WO2022087955A1 - 光伏系统母线电压控制方法及装置 - Google Patents

光伏系统母线电压控制方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022087955A1
WO2022087955A1 PCT/CN2020/124781 CN2020124781W WO2022087955A1 WO 2022087955 A1 WO2022087955 A1 WO 2022087955A1 CN 2020124781 W CN2020124781 W CN 2020124781W WO 2022087955 A1 WO2022087955 A1 WO 2022087955A1
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Prior art keywords
power
voltage
photovoltaic
maximum power
charging
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PCT/CN2020/124781
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐志武
顾桂磊
钟少辉
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华为数字能源技术有限公司
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Priority to JP2023526207A priority Critical patent/JP2023549695A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2020/124781 priority patent/WO2022087955A1/zh
Priority to AU2020475318A priority patent/AU2020475318B2/en
Priority to EP20959118.9A priority patent/EP4216394A4/en
Priority to CN202080031294.8A priority patent/CN114698407A/zh
Priority to KR1020237016266A priority patent/KR20230085195A/ko
Publication of WO2022087955A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022087955A1/zh
Priority to US18/308,226 priority patent/US20230261510A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/14—Energy storage units

Definitions

  • the present application relates to power electronics technology, and in particular to a method and device for controlling the busbar voltage of a photovoltaic system.
  • Photovoltaic power generation refers to the use of the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials to convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy, such as generating direct current under sunlight through photovoltaic modules.
  • Photovoltaic modules are the core part of photovoltaic power generation systems. Several single solar cells are connected in series and parallel and then packaged into a single module, which is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy. A plurality of photovoltaic modules are connected in series and parallel to form a solar photovoltaic array.
  • a photovoltaic power generation system energy is supplied to the load by a solar photovoltaic array. Affected by light and environmental factors, the energy provided by the solar photovoltaic array fluctuates, and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology can be used to track the output voltage and current to obtain the maximum photovoltaic power.
  • MPPT maximum power point tracking
  • the excess energy can be stored or fed into the AC grid.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system needs to control the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device to match the change of the load.
  • the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device is calculated according to the busbar voltage, and there is a linear relationship between the busbar voltage and the charging power, and between the busbar voltage and the discharging power.
  • the inverter bus capacitance is often large, it is necessary to gradually adjust the bus voltage to a specified range.
  • the conversion efficiency of the converter is not high, the system revenue is reduced, and it is not conducive to quickly adjust the bus voltage to realize the control of the charging and discharging power to match the change of the load.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a bus voltage control method of a photovoltaic system
  • the photovoltaic system includes a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter, wherein the DC/DC converter, the DC/AC converter And the energy storage battery is connected through the bus, the DC/DC converter is connected with the photovoltaic DC source and performs maximum power tracking MPPT on the input power from the photovoltaic DC source, and the load connected with the DC/AC converter has a load power, the energy storage battery has a maximum power for charging and a maximum power for discharging.
  • the method includes: controlling the busbar voltage in a plurality of different and discontinuous voltage intervals according to different results of the comparison between the photovoltaic maximum power and the load power and the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power, wherein , the different and discontinuous voltage intervals correspond to different working states of the inverter.
  • the switching of the working state of the inverter is realized by controlling the bus voltage to be in different and discontinuous voltage intervals, which is beneficial to stability and flexibility.
  • the conversion efficiency can be reduced, and the operating range of the inverter can be reduced, thereby improving the inverter efficiency and improving the system revenue.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a method for controlling a bus voltage of a photovoltaic system, where the photovoltaic system includes a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter, wherein the DC/DC converter, the DC The /AC converter and the energy storage battery are connected through the bus bar, the DC/DC converter is connected to the photovoltaic DC source and performs maximum power tracking MPPT on the input power from the photovoltaic DC source, and is connected to the DC/AC converter
  • the load has a load power
  • the energy storage battery has a maximum power for charging and a maximum power for discharging.
  • the method includes: controlling the busbar voltage in a plurality of different and discontinuous voltage intervals according to different results of the comparison between the photovoltaic maximum power and the load power and the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power, wherein , the different and discontinuous voltage intervals correspond to different working states of the inverter.
  • the technical solution described in the first aspect realizes the switching of the working state of the inverter by controlling the bus voltage in a plurality of different and discontinuous voltage intervals, which is beneficial to stability and flexibility.
  • the different results of the comparison between the load powers and the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power are used to control the bus voltage, which realizes the fast power balance in the load mutation scenario, and also realizes the fast response to the change of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery. Therefore, it is beneficial to improve the conversion efficiency of the inverter, reduce the working range of the inverter, thereby improving the efficiency of the inverter and improving the system revenue.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the multiple voltage intervals that are not identical and discontinuous include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is greater than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is greater than the charging maximum power, controlling the bus voltage Work in the first voltage interval, wherein the first voltage interval corresponds to the BST side bus voltage reference value, wherein, when the working state of the inverter is in the state corresponding to the BST side bus voltage reference value, the The energy storage battery is in a charging state and the charging power of the energy storage battery reaches the maximum charging power, and the photovoltaic output power of the photovoltaic DC source is less than the photovoltaic maximum power, wherein the photovoltaic output power of the photovoltaic DC source It is equal to the sum of the load power and the charging maximum power.
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage within a specific voltage interval.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the different and discontinuous multiple voltage intervals include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is greater than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is less than the charging maximum power, controlling the bus voltage work in the second voltage interval, wherein the second voltage interval corresponds to the reference value of the charging busbar voltage of the energy storage battery, wherein, when the working state of the inverter is at the reference value corresponding to the charging busbar voltage of the energy storage battery state, the energy storage battery is in a charging state and the charging power of the energy storage battery is less than the maximum charging power, and the photovoltaic output power provided by the photovoltaic DC source reaches the photovoltaic maximum power, wherein the energy storage battery The charging power of the battery is equal to the photovoltaic maximum power minus the load power.
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage within a specific voltage interval.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the different and discontinuous multiple voltage intervals include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is less than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is less than the maximum discharge power, controlling the bus voltage work in a third voltage interval, wherein the third voltage interval corresponds to the INV side bus voltage reference value, wherein, when the working state of the inverter is in the state corresponding to the INV side bus voltage reference value, The energy storage battery is in a discharge state and the discharge power of the energy storage battery reaches the maximum discharge power, the photovoltaic output power provided by the photovoltaic DC source reaches the photovoltaic maximum power, and the load obtains compensation power from the AC grid , the compensation power is equal to the load power minus the photovoltaic maximum power plus the discharge maximum power.
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage within a specific voltage interval.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the different and discontinuous multiple voltage intervals include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is less than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is greater than the discharge maximum power, controlling the bus voltage work in the fourth voltage interval, wherein the fourth voltage interval corresponds to the reference value of the discharge bus voltage of the energy storage battery, wherein, when the working state of the inverter is in the corresponding value of the discharge bus voltage of the energy storage battery When the energy storage battery is in a discharge state, the discharge power of the energy storage battery is greater than the maximum discharge power, the photovoltaic output power provided by the photovoltaic DC source reaches the maximum photovoltaic power, and the energy storage battery The discharge power is equal to the photovoltaic maximum power minus the load power.
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage within a specific voltage interval.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the multiple voltage intervals that are not identical and discontinuous include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is greater than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is greater than the charging maximum power, controlling the bus voltage Working in a first voltage interval, wherein the first voltage interval corresponds to the reference value of the busbar voltage on the BST side, when the maximum photovoltaic power is greater than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is less than the charging At the maximum power, the busbar voltage is controlled to work in a second voltage interval, wherein the second voltage interval corresponds to the reference value of the energy storage battery charging busbar voltage, when the maximum photovoltaic power is less than the load power and the photovoltaic maximum When the power minus the load power is less than the discharge maximum power, the busbar voltage is controlled to be
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage in different voltage intervals according to the different results of the comparison between the photovoltaic maximum power and the load power and the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power .
  • a BST side bus voltage loop control command is generated according to the bus voltage sampling value of the inverter and the BST side bus voltage reference value, for controlling the inverter
  • the output power of the inverter is used to stabilize the bus voltage at the BST side bus voltage reference value
  • the INV side bus voltage loop control command is generated according to the bus voltage sample value and the INV side bus voltage reference value, for Controlling the output power of the inverter so that the bus voltage is stable at the INV side bus voltage reference value
  • a voltage loop control instruction used to control the charging power of the energy storage battery so that the bus voltage is stabilized at the reference value of the charging bus voltage of the energy storage battery; according to the bus voltage sampling value and the energy storage battery discharge
  • the bus voltage reference value generates an energy storage battery discharge bus voltage loop control command for controlling the discharge power of the energy storage battery so that the bus voltage is stabilized at the energy storage battery discharge bus voltage
  • the BST side bus voltage loop control instruction, the INV side bus voltage loop control instruction, the energy storage battery charging bus voltage loop control instruction and all The above-mentioned energy storage battery discharge bus voltage loop control commands all use PI controllers.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the multiple voltage intervals that are not identical and discontinuous include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is less than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is greater than the maximum discharge power, or, when the When the photovoltaic maximum power is greater than the load power and the photovoltaic maximum power minus the load power is less than the charging maximum power, the busbar voltage is controlled to work in a fifth voltage interval, wherein the fifth voltage interval corresponds to the storage battery.
  • the photovoltaic output power provided by the photovoltaic DC source reaches the specified value.
  • the photovoltaic maximum power, the photovoltaic maximum power minus the load power is less than the charging maximum power and greater than the discharging maximum power.
  • the inverter can be switched to the corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage in different voltage intervals according to the different results of the comparison between the photovoltaic maximum power and the load power and the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power .
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the multiple voltage intervals that are not identical and discontinuous include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is greater than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is greater than the charging maximum power, controlling the bus voltage Working in the first voltage interval, wherein the first voltage interval corresponds to the reference value of the busbar voltage on the BST side, when the maximum photovoltaic power is less than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is less than the discharge
  • the busbar voltage is controlled to work in a third voltage interval, wherein the third voltage interval corresponds to the INV side busbar voltage reference value, when the photovoltaic maximum power is less than the load power and the photovoltaic maximum power When the load power minus the load power is greater than the discharge maximum power, or, when the photovoltaic maximum
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage in different voltage intervals according to the different results of the comparison between the photovoltaic maximum power and the load power and the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power .
  • a BST-side bus-bar voltage loop control command is generated according to a bus-bar voltage sampling value of the inverter and a BST-side bus-bar voltage reference value, for controlling the inverter output power to make the bus voltage stable at the BST side bus voltage reference value; generate an INV side bus voltage loop control command according to the bus voltage sampling value and the INV side bus voltage reference value to control the reverse
  • the output power of the inverter is used to stabilize the bus voltage at the INV side bus voltage reference value;
  • the energy storage battery charge and discharge bus voltage loop control is generated according to the bus voltage sampling value and the energy storage battery charge and discharge bus voltage reference value
  • the instruction is used to control the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery so that the bus voltage is stabilized at a reference value of the charging and discharging bus voltage of the energy storage battery.
  • the BST side bus voltage loop control instruction, the INV side bus voltage loop control instruction and the energy storage battery charging and discharging bus voltage loop control instruction are all Adopt PI controller.
  • the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power are preset.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic system.
  • the photovoltaic system includes: a DC/DC converter; a DC/AC converter, wherein the DC/DC converter, the DC/AC converter and the energy storage battery are connected through a bus, the DC/DC converter Connected to a photovoltaic DC source and performing maximum power tracking MPPT on the input power from the photovoltaic DC source, a load connected to the DC/AC converter has load power, and the energy storage battery has a maximum power for charging and a maximum power for discharging ; and bus voltage controller.
  • the bus voltage controller is used to: control the bus voltage to be at different and discontinuous levels according to different results of the comparison between the photovoltaic maximum power and the load power and the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power. voltage intervals, wherein the different and discontinuous voltage intervals correspond to different working states of the inverter.
  • the switching of the working state of the inverter is realized by controlling the bus voltage in a plurality of different and discontinuous voltage intervals, which is beneficial to stability and flexibility.
