WO2022083194A1 - 一种光学模组、背光控制方法和显示装置 - Google Patents

一种光学模组、背光控制方法和显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022083194A1
WO2022083194A1 PCT/CN2021/107649 CN2021107649W WO2022083194A1 WO 2022083194 A1 WO2022083194 A1 WO 2022083194A1 CN 2021107649 W CN2021107649 W CN 2021107649W WO 2022083194 A1 WO2022083194 A1 WO 2022083194A1
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Prior art keywords
polarized light
polarization state
region
polarization
light
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PCT/CN2021/107649
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张译文
赵晨项
刘康仲
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to JP2023524139A priority Critical patent/JP2023545572A/ja
Priority to EP21881614.8A priority patent/EP4220250A4/en
Publication of WO2022083194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022083194A1/zh
Priority to US18/302,930 priority patent/US20230258976A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G02F1/133507—Films for enhancing the luminance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/201—Filters in the form of arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13356—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements
    • G02F1/133567—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements on the back side
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133601—Illuminating devices for spatial active dimming
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/50—Phase-only modulation

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display, and in particular, to an optical module, a backlight control method and a display device.
  • the liquid crystal display device in order to control the deflection of the transmitted light through the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal panel, it is necessary to modulate the natural light generated by the backlight system to convert it into polarized light.
  • a polarizer is placed between the liquid crystal panel and the backlight module, so that the natural light of the backlight module is modulated into polarized light and then incident on the liquid crystal panel.
  • the polarizer absorbs anisotropically polarized light, at least 50% of the light source of the light emitted by the backlight system is lost, which reduces the efficiency of the backlight module.
  • the optical film material can transmit the light with the same polarization direction as the system, and the light with the same polarization direction as the system can transmit. The light will be reflected back into the backlight system. After multiple optical refraction and reflection, the overall efficiency of the backlight system can be improved.
  • the system efficiency improvement brought by such optical film materials will be affected by the system architecture, and the effective polarized light efficiency gain of the backlight system depends on the stacking structure of the backlight optical film materials, the material absorptivity and the efficiency of the reflective substrate. The range is between 20%-45%.
  • wire grid WGP Wireless Grid Polarizer
  • the manufacturing method of this structure is relatively complicated, and the display effect of the panel applying this technology is not good. So far, there is no commercialized mass production capability and method in the industry. Moreover, even if the technology overcomes the problem of mass production, it still has problems similar to the aforementioned multilayer film stacking design film, that is, the light reused through this structure must be returned to the backlight system, and the efficiency is affected by the design of the backlight system. , the improvement of efficiency is limited.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an optical module, a backlight control method, and a display device, which can improve the efficiency of the effective polarized light of the backlight module, and can realize local dimming of the liquid crystal display panel to improve the display effect.
  • an optical module including:
  • a polarizing film for converting incident light into first polarized light with a first polarization state and second polarized light with a second polarization state
  • phase retardation layer includes a control layer
  • control layer includes one or more control elements
  • the one or more control elements are used to control the phase retardation layer to convert the first polarized light and the second polarized light to include a third polarization state the third polarized light and the fourth polarized light including the fourth polarization state;
  • the first polarization state and the second polarization state are different.
  • the polarized light is actively controlled by the phase retardation layer in the optical module, so that the efficiency of the effective polarized light of the backlight module can be improved and the display effect of the liquid crystal panel can be improved. Further, since the efficiency of the effective polarized light of the backlight module is improved, the power consumption of the display device is also reduced.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a backlight control method, including:
  • the first polarized light and the second polarized light are incident on the phase retardation layer to obtain a third polarized light including a third polarization state and a fourth polarized light including a fourth polarization state;
  • the first polarization state and the second polarization state are different;
  • the phase retardation layer includes a control layer that includes one or more control elements for controlling the phase retardation layer to convert the first polarized light and the second polarized light into the third polarized light and the fourth polarized light Light.
  • the utility rate of the effective polarized light of the backlight module can be improved, and local dimming of the liquid crystal display panel can be realized to improve the display effect.
  • the polarizing film includes at least one first region and at least one second region alternately arranged:
  • the incident light is converted into a first polarized light with a first exit angle and a second polarized light with a second exit angle in the at least one first region;
  • the incident light is converted into first polarized light having a second exit angle and second polarized light having a first exit angle at the at least one second region.
  • the efficiency of the effective polarized light of the backlight module can be improved, the incident unpolarized light can be theoretically converted into polarized light, and the polarization direction and the exit angle of the outgoing light can be separated.
  • the first polarization state is left-handed polarization
  • the second polarization state is right-handed polarization
  • the first polarization state is right-handed polarization
  • the second polarization state is left-handed polarization.
  • the phase retardation layer includes at least one third region and at least one fourth region which are alternately arranged, and the first polarized light is converted into the third polarized light in the at least one third region , the second polarized light is converted into fourth polarized light in at least one fourth region.
  • the phase retardation layer is used to actively control the incident polarized light, which can improve the utilization rate of the effective polarized light of the backlight module, thereby reducing the power consumption of the display device, and can achieve The display effect of the LCD panel is improved.
  • the third polarization state is linear polarization or elliptical polarization
  • the fourth polarization state includes linear polarization or elliptical polarization
  • At least one third area includes M third pixels in total, at least one fourth area includes N fourth pixels in total, and M is greater than or equal to at least one first area.
  • the number of N is greater than or equal to the number of at least one second region. It can be understood that the aforementioned M and N are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1.
  • the phase retardation layer further includes a liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer includes one or more liquid crystal molecules, wherein each third pixel in the M third pixels includes one or more liquid crystal molecules. At least one of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, each of the N fourth pixels includes at least one of one or more liquid crystal molecules.
  • the aforementioned one or more control elements are used to control the aforementioned one or more deflections of the liquid crystal molecules, so that the third polarized light and the fourth polarized light respectively include the Three polarization states and a fourth polarization state.
  • the incident polarized light is actively controlled by the active control element of the phase retardation layer, which can improve the utilization rate of the effective polarized light of the backlight module, thereby reducing the power consumption of the display device , and can realize the function of local dimming, and improve the display effect of the LCD panel.
  • the phase retardation layer further includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and the liquid crystal layer is located between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
  • one or more control elements include a thin film transistor TFT (Thin Film Transistor), and the TFT includes at least one of ⁇ -Si-TFT, LTPS-TFT, and Oxide-TFT. kind.
  • ⁇ -Si-TFT is an amorphous silicon (Amorphous Silicon) thin film transistor
  • LTPS-TFT is a low temperature polysilicon (Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon) thin film transistor
  • Oxide-TFT is an oxide (Oxide) thin film transistor.
  • the phase retardation layer is arranged near the light exit side of the polarizing film, and the distance d between the light incident side of the phase retardation layer and the light exit side of the polarizing film is the same as the first exit angle or the first exit angle.
  • the two exit angles are related.
  • the optical module is applied to a display device, and the optical module is placed in a display panel (Display Panel) and a backlight module BLU (Backlight Unit) in the display device. between.
  • a display panel Display Panel
  • BLU Backlight Unit
  • the aforementioned display panel may also include one of a color filter CF (Color Filter), an upper polarizer (Upper Polarizer), and a lower polarizer (Lower Polarizer). one or more.
  • CF Color Filter
  • Upper Polarizer Upper Polarizer
  • Lower Polarizer Lower Polarizer
  • the color filter CF in the aforementioned display panel is placed between the upper polarizer and the lower polarizer.
  • the aforementioned display panel may be a Liquid Crystal Display (Liquid Crystal Display) panel.
  • the aforementioned display panel may further include a front glass substrate (Glass Substrate), a rear glass substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the front glass substrate and the rear glass substrate.
  • a front glass substrate Glass Substrate
  • a rear glass substrate a liquid crystal layer between the front glass substrate and the rear glass substrate.
  • the color filter CF in the aforementioned display panel is located on the side of the front glass substrate close to the liquid crystal layer.
  • the upper polarizer in the aforementioned display panel is located on the side of the front glass substrate away from the liquid crystal layer, and the lower polarizer is located on the side of the rear glass substrate away from the liquid crystal layer.
  • the light transmitted through the display panel enters from the lower polarizer and exits from the upper polarizer.
  • the lower polarizer or the upper polarizer only indicates its relative position on the display panel and does not limit its structure.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a display device, including a display panel, and an optical module as in the foregoing first aspect or possible implementations.
  • the display device further includes a backlight module, and the aforementioned optical module is disposed between the display panel and the backlight module.
  • the display panel may further include one or more of an upper polarizer, a lower polarizer, a color filter CF, a front glass substrate, and a rear glass substrate.
  • the color filter CF is placed between the upper polarizer and the lower polarizer.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, where the vehicle includes the display device as described in the third aspect or a possible implementation manner.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, realizes the backlight control as described in the second aspect or a possible implementation manner. method.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including one or more processors, the one or more processors are coupled to a memory, a computer program is stored in the memory, and the one or more processors are used to execute the program on the memory.
  • the stored computer program is used to implement the control method for the optical module in the second aspect or a possible implementation.
