(5)围岩蚀变信息的特征：硅化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、沸石化、伊丁石化、蛇纹石化、碳酸盐化；(6)矿化露头信息的特征：多金属硫化物烟囱体、多金属沉积物；
步骤1.2：根据找矿信息的可信程度，指定找矿标志的级别，找矿标志级别由低至高依次为：(1)羽状流信息、(2)地球物理信息、(3)地球化学信息、(4)生物信息、(5)围岩蚀变信息与(6)矿化露头信息。
步骤2：成矿远景区评价阶段；包括各种找矿标志所指示的控制范围划定，以及基于找矿标志圈定远景区；具体步骤如下：
步骤2.1：基于找矿标志，圈定异常区的范围。具体为：(1)羽状流信息，先根据地形数据将水体异常发现处附近高于水体异常的地形区域排除，再根据局地流场分布特征对羽状流信息进行溯源，进而圈定水体异常区的范围；(3)地球化学信息，根据沉积物中发现硫化物颗粒数、重矿物异常以及Cu、Zn、Fe与Pb元素异常的强度圈定不同级别的异常区；(4)生物信息，海葵、铠甲虾、茗荷与贻贝或其遗骸富集区域，从区域边缘外推距离100m作为异常区；(5)围岩蚀变信息，灰褐色、褐色、黄色、红色颜色变化的岩石或沉积物，外推距离2000m作为异常区；(6)矿化露头信息，呈丘状、烟囱状、层状、角砾状的褐色、红褐色硫化物为硫化物区的直接证据，外推距离800m作为异常区；热液产物蛋白石、烟囱体等分布区域，丘状、烟囱状外推距离500m作为异常区，层状等产状外推距离2000m作为异常区；
步骤2.2：基于上一步的找矿信息以及异常区圈定范围，以封闭曲线圈定远景区，单一找矿标志即可圈定为远景区。当远景区包含所有找矿标志，多种类型找矿标志位置有重叠但是位置又不完全重叠时，将各种异常范围均圈定在远景区内。
步骤3：勘探保留区圈定阶段；包括对找矿信息进行评价分类，划定远景区的级别，把远景区作为勘探保留区；具体步骤如下：
步骤3.1：根据找矿信息类型与远景区内的找矿信息级别，以资源潜力从高到底，依次划定远景区的级别为I级、II级与III级，低级别远景区内可包含高级别远景区，高级别的远景区内不可包含低级别的远景区；
步骤3.2：根据远景区的级别，圈定勘探保留区。
进一步地，所述步骤2.1中，基于羽状流确定远景区范围的方法，进一步包括：
羽状流信息的地理位置与热液源之间的距离D应满足D≤海水底层流速×异常信号在海水中的耗散时间；热液源位于低于羽状流信息发现地水深的区域。
进一步地，所述步骤2.1中，根据元素异常以及重矿物异常圈定不同级别的异常区，进一步包括：
采用平均值+2×方差的方式循环剔除特异值至数据集满足要求，当沉积物中发现硫化物颗粒数>25，或Cu、Zn元素异常的强度大于测区平均值+2×方差时，以500-1000m为半径圈定为I级异常区；当沉积物中发现硫化物的颗粒数>10，或Cu、Zn元素异常的强度大于测区平均值+方差时，以1500-2000m为半径圈定为II级异常区；当沉积物中发现硫化物的颗粒数>1，或沉积物中Cu、Zn元素异常的强度大于平均值+0.5×方差，以5000m为半径圈定为III级异常区。
进一步地，所述步骤3.1中，根据找矿标志圈定远景区，进一步包括：
两个远景区之间距离不小于2km：若同一级别2个或2个以上远景区距离小于2km，则圈定为同一远景区；若不同级别2个或2个以上远景区距离小于2km，则划为嵌套远景区。
进一步地，所述步骤3.2中，根据找矿标志级别划定远景区的级别，进一步包括：
将成矿标志分为三类，间接信息：(1)羽状流信息；成矿因素信息：(2)地球物理信息、(3)地球化学信息与(4)生物信息；以及直接信息：(5)围岩蚀变信息与(6)矿化露头信息；将远景区内存在直接信息的区域，划定为I级远景区；将远景区内存在间接信息的区域，划定为II级远景区；将远景区内存在成矿因素信息的，划定为III级远景区。