  • the different results of the comparison between the load powers and the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power are used to control the bus voltage, which realizes the fast power balance in the load mutation scenario, and also realizes the fast response to the change of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery. Therefore, it is beneficial to improve the conversion efficiency of the inverter, reduce the working range of the inverter, thereby improving the efficiency of the inverter and improving the system revenue.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the multiple voltage intervals that are not identical and discontinuous include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is greater than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is greater than the charging maximum power, controlling the bus voltage Work in the first voltage interval, wherein the first voltage interval corresponds to the BST side bus voltage reference value, wherein, when the working state of the inverter is in the state corresponding to the BST side bus voltage reference value, the The energy storage battery is in a charging state and the charging power of the energy storage battery reaches the maximum charging power, and the photovoltaic output power of the photovoltaic DC source is less than the photovoltaic maximum power, wherein the photovoltaic output power of the photovoltaic DC source It is equal to the sum of the load power and the charging maximum power.
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage within a specific voltage interval.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the different and discontinuous multiple voltage intervals include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is greater than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is less than the charging maximum power, controlling the bus voltage work in the second voltage interval, wherein the second voltage interval corresponds to the reference value of the charging busbar voltage of the energy storage battery, wherein, when the working state of the inverter is at the reference value corresponding to the charging busbar voltage of the energy storage battery state, the energy storage battery is in a charging state and the charging power of the energy storage battery is less than the maximum charging power, and the photovoltaic output power provided by the photovoltaic DC source reaches the photovoltaic maximum power, wherein the energy storage battery The charging power of the battery is equal to the photovoltaic maximum power minus the load power.
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage within a specific voltage interval.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the different and discontinuous multiple voltage intervals include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is less than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is less than the maximum discharge power, controlling the bus voltage work in a third voltage interval, wherein the third voltage interval corresponds to the INV side bus voltage reference value, wherein, when the working state of the inverter is in the state corresponding to the INV side bus voltage reference value, The energy storage battery is in a discharge state and the discharge power of the energy storage battery reaches the maximum discharge power, the photovoltaic output power provided by the photovoltaic DC source reaches the photovoltaic maximum power, and the load obtains compensation power from the AC grid , the compensation power is equal to the load power minus the photovoltaic maximum power plus the discharge maximum power.
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage within a specific voltage interval.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the different and discontinuous multiple voltage intervals include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is less than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is greater than the discharge maximum power, controlling the bus voltage work in the fourth voltage interval, wherein the fourth voltage interval corresponds to the reference value of the discharge bus voltage of the energy storage battery, wherein, when the working state of the inverter is in the corresponding value of the discharge bus voltage of the energy storage battery When the energy storage battery is in a discharge state, the discharge power of the energy storage battery is greater than the maximum discharge power, the photovoltaic output power provided by the photovoltaic DC source reaches the maximum photovoltaic power, and the energy storage battery The discharge power is equal to the photovoltaic maximum power minus the load power.
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage within a specific voltage interval.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the multiple voltage intervals that are not identical and discontinuous include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is greater than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is greater than the charging maximum power, controlling the bus voltage Working in a first voltage interval, wherein the first voltage interval corresponds to the reference value of the busbar voltage on the BST side, when the maximum photovoltaic power is greater than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is less than the charging At the maximum power, the busbar voltage is controlled to work in a second voltage interval, wherein the second voltage interval corresponds to the reference value of the energy storage battery charging busbar voltage, when the maximum photovoltaic power is less than the load power and the photovoltaic maximum When the power minus the load power is less than the discharge maximum power, the busbar voltage is controlled to be
  • the inverter can be switched to the corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage in different voltage intervals according to the different results of the comparison between the photovoltaic maximum power and the load power and the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power .
  • the bus voltage controller is further configured to: generate a BST side bus voltage loop according to the bus voltage sampling value of the inverter and the BST side bus voltage reference value
  • a circuit control instruction is used to control the output power of the inverter so that the bus voltage is stable at the BST side bus voltage reference value
  • INV is generated according to the bus voltage sampling value and the INV side bus voltage reference value side bus voltage loop control instruction, used to control the output power of the inverter to make the bus voltage stable at the INV side bus voltage reference value
  • the bus voltage reference value generates an energy storage battery charging bus voltage loop control command, which is used to control the charging power of the energy storage battery so that the bus voltage is stabilized at the energy storage battery charging bus voltage reference value
  • the voltage sampling value and the energy storage battery discharge bus voltage reference value generate an energy storage battery discharge bus voltage loop control command, which is used to control the discharge power of the energy storage battery so that the bus voltage is stable at the energy
  • the BST side bus voltage loop control instruction, the INV side bus voltage loop control instruction, the energy storage battery charging bus voltage loop control instruction and all The above-mentioned energy storage battery discharge bus voltage loop control commands all use PI controllers.
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the multiple voltage intervals that are not identical and discontinuous include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is less than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is greater than the maximum discharge power, or, when the When the photovoltaic maximum power is greater than the load power and the photovoltaic maximum power minus the load power is less than the charging maximum power, the busbar voltage is controlled to work in a fifth voltage interval, wherein the fifth voltage interval corresponds to the storage battery.
  • the photovoltaic output power provided by the photovoltaic DC source reaches the specified value.
  • the photovoltaic maximum power, the photovoltaic maximum power minus the load power is less than the charging maximum power and greater than the discharging maximum power.
  • the inverter can be switched to the corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage in different voltage intervals according to the different results of the comparison between the photovoltaic maximum power and the load power and the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power .
  • the bus voltage is controlled to be
  • the multiple voltage intervals that are not identical and discontinuous include: when the maximum photovoltaic power is greater than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is greater than the charging maximum power, controlling the bus voltage Working in the first voltage interval, wherein the first voltage interval corresponds to the reference value of the busbar voltage on the BST side, when the maximum photovoltaic power is less than the load power and the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power is less than the discharge
  • the busbar voltage is controlled to work in a third voltage interval, wherein the third voltage interval corresponds to the INV side busbar voltage reference value, when the photovoltaic maximum power is less than the load power and the photovoltaic maximum power When the load power minus the load power is greater than the discharge maximum power, or, when the photovoltaic maximum
  • the inverter can be switched to a corresponding working state by controlling the bus voltage in different voltage intervals according to the different results of the comparison between the photovoltaic maximum power and the load power and the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power .
  • the bus voltage controller is further configured to: generate a BST side bus voltage loop control according to the bus voltage sampling value of the inverter and the BST side bus voltage reference value an instruction for controlling the output power of the inverter so that the bus voltage is stabilized at the BST side bus voltage reference value; generating an INV side bus voltage loop according to the bus voltage sampling value and the INV side bus voltage reference value A circuit control instruction is used to control the output power of the inverter so that the bus voltage is stable at the INV side bus voltage reference value; generated according to the bus voltage sampling value and the energy storage battery charge and discharge bus voltage reference value The energy storage battery charging and discharging bus voltage loop control instruction is used to control the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery so that the bus voltage is stabilized at the charging and discharging bus voltage reference value of the energy storage battery.
  • the BST side bus voltage loop control command, the INV side bus voltage loop control command and the energy storage battery charging and discharging bus voltage loop control command are all Adopt PI controller.
  • the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power are preset.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system including an inverter bus voltage controller provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling an inverter bus voltage in a first implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of controlling the inverter bus voltage according to the method shown in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling an inverter bus voltage in a second implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of controlling the inverter bus voltage according to the method shown in FIG. 4 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling a bus voltage of a photovoltaic system, where the photovoltaic system includes a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter, wherein the DC/DC converter, the DC/AC converter And the energy storage battery is connected through the bus, the DC/DC converter is connected with the photovoltaic DC source and performs maximum power tracking MPPT on the input power from the photovoltaic DC source, and the load connected with the DC/AC converter has a load power, the energy storage battery has a maximum power for charging and a maximum power for discharging.
  • the method includes: controlling the busbar voltage in a plurality of different and discontinuous voltage intervals according to different results of the comparison between the photovoltaic maximum power and the load power and the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power, wherein , the different and discontinuous voltage intervals correspond to different working states of the inverter.
  • the switching of the working state of the inverter is realized by controlling the bus voltage to be in different and discontinuous voltage intervals, which is beneficial to stability and flexibility.
  • the conversion efficiency can be reduced, and the operating range of the inverter can be reduced, thereby improving the inverter efficiency and improving the system revenue.
  • the embodiments of the present application can be used in the following application scenarios, including but not limited to, photovoltaic inverters, photovoltaic power generation systems, and other application scenarios that need to achieve fast balance of load power and fast response of energy storage batteries.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system including an inverter bus voltage controller provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system 100 includes a solar photovoltaic array 102 , an inverter 120 , an energy storage battery 108 , a load 110 , and an electricity meter 112 .
  • the solar photovoltaic array 102 is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic modules in series and parallel. Each photovoltaic module converts solar radiation energy into direct current according to the photovoltaic power generation effect.
  • Inverter 120 includes DC/DC converter 104 and DC/AC converter 106 .
  • the DC/DC converter 104 is located on the BST side of the inverter 120, that is, corresponding to the DC-DC conversion part of the inverter 120
  • the DC/AC converter 106 is located on the INV side of the inverter 120, that is, corresponding to The DC-AC conversion part of the inverter 120 . It should be understood that the DC/DC converter 104 and the DC/AC converter 106 may be integrated into one device, or may be divided into multiple devices.
  • the inverter may be a device that internally includes at least one DC/DC converter and at least one DC/AC converter, or it may be For multiple devices, the DC/DC converter is one device, the DC/AC converter is another device, and at least one DC/DC converter and at least one DC/AC converter together form an inverter.
  • the specific embodiment of the present application is that the inverter is composed of a DC/DC converter plus a DC/AC converter. These can be adjusted and improved according to the actual situation, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the DC/DC converter 104 can fully function as a photovoltaic power optimizer, as an independent optimizer product, connected between photovoltaic direct current sources (including photovoltaic direct current sources such as photovoltaic panels and photovoltaic arrays) and inverter between the devices.
  • photovoltaic direct current sources including photovoltaic direct current sources such as photovoltaic panels and photovoltaic arrays
  • the DC input side of the DC/DC converter 104 is connected to the solar photovoltaic array 102 , and converts the direct current output from the solar photovoltaic array 102 into a suitable direct current to meet the working requirements of the DC/AC converter 106 .
  • the maximum power point tracking MPPT control strategy is implemented to obtain the photovoltaic maximum power of the solar photovoltaic array 102 , and then output from the DC output side of the DC/DC converter 104 .
  • the DC output side of the DC/DC converter 104 is connected to the DC input side of the DC/AC converter 106 .
  • the DC/AC converter 106 converts the received DC power into AC power and outputs it from the AC output side of the DC/AC converter 106 .
  • the coupling point between the DC output side of the DC/DC converter 104 and the DC input side of the DC/AC converter 106 is a bus bar (hereinafter referred to as BUS).
  • BUS bus bar
  • the energy storage battery 108 can be connected to the bus of the inverter 120 , that is, the energy storage battery 108 can be connected between the DC/DC converter 104 and the DC/AC converter 106 .
  • the inverter 120 outputs the electric energy to the load 110 , and is connected to the AC power grid 114 after passing through the electric meter 112 .
  • the load 110 may be powered by the inverter 120 , may also be powered by the AC grid 114 , or may be powered by the inverter 120 and the AC grid 114 at the same time.
  • the electricity meter 112 is used to detect the power obtained from the AC power grid 114.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system 100 is configured to be connected to the grid with zero power, it means that the photovoltaic power generation system 100 will not feed back power to the AC power grid 114, and the reading of the power meter 112 is greater than or equal to zero.
  • the DC/DC converter 104 the DC/AC converter 106 and the energy storage battery 108 are coupled and connected to the bus bar of the inverter 120 .
  • the DC bus refers to the positive and negative connections between the DC/DC converter 104 and the DC/AC converter 106
  • the DC bus capacitor refers to the capacitor located between the DC bus
  • the DC bus voltage refers to the It is the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus, that is, the voltage applied across the DC bus capacitor.
  • the connection lines shown in FIG. 1 are used to indicate the flow of electric energy, and the descriptions of each mark are as follows:
  • P PV represents the photovoltaic output power, that is, the actual output power of the solar photovoltaic array 102 .
  • P PV_MPP (not shown) represents the photovoltaic maximum power, that is, the maximum power that the solar photovoltaic array 102 can output under the MPPT control strategy, that is, the MPPT-based photovoltaic maximum power obtained by the DC/DC converter 104 .
