WO2022083091A1 - 量子退相干程度检测方法、装置及电子设备和存储介质 - Google Patents

量子退相干程度检测方法、装置及电子设备和存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2022083091A1
WO2022083091A1 PCT/CN2021/089966 CN2021089966W WO2022083091A1 WO 2022083091 A1 WO2022083091 A1 WO 2022083091A1 CN 2021089966 W CN2021089966 W CN 2021089966W WO 2022083091 A1 WO2022083091 A1 WO 2022083091A1
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decoherence
degree
quantum
detected
point
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李辰
张新
姜金哲
赵雅倩
李仁刚
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Suzhou Wave Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
    • G06N10/40—Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena

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  • the present application relates to the technical field of quantum computing, and more particularly, to a method and device for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium.
  • Quantum computing is a new type of computing that uses quantum mechanical properties such as superposition and entanglement to perform operations. At present, it has been proved that quantum computing has computing power far exceeding classical computing in some fields.
  • information is stored in the form of qubits. Similar to classical bits, qubits also have states, which can be two ground states of
  • the common quantum decoherence is caused by energy loss.
  • 0> is the lowest energy state and the most stable state. All systems in other states lose energy over time, gradually collapsing towards state
  • the degree of decoherence of qubits increases exponentially with time. After decoherence occurs, quantum information becomes classical information and loses its quantum advantage. Solving the decoherence problem has always been one of the difficult problems of quantum computing, and a lot of researches are currently exploring to extend the quantum decoherence time. But so far, no systematic measure of quantum decoherence has been proposed.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a method and device for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence, as well as an electronic device and a computer-readable storage medium, so as to realize the detection of the degree of quantum decoherence.
  • the present application provides a method for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence, including:
  • the decoherence coefficient of the quantum system to be detected is calculated according to the decoherence degree.
  • the measuring the decoherence degree of the to-be-detected point includes:
  • a corresponding measurement method is determined according to the type of the quantum system to be detected, and the decoherence degree of the point to be detected is measured by using the measurement method.
  • using the measurement method to measure the decoherence degree of the to-be-detected point includes:
  • the decoherence degree of the to-be-detected point is measured multiple times by using the measurement method, and the average value of all the measurement results is used as the final decoherence degree.
  • amplifying the amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected includes:
  • the Grover algorithm is used to amplify the amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected multiple times based on the phase reversal matrix.
  • R is the amplitude amplification times
  • N is the total number of sites in the initial quantum state.
  • calculating the decoherence coefficient of the quantum system to be detected according to the decoherence degree includes:
  • the decoherence coefficient is calculated according to the measured decoherence degree and the decoherence degree theoretical formula.
  • Dc is the decoherence degree
  • t is the time
  • T is the decoherence coefficient
  • Dc the decoherence degree
  • t is the time
  • T is the decoherence coefficient
  • the present application provides a device for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence, including:
  • a determination module for determining the initial quantum state and the point to be detected of the quantum system to be detected
  • a measurement module used for amplifying the amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected, and measuring the degree of decoherence of the point to be detected
  • a calculation module configured to calculate the decoherence coefficient of the quantum system to be detected according to the decoherence degree.
  • an electronic device including:
  • the processor is configured to implement the steps of the above-mentioned method for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence when executing the computer program.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned quantum decoherence degree detection method are realized. .
  • a method for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence includes: determining the initial quantum state and the point to be detected of the quantum system to be detected; amplifying the amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected, and measuring the The decoherence degree of the point to be detected is calculated; the decoherence coefficient of the quantum system to be detected is calculated according to the decoherence degree.
  • the method for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence provided by the present application amplifies the amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected in the quantum system to be detected, and measures its probability to measure the degree of decoherence of the point to be detected.
  • the decoherence coefficient of the quantum system to be detected can be quantitatively calculated according to the measured decoherence degree. It can be seen that the method for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence provided by the present application provides an effective method for analyzing the decoherence of a quantum system.