本发明的有益技术效果在于：本发明提出的深海多金属硫化物的勘探保留区圈定方法，在西南印度洋多金属硫化物矿区开展了勘探保留区圈定工作，基于找矿信息，能够有效划定远景区级别，为保留区圈定提供依据，适用性较强，对其他深海区域的多金属硫化物资源勘探具有指导意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法流程图。
图2为本发明提供的一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法的具体步骤。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法实施进行具体说明：
一种海底多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法，以某远景区A为例，可以分为A1、A2与A3三个子区，调查程度略有不同，对该区域进行勘探保留区圈定，具体步骤包括：
步骤1：找矿标志提取与定级阶段；包括提取深海硫化物资源找矿标志，指定标志的特征，划定标志的级别；
步骤2：成矿远景区评价阶段；包括各种找矿标志所指示的控制范围划定，以及基于找矿标志圈定远景区；
步骤3：勘探保留区圈定阶段；包括对找矿标志信息进行评价分类，划定远景区的级别， 依次把较高级别的远景区作为勘探保留区；
所述步骤1的具体步骤如下：
步骤1.1：提取6类深海多金属硫化物资源的找矿标志，分别为(1)羽状流信息、(2)地球物理信息、(3)地球化学信息、(4)生物信息、(5)围岩蚀变信息与(6)矿化露头信息；
步骤1.2：指定找矿标志的特征，(1)羽状流信息的特征：以周围100米范围内的海水要素为背景值，具备高温度-盐度、高浊度、低氧化还原电位、高甲烷、高溶解态Mn 2+和Fe 2+、高He同位素及 3He/ 4He比率；(2)地球物理信息的特征：相对于距离海底200米范围内的背景值，具有弱磁性、高极化、低电阻、高密度；(3)地球化学信息的特征：Cu-Zn-Fe-Mn组合元素异常、较低的MSI(Al/(Al+Fe+Mn))值，较高的Cu/Fe比值；(4)生物信息的特征：典型的热液区生物，海葵、铠甲虾、茗荷以及贻贝；(5)围岩蚀变信息的特征：硅化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、沸石化、伊丁石化、蛇纹石化、碳酸盐化；(6)矿化露头信息的特征：多金属硫化物烟囱体、多金属沉积物；
步骤1.3：根据找矿信息的可信程度，指定找矿标志的级别，找矿标志级别由低至高依次为：(1)羽状流信息、(2)地球物理信息、(3)地球化学信息、(4)生物信息、(5)围岩蚀变信息与(6)矿化露头信息；
所述步骤2的具体步骤如下：
步骤2.1：基于找矿标志，外推远景区的分布范围。具体为：
(1)羽状流信息：在A1区域发现水体中既存在浊度异常，又存在溶解甲烷气体异常；
(2)地球物理信息：在A2区域，磁力探测结果表明，存在低磁异常，受热液蚀变而产生了退磁；
(3)地球化学信息：在A2区域采集的硫化物样品的Cu、Zn含量较低，其中Cu的含量范围为0.02wt.％～2.88wt.％，Zn的含量普遍低于0.01wt.％，根据Cu、Fe、Si元素的含量，可以将其分为Si-Fe型；
(4)生物信息：在A2区域，发现疑似的热液生物如贻贝、螺、铭荷等遗骸，主要分布在海底地形高地及其边缘或海山区，其形成有可能受到热液的影响；
(5)围岩蚀变信息：在A3区域，岩石主要为玄武岩和橄榄岩，玄武岩为灰黑色，形状为枕状和角砾状，并且发生不同程度的蚀变现象，蚀变后的玄武岩表面呈现淡绿色和黄绿色，橄榄岩为淡绿色，多呈现角砾分布。蚀变区域围绕着矿化区域分布，走向也为北东向，呈现椭圆状，沿着走向整个蚀变区长约500m，宽约250m；
(6)矿化露头信息：在A3区域，出露块状硫化物和红褐色热液沉积物，沿着走向整个矿化区长约200m，宽约100m；
基于羽状流确定远景区范围的方法，进一步包括：
不同的水体异常信号的地理位置与热液源之间的距离D应满足D≤海水底层流速×该异常元素在海水中的耗散时间；热液源必位于低于水体异常信号发现地的所在水深的区域，即在热液异常信号所在区域内，比热液异常信号所在水深高的区域均可基本排除热液源地存在的可能性；