  • P BAT represents the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery 108 , which can be expressed uniformly by a value with a positive and negative sign, wherein the positive value represents charging and the negative value represents discharging.
  • PINV represents the output power of the inverter 120 , which is also the power of the AC output provided by the DC/AC converter 106 .
  • P LOAD represents the load power of the load 110 .
  • P Meter means that the power meter 112 detects the power obtained from the AC power grid, which can be expressed uniformly by a value with a positive and negative sign, wherein positive means taking power from the AC power grid and negative means feeding power to the AC power grid.
  • Inverter 120 receives photovoltaic output power P PV from solar photovoltaic array 102 and outputs power P INV .
  • the meter power P Meter is greater than or equal to 0, and no electricity is fed to the grid.
  • the inverter 120 also includes a bus voltage controller 122 for implementing a loop competition strategy.
  • the bus voltage controller 122 may be provided in the inverter 120 or may be provided separately.
  • the bus voltage controller 122 is connected in communication with the energy storage battery 108 to control the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery 108, and also has the necessary hardware structure to obtain the bus voltage sampling value.
  • bus voltage controller 122 has the basic structure of a processor and memory to perform the required detection and control functions, as well as to store program codes for loop contention strategies, or to have the circuitry and circuitry required to implement the control functions. element.
  • the specific structure and function of the bus voltage controller 122 can be set or improved according to specific application scenarios, which are not specifically limited herein.
  • the inverter 120 needs to control the storage based on the power data of the electric meter 112. The charge and discharge power of the battery 108 can be used to match these changes.
  • the inverter 120 also includes a bus voltage controller 122 for performing MPPT of the solar photovoltaic array to obtain the photovoltaic maximum input power P PV_MPP and output power P INV .
  • the bus voltage controller 122 is also communicatively connected to the energy storage battery 108 to control the charging and discharging power P BAT of the energy storage battery 108 .
  • the bus voltage controller 122 obtains the bus voltage sampling value of the inverter 120, and implements a loop competition strategy, thereby determining the control right of the bus voltage, and performing energy management accordingly. It should be understood that the bus voltage controller 122 has a processor and memory architecture to perform the required detection and control functions, as well as to store program code for loop contention strategies, or has the circuits and components required to implement the control functions . The bus voltage controller 122 obtains the bus voltage sampling value and detects the output power P INV of the inverter 120 , which can be performed by appropriate technical means in the prior art, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the solar photovoltaic array 102 may be any DC source capable of obtaining maximum power according to the MPPT control strategy. These can be adjusted and improved according to specific application environments, which are not specifically limited here.
  • the DC/DC converter 104 achieves MPPT control of the DC input provided by the solar photovoltaic array 102 through a fixed voltage method, a disturbance observation method, or a conductance increment method to obtain maximum photovoltaic power.
  • the DC-DC converter 104 may adopt a pulse width modulation method, may include necessary elements such as a control chip, an inductor and a capacitor, and may be a boost, a buck, or a boost and a boost. These can be adjusted and improved according to specific application environments, which are not specifically limited here.
  • the DC/AC converter 106 may be a single-phase inverter, or a three-phase inverter, or may be other types of inverter circuits capable of converting direct current to alternating current. These can be adjusted and improved according to specific application environments, which are not specifically limited here.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling an inverter bus voltage in a first implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, the control method includes the following steps.
  • Step S200 Generate a BST side bus voltage loop control command according to the bus voltage sampling value of the inverter and the BST side bus voltage reference value, which is used to control the output power of the inverter so that the bus voltage is stable on the BST side Bus voltage reference.
  • the inverter includes a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter.
  • the DC input side of the DC/AC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic array, and the coupling point between the DC output side of the DC/AC converter and the DC input side of the DC/AC converter is a bus.
  • the DC input side of the DC/AC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic array, converts the direct current output from the solar photovoltaic array into a suitable direct current to meet the working requirements of the DC/AC converter, and performs maximum power point tracking for the direct current provided by the solar photovoltaic array.
  • the MPPT control strategy thus obtains the maximum photovoltaic power of the solar photovoltaic array.
  • the energy storage battery can be connected to the busbar of the inverter, that is, the energy storage battery can be connected between the DC/DC converter and the DC/AC converter.
  • the solar photovoltaic array can be any DC source that can obtain maximum power according to the MPPT control strategy. These can be adjusted and improved according to specific application environments, which are not specifically limited here.
  • the generation of the BST side bus voltage loop control command can be in the form of a proportional-integral controller (Proportional Integral Controller, PI), and according to the following formulas (1) and (2).
  • PI Proportional Integral Controller
  • t represents the time
  • U REF_BST represents the reference value of the bus voltage on the BST side
  • U BUS (t) represents the sampled value of the bus voltage
  • e(t) represents the difference between the reference value of the bus voltage on the BST side and the sampled value of the bus voltage
  • P BST ( t) represents the output power of the inverter under the BST side bus voltage loop control command so that the bus voltage is stabilized at the BST side bus voltage reference value U REF_BST
  • K p represents the proportional adjustment coefficient
  • K i represents the integral adjustment coefficient.
  • the stable bus voltage at the BST side bus voltage reference value means that the bus voltage fluctuation, jitter, ripple or multiple different voltage values are limited to a certain interval, wherein the upper limit of each interval or There is a measurable difference between the lower limit and the lower or upper limit of other intervals, so that each interval has clear definitions and boundaries.
  • the bus voltage can be sampled by directly detecting the voltage, measuring by a sampling resistor, or by other suitable technical means.
  • the bus voltage can be stabilized at the bus voltage reference value U REF_BST on the BST side, which is beneficial to improve the inverter conversion efficiency, reduce the inverter operating range, and further improve the inverter efficiency and system revenue.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the controller to be a PI controller, and other controllers may be used as required.
  • Step S202 Generate an INV side bus voltage loop control command according to the bus voltage sample value and the INV side bus voltage reference value, which is used to control the output power of the inverter so that the bus voltage is stable at the INV side Bus voltage reference.
  • the generation of the INV side bus voltage loop control command can be in the form of a PI controller, and according to the following formulas (3) and (4).
  • U REF_INV is the reference value of the bus voltage on the INV side
  • U BUS (t) is the sampled value of the bus voltage
  • e(t) is the difference between the reference value of the bus voltage on the INV side and the sampled value of the bus voltage
  • P INV ( t) represents the output power of the inverter under the INV side bus voltage loop control command so that the bus voltage is stabilized at the INV side bus voltage reference value U REF_INV
  • K p represents the proportional adjustment coefficient
  • K i represents the integral adjustment coefficient.
  • the bus voltage is stable at the INV side bus voltage reference value U REF_INV , which means that the jitter or ripple of the bus voltage is less than the threshold value, or that the average or effective value of the bus voltage is within a certain value. level remains constant.
  • the bus voltage can be sampled by directly detecting the voltage, measuring by a sampling resistor, or by other suitable technical means.
  • the bus voltage can be stabilized at the INV side bus voltage reference value U REF_INV , which is beneficial to improve the conversion efficiency of the inverter, reduce the working range of the inverter, and further improve the inverter efficiency and system revenue.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the controller to be a PI controller, and other controllers may be used as required.
  • Step S204 Generate an energy storage battery charging bus voltage loop control command according to the bus voltage sampling value and the energy storage battery charging bus voltage reference value, which is used to control the charging power of the energy storage battery so that the bus voltage is stable at The reference value of the charging busbar voltage of the energy storage battery.
  • the generation of the control command of the energy storage battery charging bus voltage loop can be in the form of a PI controller, and according to the following formulas (5) and (6).
  • t represents the time
  • U REF_CHARGE represents the reference value of the charging bus voltage of the energy storage battery
  • U BUS (t) represents the sampling value of the bus voltage
  • e(t) represents the difference between the reference value of the charging bus voltage of the energy storage battery and the sampling value of the bus voltage
  • P BAT_CHARGE (t) represents the charging power of the energy storage battery under the control command of the energy storage battery charging bus voltage loop, so that the bus voltage is stabilized at the energy storage battery charging bus voltage reference value U REF_CHARGE
  • K p represents the proportional adjustment coefficient
  • K i represents the integral adjustment coefficient.
  • the bus voltage is stable at the reference value U REF_CHARGE of the charging bus voltage of the energy storage battery, which means that the jitter or ripple of the bus voltage is less than the threshold value, or the average value or the effective value of the bus voltage. remain constant to a certain extent.
  • the bus voltage can be sampled by directly detecting the voltage, measuring by a sampling resistor, or by other suitable technical means.
  • the bus voltage can be stabilized at the reference value U REF_CHARGE of the charging bus voltage of the energy storage battery, which is beneficial to improve the conversion efficiency of the inverter, reduce the working range of the inverter, and further improve the efficiency of the inverter and the system revenue.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the controller to be a PI controller, and other controllers may be used as required.
  • Step S206 Generate an energy storage battery discharge bus voltage loop control command according to the bus voltage sample value and the energy storage battery discharge bus voltage reference value, which is used to control the discharge power of the energy storage battery so that the bus voltage is stable at The energy storage battery discharge bus voltage reference value.
  • the generation of the energy storage battery discharge bus voltage loop control command can be in the form of a PI controller, and according to the following formulas (7) and (8).
  • U REF_DISCHARGE represents the reference value of the discharge bus voltage of the energy storage battery
  • U BUS (t) represents the sampled value of the bus voltage
  • e(t) represents the difference between the reference value of the discharge bus voltage of the energy storage battery and the sampled value of the bus voltage
  • P BAT_DISCHARGE (t) represents the discharge power of the energy storage battery under the control command of the energy storage battery discharge bus voltage loop, so that the bus voltage is stabilized at the energy storage battery discharge bus voltage reference value U REF_DISCHARGE
  • K p represents the proportional adjustment coefficient
  • K i represents the integral adjustment coefficient.
  • the bus voltage is stable at the energy storage battery discharge bus voltage reference value U REF_DISCHARGE , which means that the jitter or ripple of the bus voltage is less than the threshold, or the average value or effective value of the bus voltage. remain constant to a certain extent.
  • the bus voltage can be sampled by directly detecting the voltage, by measuring by a sampling resistor, or by other suitable technical means.
  • the bus voltage can be stabilized at the energy storage battery discharge bus voltage reference value U REF_DISCHARGE , which is beneficial to improve the conversion efficiency of the inverter and reduce the working range of the inverter, thereby improving the efficiency of the inverter and improving the system revenue.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the controller to be a PI controller, and other controllers may be used as required.
  • Step S208 According to the comparison result between the maximum photovoltaic power, the load power, the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power of the energy storage battery, select and execute the BST side bus voltage loop control instruction, and the INV side bus voltage loop control instruction, the energy storage battery charging bus voltage loop control instruction or the energy storage battery discharging bus voltage loop control instruction.
  • the energy storage battery has a maximum charging power for indicating the maximum value of the charging power of the energy storage battery when the energy storage battery is in a charging state
  • the energy storage battery has a maximum discharging power for indicating when the energy storage battery is in the charging state.
  • the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power are preset, for example, according to the application scenario of the inverter, or according to the design limit of the energy storage battery or the factory setting.
  • the loop competition strategy in step S208 may be implemented by a controller or a control circuit of the inverter. The various loop control commands mentioned above can also be generated by the controller.
  • the control right of the bus voltage is determined by the result of the loop competition, and the corresponding energy management is carried out, for example, the output power of the inverter or the charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery are controlled according to the result of the loop competition, and considering the The factor of load power change caused by load sudden change, so fast power balance can be realized in the load sudden change scenario.
  • the loop competition strategy directly controls the relevant power and stabilizes the bus voltage to the reference voltage value through the loop competition result, which realizes the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery.
  • the fast response to power changes is beneficial to improve the conversion efficiency of the inverter, reduce the working range of the inverter, and then improve the efficiency of the inverter and improve the system revenue.
  • the loop competition strategy can be expressed as a series of judgments based on the maximum photovoltaic power, the load power, the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power to select the loop control command to be executed:
  • step S208 when the BST side bus voltage loop control instruction is selected to be executed, the energy storage battery is in a charging state and the charging power of the energy storage battery reaches the maximum charging power, and the photovoltaic output power is less than the maximum photovoltaic power, wherein , the photovoltaic output power is equal to the sum of the load power and the maximum charging power of the energy storage battery.