  • the application also discloses a quantum decoherence degree detection device, an electronic device and a computer-readable storage medium, which can also achieve the above technical effects.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a quantum decoherence degree according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Grover algorithm according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a method for detecting a degree of decoherence according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a device for detecting a quantum decoherence degree according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present application discloses a method for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence, which realizes the detection of the degree of quantum decoherence.
  • a flow chart of a method for detecting a quantum decoherence degree according to an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1, includes:
  • S101 Determine the initial quantum state and the point to be detected of the quantum system to be detected
  • the state of a single qubit can be expressed as ⁇ and ⁇ are complex numbers, and
  • 2 1. Therefore, the single-qubit state can also be represented as a vector ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) T with dimension 2, and the modulo length of this vector is 1.
  • a measurement operation on a quantum system causes the system to collapse to the ground state randomly, with a probability that depends on the coefficients preceding each ground state. When multiple qubits are entangled, the number of corresponding ground states increases exponentially.
  • An entangled system of N qubits has 2 N ground states, and the system state can be expressed as a linear superposition of the ground states.
  • the initial quantum state of the quantum system to be detected is first determined. If the quantum state has been prepared and saved, it can go directly to the next step. If a new quantum state needs to be analyzed, the quantum state needs to be prepared. Among them, the initial quantum state of the quantum system to be detected is:
  • the qubit k to be detected is determined in all the sites in the initialized quantum state, and the initial quantum state of the qubit k is
  • S102 Amplify the amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected, and measure the degree of decoherence of the point to be detected;
  • the amplitude of the quantum state after the inversion of the point to be detected is amplified, and the probability of the point to be detected is measured, that is, the coefficient before
  • amplifying the amplitude of the quantum state of the to-be-detected point and measuring the probability of the to-be-detected point includes: determining a phase inversion matrix corresponding to the to-be-detected point; wherein, if the If the point to be detected is the kth position, the kth diagonal element in the phase flip matrix is -1, the other diagonal elements are 1, and the off-diagonal elements are 0; the Grover algorithm is used based on the phase flip matrix The amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected is amplified for many times.
  • the quantum state of the quantum system to be detected after phase inversion of the point to be detected k is:
  • the schematic diagram of Grover algorithm is shown in Figure 2.
  • the initialization quantum state of the quantum system to be detected in the figure is: After a flip to After two flips to It can be seen that each Grover operation can turn
  • the number of Grover operations that is, the number of times of amplitude amplification may be calculated according to the initial quantum state, that is, this embodiment further includes: calculating the number of times of amplitude amplification of the to-be-detected point according to the initial quantum state.
  • the measurement of the decoherence degree of the points to be detected includes: according to the quantum systems to be detected.
  • the type of the system determines the corresponding measurement method, and the measurement method is used to measure the decoherence degree of the point to be detected.
  • the corresponding measurement method is to measure the polarization characteristics of the point to be detected, the polarization characteristic of the point k to be detected is Ik, and the probability P that the polarization conforms to Ik is obtained by measurement, that is, the probability of obtaining
  • k> from the measurement, then Decoherence degree Dc 1-P.
  • the decoherence degree of the point to be detected can be measured multiple times, and the average value of all measurement results is used as the final decoherence degree, that is, the measurement of the decoherence degree by using the measurement method
  • the detection of the decoherence degree of the point includes: using the measurement method to measure the decoherence degree of the to-be-detected point multiple times, and taking the average value of all the measurement results as the final decoherence degree.
  • the theoretical formula of the decoherence degree is determined by comparing the actual amplitude amplification degree of the quantum state of the point to be detected with the amplitude amplification degree when it is assumed that decoherence does not occur; according to the measured decoherence degree and the decoherence degree
  • the coherence degree theoretical formula calculates the decoherence coefficient.
  • the decoherence degree Dc is expressed as where Me is the probability of measuring a non
  • the decoherence degree Dc is obtained by measuring in step S102, and the decoherence coefficient T can be obtained by inversely calculating the above formula.
  • the circuit of the above decoherence degree detection method is shown in Figure 3.
  • the first H gate is the initialization of the data. If the existing quantum state is analyzed, this gate can be omitted.
  • the subsequent U f gate makes the phase of the point to be measured. reverse; after The four gates are combined into a Grover operation, which is operated for R times in total, and finally Readout is the measurement. Different quantum systems correspond to their own measurement methods.