根据元素异常以及重矿物异常圈定不同级别的远景区，进一步包括：
采用平均值+2×方差的方式循环剔除特异值至数据集满足要求，当沉积物中发现硫化物颗粒数>25，或Cu、Zn元素异常的强度大于测区平均值+2×方差时，以500-1000m为半径圈定为I级异常区；当沉积物中发现硫化物的颗粒数>10，或Cu、Zn元素异常的强度大于测区平均值+方差时，以1500-2000m为半径圈定为II级异常区；当沉积物中发现硫化物的颗粒数>1，或沉积物中Cu、Zn元素异常的强度大于平均值+0.5×方差，以5000m为半径圈定为III级异常区。
步骤2.2：基于上一步的找矿标志以及扩散范围，以封闭曲线圈定远景区，单一找矿标志即圈定为远景区，远景区包含所有找矿标志，多种类型找矿标志异常分布在相近区域(位置有重叠但是位置又不完全重叠)时，将各种异常范围均圈定在远景区内；
所述步骤3的具体步骤如下：
步骤3.1：根据找矿标志类型与远景区内的找矿标志级别，以资源潜力从高到底，依次划定远景区的级别为I级、II级与III级，低级别远景区内可嵌套高级别远景区，高级别的远景区内不可嵌套低级别的远景区；
根据找矿标志圈定远景区，进一步包括：
两个远景区之间距离不小于2km：若同一级别2个或2个以上远景区距离小于2km，则圈定为同一远景区；若不同级别2个或2个以上远景区距离小于2km，则划为嵌套远景区；
步骤3.2：根据远景区的级别，圈定勘探保留区；根据找矿标志级别划定远景区的级别，进一步包括：
将成矿标志分为三类，间接信息：(1)羽状流信息；成矿因素信息：(2)地球物理信息、(3)地球化学信息与(4)生物信息；以及直接信息：(5)围岩蚀变信息与(6)矿化露头信息；将远景区内存在直接信息的区域，划定为I级远景区；将远景区内存在间接信息的区域，划定为II级远景区；将远景区内存在成矿因素信息的，划定为III级远景区。将A1区域划定为III级远景区；将A2区域划定为II级远景区；将A3区域划定为I级远景区。
上述实施例用来解释说明本发明，而不是对本发明进行限制，在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内，对本发明作出的任何修改和改变，都落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤1：找矿标志提取与定级阶段；包括提取深海硫化物资源找矿标志，指定标志的特征，划定标志的级别；具体步骤如下：
    步骤1.1：提取深海多金属硫化物资源的找矿信息，主要包括(1)羽状流信息、(2)地球物理信息、(3)地球化学信息、(4)生物信息、(5)围岩蚀变信息与(6)矿化露头信息；具体过程如下：指定找矿标志的特征，(1)羽状流信息的特征：以周围100米范围内的海水要素为背景值，具备高温度-盐度、高浊度、低氧化还原电位、高甲烷、高溶解态Mn 2+和Fe 2+、高He同位素及 3He/ 4He比率；(2)地球物理信息的特征：相对于距离海底200米范围内的背景值，具有弱磁性、高极化、低电阻、高密度；(3)地球化学信息的特征：Cu-Zn-Fe-Mn组合元素异常、MSI(Al/(Al+Fe+Mn))异常，Cu/Fe异常等；(4)生物信息的特征：典型的热液区生物，包括海葵、铠甲虾、茗荷以及贻贝；(5)围岩蚀变信息的特征：硅化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、沸石化、伊丁石化、蛇纹石化、碳酸盐化；(6)矿化露头信息的特征：多金属硫化物烟囱体、多金属沉积物；
    步骤1.2：根据找矿信息的可信程度，指定找矿标志的级别，找矿标志级别由低至高依次为：(1)羽状流信息、(2)地球物理信息、(3)地球化学信息、(4)生物信息、(5)围岩蚀变信息与(6)矿化露头信息。
    步骤2：成矿远景区评价阶段；包括各种找矿标志所指示的控制范围划定，以及基于找矿标志圈定远景区；具体步骤如下：