  • the photovoltaic output power is calculated according to the following formulas (9) and (10).
  • P LOAD represents the load power
  • P BAT_CHARGE_MAX represents the maximum charging power
  • P PV_MPP represents the maximum photovoltaic power
  • P PV represents the photovoltaic output power under the control command of the bus voltage loop on the BST side.
  • step S208 when the INV side bus voltage loop control instruction is selected to be executed, the energy storage battery is in a discharge state, the discharge power of the energy storage battery reaches the maximum discharge power, and the photovoltaic output power reaches the photovoltaic output power. Maximum power, the inverter obtains compensation power from the grid connected to the inverter, and the compensation power is equal to the load power minus the photovoltaic maximum power plus the discharge maximum power. Combined with step S202 and step S208, the compensation power is calculated according to the following formulas (11) and (12).
  • P Meter represents the compensation power
  • P LOAD represents the load power
  • P PV_MPP represents the maximum photovoltaic power
  • P PV represents the photovoltaic output power
  • P BAT_DISCHARGE_MAX represents the maximum discharge power.
  • step S208 when the energy storage battery charging bus voltage loop control command is selected to be executed, the energy storage battery is in a charging state, the charging power of the energy storage battery is less than the maximum charging power, and the photovoltaic output power reaches the required maximum power. the photovoltaic maximum power, and the charging power is equal to the photovoltaic maximum power minus the load power.
  • the charging power is calculated according to the following formulas (13) and (14).
  • P BAT_CHARGE represents the charging power
  • P PV represents the photovoltaic output power
  • P LOAD represents the load power
  • P PV_MPP represents the photovoltaic maximum power.
  • step S208 when the energy storage battery discharge bus voltage loop control command is selected to be executed, the energy storage battery is in a discharge state, the discharge power of the energy storage battery is greater than the maximum discharge power, and the photovoltaic output power reaches the required the maximum photovoltaic power, and the discharge power is equal to the maximum photovoltaic power minus the load power.
  • the discharge power is calculated according to the following formulas (15) and (16).
  • P BAT_DISCHARGE represents the discharge power
  • P PV represents the photovoltaic output power
  • P LOAD represents the load power
  • P PV_MPP represents the maximum photovoltaic power.
  • steps S200, S202, S204 and S206 may be adjusted or recombined with each other.
  • This embodiment of the present application does not limit the sequence of the four steps. Steps S200 to S206 may be performed synchronously, and may be rearranged and combined in any order.
  • the embodiment of the present application and FIG. 2 are only for the purpose of convenience of description, and step S200 to step S206 are introduced one by one.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of controlling the inverter bus voltage according to the method shown in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the Y-axis represents the charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery
  • the positive direction that is, the upper half of the Y-axis
  • the negative direction that is, the lower half of the Y-axis
  • the maximum charge and discharge power is The value is 3kW/-3kW.
  • the X-axis represents the corresponding bus voltage, as well as individual voltage references.
  • the reference value of the busbar voltage on the BST side is marked as F, corresponding to 430V, also called the first voltage interval;
  • the reference value of the charging busbar voltage of the energy storage battery is marked as C, corresponding to 410V, also called the second voltage interval;
  • the energy storage battery The discharge bus voltage reference value is marked as D, corresponding to 390V, also called the third voltage interval;
  • the INV side bus voltage reference value is marked as G, corresponding to 370V, also called the fourth voltage interval.
  • the voltage interval is simplified to a single voltage value, and the difference between each voltage value is 20V, so that each interval has a clear definition and limit.
  • the neutral voltage is marked as E, which corresponds to 400V. As shown in FIG.
  • the BST side bus voltage reference value is greater than the energy storage battery charging bus voltage reference value
  • the energy storage battery charging bus voltage reference value is greater than the energy storage battery discharging bus voltage reference value
  • the The energy storage battery discharge bus voltage reference value is greater than the INV side bus voltage reference value.
  • the maximum value of the charge and discharge power may be other values, such as 4kW/-4kW, or 5kW/-5kW. These can be adjusted and improved according to specific application environments, which are not specifically limited here.
  • the various voltage reference values may be other values. These can be adjusted and improved according to specific application environments, which are not specifically limited here.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling an inverter bus voltage in a second implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4 , the control method includes the following steps.
  • Step S400 Generate a BST side bus voltage loop control command according to the bus voltage sampling value of the inverter and the BST side bus voltage reference value, which is used to control the output power of the inverter so that the bus voltage is stable at the BST side bus voltage reference value.
  • the inverter includes a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter.
  • the DC input side of the DC/AC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic array, the coupling point between the DC output side of the DC/AC converter and the DC input side of the DC/AC converter is the bus, the bus voltage is referred to as the bus voltage, and the bus voltage is sampled The value is referred to as the bus voltage sampling value.
  • the DC input side of the DC/AC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic array, converts the direct current output from the solar photovoltaic array into a suitable direct current to meet the working requirements of the DC/AC converter, and performs maximum power point tracking for the direct current provided by the solar photovoltaic array.
  • the MPPT control strategy thus obtains the maximum photovoltaic power of the solar photovoltaic array.
  • the energy storage battery can be connected to the busbar of the inverter, that is, the energy storage battery can be connected between the DC/DC converter and the DC/AC converter.
  • the solar photovoltaic array can be any DC source that can obtain maximum power according to the MPPT control strategy.
  • step S200 For the generation of the BST side bus voltage loop control command, please refer to step S200, which will not be repeated here.
  • Step S402 Generate an INV side bus voltage loop control command according to the bus voltage sample value and the INV side bus voltage reference value, which is used to control the output power of the inverter so that the bus voltage is stable at the INV side Bus voltage reference.
  • step S202 for the generation of the bus voltage loop control command on the INV side, which will not be repeated here.
  • Step S404 Generate an energy storage battery charging and discharging bus voltage loop control command according to the bus voltage sampling value and the energy storage battery charging and discharging bus voltage reference value, which is used to control the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery to make the bus The voltage is stabilized at the reference value of the charging and discharging busbar voltage of the energy storage battery.
  • the generation of the voltage loop control command of the charging and discharging busbar of the energy storage battery can be in the form of a PI controller, and according to the following formulas (17) and (18).
  • U REF_BAT represents the reference value of the charging and discharging busbar voltage of the energy storage battery or the reference value of the busbar voltage on the energy storage battery side
  • U BUS (t) represents the sampling value of the bus voltage
  • e(t) represents the charging and discharging value of the energy storage battery.
  • the difference between the discharge bus voltage reference value and the bus voltage sampling value, P BAT (t) represents the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery under the control command of the charging and discharging bus voltage loop of the energy storage battery, so that the bus voltage is stable at the
  • K p represents the proportional adjustment coefficient
  • K i represents the integral adjustment coefficient.
  • the bus voltage is stable at the reference value U REF_BAT of the charging and discharging bus voltage of the energy storage battery, which means that the jitter or ripple of the bus voltage is less than the threshold value, or the average value or effective value of the bus voltage. The value remains constant to some extent.
  • the bus voltage can be sampled by directly detecting the voltage, measuring by a sampling resistor, or by other suitable technical means.
  • the bus voltage can be stabilized at the reference value U REF_BAT for the charging and discharging bus voltage of the energy storage battery, which is beneficial to improve the conversion efficiency of the inverter, reduce the working range of the inverter, and further improve the efficiency and efficiency of the inverter. Improve system profitability.
  • controller does not limit the controller to be a PI controller, and other controllers may be used as required. It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the controller to be a PI controller, and other controllers may be used as required.
  • Step S406 According to the comparison result between the maximum photovoltaic power, the load power, the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power of the energy storage battery, select and execute the BST side bus voltage loop control instruction, and the INV side bus voltage loop control instruction or the charging and discharging bus voltage loop control instruction of the energy storage battery.
  • the energy storage battery has a maximum charging power for indicating the maximum value of the charging power of the energy storage battery when the energy storage battery is in a charging state
  • the energy storage battery has a maximum discharging power for indicating when the energy storage battery is in the charging state.
  • the charging maximum power and the discharging maximum power are preset, for example, according to the application scenario of the inverter, or according to the design limit of the energy storage battery or the factory setting.
  • the loop competition strategy in step S406 may be implemented by a controller or a control circuit of the inverter. The various loop control commands mentioned above can also be generated by the controller.
  • the control right of the bus voltage is determined by the result of the loop competition, and the corresponding energy management is carried out, for example, the output power of the inverter or the charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery are controlled according to the result of the loop competition, and considering the The factor of load power change caused by load sudden change, so fast power balance can be realized in the load sudden change scenario.
  • the loop competition strategy directly controls the relevant power and stabilizes the bus voltage near the reference voltage value through the loop competition result, which realizes the charging of the energy storage battery.
  • the rapid response to the change of the discharge power is beneficial to improve the conversion efficiency of the inverter, reduce the working range of the inverter, thereby improving the efficiency of the inverter and improving the system revenue.
  • step S406 the loop competition strategy can be expressed as a series of judgments based on photovoltaic maximum power, load power, charging maximum power and discharging maximum power to select the loop control command to be executed:
  • the energy storage battery charging and discharging bus voltage loop control command is selected to be executed.
  • step S406 when the BST side bus voltage loop control instruction is selected to be executed, the relevant details are similar to those in step S208, and will not be repeated here.
  • step S406 when the INV side busbar voltage loop control command is selected to be executed, the relevant details are similar to those in step S208, and will not be repeated here.
  • step S406 when the energy storage battery charging and discharging bus voltage loop control instruction is selected to be executed, the DC source provides the photovoltaic maximum power, and the photovoltaic maximum power minus the load power is less than the charging power of the energy storage battery maximum power, and is greater than the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery.
  • the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery is the actual output power of the DC source, that is, between the photovoltaic output power and the load power, and is charged or discharged according to the actual situation.
  • the bus voltage Under the control command of the energy storage battery charging and discharging bus voltage loop, the bus voltage is stabilized at the energy storage battery charging and discharging bus voltage reference value U REF_BAT , and the DC source works at the maximum photovoltaic power.
  • steps S400, S402 and S404 may be adjusted or recombined with each other.
  • This embodiment of the present application does not limit the sequence of the three steps. Steps S400 to S404 may be performed synchronously, and may be rearranged and combined in any order.
  • the embodiment of the present application and FIG. 4 are only for the purpose of convenience of description, and step S400 to step S404 are introduced one by one.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of controlling the inverter bus voltage according to the method shown in FIG. 4 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the Y-axis represents the charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery
  • the positive direction that is, the upper half of the Y-axis
  • the negative direction that is, the lower half of the Y-axis
  • the maximum charge and discharge power is The value is 3kW/-3kW.
  • the X-axis represents the corresponding bus voltages, and the respective voltage references according to the first configuration.
  • the reference value of the busbar voltage on the BST side is marked as F, corresponding to 430V, also called the fifth voltage interval;
  • the reference value of the voltage on the energy storage battery side is marked as E, corresponding to 400V, also called the sixth voltage interval;
  • the busbar voltage on the INV side is marked as the sixth voltage interval;
  • the reference value is marked G, corresponding to 370V, also known as the seventh voltage interval.
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 5 shows that the BST side bus voltage reference value is greater than the energy storage battery side voltage reference value, and the energy storage battery side voltage reference value is greater than the INV side bus voltage reference value. In this way, in conjunction with FIG. 4 and FIG.
  • the maximum value of the charge and discharge power may be other values, such as 4kW/-4kW or 5kW/-5kW. These can be adjusted and improved according to specific application environments, which are not specifically limited here.
  • the various voltage reference values may be other values. These can be adjusted and improved according to specific application environments, which are not specifically limited here.
  • the specific embodiments provided herein may be implemented in any one or combination of hardware, software, firmware or solid state logic circuits, and may be implemented in conjunction with signal processing, control and/or special purpose circuits.
  • the apparatus or apparatus provided by the specific embodiments of the present application may include one or more processors (eg, microprocessor, controller, digital signal processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) ), etc.), these processors process various computer-executable instructions to control the operation of a device or apparatus.
  • the device or apparatus provided by the specific embodiments of the present application may include a system bus or a data transmission system that couples various components together.
  • a system bus may include any one or a combination of different bus structures, such as a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, a universal serial bus, and/or processing utilizing any of a variety of bus architectures device or local bus.