  • the time complexity of decoherence Also less than the time complexity of direct measurement
  • the Grover algorithm is used to amplify the probability that the point to be detected is detected, and the decoherence degree thereof is quantitatively measured.
  • the method for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence provided by the embodiment of the present application amplifies the amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected in the quantum system to be detected, and measures its probability to measure the degree of decoherence of the point to be detected.
  • the decoherence coefficient of the quantum system to be detected can be quantitatively calculated according to the measured decoherence degree. It can be seen that the method for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence provided by the embodiments of the present application provides an effective method for analyzing the decoherence of a quantum system.
  • quantum decoherence degree detection device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • a quantum decoherence degree detection device described below and a quantum decoherence degree detection method described above can be referred to each other.
  • FIG. 4 a structural diagram of an apparatus for detecting a quantum decoherence degree according to an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 , includes:
  • a determination module 401 configured to determine an initial quantum state and a point to be detected of the quantum system to be detected
  • a measurement module 402 configured to amplify the amplitude of the quantum state of the to-be-detected point, and measure the decoherence degree of the to-be-detected point;
  • the calculation module 403 is configured to calculate the decoherence coefficient of the quantum system to be detected according to the decoherence degree.
  • the device for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence amplifies the amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected in the quantum system to be detected, and measures its probability to measure the degree of decoherence of the point to be detected.
  • the decoherence coefficient of the quantum system to be detected can be quantitatively calculated according to the measured decoherence degree. It can be seen that the quantum decoherence degree detection device provided by the embodiment of the present application provides an effective method for analyzing the decoherence of a quantum system.
  • the measurement module 402 includes:
  • an amplification unit used for amplifying the amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected
  • a measurement unit configured to determine a corresponding measurement mode according to the type of the quantum system to be detected, and use the measurement mode to measure the decoherence degree of the to-be-detected point.
  • the measurement unit specifically determines a corresponding measurement method according to the type of the quantum system to be detected, and uses the measurement method to decoherence the point to be detected. The degree is measured multiple times, and the average of all the measurements is taken as the unit of the final degree of decoherence.
  • the amplifying unit includes:
  • a determination subunit used for determining the phase inversion matrix corresponding to the point to be detected; wherein, if the point to be detected is the kth position, the kth diagonal element in the phase inversion matrix is -1, The other diagonal elements are 1, and the off-diagonal elements are 0;
  • the amplifying subunit is used to amplify the amplitude of the quantum state of the point to be detected multiple times based on the phase reversal matrix by using the Grover algorithm.
  • the amplifying unit further includes:
  • a calculation subunit configured to calculate the amplitude amplification times of the to-be-detected point according to the initial quantum state; wherein, the calculation formula of the amplitude amplification times is specifically:
  • R is the amplitude amplification times
  • N is the total number of sites in the initial quantum state.
  • the computing module 403 includes:
  • a determining unit configured to determine the theoretical formula of the decoherence degree by comparing the actual amplitude amplification degree of the quantum state of the point to be detected with the amplitude amplification degree when it is assumed that decoherence does not occur;
  • a calculation unit configured to calculate a decoherence coefficient according to the measured decoherence degree and the theoretical formula of the decoherence degree.
  • the decoherence degree theory is as follows:
  • Dc is the decoherence degree
  • t is the time
  • T is the decoherence coefficient
  • Dc the decoherence degree
  • t is the time
  • T is the decoherence coefficient
  • the present application further provides an electronic device.
  • a structural diagram of an electronic device 500 provided by an embodiment of the present application may include a processor 11 and a memory 12 .
  • the electronic device 500 may also include one or more of a multimedia component 13 , an input/output (I/O) interface 14 , and a communication component 15 .
  • I/O input/output
  • the processor 11 is used to control the overall operation of the electronic device 500 to complete all or part of the steps in the above-mentioned method for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence.
  • the memory 12 is used to store various types of data to support operations on the electronic device 500, such data may include, for example, instructions for any application or method operating on the electronic device 500, and application-related data, Such as contact data, messages sent and received, pictures, audio, video, and so on.