  • the optical module, the backlight control method and the display device of the embodiments of the present application can improve the utilization rate of the effective polarized light of the backlight module, and can realize local dimming of the liquid crystal display panel, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the display effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarizing film provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • phase retardation layer 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase retardation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a backlight control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical module provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the structure of the optical module 100 is introduced below.
  • the optical module 100 includes a polarizing film 101 .
  • the polarizing film 101 is used as a polarization grating PG (Polarization Grating) structure for an exemplary introduction. It can be understood that the type of the polarizing film 101 is not limited to the PG structure, and can also be used for other incident natural light that can achieve left-hand rotation. The structure of separation from right-handed polarized light and separation of exit angles is not limited in this application.
  • the polarizing film 101 is placed on the light-emitting side of the backlight module, so that the outgoing light from the backlight module can be incident on the light-incident side of the polarizing film 101, and is converted into the first polarized light and the second polarized light after passing through the polarizing film 101 Light.
  • the first polarized light has a first polarization state
  • the second polarized light has a second polarization state
  • the first polarization state is different from the second polarization state.
  • the first polarized light and the second polarized light are both circularly polarized light
  • the first polarization state is left-handed polarization
  • the second polarization state is right-handed polarization.
  • both the first polarized light and the second polarized light are circularly polarized light
  • the first polarization state is right-handed polarization
  • the second polarization state is left-handed polarization.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific type of the first polarization state or the second polarization state.
  • the first polarized light and the second polarized light are respectively left-handed or right-handedly polarized circularly polarized light as an example for description.
  • the incident light of the polarizing film 101 is unpolarized light
  • the incident light can be natural light from a backlight module, and the natural light can be regarded as two orthogonal circularly polarized lights (circular polarized light). Polarization) superposition.
  • PB Pancharatnam-Berry
  • the incident light of the polarizing film 101 may come from a backlight module or other backlight sources under the condition that the incident light is unpolarized light, and the specific source of the incident light is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the polarizing film 101 includes at least one first region and at least one second region.
  • the meaning of at least one first region or at least one first region indicates: the specific region in the polarizing film 101 has the same PB phase and incident light with the same polarization state, for example, from a backlight module After passing through the specific area, the outgoing light has the same polarization state separation and outgoing angle separation state.
  • the structures of the first region and the second region in the polarizing film 101 reference may be made to the specific content in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 2 of the present application, which will not be repeated here.
  • At least one first region and at least one second region in the polarizing film 101 are alternately arranged.
  • each first region of the at least one first region and each second region of the at least one second region in the polarizing film 101 are arranged in a manner of "...ABABAB", wherein A represents the first region, B represents the second region, A and B form a repeating alternating arrangement.
  • A represents the first region
  • B represents the second region
  • a and B form a repeating alternating arrangement.
  • the alternate arrangement of the at least one first region and the at least one second region can also be achieved in other ways, thereby forming a one-dimensional/linear alternating structure or a two-dimensional/planar alternating structure, which is not limited in this application.
  • "the first region” and “the second region” are respectively the same as "each first region of the at least one first region” and "each second region of the at least one second region” meaning.
  • the first polarized light in the left-handed polarization state emitted from the first region at an angle of The first polarized light in the left-handed polarization state emitted from the second region adjacent to the polarizing film 101 is collected at a certain distance d from the emission side of the polarizing film 101 .
  • the first polarized light or the second polarized light is emitted from the first region and the second region in the polarizing film 101 at ⁇ angles respectively and intersect to form planes with different intersecting degrees.
  • the degree of the intersection varies with the distance d between the intersecting plane and the exit side of the polarizing film.
  • the first polarized light emitted from the adjacent first and second regions reaches the maximum intersection degree at a position away from the exit side of the polarizing film 101 at a distance of d max , and then the intersection degree decreases.
  • the degree of intersection of the second polarized light emitted from the adjacent first area and the second area has the same variation law. The degree of intersection is reduced.
  • the unpolarized light emitted from the backlight module after the unpolarized light emitted from the backlight module is incident on the polarizing film of the optical module, all of them can theoretically be converted into outgoing polarized light with left-handed polarization state and right-handed polarization state.
  • the utilization rate of the effective polarized light of the backlight module is increased, and the purpose of reducing the power consumption of the display device can be achieved, and the application of the method to the liquid crystal display panel can improve the display effect of the panel.
  • the optical module 100 further includes a phase retardation layer 102 .
  • the phase retardation layer 102 is used to convert the first polarized light with the first polarization state and the second polarized light with the second polarization state into the third polarized light including the third polarization state and the light with the fourth polarization state fourth polarized light.
  • the first polarized light and the second polarized light are respectively left-handed or right-handed polarized circularly polarized light
  • the third polarized light and the fourth polarized light include linearly polarized light or elliptically polarized light.
  • the phase retardation layer 102 is placed on the light-emitting side of the polarizing film 101, and the non-polarized incident light of the backlight module passes through the polarizing film 101 and is converted into a first polarized light with a left-handed polarization state and a first polarized light with a right-handed polarization state.
  • the second polarized light of the rotated polarization state is incident on the phase retardation layer 102, it is further converted into a third polarized light and a fourth polarized light, and the third polarized light and the fourth polarized light may include linearly polarized light of different polarization states, or The third polarized light and the fourth polarized light may include elliptically polarized light of different polarization states. It can be understood that the specific polarization states of the third polarization state and the fourth polarization state may be adjusted according to the control requirements of the display state of the liquid crystal display panel, and may be the same or different polarization states, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the phase retardation layer 102 includes at least one third region and at least one fourth region.
  • Each of the at least one third region or each of the at least one fourth region may convert the first polarized light or the second polarized light incident to the phase retardation layer 102 into the third polarized light, respectively or fourth polarized light.
  • the third region and the fourth region in the phase retardation layer 102 reference may be made to the specific content in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 3 of the present application, which is not repeated here.
  • the phase retardation layer 102 can be placed at a distance d max away from the exit side of the polarizing film 101 , so that the first polarized light and the second polarized light output from the polarizing film 101 can be incident to the maximum extent to the phase retardation layer 102 . It can be understood that the position of the phase retardation layer 102 can also be adjusted under the conditions that meet the design requirements and functional control requirements of the display panel system.
  • the phase retardation layer 102 can convert the incident first polarized light and the second polarized light to the greatest extent, thereby improving the utilization rate of the effective polarized light of the backlight module, thereby reducing the power consumption of the display device. consumption, and the display effect of the LCD panel can be improved.
  • the light emitted from the phase retardation layer 102 enters the lower polarizer of the liquid crystal display panel, and the polarization states of the third polarized light and the fourth polarized light are adjusted, and the display effect of the liquid crystal display surface can be adjusted.
  • the third polarized light and the fourth polarized light may be linearly polarized light, and the difference between the third polarized light transmitted by the at least one third pixel and the fourth polarized light transmitted by the at least one fourth pixel and the lower polarizer
  • the efficiency of the backlight module and the display effect of the liquid crystal panel can be controlled.
  • the polarization direction of the third polarized light passing through at least one third pixel is adjusted to be parallel to the direction of the transmission axis of the lower polarizer, More polarized light can be transmitted for higher white brightness.
  • adjusting the polarization direction of the third polarized light and/or the fourth polarized light to be perpendicular to the direction of the light transmission axis of the lower polarizer can enhance the dark field. field effect.
  • the active partition control polarizer film in order to increase the gray-scale performance value of the panel, can generate a non-orthogonal angle between the polarization direction and the lower polarizer to adjust the amount of transmitted light.
  • the incident light can be converted into polarized light with different polarization states and exit angles through the polarizing film, and the theoretical conversion efficiency is close to 100%, which significantly improves the utilization rate of the effective polarized light of the backlight module, and further
  • the power consumption of the display device can be reduced;
  • the phase retardation layer in the optical module includes alternately arranged phase retardation regions (such as the above-mentioned third region and fourth region), and the incident polarized light of different polarization states is actively controlled at the pixel level, Local dimming is performed according to the display requirements of the display panel, and a high dynamic range HDR (high dynamic range) image can be obtained, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the display effect of the panel.
  • HDR high dynamic range
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarizing film provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the following describes the polarizing film 200 (that is, the polarizing film 101 in FIG. 1 , in the embodiment of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the two have the same meaning).
  • the structure is introduced in detail.
  • the polarizing film 200 includes a first region 210 and a second region 220, and the first region 210 and the second region 220 have opposite PB phases. It can be understood that the polarizing film 200 may also include a plurality of first regions 210 and a plurality of second regions 220, and the plurality of first regions 210 and the plurality of second regions 220 are alternately arranged.
  • the incident light incident on the first region 210 of the polarizing film is converted into a first polarized light with a first exit angle and a second polarized light with a second exit angle
  • the incident light incident on the second region 220 of the polarizing film are converted into first polarized light with a second exit angle and second polarized light with a first exit angle.
  • the incident light in the non-polarized state is converted into left-handed polarized light with a first exit angle of ⁇ and a right-handed polarized light with a second exit angle of ⁇ in the first region 210 .
  • the second region 220 is converted into left-handed polarized light with a second exit angle of - ⁇ and a right-handed polarized light with a first exit angle of ⁇ .