    步骤2.1：基于找矿标志，圈定异常区的范围。具体为：(1)羽状流信息，先根据地形数据将水体异常发现处附近高于水体异常的地形区域排除，再根据局地流场分布特征对羽状流信息进行溯源，进而圈定水体异常区的范围；(3)地球化学信息，根据沉积物中发现硫化物颗粒数、重矿物异常以及Cu、Zn、Fe与Pb元素异常的强度圈定不同级别的异常区；(4)生物信息，海葵、铠甲虾、茗荷与贻贝或其遗骸富集区域，从区域边缘外推距离100m作为异常区；(5)围岩蚀变信息，灰褐色、褐色、黄色、红色颜色变化的岩石或沉积物，外推距离2000m作为异常区；(6)矿化露头信息，呈丘状、烟囱状、层状、角砾状的褐色、红褐色硫化物为硫化物区的直接证据，外推距离800m作为异常区；热液产物蛋白石、烟囱体等分布区域，丘状、烟囱状外推距离500m作为异常区，层状等产状外推距离2000m作为异常区；
    步骤2.2：基于上一步的找矿信息以及异常区圈定范围，以封闭曲线圈定远景区，单一找矿标志即可圈定为远景区。当远景区包含所有找矿标志，多种类型找矿标志位置有重叠但是 位置又不完全重叠时，将各种异常范围均圈定在远景区内。
    步骤3：勘探保留区圈定阶段；包括对找矿信息进行评价分类，划定远景区的级别，依次把较高级别的远景区作为勘探保留区；具体步骤如下：
    步骤3.1：根据找矿信息类型与远景区内的找矿信息级别，以资源潜力从高到底，依次划定远景区的级别为I级、II级与III级，低级别远景区内可包含高级别远景区，高级别的远景区内不可包含低级别的远景区；
    步骤3.2：根据远景区的级别，圈定勘探保留区。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2.1中，基于羽状流确定远景区范围的方法，进一步包括：
    羽状流信息的地理位置与热液源之间的距离D应满足D≤海水底层流速×异常信号在海水中的耗散时间；热液源位于低于羽状流信息发现地水深的区域。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2.1中，根据元素异常以及重矿物异常圈定不同级别的异常区，进一步包括：
    采用平均值+2×方差的方式循环剔除特异值至数据集满足要求，当沉积物中发现硫化物颗粒数>25，或Cu、Zn元素异常的强度大于测区平均值+2×方差时，以500-1000m为半径圈定为I级异常区；当沉积物中发现硫化物的颗粒数>10，或Cu、Zn元素异常的强度大于测区平均值+方差时，以1500-2000m为半径圈定为II级异常区；当沉积物中发现硫化物的颗粒数>1，或沉积物中Cu、Zn元素异常的强度大于平均值+0.5×方差，以5000m为半径圈定为III级异常区。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3.1中，根据找矿标志圈定远景区，进一步包括：
    两个远景区之间距离不小于2km：若同一级别2个或2个以上远景区距离小于2km，则圈定为同一远景区；若不同级别2个或2个以上远景区距离小于2km，则划为嵌套远景区。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深海多金属硫化物资源的勘探保留区圈定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3.2中，根据找矿标志级别划定远景区的级别，进一步包括：
    将成矿标志分为三类，间接信息：(1)羽状流信息；成矿因素信息：(2)地球物理信息、(3)地球化学信息与(4)生物信息；以及直接信息：(5)围岩蚀变信息与(6)矿化露头信息；将远景区内存在直接信息的区域，划定为I级远景区；将远景区内存在间接信息的区域，划定为II级远景区；将远景区内存在成矿因素信息的，划定为III级远景区。
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