  • the memory 12 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM for short), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory ( Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM for short), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM for short), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.
  • Multimedia components 13 may include screen and audio components. Wherein the screen can be, for example, a touch screen, and the audio component is used for outputting and/or inputting audio signals.
  • the audio component may include a microphone for receiving external audio signals.
  • the received audio signal may be further stored in the memory 12 or transmitted through the communication component 15 .
  • the audio assembly also includes at least one speaker for outputting audio signals.
  • the I/O interface 14 provides an interface between the processor 11 and other interface modules, and the above-mentioned other interface modules may be a keyboard, a mouse, a button, and the like. These buttons can be virtual buttons or physical buttons.
  • the communication component 15 is used for wired or wireless communication between the electronic device 500 and other devices. Wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC for short), 2G, 3G or 4G, or one or a combination of them, so the corresponding communication component 15 may include: Wi-Fi module, Bluetooth module, NFC module.
  • the electronic device 500 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC for short), digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP for short), digital signal processing devices (Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or other electronic components Implementation is used to perform the above-mentioned quantum decoherence degree detection method.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • DSP Digital Signal Processing Device
  • PLD Programmable Logic Device
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • controller microcontroller, microprocessor or other electronic components Implementation is used to perform the above-mentioned quantum decoherence degree detection method.
  • a computer-readable storage medium comprising program instructions, the program instructions implementing the steps of the above-mentioned quantum decoherence degree detection method when executed by a processor.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be the above-mentioned memory 12 including program instructions, and the above-mentioned program instructions can be executed by the processor 11 of the electronic device 500 to complete the above-mentioned method for detecting the degree of quantum decoherence.

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Abstract

一种量子退相干程度检测方法、装置及一种电子设备和计算机可读存储介质，该方法包括：确定待检测量子系统的初始量子态和待检测点(S101)；对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，并测量所述待检测点的退相干程度(S102)；根据所述退相干程度计算所述待检测量子系统的退相干系数(S103)。该量子退相干程度检测方法，将待检测量子系统中待检测点量子态的振幅放大，测量得到其概率，以测量待检测点的退相干程度。同时，根据测量得到的退相干程度可以定量计算待检测量子系统的退相干系数，提供了有效的量子系统退相干分析方法。