  • the PB phase of the first region 210 or the second region 220 is associated with the polarizing grid PG structure of the specific region.
  • the aforementioned at least one first region 210 has the same first PG structure, and at least one second region 220 also has the same second PG structure.
  • the pitches of one area and the second area are associated, and the specific ranges of the first outgoing angle and the second outgoing angle are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • all the incident unpolarized light is theoretically converted into polarized light, and the polarization direction and the exit angle of the outgoing light are separated, so that the utilization rate of the effective polarized light of the backlight module can be improved, and further The power consumption of the display device is reduced.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase retardation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the phase retardation layer 300 includes third regions 310 and fourth regions 320, and the third regions 310 and the fourth regions 320 are alternately arranged.
  • the phase retardation layer 300 may also include a plurality of third regions 310 and a plurality of fourth regions 320, and the plurality of third regions 310 and the plurality of fourth regions 320 are arranged alternately, respectively. It can be understood that the implementation manner of the alternate arrangement of the third area 310 and the fourth area 320 may be a linear/one-dimensional alternate arrangement, or a planar/two-dimensional alternate arrangement, which is not limited in this application.
  • third region and “fourth region” are respectively the same as “each third region of at least one third region” and “each fourth region of at least one fourth region” meaning.
  • the meaning of the third region 310 or the fourth region 320 indicates that the incident light of the specific region in the phase retardation layer has at least the same polarization state.
  • the first polarized light is incident on the third region 310 of the phase retardation layer 300
  • the second polarized light is incident on the fourth region 320 of the phase retardation layer 300 .
  • the third area 310 and the fourth area 320 are only used to indicate the incident area of the first polarized light and the second polarized light on the phase retardation layer 102 , and the third area 310 and the fourth area 320 are used for the incident light.
  • the phase delay state may be adjusted according to the control requirement of the display panel, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the structure of the phase retardation layer 300 includes a lower substrate 350 , an upper substrate 330 , a liquid crystal layer 340 and a control layer 360 .
  • the lower substrate 350 is placed on the light incident side of the retardation layer 300
  • the upper substrate 330 is placed on the light outgoing side of the retardation layer 300 .
  • the liquid crystal layer 340 is positioned between the lower substrate 350 and the upper substrate 330
  • the control layer 360 is positioned between the liquid crystal layer 340 and the lower substrate 350 .
  • the control layer 360 is placed on one side surface of the lower substrate 350 close to the liquid crystal layer 340 to form an integrated structure.
  • the upper substrate 330 and the lower substrate 350 are only used to indicate the relative positions of the two, and one of them can be selected as the light incident side or the light emitting side according to the design requirements of the optical module and the display panel. No restrictions.
  • the materials of the lower substrate 350 and the upper substrate 330 may be selected from glass, polymer materials or organic-inorganic composite materials, for example, the lower substrate 350 and the upper substrate 330 may comprise liquid crystal glass substrates (glass substrate), especially alkali-free glass substrates.
  • both the lower substrate 350 and the upper substrate 330 include polymer film materials with good light transmittance and mechanical properties, such as polyimide PI (polyimide) film, polycarbonate (polycarbonate) film, polypropylene (PP) film ) film and at least one of polyethylene PE (polyethylene) film.
  • the upper substrate 330 and the lower substrate 350 include different materials, for example, the lower substrate 350 includes a glass substrate, the upper substrate 330 includes a transparent polymer material, or the lower substrate 350 includes a transparent polymer material and the upper substrate 330 includes a glass substrate.
  • the thickness of the lower substrate 350 and/or the upper substrate 330 needs to be controlled. Exemplarily, the total thickness of the lower substrate 350 and the upper substrate 330 does not exceed 1 mm. Exemplarily, the total thickness of the lower substrate and the upper substrate does not exceed 0.5 mm.
  • the liquid crystal layer 340 between the lower substrate 350 and the upper substrate 330 includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules for converting the incident first polarized light and/or the second polarized light into outgoing polarized light
  • the third polarized light and/or the fourth polarized light Exemplarily, the first polarized light is left-handed polarization, the second polarized light is right-handed polarization, the liquid crystal layer 340 causes the first polarized light to produce a 1/4 ⁇ phase retardation, and the right-handed polarized light undergoes a 3/4 ⁇ phase retardation, and the outgoing first polarized light is 3/4 ⁇ phase retarded.
  • the three polarized light and/or the fourth polarized light have the same linear polarization direction.
  • the left-handed polarized light passes through (1/4+k) ⁇ phase delay
  • the right-handed polarized light passes through (3/4+k) ⁇ phase delay
  • the left-handed polarized light passes through (3/4 +k) ⁇ phase retardation and right-handed polarized light after (1/4+k) ⁇ phase retardation (k is an integer)
  • linearly polarized light with the same polarization state is obtained; in the phase retardation range of left-handed or right-handed polarized light Under the condition of (1/4+k) ⁇ - - (3/4+k) ⁇ , it is converted into outgoing light with elliptical polarization state.
  • the polarization state of the third polarized light and/or the fourth polarized light may be other polarization states, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the aforementioned at least one third region 310 includes M third pixels in total
  • the aforementioned at least one fourth region 320 includes N fourth pixels in total
  • M and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • M is greater than or equal to the number of third regions 310
  • N is greater than or equal to the number of fourth regions 320 .
  • the phase retardation layer 300 includes a liquid crystal layer 340
  • the liquid crystal layer 340 includes one or more liquid crystal molecules
  • each of the M third pixels includes at least one of one or more liquid crystal molecules
  • the Nth third pixels include at least one of the one or more liquid crystal molecules.
  • Each fourth pixel of the four pixels contains at least one of the one or more liquid crystal molecules.
  • each of the M third pixels or the N fourth pixels in the embodiment of the present application may be regarded as a minimum repeating unit that can be independently controlled by a control element in the phase retardation layer 300 .
  • the deflection state of at least one liquid crystal molecule in each pixel can be independently and actively controlled to obtain outgoing light with a specific polarization state.
  • the third area 310 includes third pixels 310a and 310b
  • the fourth area 320 includes fourth pixels 320a and 320b, wherein the third pixels 310a and the third
  • the number of pixels 310b is M
  • the numbers of fourth pixels 320a and 320b are N. It can be understood that the number of pixels included in the third area 310 or the fourth area 320 may be the same or different, and the number of pixels in a specific area in this embodiment of the present application is not limited.
  • each of the third pixel 310a, the third pixel 310b, the fourth pixel 320a, and the fourth pixel 320b can be independently controlled by the control element, so that the pixels included in the One or more of the liquid crystal molecules produce a specific deflection, so that the first polarized light or the second polarized light incident on the pixel produces a specific phase retardation, and the third polarized light including the third polarization state or the fourth polarization state is obtained. the fourth polarized light.
  • control layer 360 includes one or more control elements (not shown in FIG. 3 ) for controlling one or more liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 340
  • the deflection of the molecules causes the first polarized light and the second polarized light incident on the phase retardation layer 300 to generate corresponding phase delays, respectively, to obtain the third polarized light including the third polarization state and the fourth polarized light including the fourth polarization state.
  • the aforementioned one or more control elements may be thin film transistors TFT.
  • the thin film transistor TFT may be at least one of amorphous silicon ⁇ -Si-TFT, low temperature polysilicon LTPS-TFT, and oxide Oxide-TFT, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the thin film transistor.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a backlight control method provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the method is described in detail below.
  • Step 410 Make the light incident on the polarizing film to obtain a first polarized light with a first polarization state and a second polarized light with a second polarization state; the first polarization state and the second polarization state are different.
  • the polarizing film includes at least one first region and at least one second region which are alternately arranged, and the incident light is converted into a first polarized light with a first exit angle and a second polarized light with a second exit angle in the at least one first region.
  • the incident light is converted into first polarized light with a second exit angle and second polarized light with a first exit angle in at least one second region.
  • the first polarization state is left-handed polarization
  • the second polarization state is right-handed polarization.
  • the first polarization state is right-handed polarization
  • the second polarization state is left-handed polarization.
  • Step 420 The first polarized light and the second polarized light are incident on the phase retardation layer to obtain a third polarized light including a third polarization state and a fourth polarized light including a fourth polarization state.
  • the phase retardation layer includes a control layer
  • the control layer includes one or more control elements for controlling the phase retardation layer to convert the first polarized light and the second polarized light into the third polarized light and the fourth polarized light.
  • the phase retardation layer includes at least one third region and at least one fourth region arranged alternately, the first polarized light is converted into the third polarized light in the at least one third region, and the second polarized light is converted in the at least one fourth region into a fourth polarized light, the third polarization state includes linear polarization or elliptical polarization, and the fourth polarization state may include linear polarization or elliptical polarization.
  • the phase retardation layer is disposed near the light exit side of the polarizing film, and the distance d between the light incident side of the phase retardation layer and the light exit side of the polarizing film is associated with the first exit angle or the second exit angle .
  • At least one third area includes M third pixels in total, at least one fourth area includes N fourth pixels in total, M is greater than or equal to the number of at least one first area, and N is greater than or equal to the number of at least one second area.
