WO2022083033A1 - 一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器 - Google Patents

一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022083033A1
WO2022083033A1 PCT/CN2021/075235 CN2021075235W WO2022083033A1 WO 2022083033 A1 WO2022083033 A1 WO 2022083033A1 CN 2021075235 W CN2021075235 W CN 2021075235W WO 2022083033 A1 WO2022083033 A1 WO 2022083033A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
rotating
driven
disk
superconducting
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2021/075235
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨超君
肯尼·特勒英鲍里斯·乔尔
彭志卓
迪吉姆·欧姆博罗派崔克
朱莉
张磊
杨凡
蒋毅一
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to GB2304473.8A priority Critical patent/GB2613326B/en
Publication of WO2022083033A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022083033A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/022—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator
    • H02K21/025—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator by varying the thickness of the air gap between field and armature
    • H02K21/026—Axial air gap machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
    • H02K49/108—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with an axial air gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
    • H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of transmission in mechanical engineering, and relates to a non-contact torque-transmitting magnetic coupler, in particular to a novel unipolar magnet rotating superconducting coupler. It can realize power transmission between the power source and the load end without mechanical contact, and is suitable for occasions where power needs to be transmitted between two different environments.
  • the mechanical coupling is an important part of the mechanical transmission system and is widely used in many fields such as mining, metallurgy, aviation and chemical industry, but due to the elastic force and moment problems caused by the axial deviation during installation, as well as radial and angular Orientation deviation tends to cause vibration and noise.
  • the magnetic coupling has the characteristics of non-contact connection, which can effectively solve this problem. Therefore, in some occasions with high torque vibration, the mechanical coupling has been gradually replaced by the magnetic coupling.
  • the traditional magnetic coupler cannot solve the problem of motor heating, and even fails when the load starts.
  • a disk-type speed-regulating magnetic coupling based on bevel gear transmission is disclosed.
  • the invention consists of a driving disk assembly and a driven disk assembly, and the adjusting mechanism is installed on the driving disk assembly.
  • the active disk assembly several permanent magnets in the same magnetizing direction are pasted on the yoke and are fixed, while several permanent magnets in another magnetizing direction are pasted on the yoke and can rotate;
  • the conductor disk of the driven disk assembly is It is composed of a ring conductor and a yoke; by adjusting the thickness of the axial air gap and the rotation of the single magnet, not only the average facing area and the air gap distance between the permanent magnet and the conductor ring are changed, but also the alternation of the N and S poles of the permanent magnet is gradually changed at the same time.
  • the conductor disc is a common solid conductor structure composed of a ring conductor and a yoke, and there is no material performance requirement for the main and driven discs, so the material of the main and driven discs is not considered to be affected by high temperature. Therefore, the coupler is prone to high temperature and heat generation in heavy-load starting occasions, especially in heavy-load fields such as ship propulsion and wind power generation, resulting in insufficient load capacity of the coupler.
  • the invention proposes a monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler, which is composed of a driving permanent disk assembly that can be rotated by the monopole magnet, a driven conductor disk assembly with superconducting magnetic isolation characteristics, and a low temperature thermostat, wherein the driving permanent disk assembly is A regulating mechanism is installed on the disk assembly, and the driven conductor disk assembly is placed in a low temperature thermostat. It can change the axial distance of the drive and driven disk, the rotation angle of the permanent magnet, the superconducting state of the coil, and the compound speed regulation, etc. There are various ways to change the air gap magnetic density to realize the speed regulation function.
  • a new type of single-pole magnet rotating superconducting coupler is composed of a driving permanent disk assembly, a driven conductor disk assembly and a low temperature thermostat, wherein the adjustment mechanism is installed on the driving permanent disk assembly, and the driven conductor disk assembly is arranged in a cryostat.
  • the drive permanent disk assembly includes a drive frame, a fixed permanent magnet yoke, a fixed permanent magnet, a rotating permanent magnet, a rotating permanent magnet yoke, a pinion shaft, a small bevel gear, a large bevel gear sleeve, a drive shaft, a key, and a dial and dial pin, the drive frame adopts a spoke structure, the material is copper conductor, and the left end face is welded with a fixed permanent magnet yoke, the fixed permanent magnet is bonded on the surface of the fixed permanent magnet yoke, and there is an axial direction between the adjacent two poles.
  • the through hole is used to install the rotatable rotating permanent magnet and rotating permanent magnet yoke, wherein the fixed permanent magnet and rotating permanent magnet have the same area as the fixed permanent magnet yoke and rotating permanent magnet yoke respectively, and the fixed permanent magnet in the driving frame
  • the high-performance permanent magnet material NdFeB (NdFeB) is used as the material for the rotating permanent magnet and the magnetization is uniform in the axial direction.
  • the magnetization directions of the two are opposite and the N and S poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the rotating permanent magnet can be the N pole.
  • the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke are wrapped by aluminum sheet metal
  • the pinion shaft is installed on the driving frame through the rotating permanent magnet yoke and the circular through hole on the radial direction of the driving frame
  • the pinion gear The upper end of the shaft is fixed with the rotating permanent magnet yoke, and the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke can rotate around the pinion shaft in the axial through hole of the drive frame.
  • the lower end of the pinion shaft is fixedly connected with the pinion bevel gear.
  • the left side of the drive frame is connected with the drive shaft through a key, and the outer side of the drive shaft is sleeved with a large bevel gear sleeve. in the chute on the side and in the groove of the drive shaft.
  • the driven conductor disc assembly includes a driven frame, a superconducting coil, a copper core, a conductor disc yoke, a key and a driven shaft.