Description

量子退相干程度检测方法、装置及电子设备和存储介质
本申请要求于2020年10月22日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011141385.5、发明名称为“量子退相干程度检测方法、装置及电子设备和存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及量子计算技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种量子退相干程度检测方法、装置及一种电子设备和一种计算机可读存储介质。
背景技术
量子计算是一种利用量子力学性质(如叠加和纠缠等)进行运算的新型计算。目前已证明量子计算在某些领域有远超经典计算的计算能力。在量子计算体系中，信息以量子比特的形式进行存储。与经典比特类似，量子比特也有状态，它可以是|0>或|1>这两种基态，也可以是|0>和|1>的线性组合，称为叠加态。量子态容易受外界环境影响，导致信息失真。处于叠加态的量子比特会随时间推移与周围的物理环境产生纠缠，导致量子比特中储存的信息丢失，这一现象称为退相干。
在目前使用广泛的超导量子计算机和核磁共振量子计算机中，常见的量子退相干是由能量流失引起的。对于单个量子比特，状态|0>是能量最低的状态，也是最稳定的状态。所有处于其他状态的系统的能量会随时间流失，逐渐向状态|0>坍缩。量子比特的退相干程度随时间呈指数级上升。发生退相干后，量子信息就变为经典信息，丧失掉其量子优势。解决退相干问题一直是量子计算的难题之一，目前有大量研究探索延长量子退相干的时间。但目前为止，还没有系统的量子退相干程度测量方法被提出。
因此，如何检测量子退相干程度是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种量子退相干程度检测方法、装置及一种电子设备和一种计算机可读存储介质，实现了检测量子退相干程度。
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了一种量子退相干程度检测方法，包括：
确定待检测量子系统的初始量子态和待检测点；
对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，并测量所述待检测点的退相干程度；
根据所述退相干程度计算所述待检测量子系统的退相干系数。
其中，所述测量所述待检测点的退相干程度，包括：
根据所述待检测量子系统的类型确定对应的测量方式，并利用所述测量方式测量所述待检测点的退相干程度。
其中，所述利用所述测量方式测量所述待检测点的退相干程度，包括：
利用所述测量方式对所述待检测点的退相干程度进行多次测量，并将所有测量结果的平均值作为最终的退相干程度。
其中，对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，包括：
确定所述待检测点对应的相位翻转矩阵；其中，若所述待检测点为第k个位点，则所述相位翻转矩阵中第k个对角元为-1，其他对角元为1，非对角元为0；
采用Grover算法基于所述相位翻转矩阵对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行多次放大。
其中，还包括：
根据所述初始量子态计算所述待检测点的振幅放大次数；其中，所述振幅放大次数的计算公式具体为：
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000001
其中，R为所述振幅放大次数，N为所述初始量子态中的位点总数。
其中，所述根据所述退相干程度计算所述待检测量子系统的退相干系数，包括：
通过比较所述待检测点量子态的实际振幅放大程度与假设不发生退相干时的振幅放大程度确定退相干程度理论公式；
根据测量得到的所述退相干程度和所述退相干程度理论公式计算退相 干系数。
其中，所述退相干程度理论公具体为：
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000002
其中，Dc为所述退相干程度，t为时间，T为退相干系数，
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000003
为所述待检测点量子态的实际振幅放大程度，假设不发生退相干时的振幅放大程度为1。
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了一种量子退相干程度检测装置，包括：
确定模块，用于确定待检测量子系统的初始量子态和待检测点；
测量模块，用于对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，并测量所述待检测点的退相干程度；
计算模块，用于根据所述退相干程度计算所述待检测量子系统的退相干系数。
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了一种电子设备，包括：
存储器，用于存储计算机程序；
处理器，用于执行所述计算机程序时实现如上述量子退相干程度检测方法的步骤。
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上述量子退相干程度检测方法的步骤。
通过以上方案可知，本申请提供的一种量子退相干程度检测方法，包括：确定待检测量子系统的初始量子态和待检测点；对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，并测量所述待检测点的退相干程度；根据所述退相干程度计算所述待检测量子系统的退相干系数。
本申请提供的量子退相干程度检测方法，将待检测量子系统中待检测点量子态的振幅放大，测量得到其概率，以测量待检测点的退相干程度。同时，根据测量得到的退相干程度可以定量计算待检测量子系统的退相干系数。由此可见，本申请提供的量子退相干程度检测方法，提供了有效的量子系统退相干分析方法。本申请还公开了一种量子退相干程度检测装置 及一种电子设备和一种计算机可读存储介质，同样能实现上述技术效果。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开，但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中：
图1为根据一示例性实施例示出的一种量子退相干程度检测方法的流程图；
图2为根据一示例性实施例示出的一种Grover算法的示意图；
图3为根据一示例性实施例示出的一种退相干程度检测方法的线路图；
图4为根据一示例性实施例示出的一种量子退相干程度检测装置的结构图；