  • the phase retardation layer includes a liquid crystal layer
  • the liquid crystal layer includes one or more liquid crystal molecules
  • each of the aforementioned M third pixels includes at least one of one or more liquid crystal molecules
  • the aforementioned N third pixels include at least one of the one or more liquid crystal molecules.
  • Each fourth pixel of the four pixels contains at least one of the one or more liquid crystal molecules.
  • the one or more control elements are used to control the deflection of one or more liquid crystal molecules, so that the third polarized light and the fourth polarized light have a third polarization state and a fourth polarization state, respectively.
  • the incident light is converted into polarized light with different polarization states and exit angles through the polarizing film.
  • the use of the effective polarized light of the backlight module is significantly improved. rate, thereby reducing the power consumption of the display device.
  • the incident polarized light is actively controlled by the phase retardation layer in the optical module, which improves the display effect of the panel.
  • the display device 500 includes a display panel 501 , an optical module 502 (ie, the optical module 100 in FIG. 1 ) and a backlight module 503 . It can be understood that the display device 500 may further include other structures and components, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the display panel 501 includes one or more of an upper polarizer 501a, a lower polarizer 501b, a color filter 501c, a liquid crystal layer 501d, and a control layer 501e.
  • the upper polarizer 501a and the lower polarizer 501b are respectively placed on the The light outgoing side and the light incoming side of the display panel 501 .
  • the display panel 501 may also include other components and structures, which are not limited in this application.
  • the upper polarizer 501a can be used to control the light incident on the display panel 501 to be polarized light; the lower polarizer 501b can be used to control the light output of the polarized light that passes through the liquid crystal layer 501d, and is combined with
  • the color filter 501c cooperates to control the color and brightness of the display panel.
  • the color filter 501c may include a structure in which three color sub-pixels of red R, green G, and blue B are alternately arranged, and display different colors by controlling the amount of light emitted through each sub-pixel. It can be understood that the color filter 501c may include other types of sub-pixels and other types of arrangements, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the color filter 501c is interposed between the aforementioned upper polarizer 501a and the lower polarizer 501b. Further, the color filter 501c is placed on the light-emitting side of the liquid crystal layer 501d, so that the polarization state of the polarized light incident on the color filter 501c can be controlled, thereby controlling the display effect of the liquid crystal panel.
  • the optical module 502 in the display device 500 is placed between the display panel 501 and the backlight module 503, so that the light emitted from the backlight module 503 can be converted into polarized light.
  • the optical module 502 reference may be made to the specific content in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 2 of the present application, which will not be repeated here.
  • the backlight module 503 may include one or more of a light source, a diffusion film, a brightness enhancement film, and a light guide plate, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type and structure of the backlight module 503 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 600 provided by an embodiment of the present application, including:
  • a processor 610 where the processor 610 is configured to execute the computer program stored in the memory 620, so as to implement the backlight control method provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 of the present application.
  • the memory 620 is coupled to the processor 610 .
  • the processor 610 may be one or more processors, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 600 may further include the above-mentioned memory 620, and the memory 620 stores a computer program.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an apparatus, the apparatus includes a functional module for implementing the backlight control method provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 of the present application.
  • the functional modules can be implemented by a processor, or implemented by a processor and a memory together.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 700 includes a display device 710 .
  • the display device 710 is the display device 500 provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 of the present application.
  • vehicle or other similar terms in the embodiments of this application include general motor vehicles, such as cars, SUVs, MPVs, buses, trucks and other vehicles for carrying goods or passengers, including various boats, Watercraft including boats, and aircraft, including hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, fuel vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles.
  • a hybrid vehicle refers to a vehicle with two or more power sources, and an electric vehicle includes a pure electric vehicle, an extended-range electric vehicle, and the like.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the types of vehicles.
  • a computer-readable storage medium provided by an embodiment of the present application stores a computer program thereon.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the method provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 of the present application is implemented.
  • words such as “first” and “second” are used to identify the same or similar items that have basically the same function and effect. Distinguishing, for example, the first region and the second region is only for distinguishing different types of polarization regions, and unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the sequence thereof is not limited, nor should it be construed as an indication or suggestion. Those skilled in the art can understand that words such as “first” and “second” do not limit the quantity and execution order.