  • the equipment or apparatus provided by the specific embodiments of the present application may be provided independently, may be a part of a system, or may be a part of other equipment or apparatus.
  • Embodiments provided herein may include or be combined with computer-readable storage media, such as one or more storage devices capable of providing non-transitory data storage.
  • the computer-readable storage medium/storage device may be configured to hold data, programmers and/or instructions that, when executed by the processors of the apparatuses or apparatuses provided by the specific embodiments of the present application, cause these apparatuses Or the device realizes the relevant operation.
  • Computer-readable storage media/storage devices may include one or more of the following characteristics: volatile, non-volatile, dynamic, static, read/write, read-only, random access, sequential access, location addressability, File addressability and content addressability.
  • the computer-readable storage medium/storage device may be integrated into the device or apparatus provided by the specific embodiments of the present application or belong to a public system.
  • Computer readable storage media/storage devices may include optical storage devices, semiconductor storage devices and/or magnetic storage devices, etc., and may also include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read only memory (ROM), erasable and programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), Registers, Hard Disk, Removable Disk, Recordable and/or Rewritable Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), Mass storage media device or any other form of suitable storage media.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • EPROM erasable and programmable Read Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
  • CD Compact Disc
  • DVD Digital Versatile Disc
  • Mass storage media device or any other form of suitable storage media.

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  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

一种光伏系统（100）的母线电压控制方法。光伏系统（100）包括DC/DC变换器（104）和DC/AC变换器（106）。DC/DC变换器（104）、DC/AC变换器（106）以及储能电池（108）通过母线连接。DC/DC变换器（104）与光伏直流源连接且对来自光伏直流源的输入功率进行最大功率跟踪。与DC/AC变换器（106）连接的负载（110）具有负载功率。储能电池（108）具有充电最大功率和放电最大功率。所述方法包括：根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间。所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间对应所述逆变器（120）的不同工作状态。

Description

光伏系统母线电压控制方法及装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电力电子技术，具体涉及光伏系统母线电压控制方法及装置。
背景技术
新能源技术比如光伏发电得到了快速发展。光伏发电指的是利用半导体材料的光伏效应将太阳光辐射能转换为电能，例如通过光伏组件在光照下产生直流电。光伏组件是光伏发电系统的核心部分，是将若干个单体太阳能电池以串并联的形式连接后封装成单个组件，用来将太阳能转化成电能。多个光伏组件以串并联的形式构成太阳能光伏阵列。
在光伏发电系统中，由太阳能光伏阵列向负载提供能量。受到光照和环境因素的影响，太阳能光伏阵列提供的能量是有起伏的，可以通过最大功率点跟踪(Maximum Power Point Tracking，MPPT)技术来追踪输出的电压电流从而获得光伏最大功率。另一方面，当太阳能光伏阵列提供的能量过剩时，可以将过剩能量存储起来或把过剩能量送入交流电网。当缺乏太阳能辐射或者太阳能光伏阵列提供的能量不够时，由储能设备向系统负载提供能量。因此光伏发电系统需要控制储能设备的充放电功率来匹配负载的变化。
现有技术中，根据母线电压计算储能设备的充放电功率，而且母线电压和充电功率之间，母线电压和放电功率之间均表现为线性关系。为了最大化充放电效率，受限于逆变器母线电容往往较大的事实，需要逐步调整母线电压到指定的范围，然而这样使得母线电压的调整范围较宽且动态响应较慢，从而导致逆变器转换效率不高，系统收益降低，也不利于快速调节母线电压以实现对充放电功率的控制来匹配负载的变化。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种光伏系统的母线电压控制方法，所述光伏系统包括DC/DC变换器和DC/AC变换器，其中，所述DC/DC变换器、所述DC/AC变换器以及储能电池通过母线连接，所述DC/DC变换器与光伏直流源连接且对来自所述光伏直流源的输入功率进行最大功率跟踪MPPT，与所述DC/AC变换器连接的负载具有负载功率，所述储能电池具有充电最大功率和放电最大功率。所述方法包括：根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间，其中，所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间对应所述逆变器的不同工作状态。如此，通过控制母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间从而实现逆变器工作状态的切换，有利于稳定性和灵活性，另外通过根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率来控制母线电压，实现了负载突变场景下的快速功率平衡，也实现了储能电池充放电功率变化的快速响应，从而有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光伏系统的母线电压控制方法，所述光伏系统包括DC/DC变换器和DC/AC变换器，其中，所述DC/DC变换器、所述DC/AC变换器以及储能电池通过母线连接，所述DC/DC变换器与光伏直流源连接且对来自所述光伏直流源的 输入功率进行最大功率跟踪MPPT，与所述DC/AC变换器连接的负载具有负载功率，所述储能电池具有充电最大功率和放电最大功率。所述方法包括：根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间，其中，所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间对应所述逆变器的不同工作状态。
第一方面所描述的技术方案，通过控制母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间从而实现逆变器工作状态的切换，有利于稳定性和灵活性，另外通过根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率来控制母线电压，实现了负载突变场景下的快速功率平衡，也实现了储能电池充放电功率变化的快速响应，从而有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述BST侧母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于充电状态且所述储能电池的充电功率达到所述充电最大功率，所述光伏直流源的光伏输出功率小于所述光伏最大功率，其中，所述光伏直流源的光伏输出功率等于所述负载功率和所述充电最大功率之和。
如此，实现了通过控制母线电压在特定电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第二电压区间，其中，所述第二电压区间对应储能电池充电母线电压参考值，其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于充电状态且所述储能电池的充电功率小于所述充电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，其中，所述储能电池的充电功率等于所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率。
如此，实现了通过控制母线电压在特定电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述INV侧母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于放电状态且所述储能电池的放电功率达到所述放电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所 述光伏最大功率，所述负载从交流电网获得补偿功率，所述补偿功率等于所述负载功率减去所述光伏最大功率再加上所述放电最大功率。
如此，实现了通过控制母线电压在特定电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第四电压区间，其中，所述第四电压区间对应储能电池放电母线电压参考值，其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于放电状态且所述储能电池的放电功率大于所述放电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述储能电池的放电功率等于所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率。
如此，实现了通过控制母线电压在特定电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第二电压区间，其中，所述第二电压区间对应储能电池充电母线电压参考值，当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第四电压区间，其中，所述第四电压区间对应储能电池放电母线电压参考值，其中，所述BST侧母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值大于所述INV侧母线电压参考值。
如此，实现了通过根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率控制母线电压在不同电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述逆变器的母线电压采样值和所述BST侧母线电压参考值生成BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值；根据所述母线电压采样值和所述INV侧母线电压参考值生成INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值；根据所述母线电压采样值和所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值生成储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的充电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值；根 据所述母线电压采样值和所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值生成储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的放电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值。
如此，实现了根据母线电压采样值和各电压参考值生成对应环路控制指令。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令以及所述储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令均采用PI控制器。
如此，通过PI控制器形式，有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，或者，当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第五电压区间，其中，所述第五电压区间对应储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率并且大于所述放电最大功率。
如此，实现了通过根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率控制母线电压在不同电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，或者，当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第五电压区间，其中，所述第五电压区间对应储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，其中，所述BST侧母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值大于所述INV侧母线电压参考值。
如此，实现了通过根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率控制母线电压在不同电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述逆变器的母线电压采样值和BST侧母线电压参考值生成BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值；根据所述母线电压采样值和INV侧母线电压参考值生成INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值；根据所述母线电压采样值和储能电池充放电母线电压参考值生成储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的充放电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值。
如此，实现了根据母线电压采样值和各电压参考值生成对应环路控制指令。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令和所述储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令均采用PI控制器。
如此，通过PI控制器形式，有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
根据第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率预先设定。
如此，通过预先设定最大充电功率和最大放电功率，实现了根据需要调节配置。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光伏系统。所述光伏系统包括：DC/DC变换器；DC/AC变换器，其中，所述DC/DC变换器、所述DC/AC变换器以及储能电池通过母线连接，所述DC/DC变换器与光伏直流源连接且对来自所述光伏直流源的输入功率进行最大功率跟踪MPPT，与所述DC/AC变换器连接的负载具有负载功率，所述储能电池具有充电最大功率和放电最大功率；和母线电压控制器。其中，所述母线电压控制器用于：根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间，其中，所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间对应所述逆变器的不同工作状态。
第二方面所描述的技术方案，通过控制母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间从而实现逆变器工作状态的切换，有利于稳定性和灵活性，另外通过根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率来控制母线电压，实现了负载突变场景下的快速功率平衡，也实现了储能电池充放电功率变化的快速响应，从而有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述BST侧母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于充电状态且所述储能电池的充电功率达到所述充电最大功率，所述光伏直流源的光伏输出功率小于所述光伏 最大功率，其中，所述光伏直流源的光伏输出功率等于所述负载功率和所述充电最大功率之和。
如此，实现了通过控制母线电压在特定电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第二电压区间，其中，所述第二电压区间对应储能电池充电母线电压参考值，其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于充电状态且所述储能电池的充电功率小于所述充电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，其中，所述储能电池的充电功率等于所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率。
如此，实现了通过控制母线电压在特定电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述INV侧母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于放电状态且所述储能电池的放电功率达到所述放电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述负载从交流电网获得补偿功率，所述补偿功率等于所述负载功率减去所述光伏最大功率再加上所述放电最大功率。
如此，实现了通过控制母线电压在特定电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第四电压区间，其中，所述第四电压区间对应储能电池放电母线电压参考值，其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于放电状态且所述储能电池的放电功率大于所述放电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述储能电池的放电功率等于所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率。