图5为根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电子设备的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请实施例公开了一种量子退相干程度检测方法，实现了检测量子退相干程度。
参见图1，根据一示例性实施例示出的一种量子退相干程度检测方法的 流程图，如图1所示，包括：
S101：确定待检测量子系统的初始量子态和待检测点；
单量子比特的状态可表示为
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000004
α和β为复数，且|α| 2+|β| 2＝1。故单量子比特状态也可以表示成维度为2的向量(α,β) T，该向量的模长为1。对量子系统的测量操作会使系统随机地坍缩到基态，概率取决于每个基态前的系数。当多个量子比特纠缠在一起时，对应的基态数会呈指数上升。N个量子比特纠缠的系统有2 N种基态，系统状态可表示为基态的线性叠加。
在本步骤中，首先确定待检测量子系统的初始量子态，若是曾经已制备并保存的量子态，可直接进入下一步，若是需要分析一种新的量子态情况，需制备此量子态。其中，待检测量子系统的初始量子态为：
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000005
其中，x为初始量子态中的位点，N为初始量子态中的位点总数。
其次，在初始化量子态中的所有位点中确定待检测的量子位点k，量子位点k的初始量子态为|k>。
S102：对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，并测量所述待检测点的退相干程度；
在具体实施中，对待检测点反转后的量子态的振幅进行放大，并测量待检测点的概率，即将|k>前系数放大，经过多轮操作后理论上测量得到|k>的概率应接近100％。
作为一种可行的实施方式，对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，并测量所述待检测点的概率，包括：确定所述待检测点对应的相位翻转矩阵；其中，若所述待检测点为第k个位点，则所述相位翻转矩阵中第k个对角元为-1，其他对角元为1，非对角元为0；采用Grover算法基于所述相位翻转矩阵对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行多次放大。
在具体实施中，将待检测点k进行相位反转后待检测量子系统的量子态为：
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000006
Grover算法示意图如图2所示，图中待检测量子系统的初始化量子态为
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000007
经过一次翻转为
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000008
两次翻转后为
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000009
可见，每次Grover操作可将|x>朝着|k>翻转一定角度，多次操作后逐渐接近|k>。Grover操作次数即振幅放大次数可以根据初始量子态进行计算，即本实施例还包括：根据所述初始量子态计算所述待检测点的振幅放大次数。
设
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000010
则操作R次有
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000011
操作次数R满足
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000012
当N很大时，有
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000013
则
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000014
可以理解的是，对于不同的待检测量子系统，可以采用不同的测量方式测量待检测点的退相干程度，即所述测量所述待检测点的退相干程度，包括：根据所述待检测量子系统的类型确定对应的测量方式，并利用所述测量方式测量所述待检测点的退相干程度。以光量子体系为例，其对应的测量方式为测量待检测点的偏振特征，待检测点k的偏振特性为Ik，测量得到偏振符合Ik的概率P，也就是测量得到|k>的概率，则退相干程度Dc＝1-P。
为了准确测量待检测点的退相干程度，可以对待检测点的退相干程度进行多次测量，将所有测量结果的平均值作为最终的退相干程度，即所述利用所述测量方式测量所述待检测点的退相干程度，包括：利用所述测量方式对所述待检测点的退相干程度进行多次测量，并将所有测量结果的平均值作为最终的退相干程度。
S103：根据测量得到的所述退相干程度和所述退相干程度理论公式计算退相干系数。
在具体实施中，通过比较所述待检测点量子态的实际振幅放大程度与假设不发生退相干时的振幅放大程度确定退相干程度理论公式；根据测量得到的所述退相干程度和所述退相干程度理论公式计算退相干系数。
对于发生退相干的情况，发生退相干时体系的量子态为：
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000015
经过Grover算法操作后末态量子态为：
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000016
同样考虑N很大的情况，有
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000017
设经过R’次Grover算法迭代才能满足接近90度，则
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000018
当发生退相干后，仍按照R次操作，在对该量子态测量时得到|k>的概率不是
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000019
而是
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000020
退相干程度Dc表示为
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000021
其中Me为测量到非|k>态的概率。
可见，当t很长，体系发生完全退相干时，测量到|k>的概率十分小，而测量到非|k>态的概率Me接近100％，即退相干程度接近100％。在上述公式中，步骤S102测量得到退相干程度Dc，反推即可通过上述公式计算得到退相干系数T。