  • Computer-readable media may include computer-readable storage media, which correspond to tangible media, such as data storage media, or communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another (eg, according to a communication protocol) .
  • a computer-readable medium may generally correspond to (1) a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium, or (2) a communication medium such as a signal or carrier wave.
  • Data storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by one or more computers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, code and/or data structures for implementing the techniques described in this application.
  • the computer program product may comprise a computer-readable medium.
  • such computer-readable storage media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or may be used to store instructions or data structures desired program code in the form of any other medium that can be accessed by a computer.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are used to transmit instructions from a website, server, or other remote source
  • the coaxial cable Wire, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • computer-readable storage media and data storage media do not include connections, carrier waves, signals, or other transitory media, but are instead directed to non-transitory, tangible storage media.
  • magnetic disks and optical disks include compact disks (CDs), laser disks, optical disks, digital versatile disks (DVDs), and Blu-ray disks, where disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while disks reproduce optically with lasers data. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • FPGAs field programmable logic arrays
  • the techniques of this application may be implemented in a wide variety of devices or apparatuses, including in-vehicle equipment, an integrated circuit (IC), or a set of ICs (eg, a chip set).
  • IC integrated circuit
  • a set of ICs eg, a chip set.
  • Various components, modules are described in this application to emphasize functional aspects of means for performing the disclosed techniques, but do not necessarily require realization by different hardware. Indeed, as described above, the various modules may be combined in hardware in conjunction with suitable software and/or firmware, or provided by interoperating hardware including one or more processors as described above.

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Abstract

一种光学模组（100）包括：偏振膜（101），用于将入射光线转换成具有第一偏振态的第一偏振光和具有第二偏振态的第二偏振光；相位延迟层（102），用于将第一偏振光和第二偏振光转换为包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光和包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光；第一偏振态和第二偏振态不同；相位延迟层（102）包括控制层（360），控制层（360）包括一个或多个控制元件。光学模组（100）可以用于显示装置，可以提升显示装置的显示效果，并提高背光模组有效偏振光的使用率，进而降低了显示装置的功耗。

Description

一种光学模组、背光控制方法和显示装置
本申请要求在2020年10月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011125198.8、申请名称为“一种光学模组、背光控制方法和显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示领域，尤其涉及一种光学模组、背光控制方法和显示装置。
背景技术
在液晶显示装置中，为了通过液晶面板中的液晶层对透射的光线进行偏转控制，需要对背光系统产生的自然光进行调制，使其转换成偏振光。通常，液晶面板与背光模组之间放置一片偏光片，从而使背光模组的自然光被调制成偏振光后入射液晶面板。然而，由于偏光片为会吸收异向的偏振光，因此会造成背光系统出射的光线中，至少50％的光源被损失掉，降低了背光模组的效率。
为了提高背光源的利用效率，业界开发了一些新型的光学膜材料，例如，多层膜堆叠设计膜材，该光学膜材料使与系统偏振方向相同的光线能够透射，与系统偏振方向不相同的光线则会被反射回背光系统中，通过多次光学折射反射后，可以达到背光系统总体效率的提升。一般来说，此类光学膜材料带来的系统效率提升会受系统架构的影响，并视背光光学膜材堆叠架构以及材料吸收率与反射基材效率的影响，背光系统的有效偏振光效率增益范围为20％-45％之间。除前述的多层膜堆叠设计膜材，金属线栅WGP(Wire Grid Polarizer)也被用于提高偏振光的使用率。但是，该结构的制造方法比较复杂，应用此技术的面板显示效果不佳，业界至今未有可商用化的大规模生产能力与方法。并且，即使技术克服了量产的问题，其也依然会存在与前述多层膜堆叠设计膜材类似的问题，即通过该结构再利用的光线必须再返回背光系统中，效率受背光系统设计影响，提升效率有限。
由此可见，目前亟需一种光学模组、背光控制方法和显示装置，提高背光模组的效率，改善液晶面板的显示效果。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种光学模组、背光控制方法和显示装置，可以提高背光模组有效偏振光的效率，并可以实现液晶显示面板的局部调光(Local Dimming)，提升显示效果。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光学模组，包括：
偏振膜，用于将入射光线转换成具有第一偏振态的第一偏振光和具有第二偏振态的第二偏振光；
相位延迟层，相位延迟层包括控制层，控制层包括一个或多个控制元件，一个或多个控制元件用于控制相位延迟层将第一偏振光和第二偏振光转换为包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光和包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光；
第一偏振态和第二偏振态不同。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，在光学模组中通过相位延迟层对偏振光进行主动控制，可以提高背光模组有效偏振光的效率并可以实现液晶面板的显示效果提升。进一步的，由于提高了背光模组有效偏振光的效率，显示装置的功耗也会降低。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种背光控制方法，包括：
使光线入射偏振膜，得到具有第一偏振态的第一偏振光和具有第二偏振态的第二偏振光；
使第一偏振光和第二偏振光入射相位延迟层，得到包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光和包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光；
第一偏振态和第二偏振态不同；
相位延迟层包括控制层，该控制层包括一个或多个控制元件，一个或多个控制元件用于控制相位延迟层将第一偏振光和第二偏振光转换为第三偏振光和第四偏振光。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，通过相位延迟层对偏振光进行主动控制，可以提高背光模组有效偏振光的效用率，并可以实现液晶显示面板的局部调光，提升显示效果。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，偏振膜包括交替排列的至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域：
入射光线在该至少一个第一区域转换成具有第一出射角度的第一偏振光和具有第二出射角度的第二偏振光；
入射光线在该至少一个第二区域转换成具有第二出射角度的第一偏振光和具有第一出射角度的第二偏振光。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，可以提高背光模组有效偏振光的效率，使入射的非偏振光理论上全部转换为偏振光，并实现出射光线的偏振方向和出射角度的分离。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，第一偏振态为左旋偏振、第二偏振态为右旋偏振；或者，第一偏振态为右旋偏振、第二偏振态为左旋偏振。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，相位延迟层包括交替排列的至少一个第三区域和至少一个第四区域，第一偏振光在至少一个第三区域转换成第三偏振光，第二偏振光在至少一个第四区域转换成第四偏振光。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，在光学模组中通过相位延迟层对入射的偏振光进 行主动控制，可以提高背光模组有效偏振光的使用率，进而降低显示装置的功耗，并可以实现液晶面板的显示效果提升。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，第三偏振态线偏振或椭圆偏振，第四偏振态包括线偏振或椭圆偏振。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，至少一个第三区域共包括M个第三像素，至少一个第四区域共包括N个第四像素，M大于或等于至少一个第一区域的数量，N大于或等于至少一个第二区域的数量。可以理解的，前述的M和N均为大于或等于1的正整数。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，相位延迟层还包括液晶层，液晶层包括一个或多个液晶分子，其中，M个第三像素中的每个第三像素包括一个或多个液晶分子中的至少一个，N个第四像素中的每个第四像素包含一个或多个液晶分子中的至少一个。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，前述的一个或多个控制元件用于控制前述的一个或多个液晶分子的偏转，使第三偏振光和第四偏振光分别包括所三偏振态和第四偏振态。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，在光学模组中通过相位延迟层的主动控制元件对入射的偏振光进行主动控制，可以提高背光模组有效偏振光的使用率，进而降低显示装置的功耗，并可以实现局部调光的功能，提升液晶面板的显示效果。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，相位延迟层还包括上基板、下基板，液晶层位于上基板和下基板之间。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，一个或多个控制元件包括薄膜晶体管TFT(Thin Film Transistor)，TFT包括α-Si–TFT、LTPS-TFT、Oxide-TFT中的至少一种。