如此，实现了通过控制母线电压在特定电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，当所述光伏最大功率大于所 述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第二电压区间，其中，所述第二电压区间对应储能电池充电母线电压参考值，当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第四电压区间，其中，所述第四电压区间对应储能电池放电母线电压参考值，其中，所述BST侧母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值大于所述INV侧母线电压参考值。
如此，实现了通过根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率控制母线电压在不同电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述母线电压控制器还用于：根据所述逆变器的母线电压采样值和所述BST侧母线电压参考值生成BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值；根据所述母线电压采样值和所述INV侧母线电压参考值生成INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值；根据所述母线电压采样值和所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值生成储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的充电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值；根据所述母线电压采样值和所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值生成储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的放电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值。
如此，实现了根据母线电压采样值和各电压参考值生成对应环路控制指令。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令以及所述储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令均采用PI控制器。
如此，通过PI控制器形式，有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，或者，当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第五电压区间，其中，所述第五电压区间对应储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率并且大于所述放电最大功率。
如此，实现了通过根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率控制母线电压在不同电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，或者，当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第五电压区间，其中，所述第五电压区间对应储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，其中，所述BST侧母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值大于所述INV侧母线电压参考值。
如此，实现了通过根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率控制母线电压在不同电压区间从而切换逆变器到对应工作状态。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述母线电压控制器还用于：根据所述逆变器的母线电压采样值和BST侧母线电压参考值生成BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值；根据所述母线电压采样值和INV侧母线电压参考值生成INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值；根据所述母线电压采样值和储能电池充放电母线电压参考值生成储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的充放电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值。
如此，实现了根据母线电压采样值和各电压参考值生成对应环路控制指令。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令和所述储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令均采用PI控制器。
如此，通过PI控制器形式，有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
根据第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率预先设定。
如此，通过预先设定最大充电功率和最大放电功率，实现了根据需要调节配置。
附图说明
为了说明本申请实施例或背景技术中的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例或背景技术中所需要使用的附图进行说明。
图1是本申请实施例提供的包括逆变器母线电压控制器的光伏发电系统的结构框图。
图2是本申请实施例提供的第一种实现方式的逆变器母线电压控制方法的流程示意图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的根据图2所示的方法控制逆变器母线电压的示意图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的第二种实现方式的逆变器母线电压控制方法的流程示意图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的根据图4所示的方法控制逆变器母线电压的示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种光伏系统的母线电压控制方法，所述光伏系统包括DC/DC变换器和DC/AC变换器，其中，所述DC/DC变换器、所述DC/AC变换器以及储能电池通过母线连接，所述DC/DC变换器与光伏直流源连接且对来自所述光伏直流源的输入功率进行最大功率跟踪MPPT，与所述DC/AC变换器连接的负载具有负载功率，所述储能电池具有充电最大功率和放电最大功率。所述方法包括：根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间，其中，所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间对应所述逆变器的不同工作状态。如此，通过控制母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间从而实现逆变器工作状态的切换，有利于稳定性和灵活性，另外通过根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率来控制母线电压，实现了负载突变场景下的快速功率平衡，也实现了储能电池充放电功率变化的快速响应，从而有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
本申请实施例可用于以下应用场景，包括但不限于，光伏逆变器、光伏发电系统、以及其它需要实现负载功率快速平衡和储能电池快速响应的应用场景。
本申请实施例可以依据具体应用环境进行调整和改进，此处不做具体限定。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请的实施例进行描述。
请参阅图1，图1是本申请实施例提供的包括逆变器母线电压控制器的光伏发电系统的结构框图。如图1所示，光伏发电系统100包括太阳能光伏阵列102，逆变器120，储能电池108，负载110，电表112。其中，太阳能光伏阵列102由多个光伏组件串并联组成。每个光伏组件根据光伏发电效应将太阳光辐射能转换成直流电。逆变器120包括DC/DC变换器104和DC/AC变换器106。其中，DC/DC变换器104位于逆变器120的BST侧，也就是对应逆变器120的直流-直流变换部分，DC/AC变换器106而位于逆变器120的INV侧，也就是对应逆变器120的直流-交流变换部分。应当理解的是，DC/DC变换器104和DC/AC变换器106可以集成在一个设备中，也可以分为多个设备。本申请不限定DC/DC变换器和DC/AC变换器的具体物理形式，即逆变器可以是一个设备，内部包括至少一个DC/DC变换器和至少一个DC/AC变换器，也可以是多个设备，DC/DC变换器是一个设备，DC/AC变换器是另外一个设备，至少一个DC/DC变换器和至少一个DC/AC变换器共同组 成逆变器。本申请的具体实施例是以逆变器由DC/DC变换器加DC/AC变换器组成。这些可以根据实际情况进行调整和改进，本申请对此不作具体限定。在一些实施例中，DC/DC变换器104完全可以作为光伏功率优化器，作为一个独立的优化器产品，连接在光伏直流源(包括光伏板和光伏阵列之类的光伏直流源)和逆变器之间。
DC/DC变换器104的直流输入侧连接太阳能光伏阵列102，将太阳能光伏阵列102输出的直流电转换成合适的直流电以便满足DC/AC变换器106的工作要求，同时针对太阳能光伏阵列102提供的直流电执行最大功率点跟踪MPPT控制策略从而获得太阳能光伏阵列102的光伏最大功率，然后从DC/DC变换器104的直流输出侧输出。DC/DC变换器104的直流输出侧连接DC/AC变换器106的直流输入侧，DC/AC变换器106将接收的直流电转换成交流电后从DC/AC变换器106的交流输出侧输出。DC/DC变换器104的直流输出侧和DC/AC变换器106的直流输入侧之间的耦合点为母线(以下简称BUS)。储能电池108作为外部的储能设备，可以接入逆变器120的母线，也就是储能电池108可以接入DC/DC变换器104和DC/AC变换器106之间。逆变器120输出电能到负载110，通过电表112后接入交流电网114。负载110可以由逆变器120来供电，也可以由交流电网114来供电，还可以同时由逆变器120和交流电网114来供电。电表112用于检测从交流电网114获取的功率，当光伏发电系统100配置为零功率并网时，表示光伏发电系统100不会反馈功率给交流电网114，电表112读数大于等于零。
请继续参阅图1，DC/DC变换器104，DC/AC变换器106以及储能电池108耦合连接于逆变器120的母线。应当理解的是，直流母线指的是DC/DC变换器104和DC/AC变换器106之间的正极、负极接线，而直流母线电容指的是位于直流母线之间的电容，直流母线电压指的是直流母线的正极、负极接线之间的电压，也就是施加在直流母线电容两端的电压。图1所示的连线用于表示电能的流向，其中各标记的说明如下：P PV表示光伏输出功率，也即太阳能光伏阵列102的实际输出功率。P PV_MPP(未示出)表示光伏最大功率，也即太阳能光伏阵列102在MPPT控制策略下能够输出的最大功率，也就是DC/DC变换器104获得的基于MPPT的光伏最大功率。P BAT表示储能电池108的充放电功率，可以用带正负符号的数值来统一表示，其中正表示充电而负表示放电。P INV表示逆变器120的输出功率，也是DC/AC变换器106提供的交流输出的功率。P LOAD表示负载110的负载功率。P Meter表示电表112检测从交流电网获取的功率，可以用带正负符号的数值来统一表示，其中正表示从交流电网取电而负表示向交流电网馈电。逆变器120从太阳能光伏阵列102接收光伏输出功率P PV，并输出功率P INV。当光伏发电系统100配置为零功率并网时，电表功率P Meter大于等于0，不向电网馈电。根据光伏最大功率P PV_MPP，负载功率P LOAD，储能电池108的充电最大功率和放电最大功率之间的比较结果，可以进行环路竞争策略来实现功率匹配。逆变器120还包括母线电压控制器122用来实现环路竞争策略。母线电压控制器122可以设置在逆变器120中也可以是单独设置。母线电压控制器122与储能电池108通信地连接从而控制储能电池108的充放电功率，还具备必需硬件结构来获取母线电压采样值。应当理解的是，母线电压控制器122具有处理器和存储器的基本结构来完成所需的检测和控制功能，以及存储用于环路竞争策略的程序代码，或者具有实现控制功能所需的电 路和元件。母线电压控制器122的具体结构和功能可以根据具体应用场景设定或改进，在此不做具体限定。
请继续参阅图1，负载的变化会引起负载功率P LOAD的变化，而太阳光照等条件的变化也会引起光伏输出功率P PV的变化，因此需要逆变器120基于电表112的功率数据控制储能电池108的充放电功率来匹配这些变化。逆变器120还包括母线电压控制器122用于执行太阳能光伏阵列的MPPT以获得光伏最大输入功率P PV_MPP并输出功率P INV。母线电压控制器122还与储能电池108通信地连接从而控制储能电池108的充放电功率P BAT。母线电压控制器122获取逆变器120的母线电压采样值，并进行环路竞争策略，从而决定母线电压的控制权，并据此进行能量管理。应当理解的是，母线电压控制器122具有处理器和存储器的架构来完成所需的检测和控制功能，以及存储用于环路竞争策略的程序代码，或者具有实现控制功能所需的电路和元件。母线电压控制器122获取母线电压采样值以及检测逆变器120的输出功率P INV，可以通过现有技术中合适的技术手段，在此不做具体限定。
在一些示例性实施例中，太阳能光伏阵列102可以是任何能根据MPPT控制策略来获得最大功率的直流源。这些可以根据具体应用环境进行调整和改进，此处不做具体限定。
在一些示例性实施例中，DC/DC变换器104通过固定电压法，扰动观察法或是电导增量法实现对太阳能光伏阵列102提供的直流输入的MPPT控制从而获得光伏最大功率。在一些示例性实施例中，DC-DC变换器104可以通过脉宽调制方式，可以包括控制芯片和电感电容器等必要元件，可以为升压性、降压型或者升降压型。这些可以根据具体应用环境进行调整和改进，此处不做具体限定。
在一些示例性实施例中，DC/AC变换器106可以是单相逆变器，或者三相逆变器，或者可以是其它类型的能实现直流电到交流电转换的逆变电路。这些可以根据具体应用环境进行调整和改进，此处不做具体限定。
请参阅图2，图2是本申请实施例提供的第一种实现方式的逆变器母线电压控制方法的流程示意图。如图2所示，该控制方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S200：根据逆变器的母线电压采样值和BST侧母线电压参考值生成BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值。
其中，所述逆变器包括DC/DC变换器和DC/AC变换器。DC/AC变换器的直流输入侧连接太阳能光伏阵列，DC/AC变换器的直流输出侧和DC/AC变换器的直流输入侧之间的耦合点为母线。DC/AC变换器的直流输入侧连接太阳能光伏阵列，将太阳能光伏阵列输出的直流电转换成合适的直流电以便满足DC/AC变换器的工作要求，同时针对太阳能光伏阵列提供的直流电执行最大功率点跟踪MPPT控制策略从而获得太阳能光伏阵列的光伏最大功率。储能电池作为外部的储能设备，可以接入逆变器的母线，也就是储能电池可以接入DC/DC变换器和DC/AC变换器之间。应当理解的是，太阳能光伏阵列可以是任何能根据MPPT控制策略来获得最大功率的直流源。这些可以根据具体应用环境进行调整和改进，此处不做具体限定。
BST侧母线电压环路控制指令的生成可以采用比例-积分控制器(Proportional Integral Controller，PI)的形式，并按照如下公式(1)和(2)。
Figure PCTCN2020124781-appb-000001
e(t)＝U REF_BST-U BUS(t)         (2)
其中，t表示时间，U REF_BST表示BST侧母线电压参考值，U BUS(t)表示母线电压采样值，e(t)表示BST侧母线电压参考值和母线电压采样值的差值，P BST(t)表示BST侧母线电压环路控制指令下的逆变器的输出功率从而使得母线电压稳定在BST侧母线电压参考值U REF_BST，K p表示比例调节系数，K i表示积分调节系数。应当理解的是，母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值，指的是母线电压波动，抖动，纹波或是多段不同的电压值限定在一定区间内，其中，每个区间的上限或者下限与其他区间的下限或者上限存在可测量的差值，使得各个区间有明确的定义和界限。其中，对母线电压进行采样可以通过直接检测电压，通过采样电阻测量，或者通过其它合适的技术手段。并且，通过PI控制器，可以使得母线电压稳定在BST侧母线电压参考值U REF_BST，有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。应当理解的是，本申请实施例不限定控制器必须为PI控制器，可以根据需要采用其它控制器。
步骤S202：根据所述母线电压采样值和INV侧母线电压参考值生成INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值。
其中，INV侧母线电压环路控制指令的生成可以采用PI控制器的形式，并按照如下公式(3)和(4)。
Figure PCTCN2020124781-appb-000002
e(t)＝U REF_INV-U BUS(t)         (4)
其中，t表示时间，U REF_INV表示INV侧母线电压参考值，U BUS(t)表示母线电压采样值，e(t)表示INV侧母线电压参考值和母线电压采样值的差值，P INV(t)表示INV侧母线电压环路控制指令下的逆变器的输出功率从而使得母线电压稳定在INV侧母线电压参考值U REF_INV，K p表示比例调节系数，K i表示积分调节系数。应当理解的是，所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值U REF_INV，指的是母线电压的抖动或是纹波小于阈值，或者指的是母线电压的平均值或有效值在一定程度上保持恒定。其中，对母线电压进行采样可以通过直接检测电压，通过采样电阻测量，或者通过其它合适的技术手段。并且，通过PI控制器，可以使得母线电压稳定在INV侧母线电压参考值U REF_INV，有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。应当理解的是，本申请实施例不限定控制器必须为PI控制器，可以根据需要采用其它控制器。
步骤S204：根据所述母线电压采样值和储能电池充电母线电压参考值生成储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的充电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值。
其中，储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令的生成可以采用PI控制器的形式，并按照如下公式(5)和(6)。
Figure PCTCN2020124781-appb-000003
e(t)＝U REF_CHARGE-U BUS(t)                 (6)
其中，t表示时间，U REF_CHARGE表示储能电池充电母线电压参考值，U BUS(t)表示母线电压采样值，e(t)表示储能电池充电母线电压参考值和母线电压采样值的差值，P BAT_CHARGE(t)表示储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令下的储能电池的充电功率从而使得母线电压稳定在储能电池充电母线电压参考值U REF_CHARGE，K p表示比例调节系数，K i表示积分调节系数。应当理解的是，所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值U REF_CHARGE，指的是母线电压的抖动或是纹波小于阈值，或者指的是母线电压的平均值或有效值在一定程度上保持恒定。其中，对母线电压进行采样可以通过直接检测电压，通过采样电阻测量，或者通过其它合适的技术手段。并且，通过PI控制器，可以使得母线电压稳定在储能电池充电母线电压参考值U REF_CHARGE，有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。应当理解的是，本申请实施例不限定控制器必须为PI控制器，可以根据需要采用其它控制器。
步骤S206：根据所述母线电压采样值和储能电池放电母线电压参考值生成储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的放电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值。