上述退相干程度检测方法的线路如图3所示，第一个H门是数据的初始化，若对已有的量子态分析则可省略此门，随后的U f门使得待测位点的相位反转；之后
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000022
四个门联合在一起为一次Grover操作，共操作R次，最后Readout即测量，不同的量子系统对应各自的测量方式。
可见，若不采用本方法，直接测量到待检测点的概率
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000023
而采用本方法后测量到待检测点的概率P＝1-Dc，效率远远高于直接测量。而其测量退相干的时间复杂度
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000024
也小于直接测量的时间复杂 度
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000025
本实施例利用Grover算法放大待检测点被监测到的概率，对其退相干程度进行定量测量。
本申请实施例提供的量子退相干程度检测方法，将待检测量子系统中待检测点量子态的振幅放大，测量得到其概率，以测量待检测点的退相干程度。同时，根据测量得到的退相干程度可以定量计算待检测量子系统的退相干系数。由此可见，本申请实施例提供的量子退相干程度检测方法，提供了有效的量子系统退相干分析方法。
下面对本申请实施例提供的一种量子退相干程度检测装置进行介绍，下文描述的一种量子退相干程度检测装置与上文描述的一种量子退相干程度检测方法可以相互参照。
参见图4，根据一示例性实施例示出的一种量子退相干程度检测装置的结构图，如图4所示，包括：
确定模块401，用于确定待检测量子系统的初始量子态和待检测点；
测量模块402，用于对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，并测量所述待检测点的退相干程度；
计算模块403，用于根据所述退相干程度计算所述待检测量子系统的退相干系数。
本申请实施例提供的量子退相干程度检测装置，将待检测量子系统中待检测点量子态的振幅放大，测量得到其概率，以测量待检测点的退相干程度。同时，根据测量得到的退相干程度可以定量计算待检测量子系统的退相干系数。由此可见，本申请实施例提供的量子退相干程度检测装置，提供了有效的量子系统退相干分析方法。
在上述实施例的基础上，作为一种优选实施方式，所述测量模块402包括：
放大单元，用于对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大；
测量单元，用于根据所述待检测量子系统的类型确定对应的测量方式， 并利用所述测量方式测量所述待检测点的退相干程度。
在上述实施例的基础上，作为一种优选实施方式，所述测量单元具体为根据所述待检测量子系统的类型确定对应的测量方式，利用所述测量方式对所述待检测点的退相干程度进行多次测量，并将所有测量结果的平均值作为最终的退相干程度的单元。
在上述实施例的基础上，作为一种优选实施方式，所述放大单元包括：
确定子单元，用于确定所述待检测点对应的相位翻转矩阵；其中，若所述待检测点为第k个位点，则所述相位翻转矩阵中第k个对角元为-1，其他对角元为1，非对角元为0；
放大子单元，用于采用Grover算法基于所述相位翻转矩阵对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行多次放大。
在上述实施例的基础上，作为一种优选实施方式，所述放大单元还包括：
计算子单元，用于根据所述初始量子态计算所述待检测点的振幅放大次数；其中，所述振幅放大次数的计算公式具体为：
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000026
其中，R为所述振幅放大次数，N为所述初始量子态中的位点总数。
在上述实施例的基础上，作为一种优选实施方式，所述计算模块403包括：
确定单元，用于通过比较所述待检测点量子态的实际振幅放大程度与假设不发生退相干时的振幅放大程度确定退相干程度理论公式；
计算单元，用于根据测量得到的所述退相干程度和所述退相干程度理论公式计算退相干系数。
在上述实施例的基础上，作为一种优选实施方式，所述退相干程度理论公具体为：
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000027
其中，Dc为所述退相干程度，t为时间，T为退 相干系数，
Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-000028
为所述待检测点量子态的实际振幅放大程度，假设不发生退相干时的振幅放大程度为1。
关于上述实施例中的装置，其中各个模块执行操作的具体方式已经在有关该方法的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
本申请还提供了一种电子设备，参见图5，本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备500的结构图，如图5所示，可以包括处理器11和存储器12。该电子设备500还可以包括多媒体组件13，输入/输出(I/O)接口14，以及通信组件15中的一者或多者。
其中，处理器11用于控制该电子设备500的整体操作，以完成上述的量子退相干程度检测方法中的全部或部分步骤。存储器12用于存储各种类型的数据以支持在该电子设备500的操作，这些数据例如可以包括用于在该电子设备500上操作的任何应用程序或方法的指令，以及应用程序相关的数据，例如联系人数据、收发的消息、图片、音频、视频等等。该存储器12可以由任何类型的易失性或非易失性存储设备或者它们的组合实现，例如静态随机存取存储器(Static Random Access Memory，简称SRAM)，电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，简称EEPROM)，可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，简称EPROM)，可编程只读存储器(Programmable Read-Only Memory，简称PROM)，只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，简称ROM)，磁存储器，快闪存储器，磁盘或光盘。多媒体组件13可以包括屏幕和音频组件。其中屏幕例如可以是触摸屏，音频组件用于输出和/或输入音频信号。例如，音频组件可以包括一个麦克风，麦克风用于接收外部音频信号。所接收的音频信号可以被进一步存储在存储器12或通过通信组件15发送。音频组件还包括至少一个扬声器，用于输出音频信号。I/O接口14为处理器11和其他接口模块之间提供接口，上述其他接口模块可以是键盘，鼠标，按钮等。这些按钮可以是虚拟按钮或者实体按钮。通信组件15用于该电子设备500与其他设备之间进行有线或无线通信。 无线通信，例如Wi-Fi，蓝牙，近场通信(Near Field Communication，简称NFC)，2G、3G或4G，或它们中的一种或几种的组合，因此相应的该通信组件15可以包括：Wi-Fi模块，蓝牙模块，NFC模块。