其中，α-Si-TFT为非晶硅(Amorphous Silicon)薄膜晶体管，LTPS-TFT为低温多晶硅(Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon)薄膜晶体管，Oxide-TFT为氧化物(Oxide)薄膜晶体管。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，相位延迟层设置于靠近偏振膜的出光侧，相位延迟层的入光侧和偏振膜的出光侧的间距d与第一出射角度或第二出射角度关联。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，该光学模组应用于显示装置，该光学模组置于该显示装置中的显示面板(Display Panel)与背光模组BLU(Backlight Unit)之间。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，前述的显示面板还可以包括彩色滤光片CF(Color Filter)、上偏光片(Upper Polarizer)、下偏光片(Lower Polarizer)中的一种或多种。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，前述显示面板中的彩色滤光片CF置于上偏光片和下偏光片之间。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，前述的显示面板可以为液晶显示LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)面板。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，前述的显示面板还可以包括前玻璃基板(Glass Substrate)、后玻璃基板以及位于前玻璃基板和后玻璃基板之间的液晶层。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，前述显示面板中的彩色滤光片CF位于前玻璃基板靠近液晶层的一侧。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，前述显示面板中的上偏光片于前玻璃基板远离液晶层的一侧，下偏光片位于后玻璃基板远离液晶层的一侧。
可以理解的，透射显示面板的光线从下偏光片入射，从上偏光片出射，下偏光片或上偏光片仅指示其在显示面板的相对位置，不对其结构形成限定作用。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种显示装置，包括显示面板，以及如前述第一方面或可能的实现方式中的光学模组。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，该显示装置还包括背光模组，前述的光学模组置于显示面板和背光模组之间。
结合以上各方面或可能的实现方式中的任意一种，显示面板还可以包括上偏光片、下偏光片、彩色滤光片CF、前玻璃基板、后玻璃基板中的一种或多种。可选的，彩色滤光片CF置于上偏光片和下偏光片之间。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种车辆，该车辆包含如前述第三方面或可能的实现方式中的显示装置。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时，以实现如前述第二方面或可能的实现方式中的背光控制方法。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，包括一个或多个处理器，一个或多个处理器与存储器耦合，存储器上存储有计算机程序，一个或多个处理器用于执行存储器上存储的计算机程序，以实现如前述第二方面或可能的实现方式中光学模组的 控制方法。
本申请实施例的光学模组、背光控制方法和显示装置，可以提高背光模组有效偏振光的使用率，并可以实现液晶显示面板的局部调光，从而达到提升显示效果的目的。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种光学模组的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种偏振膜的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种相位延迟层的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种背光控制方法流程示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的示意性结构图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用以解释本申请，而非用于限定本申请。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种光学模组的结构示意图，下面对光学模组100的结构进行介绍。
光学模组100包括偏振膜101。
本申请实施例以偏振膜101为偏光格栅PG(Polarization Grating)结构进行示例性的介绍，可以理解的，偏振膜101的类型并不限于PG结构，也可以为其它能够使入射的自然光实现左旋和右旋偏光分离以及出射角度分离的结构，本申请对此不做限定。
具体的，偏振膜101置于背光模组的出光侧，从而使背光模组的出射光线可以入射到偏振膜101的入光侧，通过偏振膜101后被转换成第一偏振光和第二偏振光。
作为以上具体实施方式的一个具体示例，第一偏振光具有第一偏振态，第二偏振态光具有第二偏振态，第一偏振态与第二偏振态不相同。示例性的，第一偏振光和第二偏振光均为圆偏振光，第一偏振态为左旋偏振、第二偏振态为右旋偏振。或者，第一偏振光和第二偏振光均为圆偏振光，第一偏振态为右旋偏振、第二偏振态为左旋偏振。可以理解的，在满足第一偏振态与第二偏振态不相同的条件下，本申请的实施例对第一偏振态或第二偏振态的具体类型不做限定。本申请例中，以第一偏振光和第二偏振光分别为左旋偏振或右旋偏振的圆偏振光为例，进行描述。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，偏振膜101的入射光线为非偏振光，例如，入射光线可以为来自背光模组的自然光，该自然光可以视作两束正交的圆偏振光(Circular Polarization)的叠加。可以理解的，当一束具有左旋偏振态的光束入射到具有适当PB(Pancharatnam-Berry)相位的偏振膜后，可以得到偏转角度为θ、右旋偏振态的出射光。相反的，当一束具有右旋偏振态的光束入射具有适当PB相位的偏振膜后，可以得到偏转角度为-θ、左旋偏振态的出射光。进一步的，当一束自然光入射具有前述一定PB相位的偏振膜后，可以获得按照θ角度出射右旋偏振光、按照-θ角度出射的左旋偏振光，形成出射光的偏振态和出射角度的分离。可以理解的，在满足入射光线为非偏振光的条件下，偏振膜101的入射光线可以来自于背光模组或者其它背光源，本申请实施例对入射光线的具体来源不做限定。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，偏振膜101包括至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域。在本申请实施例中，至少一个第一区域或至少一个第一区域的含义指示：在偏振膜101中该特定的区域具有相同的PB相位，具有相同偏振状态的入射光线，例如来自背光模组的自然光，透过该特定区域后，出射光具有相同的偏振态分离和出射角度分离状态。对于偏振膜101中第一区域和第二区域的结构描述，可以参照本申请图2对应的实施例中的具体内容，在此不作赘述。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，偏振膜101中至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域进行交替排列。例如，偏振膜101中至少一个第一区域的每一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域中的每一个第二区域进行“……ABABAB……”方式的排列，其中，A代表第一区域，B代表第二区域，A和B形成了重复的交替排列。可以理解的，至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域进行交替排列也可以通过其它的方式实现，从而形成一维/线性交替结构或者二维/平面的交替结构，本申请对此不做限定。在本申请实施例中，“第一区域”和“第二区域”分别与“至少一个第一区域的每一个第一区域”和“至少一个第二区域中的每一个第二区域”具有相同的含义。
进一步的，具有相反PB相位的至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域进行交替排列的条件下，以θ角从第一区域出射的、左旋偏振态的第一偏振光和以-θ角从偏振膜101相邻的第二区域出射的、左旋偏振态的第一偏振光在距离偏振膜101出射侧一定间距d上产生汇集。
作为以上具体实施方式的一个具体示例，第一偏振光或第二偏振光从偏振膜101中的第一区域和第二区域分别以±θ角射出并产生相交，形成相交程度不同的平面。可以理解的，该相交的程度随着相交平面与偏振膜出射侧的间距d变化而发生变化。例如，从相邻 的第一区域和第二区域射出的第一偏振光在远离偏振膜101出射侧、间距为d max的位置达到相交程度最大值，之后变成相交程度降低。类似的，从相邻的第一区域和第二区域射出的第二偏振光相交程度具有相同的变化规律，分别在远离偏振膜101出射侧、间距为d max的位置分别达到相交最大值后，相交程度降低。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，从背光模组出射的非偏振光在入射到光学模组的偏振膜之后，理论上可以全部转换成具有左旋偏振态和右旋偏振态的出射偏振光，提高了背光模组有效偏振光的使用率，进而可以达到降低显示装置的功耗的目的，将其应用于液晶显示面板并可以提升面板的显示效果。
光学模组100还包括相位延迟层102。
具体的，相位延迟层102用于将具有第一偏振态的第一偏振光和具有第二偏振态的第二偏振光转换为包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光和包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光。示例性的，第一偏振光和第二偏振光分别为左旋偏振或右旋偏振的圆偏振光，第三偏振光和第四偏振光包括线偏振光或椭圆偏振光。
作为以上具体实施方式的一个具体示例，相位延迟层102置于偏振膜101出光侧，背光模组的非偏振态入射光通过偏振膜101，转换成具有左旋偏振态的第一偏振光和具有右旋偏振态的第二偏振光之后，入射到相位延迟层102，进一步转换成第三偏振光和第四偏振光，第三偏振光和第四偏振光可以包括不同偏振态的线偏振光，或者第三偏振光和第四偏振光可以包括不同偏振态的椭圆偏振光。可以理解的，对于第三偏振态和第四偏振态的具体偏振状态可以根据液晶显示面板显示状态的控制需求进行调整，可以为相同或者不同的偏振态，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
进一步的，相位延迟层102包含至少一个第三区域和至少一个第四区域。至少一个第三区域中的每一个第三区域或至少一个第四区域中的每一个第四区域可以将入射到相位延迟层102的第一偏振光或第二偏振光分别转换成第三偏振光或第四偏振光。对于相位延迟层102中第三区域和第四区域的具体结构描述，可以参照本申请图3对应的实施例中的具体内容，在此不作赘述。
作为以上具体实施方式的一个具体示例，相位延迟层102可以置于远离偏振膜101出射侧的间距d max处，从而可以使偏振膜101出射的第一偏振光和第二偏振光最大程度地入射到相位延迟层102。可以理解的，相位延迟层102的位置也可以在满足显示面板系统设计要求和功能控制需求的条件下进行调整，本申请实施例对偏振膜101与相位延迟层102的相对位置不做具体限定。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，相位延迟层102可以对入射的第一偏振光和第二偏振 光进行最大程度的转换，提高了背光模组有效偏振光的使用率，进而降低显示装置的功耗，并可以实现液晶面板的显示效果提升。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，相位延迟层102的出射光线进入液晶显示面板的下偏光片，调整第三偏振光和第四偏振光的偏振态，可以对液晶显示面的显示效果进行控制。示例性的，第三偏振态光和第四偏振光可以为线偏振光，通过对至少一个第三像素透射的第三偏振光和至少一个第四像素透射的第四偏振光与下偏光片的透光轴的方向进行调整，可以对背光模组的效率和液晶面板的显示效果进行控制。
作为以上实施例的一种实现方式，在显示画面为白场的情况下，调整透过至少一个第三像素第三偏振光的偏振方向，使其与下偏光片的透光轴的方向平行，可以使更多的偏振光透射而获得更高的白场亮度。
作为以上实施例的另一种实现方式，在显示画面为暗场的情况下，调整第三偏振光和/或第四偏振光偏振方向与下偏光片的透光轴的方向垂直，可以增强暗场效果。
作为以上实施例的又一种实现方式，为增加面板灰阶表现值，其中主动分区控制偏振膜片可介于偏光方向与下偏光片产生非正交角度夹角，进行透射光量的调整。
根据本申请实施例的光学模组，通过偏振膜可以实现入射光线转换成不同偏振态和出射角度的偏振光，理论转换效率接近100％，显著提高了背光模组有效偏振光的使用率，进而可以降低显示装置的功耗；光学模组中的相位延迟层包括交替排列的相位延迟区域(如上述第三区域和第四区域)，对不同偏振态的入射偏振光进行像素级的主动控制，根据显示面板的显示要求进行局部调光(Local Dimming)，可以获得高动态范围HDR(high dynamic range)图像，从而达到提升面板显示效果的目的。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种偏振膜的结构示意图，以下对偏振膜200(即图1中的偏振膜101，在本申请实施例中，如无特殊说明，两者含义相同)的结构进行具体的介绍。偏振膜200包括第一区域210和第二区域220，第一区域210和第二区域220具有相反的PB相位。可以理解的，偏振膜200也可以包括多个第一区域210和多个第二区域220，且该多个第一区域210和多个第二区域220交替排列。