其中，储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令的生成可以采用PI控制器的形式，并按照如下公式(7)和(8)。
Figure PCTCN2020124781-appb-000004
e(t)＝U REF_DISCHARGE-U BUS(t)       (8)
其中，t表示时间，U REF_DISCHARGE表示储能电池放电母线电压参考值，U BUS(t)表示母线电压采样值，e(t)表示储能电池放电母线电压参考值和母线电压采样值的差值，P BAT_DISCHARGE(t)表示储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令下的储能电池的放电功率从而使得母线电压稳定在储能电池放电母线电压参考值U REF_DISCHARGE，K p表示比例调节系数，K i表示积分调节系数。应当理解的是，所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值U REF_DISCHARGE，指的是母线电压的抖动或是纹波小于阈值，或者指的是母线电压的平均值或有效值在一定程度上保持恒定。其中，对母线电压进行采样可以通过直接检测电压， 通过采样电阻测量，或者通过其它合适的技术手段。并且，通过PI控制器，可以使得母线电压稳定在储能电池放电母线电压参考值U REF_DISCHARGE，有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。应当理解的是，本申请实施例不限定控制器必须为PI控制器，可以根据需要采用其它控制器。
步骤S208：根据光伏最大功率，负载功率，储能电池的充电最大功率和放电最大功率之间的比较结果，选择执行所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令或者所述储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令。
其中，所述储能电池具有充电最大功率用于表示当所述储能电池处于充电状态时所述储能电池的充电功率的最大值，所述储能电池具有放电最大功率用于表示当所述储能电池处于放电状态时所述储能电池的放电功率的最大值。所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率预先设定，例如根据逆变器的应用场景预先设定，或者根据储能电池的设计极限或者出厂设置。步骤S208的环路竞争策略，可以通过逆变器的控制器或者控制电路来实现。前面提到的各个环路控制指令也可以通过该控制器生成。如此，通过环路竞争的结果来确定母线电压的控制权，以及实行相应的能量管理，例如根据环路竞争结果来控制逆变器的输出功率或者控制储能电池的充放电功率，并且考虑到了负载突变而引起的负载功率变化的因素，因此可以实现负载突变场景下的快速功率平衡。同时，相比于通过母线电压自身变化及受限于母线电容的响应速度，环路竞争策略因为通过环路竞争结果直接控制有关功率并稳定母线电压于参考电压值，实现了储能电池充放电功率变化的快速响应，从而有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
具体地，在步骤S208，环路竞争策略可以表示成根据光伏最大功率，负载功率，充电最大功率以及放电最大功率进行一系列的判断从而选择要执行的环路控制指令：
当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述储能电池的所述充电最大功率时，选择执行所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令；
当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述储能电池的所述充电最大功率时，选择执行所述储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令；
当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述储能电池的所述放电最大功率时，选择执行所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令；
当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述储能电池的所述放电最大功率时，选择执行所述储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令。
在步骤S208，当选择执行所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令时，所述储能电池处于充电状态且所述储能电池的充电功率达到充电最大功率，光伏输出功率小于光伏最大功率，其中，所述光伏输出功率等于所述负载功率和所述储能电池的充电最大功率之和。结合步骤S200和步骤S208，光伏输出功率按照如下公式(9)和(10)计算。
P PV＝P BAT_CHARGE_MAX+P LOAD   (9)
P PV<P PV_MPP             (10)
其中，P LOAD表示负载功率，P BAT_CHARGE_MAX表示充电最大功率，P PV_MPP表示光伏最大功率，P PV表示所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令下的光伏输出功率。如此，当光伏最大功率在满足负载供电和储能电池充电最大功率后仍有剩余，而系统要求零功率并网，即不允许多余能量馈入交流电网，此时直流源的输出功率可以小于光伏最大功率，而仅仅满足负载供电需要的负载功率和储能电池的充电最大功率，从而实现快速功率平衡及提高系统效率。
在步骤S208，当选择执行所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令时，所述储能电池处于放电状态且所述储能电池的放电功率达到所述放电最大功率，光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述逆变器从与所述逆变器相连的电网获得补偿功率，所述补偿功率等于所述负载功率减去所述光伏最大功率再加上所述放电最大功率。结合步骤S202和步骤S208，补偿功率按照如下公式(11)和(12)计算。
P Meter＝P LOAD-P PV+P BAT_DISCHARGE_MAX  (11)
P PV＝p PV_MPP          (12)
其中，P Meter表示补偿功率，P LOAD表示负载功率，P PV_MPP表示光伏最大功率，P PV表示光伏输出功率，P BAT_DISCHARGE_MAX表示放电最大功率。如此，当光伏最大功率减去储能电池放电最大功率之和仍不满足负载供电的需求，则补偿功率由交流电网来提供，此时直流源提供光伏最大功率和储能电池按照放电最大功率放电，并且从交流电网获得相应的补偿功率，从而满足负载供电需要的负载功率，可以实现快速功率平衡及提高系统效率。
在步骤S208，当选择执行所述储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令时，所述储能电池处于充电状态且所述储能电池的充电功率小于所述充电最大功率，光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述充电功率等于光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率。结合步骤S204和步骤S208，充电功率按照如下公式(13)和(14)计算。
P BAT_CHARGE＝P PV-P LOAD   (13)
P PV＝P PV_MPP        (14)
其中，P BAT_CHARGE表示充电功率，P PV表示光伏输出功率，P LOAD表示负载功率，P PV_MPP表示光伏最大功率。如此，当光伏最大功率在满足负载供电后，剩余功率给储能电池充电，此时通过控制储能电池的充电功率来优先满足负载供电需要的负载功率，可以实现快速功率平衡及提高系统效率。
在步骤S208，当选择执行所述储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令时，所述储能电池处于放电状态且所述储能电池的放电功率大于所述放电最大功率，光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述放电功率等于所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率。结合步骤S206和步骤S208，放电功率按照如下公式(15)和(16)计算。
P BAT_DISCHARGE＝P PV-P LOAD  (15)
P PV＝P PV_MPP        (16)
其中，P BAT_DISCHARGE表示放电功率，P PV表示光伏输出功率，P LOAD表示负载功率，P PV_MPP表示光伏最大功率。如此，当光伏最大功率无法满足负载供电，补偿功率由储能电池放电来提供，此时通过控制储能电池的放电功率优先满足负载供电需要的负载功率，可以实现快速功率平衡及提高系统效率。
应当理解的是，步骤S200、步骤S202、步骤S204以及步骤S206，彼此之间的先后次序可以调整或者重新组合。本申请实施例不限定这四个步骤之间的先后顺序，步骤S200至步骤S206可以同步进行，可以按任意次序重新排列组合。本申请实施例以及附图2仅仅只是出于方便说明的目的，而逐个介绍了步骤S200至步骤S206。
请参阅图3，图3是本申请实施例提供的根据图2所示的方法控制逆变器母线电压的示意图。如图3所示，Y轴表示储能电池的充放电功率，正向也就是Y轴上半部分表示充电功率，而负向也就是Y轴下半部分表示放电功率，并且充放电功率的最大值为3kW/-3kW。X轴表示对应的母线电压，以及各个电压参考值。具体地，BST侧母线电压参考值标记为F，对应430V，也称为第一电压区间；储能电池充电母线电压参考值标记为C，对应410V，也称为第二电压区间；储能电池放电母线电压参考值标记为D，对应390V，也称为第三电压区间；INV侧母线电压参考值标记为G，对应370V，也称为第四电压区间。其中，电压区间简化为单一电压值，各电压值之间相差20V，使得各个区间有明确的定义和界限。另外中位电压标记为E，对应400V。如图3所示，所述BST侧母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值大于所述INV侧母线电压参考值。如此，结合图2和图3，通过设定各个电压参考值的数值，可以得到图3所示的母线电压与充放电功率的对应关系。如此，在C和F之间，储能电池有稳定的充电功率，而在G和D之间则有稳定的放电功率，并且通过直接控制有关功率并稳定母线电压于参考电压值，实现了储能电池充放电功率变化的快速响应，从而有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
在一些示例性实施例中，充放电功率的最大值可以是其它数值，例如4kW/-4kW，或者是5kW/-5kW。这些可以根据具体应用环境进行调整和改进，此处不做具体限定。
在一些示例性实施例中，各个电压参考值可以是其它数值。这些可以根据具体应用环境进行调整和改进，此处不做具体限定。
图4是本申请实施例提供的第二种实现方式的逆变器母线电压控制方法的流程示意图。如图4所示，该控制方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S400：根据所述逆变器的母线电压采样值和BST侧母线电压参考值生成BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值。
其中，所述逆变器包括DC/DC变换器和DC/AC变换器。DC/AC变换器的直流输入侧连接太阳能光伏阵列，DC/AC变换器的直流输出侧和DC/AC变换器的直流输入侧之间的耦合点为母线，母线电压简称母线电压，母线电压采样值简称母线电压采样值。DC/AC变换器的直流输入侧连接太阳能光伏阵列，将太阳能光伏阵列输出的直流电转换成合适的直流电以便满足DC/AC变换器的工作要求，同时针对太阳能光伏阵列提供的直流电执行最大功率点跟踪MPPT控制策略从而获得太阳能光伏阵列的光伏最大功率。储能电池作为外部的储能设备，可以接入逆变器的母线，也就是储能电池可以接入DC/DC变换器和DC/AC变换器之间。应当理解的是，太阳能光伏阵列可以是任何能根据MPPT控制策略来获得最大功率的直流源。这些可以根据具体应用环境进行调整和改进，此处不做具体限定。
BST侧母线电压环路控制指令的生成请参考步骤S200，此处不再赘述。
步骤S402：根据所述母线电压采样值和INV侧母线电压参考值生成INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值。
其中，INV侧母线电压环路控制指令的生成请参考步骤S202，此处不再赘述。
步骤S404：根据所述母线电压采样值和储能电池充放电母线电压参考值生成储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的充放电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值。
其中，储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令的生成可以采用PI控制器的形式，并按照如下公式(17)和(18)。
Figure PCTCN2020124781-appb-000005
e(t)＝U REF_BAT-U BUS(t)      (18)
其中，t表示时间，U REF_BAT表示储能电池充放电母线电压参考值或者称作储能电池侧母线电压参考值，U BUS(t)表示母线电压采样值，e(t)表示储能电池充放电母线电压参考值和母线电压采样值的差值，P BAT(t)表示储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令下的储能电池的充放电功率从而使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值U REF_BAT，K p表示比例调节系数，K i表示积分调节系数。应当理解的是，所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值U REF_BAT，指的是母线电压的抖动或是纹波小于阈值，或者指的是母线电压的平均值或有效值在一定程度上保持恒定。其中，对母线电压进行采样可以通过直接检测电压，通过采样电阻测量，或者通过其它合适的技术手段。并且，通过PI控制器，可以使得母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值U REF_BAT，有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。应当理解的是，本申请实施例不限定控制器必须为PI控制器，可以根据需要采用其它控制 器。应当理解的是，本申请实施例不限定控制器必须为PI控制器，可以根据需要采用其它控制器。
步骤S406：根据光伏最大功率，负载功率，储能电池的充电最大功率和放电最大功率之间的比较结果，选择执行所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令或者所述储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令。
其中，所述储能电池具有充电最大功率用于表示当所述储能电池处于充电状态时所述储能电池的充电功率的最大值，所述储能电池具有放电最大功率用于表示当所述储能电池处于放电状态时所述储能电池的放电功率的最大值。所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率预先设定，例如根据逆变器的应用场景预先设定，或者根据储能电池的设计极限或者出厂设置。步骤S406的环路竞争策略，可以通过逆变器的控制器或者控制电路来实现。前面提到的各个环路控制指令也可以通过该控制器生成。如此，通过环路竞争的结果来确定母线电压的控制权，以及实行相应的能量管理，例如根据环路竞争结果来控制逆变器的输出功率或者控制储能电池的充放电功率，并且考虑到了负载突变而引起的负载功率变化的因素，因此可以实现负载突变场景下的快速功率平衡。同时，相比于通过母线电压自身变化及受限于母线电容的响应速度，环路竞争策略因为通过环路竞争结果直接控制有关功率并稳定母线电压于参考电压值附近，实现了储能电池充放电功率变化的快速响应，从而有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
具体地，在步骤S406，环路竞争策略可以表示成根据光伏最大功率，负载功率，充电最大功率以及放电最大功率进行一系列的判断从而选择要执行的环路控制指令：
当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率时且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述储能电池的充电最大功率时，选择执行所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令；
当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率时且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述储能电池的放电最大功率时，选择执行所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令；
当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去负载功率大于所述储能电池的放电最大功率时，或者，当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述储能电池的充电最大功率时，选择执行所述储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令。
在步骤S406，当选择执行所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令时，有关细节与步骤S208相似，在次不再赘述。在步骤S406，当选择执行所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令时，有关细节与步骤S208相似，在次不再赘述。
在步骤S406，当选择执行所述储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令时，直流源提供所述光伏最大功率，所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述储能电池的充电最大功率，并且大于所述储能电池的放电最大功率。结合步骤S404和步骤S406，储能电池的充放电功率为直流源的实际输出功率也就是光伏输出功率和负载功率之间，并根据实际情况为充电或者放电。在储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令下母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值U REF_BAT，而直流源工作于光伏最大功率。
应当理解的是，步骤S400、步骤S402以及步骤S404，彼此之间的先后次序可以调整或者重新组合。本申请实施例不限定这三个步骤之间的先后顺序，步骤S400至步骤S404 可以同步进行，可以按任意次序重新排列组合。本申请实施例以及附图4仅仅只是出于方便说明的目的，而逐个介绍了步骤S400至步骤S404。
图5是本申请实施例提供的根据图4所示的方法控制逆变器母线电压的示意图。如图5所示，Y轴表示储能电池的充放电功率，正向也就是Y轴上半部分表示充电功率，而负向也就是Y轴下半部分表示放电功率，并且充放电功率的最大值为3kW/-3kW。X轴表示对应的母线电压，以及根据第一种配置的各个电压参考值。具体地，BST侧母线电压参考值标记为F，对应430V，也称为第五电压区间；储能电池侧电压参考值标记为E，对应400V，也称为第六电压区间；INV侧母线电压参考值标记为G，对应370V，也称为第七电压区间。图5所示的配置表明，所述BST侧母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池侧电压参考值，所述储能电池侧电压参考值大于所述INV侧母线电压参考值。如此，结合图4和图5，通过设定各个电压参考值的数值，可以得到图5所示的母线电压与充放电功率的对应关系。并且通过直接控制有关功率并稳定母线电压于参考电压值附近，从而有利于提高逆变器转换效率，缩小逆变器工作范围，进而提高逆变器效率和提高系统收益。
在一些示例性实施例中，充放电功率的最大值可以是其它数值，例如4kW/-4kW或是5kW/-5kW。这些可以根据具体应用环境进行调整和改进，此处不做具体限定。
在一些示例性实施例中，各个电压参考值可以是其它数值。这些可以根据具体应用环境进行调整和改进，此处不做具体限定。