在一示例性实施例中，电子设备500可以被一个或多个应用专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，简称ASIC)、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，简称DSP)、数字信号处理设备(Digital Signal Processing Device，简称DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(Programmable Logic Device，简称PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，简称FPGA)、控制器、微控制器、微处理器或其他电子元件实现，用于执行上述的量子退相干程度检测方法。
在另一示例性实施例中，还提供了一种包括程序指令的计算机可读存储介质，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述量子退相干程度检测方法的步骤。例如，该计算机可读存储介质可以为上述包括程序指令的存储器12，上述程序指令可由电子设备500的处理器11执行以完成上述的量子退相干程度检测方法。
说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以对本申请进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本申请权利要求的保护范围内。
还需要说明的是，在本说明书中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一 个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种量子退相干程度检测方法，其特征在于，包括：
    确定待检测量子系统的初始量子态和待检测点；
    对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，并测量所述待检测点的退相干程度；
    根据所述退相干程度计算所述待检测量子系统的退相干系数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述量子退相干程度检测方法，其特征在于，所述测量所述待检测点的退相干程度，包括：
    根据所述待检测量子系统的类型确定对应的测量方式，并利用所述测量方式测量所述待检测点的退相干程度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述量子退相干程度检测方法，其特征在于，所述利用所述测量方式测量所述待检测点的退相干程度，包括：
    利用所述测量方式对所述待检测点的退相干程度进行多次测量，并将所有测量结果的平均值作为最终的退相干程度。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述量子退相干程度检测方法，其特征在于，对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，包括：
    确定所述待检测点对应的相位翻转矩阵；其中，若所述待检测点为第k个位点，则所述相位翻转矩阵中第k个对角元为-1，其他对角元为1，非对角元为0；
    采用Grover算法基于所述相位翻转矩阵对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行多次放大。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述量子退相干程度检测方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    根据所述初始量子态计算所述待检测点的振幅放大次数；其中，所述振幅放大次数的计算公式具体为：
    Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-100001
    其中，R为所述振幅放大次数，N为所述初始量子态中的位点总数。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述量子退相干程度检测方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述退相干程度计算所述待检测量子系统的退相干系数，包括：
    通过比较所述待检测点量子态的实际振幅放大程度与假设不发生退相干时的振幅放大程度确定退相干程度理论公式；
    根据测量得到的所述退相干程度和所述退相干程度理论公式计算退相干系数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述量子退相干程度检测方法，其特征在于，所述退相干程度理论公具体为：
    Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-100002
    其中，Dc为所述退相干程度，t为时间，T为退相干系数，
    Figure PCTCN2021089966-appb-100003
    为所述待检测点量子态的实际振幅放大程度，假设不发生退相干时的振幅放大程度为1。
  8. 一种量子退相干程度检测装置，其特征在于，包括：
    确定模块，用于确定待检测量子系统的初始量子态和待检测点；
    测量模块，用于对所述待检测点量子态的振幅进行放大，并测量所述待检测点的退相干程度；
    计算模块，用于根据所述退相干程度计算所述待检测量子系统的退相干系数。
  9. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    存储器，用于存储计算机程序；
    处理器，用于执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求1至7任一项所述量子退相干程度检测方法的步骤。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至7任一项所述量子退相干程度检测方法的步骤。
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