具体的，入射到偏振膜第一区域210的入射光被转换成具有第一出射角度的第一偏振光和具有第二出射角度的第二偏振光，入射到偏振膜第二区域220的入射光线均被转换成具有第二出射角度的第一偏振光和第一出射角度的第二偏振光。
作为以上具体实施方式的一个具体示例，非偏振态的入射光线在第一区域210被转换成第一出射角度为θ的左旋偏振光和第二出射角度为-θ的右旋偏振光，在第二区域220 被转换成第二出射角度为-θ的左旋偏振光和第一出射角度为θ的右旋偏振光。可以理解的，对于具有偏光格栅PG结构的偏振膜200，第一区域210或第二区域220的PB相位与该特定区域的偏光格栅PG结构关联。示例性的，前述的至少一个第一区域210具有相同的第一PG结构，至少一个第二区域220也具有相同的第二PG结构，第一出射角度和第二出射角度与入射光线波长与第一区域和第二区域的pitch相关联，本申请实施例对第一出射角度和第二出射角度的具体范围不做限定。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，使入射的非偏振光理论上全部转换为偏振光，并实现出射光线的偏振方向和出射角度的分离，从而可以提高背光模组有效偏振光的使用率，进而降低显示装置的功耗。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种相位延迟层的结构示意图，以下对相位延迟层300(即图1中的相位延迟层102，在本申请实施例中，如无特殊说明，两者含义相同)的结构进行具体的介绍。相位延迟层300包括第三区域310和第四区域320，且第三区域310和第四区域320交替排列。可选的，相位延迟层300也可以包括多个第三区域310和多个第四区域320，且该多个第三区域310和多个第四区域320分别交替排列。可以理解的，第三区域310和第四区域320的交替排列实现方式可以为线性/一维的交替排列，也可以平面/二维的交替排列，本申请对此不做限定。
在本申请实施例中，“第三区域”和“第四区域”分别与“至少一个第三区域的每一个第三区域”和“至少一个第四区域中的每一个第四区域”具有相同的含义。第三区域310或第四区域320的含义指示相位延迟层中该特定区域的入射光至少具有相同偏振态。示例性的，第一偏振光入射相位延迟层300的第三区域310、第二偏振光入射到相位延迟层300的第四区域320。可以理解的，第三区域310和第四区域320仅用于指示第一偏振光和第二偏振光在相位延迟层102的入射区域，而第三区域310和第四区域320对入射光产生的相位延迟状态可以根据显示面板的控制需求进行调整，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，相位延迟层300的结构包含下基板350、上基板330、液晶层340和控制层360。下基板350置于相位延迟层300的入光侧，上基板330置于相位延迟层300的出光侧。进一步的，液晶层340置于下基板350和上基板330之间，控制层360位于液晶层340和下基板350之间。可选的，控制层360置于下基板350靠近液晶层340的一侧表面上，并形成一体的结构。可以理解的，上基板330和下基板350仅用于指示两者的相对位置，可以根据光学模组及显示面板的设计要求选择其中之一作为入光侧或出光侧，本申请实施例对此不做限制。
作为以上实施例的一种实现方式，下基板350和上基板330的材料可以选自玻璃、高分子材料或者有机-无机复合材料，例如，下基板350和上基板330可以包含液晶玻璃基板(glass substrate)，特别是无碱玻璃基板。或者，下基板350和上基板330均包含具有良好透光性和机械性能的高分子膜材料，例如，聚酰亚胺PI(polyimide)膜、聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate)膜、聚丙烯PP(polypropylene)膜、聚乙烯PE(polyethylene)膜中的至少一种。或者，上基板330和下基板350包含不同的材料，例如，下基板350包含玻璃基板、上基板330包含透明高分子材料，或下基板350包含透明高分子材料、上基板330包含玻璃基板。进一步的，为满足显示装置在厚度和重量等方面的要求，需对下基板350和/或上基板330的厚度进行控制，示例性的，上基板330或下基板350小于1mm(毫米)。示例性的，下基板350和上基板330的厚度合计不超过1mm。示例性的，下基板和上基板的厚度合计不超过0.5mm。
作为以上实施例的又一种实现方式，在下基板350和上基板330之间的液晶层340包括多个液晶分子，用于使入射的第一偏振光和/或第二偏振光转换成出射的第三偏振光和/或第四偏振光。示例性的，第一偏振光为左旋偏振、第二偏振光为右旋偏振，液晶层340使第一偏振光产生1/4λ相位延迟、右旋偏光经过3/4λ相位延迟后，出射的第三偏振光和/或第四偏振光具有相同的线偏振方向。可以理解的，对于圆偏振光来说，左旋偏振光经过(1/4+k)λ相位延迟、右旋偏光经过(3/4+k)λ相位延迟，或者左旋偏振光经过(3/4+k)λ相位延迟、右旋偏光经过(1/4+k)λ相位延迟(k为整数)后，获得具有相同偏振态的线偏振光；在左旋偏振光或右旋偏光的相位延迟范围(1/4+k)λ- -(3/4+k)λ的条件下，则被转换成具有椭圆偏振态的出射光。可以理解的，第三偏振光和/或第四偏振光的偏振态可以为其它的偏振态，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，在相位延迟层300中，前述至少一个第三区域310共包括M个第三像素，前述至少一个第四区域320共包括N个第四像素，M和N均为大于或等于1的正整数。M大于或等于第三区域310的数量，N大于或等于第四区域320的数量。进一步的，相位延迟层300包括液晶层340，液晶层340包括一个或多个液晶分子，M个第三像素中的每个第三像素包括一个或多个液晶分子中的至少一个，N个第四像素中的每个第四像素包含一个或多个液晶分子中的至少一个。进一步的，本申请实施例中M个第三像素或N个第四像素中的每一个像素可以视作在相位延迟层300中可通过控制元件进行独立控制的最小重复单元。前述每一个像素中至少一个液晶分子的偏转状态可以进行独立、主动的控制，获得具有特定偏振态的出射光。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，第三区域310包括第三像素310a和第三 像素310b，第四区域320包括第四像素320a和第四像素320b，其中，第三像素310a和第三像素310b的数量为M，第四像素320a和第四像素320b的数量为N。可以理解的，第三区域310或第四区域320中所包含的像素数量可以是相同的也可以是不同的，本申请实施例特定区域的像素数量不做限制。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，第三像素310a、第三像素310b、第四像素320a、第四像素320b中的每一个均可以通过控制元件独立地进行控制，使包含于该像素中的一个或多个液晶分子产生特定的偏转，进而使入射该像素的第一偏振光或第二偏振光产生特定的相位延迟，获得包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光或包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，控制层360包括一个或多个控制元件(图3中未示出)，该一个或多个控制元件用于控制液晶层340中的一个或多个液晶分子的偏转，使入射相位延迟层300的第一偏振光和第二偏振光分别产生相应的相位延迟，获得包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光和包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光。可选的，前述的一个或多个控制元件可以是薄膜晶体管TFT。示例性的，薄膜晶体管TFT可以为非晶硅α-Si-TFT、低温多晶硅LTPS-TFT、氧化物Oxide-TFT中的至少一种，本申请实施例对薄膜晶体管的类型不做限制。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种背光控制方法流程示意图，以下对该方法进行具体的介绍。
步骤410：使光线入射偏振膜，得到具有第一偏振态的第一偏振光和具有第二偏振态的第二偏振光；第一偏振态和第二偏振态不同。
具体的，偏振膜包括交替排列的至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域，入射光线在至少一个第一区域转换成具有第一出射角度的第一偏振光和具有第二出射角度的第二偏振光，入射光线在至少一个第二区域转换成具有第二出射角度的第一偏振光和具有第一出射角度的第二偏振光。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，第一偏振态为左旋偏振、第二偏振态为右旋偏振。或者，第一偏振态为右旋偏振、第二偏振态为左旋偏振。
为了描述的方便和简洁，本实施例中具体的描述可以参照前述图1对应的实施例中的描述，在此不作赘述。
步骤420：使第一偏振光和第二偏振光入射相位延迟层，得到包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光和包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光。
具体的，相位延迟层包括控制层，控制层包括一个或多个控制元件，用于控制相位延迟层将第一偏振光和第二偏振光转换为第三偏振光第四偏振光。
具体的，相位延迟层包括交替排列的至少一个第三区域和至少一个第四区域，第一偏振光在至少一个第三区域转换成第三偏振光，第二偏振光在至少一个第四区域转换成第四偏振光，第三偏振态包括线偏振或椭圆偏振，第四偏振态可以包括线偏振或椭圆偏振。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，相位延迟层设置于靠近偏振膜的出光侧，相位延迟层的入光侧和偏振膜的出光侧的间距d与第一出射角度或第二出射角度关联。至少一个第三区域共包括M个第三像素，至少一个第四区域共包括N个第四像素，M大于或等于至少一个第一区域的数量，N大于或等于至少一个第二区域的数量。
具体的，相位延迟层包括液晶层，液晶层包括一个或多个液晶分子，前述的M个第三像素中的每个第三像素包括一个或多个液晶分子中至少一个，前述的N个第四像素中的每个第四像素包含一个或多个液晶分子中的至少一个。一个或多个控制元件用于控制一个或多个液晶分子的偏转，使第三偏振光和第四偏振光分别具有第三偏振态和第四偏振态。
为了描述的方便和简洁，本实施例中具体的描述可以参照前述图1对应的实施例中的描述，在此不作赘述。
根据本申请实施例的背光控制方法，一方面使入射光线通过偏振膜转换成不同偏振态和出射角度的偏振光，相比于传统的偏光转换方法，显著提高了背光模组有效偏振光的使用率，进而可以降低显示装置的功耗。另一方面，通过光学模组中的相位延迟层对入射偏振光进行主动控制，提升了面板的显示效果。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置示意图，显示装置500包括显示面板501，光学模组502(即图1中的光学模组100)和背光模组503。可以理解的，显示装置500还可以包括其它的结构和部件，本申请实施例对此不做限制。
具体的，显示面板501包括上偏光片501a、下偏光片501b、彩色滤光片501c、液晶层501d、控制层501e中的一种或多种，上偏光片501a和下偏光片501b分别置于显示面板501的出光侧和入光侧。可以理解的，显示面板501还可以包括其它的组件和结构，本申请对此不做限制。
作为以上具体实施方式的一个具体示例，上偏光片501a可用于控制入射到显示面板501的光线为偏振光；下偏光片501b可用于控制透过液晶层501d的出射偏振光的出 光量，并与彩色滤光片501c配合用于控制显示面板的颜色和亮度。示例性的，彩色滤光片501c可以包含红R、绿G、蓝B三种颜色子像素交替排列的结构，通过控制透过每个子像素的出光量显示不同的颜色。可以理解的，彩色滤光片501c的可以包括其它类型的子像素以及其它类型的排列方式，本申请实施例对此不做限制。
作为以上具体实施方式的另一个具体示例，彩色滤光片501c置于前述的上偏光片501a和下偏光片501b之间。进一步的，彩色滤光片501c置于液晶层501d的出光侧，从而可以对入射到彩色滤光片501c的偏振光的偏振状态进行控制，进而可以控制液晶面板的显示效果。
显示装置500中的光学模组502置于显示面板501和背光模组503之间，从而可以将背光模组503的出射光转换成偏振光。对于光学模组502的描述可以参照本申请图2对应的实施例中的具体内容，在此不作赘述。
背光模组503可以包括光源、扩散膜、增亮膜、导光板中的一种或多种，本申请实施例对背光模组503的类型和结构不做限制。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备600的示意性结构图，包括：
处理器610，该处理器610用于执行存储器620上存储的计算机程序，以实现如本申请图4所示实施例提供的背光控制方法。可选地，该存储器620与该处理器610耦合。
该处理器610可以是一个或多个处理器，本申请实施例不做限制。
可选的，该电子设备600还可以包括上述存储器620，该存储器620上存储有计算机程序。
此外，本申请实施例还提供一种装置，该装置包括实现如本申请图4所示实施例提供的背光控制方法的功能模块。该功能模块可以由处理器实现，或者由处理器和存储器共同实现。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的示意性结构图，车辆700包括显示装置710。可以理解的，显示装置710为本申请图5所示实施例提供的显示装置500。
可以理解的，本申请中实施例中的“车辆”或者其它相似术语包括一般的机动车辆，例如包括轿车、SUV、MPV、公交车、卡车和其它载货或者载客车辆，包括各种船、艇在内的水运工具，以及航空器等，包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、燃油车辆、插电式混合动力车辆、燃料电池汽车以及其它代用燃料车辆。其中，混合动力车辆指的是具有两种或者多 种动力源的车辆，电动车辆包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车等，本申请实施例对车辆的种类不做具体限定。