本申请提供的具体实施例可以用硬件，软件，固件或固态逻辑电路中的任何一种或组合来实现，并且可以结合信号处理，控制和/或专用电路来实现。本申请具体实施例提供的设备或装置可以包括一个或多个处理器(例如，微处理器，控制器，数字信号处理器(DSP)，专用集成电路(ASIC)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等)，这些处理器处理各种计算机可执行指令从而控制设备或装置的操作。本申请具体实施例提供的设备或装置可以包括将各个组件耦合在一起的系统总线或数据传输系统。系统总线可以包括不同总线结构中的任何一种或不同总线结构的组合，例如存储器总线或存储器控制器，外围总线，通用串行总线和/或利用多种总线体系结构中的任何一种的处理器或本地总线。本申请具体实施例提供的设备或装置可以是单独提供，也可以是系统的一部分，也可以是其它设备或装置的一部分。
本申请提供的具体实施例可以包括计算机可读存储介质或与计算机可读存储介质相结合，例如能够提供非暂时性数据存储的一个或多个存储设备。计算机可读存储介质/存储设备可以被配置为保存数据，程序器和/或指令，这些数据，程序器和/或指令在由本申请具体实施例提供的设备或装置的处理器执行时使这些设备或装置实现有关操作。计算机可读存储介质/存储设备可以包括以下一个或多个特征：易失性，非易失性，动态，静态，可读/写，只读，随机访问，顺序访问，位置可寻址性，文件可寻址性和内容可寻址性。在一个或多个示例性实施例中，计算机可读存储介质/存储设备可以被集成到本申请具体实施例提供的设备或装置中或属于公共系统。计算机可读存储介质/存储设备可以包括光存储设备，半导体存储设备和/或磁存储设备等等，也可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM)，闪存，只读存储器(ROM)，可擦可编程只读存储器(EPROM)，电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)， 寄存器，硬盘，可移动磁盘，可记录和/或可重写光盘(CD)，数字多功能光盘(DVD)，大容量存储介质设备或任何其他形式的合适存储介质。
以上是本申请实施例的实施方式，应当指出，本申请具体实施例描述的方法中的步骤可以根据实际需要进行顺序调整、合并和删减。在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详细描述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。可以理解的是，本申请实施例以及附图所示的结构并不构成对有关装置或系统的具体限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，有关装置或系统可以包括比具体实施例和附图更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者拆分某些部件，或者具有不同的部件布置。本领域技术人员将理解，在不脱离本申请具体实施例的精神和范围的情况下，可以对具体实施例记载的方法和设备的布置，操作和细节进行各种修改或变化；在不脱离本申请实施例原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种光伏系统的母线电压控制方法，所述光伏系统包括DC/DC变换器和DC/AC变换器，其中，所述DC/DC变换器、所述DC/AC变换器以及储能电池通过母线连接，所述DC/DC变换器与光伏直流源连接且对来自所述光伏直流源的输入功率进行最大功率跟踪MPPT，与所述DC/AC变换器连接的负载具有负载功率，所述储能电池具有充电最大功率和放电最大功率，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间，
    其中，所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间对应所述逆变器的不同工作状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，
    其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，
    其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述BST侧母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于充电状态且所述储能电池的充电功率达到所述充电最大功率，所述光伏直流源的光伏输出功率小于所述光伏最大功率，其中，所述光伏直流源的光伏输出功率等于所述负载功率和所述充电最大功率之和。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第二电压区间，
    其中，所述第二电压区间对应储能电池充电母线电压参考值，
    其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于充电状态且所述储能电池的充电功率小于所述充电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，其中，所述储能电池的充电功率等于所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，
    其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，
    其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述INV侧母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于放电状态且所述储能电池的放电功率达到所述放电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述负载从交流电网获得补偿功率，所述补偿功率等于所述负载功率减去所述光伏最大功率再加上所述放电最大功率。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第四电压区间，
    其中，所述第四电压区间对应储能电池放电母线电压参考值，
    其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于放电状态且所述储能电池的放电功率大于所述放电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述储能电池的放电功率等于所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，
    当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第二电压区间，其中，所述第二电压区间对应储能电池充电母线电压参考值，
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第四电压区间，其中，所述第四电压区间对应储能电池放电母线电压参考值，
    其中，所述BST侧母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值大于所述INV侧母线电压参考值。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    根据所述逆变器的母线电压采样值和所述BST侧母线电压参考值生成BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值；
    根据所述母线电压采样值和所述INV侧母线电压参考值生成INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值；
    根据所述母线电压采样值和所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值生成储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的充电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值；
    根据所述母线电压采样值和所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值生成储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的放电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令以及所述储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令均采用PI控制器。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，或者，当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第五电压区间，
    其中，所述第五电压区间对应储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，
    其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率并且大于所述放电最大功率。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，或者，当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第五电压区间，其中，所述第五电压区间对应储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，
    其中，所述BST侧母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值大于所述INV侧母线电压参考值。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    根据所述逆变器的母线电压采样值和BST侧母线电压参考值生成BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值；
    根据所述母线电压采样值和INV侧母线电压参考值生成INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值；
    根据所述母线电压采样值和储能电池充放电母线电压参考值生成储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的充放电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令和所述储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令均采用PI控制器。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率预先设定。
  14. 一种光伏系统，其特征在于，所述光伏系统包括：
    DC/DC变换器；
    DC/AC变换器，其中，所述DC/DC变换器、所述DC/AC变换器以及储能电池通过母线连接，所述DC/DC变换器与光伏直流源连接且对来自所述光伏直流源的输入功率进行最大功率跟踪MPPT，与所述DC/AC变换器连接的负载具有负载功率，所述储能电池具有充电最大功率和放电最大功率；和
    母线电压控制器，其中，所述母线电压控制器用于：
    根据光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在不相同不连续的多个电压区间，
    其中，所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间对应所述逆变器的不同工作状态。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，
    其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，
    其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述BST侧母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于充电状态且所述储能电池的充电功率达到所述充电最大功率，所述光伏直流源的光伏输出功率小于所述光伏最大功率，其中，所述光伏直流源的光伏输出功率等于所述负载功率和所述充电最大功率之和。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第二电压区间，
    其中，所述第二电压区间对应储能电池充电母线电压参考值，
    其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于充电状态且所述储能电池的充电功率小于所述充电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，其中，所述储能电池的充电功率等于所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，
    其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，
    其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述INV侧母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于放电状态且所述储能电池的放电功率达到所述放电最大功率，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述负载从交流电网获得补偿功率，所述补偿功率等于所述负载功率减去所述光伏最大功率再加上所述放电最大功率。
  18. 根据权利要求14所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第四电压区间，
    其中，所述第四电压区间对应储能电池放电母线电压参考值，
    其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述储能电池处于放电状态且所述储能电池的放电功率大于所述放电最大功率，所述光伏 直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述储能电池的放电功率等于所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率。
  19. 根据权利要求14所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，
    当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第二电压区间，其中，所述第二电压区间对应储能电池充电母线电压参考值，
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第四电压区间，其中，所述第四电压区间对应储能电池放电母线电压参考值，
    其中，所述BST侧母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值大于所述INV侧母线电压参考值。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，所述母线电压控制器还用于：
    根据所述逆变器的母线电压采样值和所述BST侧母线电压参考值生成BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值；
    根据所述母线电压采样值和所述INV侧母线电压参考值生成INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值；
    根据所述母线电压采样值和所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值生成储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的充电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充电母线电压参考值；
    根据所述母线电压采样值和所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值生成储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的放电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池放电母线电压参考值。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述储能电池充电母线电压环路控制指令以及所述储能电池放电母线电压环路控制指令均采用PI控制器。
  22. 根据权利要求14所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，或者，当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第五电压区间，
    其中，所述第五电压区间对应储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，
    其中，当所述逆变器的工作状态在与所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值对应的状态时，所述光伏直流源提供的光伏输出功率达到所述光伏最大功率，所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率并且大于所述放电最大功率。
  23. 根据权利要求14所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，根据所述光伏最大功率和所述负载功率之间比较的不同结果以及所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率，控制所述母线电压在所述不相同不连续的多个电压区间，包括：
    当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第一电压区间，其中，所述第一电压区间对应BST侧母线电压参考值，
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述放电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在在第三电压区间，其中，所述第三电压区间对应INV侧母线电压参考值，
    当所述光伏最大功率小于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率大于所述放电最大功率时，或者，当所述光伏最大功率大于所述负载功率且所述光伏最大功率减去所述负载功率小于所述充电最大功率时，控制所述母线电压工作在第五电压区间，其中，所述第五电压区间对应储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，
    其中，所述BST侧母线电压参考值大于所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值，所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值大于所述INV侧母线电压参考值。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，所述母线电压控制器还用于：
    根据所述逆变器的母线电压采样值和BST侧母线电压参考值生成BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述BST侧母线电压参考值；
    根据所述母线电压采样值和INV侧母线电压参考值生成INV侧母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述逆变器的输出功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述INV侧母线电压参考值；
    根据所述母线电压采样值和储能电池充放电母线电压参考值生成储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令，用于控制所述储能电池的充放电功率以使得所述母线电压稳定在所述储能电池充放电母线电压参考值。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，所述BST侧母线电压环路控制指令，所述INV侧母线电压环路控制指令和所述储能电池充放电母线电压环路控制指令均采用PI控制器。
  26. 根据权利要求14-25任一项所述的光伏系统，其特征在于，所述充电最大功率和所述放电最大功率预先设定。
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