本申请实施例提供的一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时，实现如本申请图4所示实施例提供的方法。
本申请实施例的具体实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施方式进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请实施例。
需要说明的是，为了便于清楚描述本申请实施例的技术方案，在本申请的实施例中，采用了“第一”、“第二”等字样对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或者相似项进行区分，例如第一区域和第二区域仅仅是为了区分不同的偏振区域种类，除非另有明确的规定和限定，并不对其先后顺序进行限定，也不能理解为指示或者暗示。本领域技术人员可以理解，“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量和执行次序进行限定。
本领域技术人员能够领会，结合本文公开描述的各种说明性逻辑框、模块和算法步骤所描述的功能可以硬件、软件、固件或其任何组合来实施。如果以软件来实施，那么各种说明性逻辑框、模块、和步骤描述的功能可作为一或多个指令或代码在计算机可读介质上存储或传输，且由基于硬件的处理单元执行。计算机可读介质可包含计算机可读存储介质，其对应于有形介质，例如数据存储介质，或包括任何促进将计算机程序从一处传送到另一处的介质(例如，根据通信协议)的通信介质。以此方式，计算机可读介质大体上可对应于(1)非暂时性的有形计算机可读存储介质，或(2)通信介质，例如信号或载波。数据存储介质可为可由一或多个计算机或一或多个处理器存取以检索用于实施本申请中描述的技术的指令、代码和/或数据结构的任何可用介质。计算机程序产品可包含计算机可读介质。
作为实例而非限制，此类计算机可读存储介质可包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其它光盘存储装置、磁盘存储装置或其它磁性存储装置、快闪存储器或可用来存储指令或数据结构的形式的所要程序代码并且可由计算机存取的任何其它介质。并且，任何连接被恰当地称作计算机可读介质。举例来说，如果使用同轴缆线、光纤缆线、双绞线、数字订户线(DSL)或例如红外线、无线电和微波等无线技术从网站、服务器或其它远程源传输指令，那么同轴缆线、光纤缆线、双绞线、DSL或例如红外线、无线电和微波等无线技术包含在介质的定义中。但是，应理解，计算机可读存储介质和数据存储介质并不包括连接、载波、信号或其它暂时介质，而是实际上针对于非暂时性有形存储介质。如本文中所使用，磁盘和光盘包含压缩光盘(CD)、激光光盘、光学光盘、数字多功能光盘(DVD)和蓝光光盘，其中磁盘通常以磁性方式再现数据，而光盘利用激光以光学方式再现数据。以上各项的组 合也应包含在计算机可读介质的范围内。
可通过例如一或多个数字信号处理器(DSP)、通用微处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)或其它等效集成或离散逻辑电路等一或多个处理器来执行指令。因此，如本文中所使用的术语“处理器”可指前述结构或适合于实施本文中所描述的技术的任一其它结构中的任一者。另外，在一些方面中，而且，技术可完全实施于一或多个电路或逻辑元件中。
本申请的技术可在各种各样的装置或设备中实施，包含车载设备、集成电路(IC)或一组IC(例如，芯片组)。本申请中描述各种组件、模块是为了强调用于执行所揭示的技术的装置的功能方面，但未必需要由不同硬件实现。实际上，如上文所描述，各种模块可结合合适的软件和/或固件组合在硬件中，或者通过互操作硬件(包含如上文所描述的一个或多个处理器)来提供。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，对于本领域技术人员来说，在本申请揭露的范围内可轻易想到变化或替代，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种光学模组，其特征在于，包括：
    偏振膜，用于将入射光线转换成具有第一偏振态的第一偏振光和具有第二偏振态的第二偏振光；
    相位延迟层，所述相位延迟层包括控制层，所述控制层包括一个或多个控制元件，所述一个或多个控制元件用于控制所述相位延迟层将所述第一偏振光和所述第二偏振光转换为包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光和包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光；
    所述第一偏振态和所述第二偏振态不同。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的模组，其特征在于，所述偏振膜包括交替排列的至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域；
    所述入射光线在所述至少一个第一区域转换成具有第一出射角度的所述第一偏振光和具有第二出射角度的所述第二偏振光；
    所述入射光线在所述至少一个第二区域转换成具有所述第二出射角度的所述第一偏振光和具有所述第一出射角度的所述第二偏振光。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的模组，其特征在于，所述第一偏振态为左旋偏振、所述第二偏振态为右旋偏振；或者，所述第一偏振态为右旋偏振、所述第二偏振态为左旋偏振。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，所述相位延迟层包括交替排列的至少一个第三区域和至少一个第四区域，所述将所述第一偏振光和所述第二偏振光转换为包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光和包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光包括：
    所述第一偏振光在所述至少一个第三区域转换成所述第三偏振光；
    所述第二偏振光在所述至少一个第四区域转换成所述第四偏振光。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，所述第三偏振态包括线偏振或椭圆偏振，所述第四偏振态包括所述线偏振或所述椭圆偏振。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的模组，其特征在于，所述至少一个第三区域共包括M个第三像素，所述至少一个第四区域共包括N个第四像素，M大于或等于所述至少一个第一区域的数量，N大于或等于所述至少一个第二区域的数量。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的模组，其特征在于，所述相位延迟层还包括液晶层，所述液晶层包括一个或多个液晶分子，其中，所述M个第三像素中的每个第三像素包括所述一个或多个液晶分子中的至少一个，所述N个第四像素中的每个第四像素包括所述一个或多个液晶分子中的至少一个。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的模组，其特征在于，所述相位延迟层还包括上基板、下基板，所述液晶层位于所述上基板和所述下基板之间。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的模组，其特征在于，所述一个或多个控制元件用于控制所述一个或多个液晶分子的偏转，使所述第三偏振光和所述第四偏振光分别包括所述第三偏振态和所述第四偏振态。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，所述一个或多个控制元件为薄膜晶体管TFT，所述TFT包括非晶硅α-Si-TFT、低温多晶硅LTPS-TFT、氧化物Oxide-TFT中的至少一种。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，所述相位延迟层设置于靠近所述偏振膜的出光侧，所述相位延迟层的入光侧和所述偏振膜的出光侧的间距d与所述第一出射角度或所述第二出射角度关联。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，所述模组应用于显示装置，并置于所述显示装置中的显示面板与背光模组之间。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的模组，其特征在于，所述显示面板还包括彩色滤光片CF、上偏光片、下偏光片中的一种或多种。
  14. 一种背光控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    使光线入射偏振膜，得到具有第一偏振态的第一偏振光和具有第二偏振态的第二偏振光；
    使所述第一偏振光和所述第二偏振光入射相位延迟层，得到包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光和包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光；
    所述第一偏振态和所述第二偏振态不同；
    所述相位延迟层包括控制层，所述控制层包括一个或多个控制元件，其中，所述一个或多个控制元件用于控制所述相位延迟层将所述第一偏振光和所述第二偏振光转换为所述第三偏振光和所述第四偏振光。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述偏振膜包括交替排列的至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域：
    所述入射光线在所述至少一个第一区域转换成具有第一出射角度的所述第一偏振光和具有第二出射角度的所述第二偏振光；
    所述入射光线在所述至少一个第二区域转换成具有所述第二出射角度的所述第一偏振光和具有所述第一出射角度的所述第二偏振光。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一偏振态为左旋偏振、所述第二偏振态为右旋偏振；或者，所述第一偏振态为右旋偏振、所述第二偏振态为左旋偏振。
  17. 根据权利要求14-16任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述相位延迟层包括交替排列的至少一个第三区域和至少一个第四区域，所述使所述第一偏振光和所述第二偏振光入射所述相位延迟层，得到包括第三偏振态的第三偏振光和包括第四偏振态的第四偏振光，包括：
    所述第一偏振光在所述至少一个第三区域转换成所述第三偏振光；
    所述第二偏振光在所述至少一个第四区域转换成所述第四偏振光；
    所述第三偏振态包括线偏振或椭圆偏振，所述第四偏振态包括线偏振或椭圆偏振。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个第三区域共包括M个第三像素，所述至少一个第四区域共包括N个第四像素，M大于或等于所述至少一个第一区域的数量，N大于或等于所述至少一个第二区域的数量。
  19. 根据权利要求14-18任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述相位延迟层还包括液晶层，所述液晶层包括一个或多个液晶分子，所述M个第三像素中的每个第三像素包括所述一个或多个液晶分子中的至少一个，所述N个第四像素中的每个第四像素包含所述一个或多个液晶分子中的至少一个。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述相位延迟层还包括上基板、 下基板，所述液晶层位于所述上基板和所述下基板之间。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述一个或多个控制元件用于控制所述一个或多个液晶分子的偏转，使所述第三偏振光和所述第四偏振光分别包括所述第三偏振态和所述第四偏振态。
  22. 根据权利要求14-21任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：所述一个或多个控制元件为薄膜晶体管TFT，所述TFT包括非晶硅α-Si-TFT、低温多晶硅LTPS-TFT、氧化物Oxide-TFT中的至少一种。
  23. 根据权利要求14-22任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述相位延迟层设置于靠近所述偏振膜的出光侧，所述相位延迟层的入光侧和所述偏振膜的出光侧的间距d与所述第一出射角度或所述第二出射角度关联。
  24. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置包括显示面板，以及如权利要求1-13任一项所述的光学模组。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置还包括背光模组，所述光学模组置于所述显示面板和所述背光模组之间。
  26. 根据权利要求24或25所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示面板还包括上偏光片、下偏光片、彩色滤光片，所述彩色滤光片设置于所述上偏光片和所述下偏光片之间。
  27. 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆包含如权利要求24-26任一项所述的显示装置。
  28. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时，实现如权利要求14-23任一项所述的方法。
  29. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括一个或多个处理器，所述一个或多个处理器与存储器耦合，所述存储器上存储有计算机程序，所述一个或多个处理器用于执行所述计算机程序，以实现如权利要求14-23任一项所述的方法。
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