  • the driven frame adopts a spoke structure, and the material is made of copper conductors, in which there are several fan-shaped through slots for To install the superconducting coil and its wound copper core, the superconducting coil and its wound copper core are tightly pressed into the groove, the depth of the groove is the same as the axial length of the copper core, and the superconducting coil is Hi-type and wound on the surface of the copper core.
  • the superconducting coil material is mercury calcium thallium copper oxide (HgTlCaCuO), which has the highest critical superconducting temperature of 139K.
  • the copper core is installed on the winding table for rotational movement, and each turn of the coil is soaked with two sets of Araldite resin to withstand low temperature environments.
  • the driven frame and the conductor disc yoke are fixedly connected by screws, and are connected with the driven shaft by keys.
  • the driving permanent disk assembly can be used as a driving disk to drive the driven conductor disk assembly to rotate, and vice versa.
  • the cryostat device includes a cryostat, a thermostat cover and a thermostat base.
  • the driven conductor disc assembly is placed in the cryostat.
  • the left end of the cryostat is fixedly connected to the thermostat cover through screws, and the lower end is installed on the thermostat base.
  • Low temperature and high temperature channels are opened on the top to be connected to the low temperature liquid helium tank and the liquid helium refrigerator respectively.
  • the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke can rotate within the range of 0° to 90°.
  • the coupler When the coupler is in the initial position, that is, when the rotation angle is 0°, the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk are completely aligned, and the air gap The thickness is the smallest, the output speed and torque are the largest; when the rotation angle is 90°, the facing area of the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk is the smallest, the air gap thickness is the largest, the magnetic field density is the lowest, and the output speed and torque are the smallest; the third is to change simultaneously The axial distance between the driving permanent disk assembly and the driven conductor disk assembly and the compound speed regulation of the rotation angle of the rotating permanent magnet in the driving permanent magnet disk assembly; the fourth is by changing the superconducting state of the superconducting coil, which can be changed The direction of the magnetic field lines and the degree of magnetic concentration, and then change the air gap magnetic density to achieve speed regulation.
  • unipolar permanent magnet rotation speed regulation the huge pulling force required to move the permanent magnet disc or superconductor disc by traditional speed regulation can be avoided, thereby saving energy and prolonging
  • the principle of magnetization a superconducting coil is installed in the driven conductor disk assembly, and the driven conductor disk assembly is placed in a cryostat filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen.
  • the superconducting coil When the superconducting coil is cooled to absolute zero, it enters the superconducting state.
  • an induced current will be generated on the surface to form an electromagnet repelling the permanent magnetic field.
  • Due to the magnetic isolation characteristics of the superconducting material the magnetic field lines will be repelled, and the magnetic field will be concentrated through the copper core wound by the superconducting coil and the copper driven
  • the frame produces a magnetic concentrating effect by partially isolating the magnetic field, thereby increasing the magnetic field strength in the air gap.
  • the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is used to greatly increase the induced current density, thereby increasing the output torque, and at the same time reducing the heat loss caused by the Joule effect, avoiding the overheating and melting of the coil.
  • Both the drive frame and the driven frame adopt a spoke structure, and the materials are made of copper, which has a low expansion coefficient and can withstand high temperatures and low temperatures of -60 °C; the fixed permanent magnet yoke, rotating permanent magnet yoke and conductor disc yoke are all made of materials.
  • Manganese-zinc ferrite has high magnetic permeability, which can effectively improve the air gap magnetic density and output torque; the thermostat cover and cryostat are made of epoxy resin G11; the thermostat base, drive shaft, driven The material of the shaft, large bevel gear sleeve, small bevel gear, pinion shaft, paddle, paddle pin and key is galvanized steel.
  • cryostat there are low temperature and high temperature channels on the top of the cryostat.
  • the liquid helium temperature in the cryostat reaches the critical temperature, the liquid helium is pumped out of the high temperature channel by a pump and sent to the refrigerator for cooling.
  • the channel inputs cryogenic liquid helium until the temperature drops to absolute zero, thereby ensuring that the coil is always in a superconducting state during operation.
  • the driven conductor disc assembly is placed in a cryostat filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen.
  • an induced current will be generated on the surface during operation to form a An electromagnet repels the permanent magnetic field. Due to the magnetic isolation characteristics of the superconducting material, the magnetic field lines will be repulsed, and the magnetic field will be concentrated through the copper core wound by the superconducting coil and the copper driven frame, and the magnetic concentration effect will be generated by partial magnetic isolation. , thereby increasing the magnetic field strength in the air gap.
  • the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is used to greatly increase the induced current density, thereby increasing the output torque, and at the same time reducing the heat loss caused by the Joule effect, avoiding the overheating and melting of the coil.
  • low temperature and high temperature channels are opened on the top of the cryostat.
  • the temperature of liquid helium in the cryostat reaches the critical temperature
  • the liquid helium is extracted from the high temperature channel by a pump and sent to the refrigerator for cooling.
  • the low temperature liquid helium is input through the low temperature channel until the temperature drops to absolute zero, which effectively reduces the temperature of the driven conductor disk assembly, so that the superconducting coil can always be in a superconducting state during operation.
  • the present invention has four speed regulation modes, which can change the air-gap magnetic density by changing the axial distance of the driving and driven discs, the rotation angle of the permanent magnet, the superconducting state of the coil, and the compound speed regulation, etc. Flexible adjustment of output speed. By rotating the speed regulation of the single pole permanent magnet, the huge pulling force required to move the driving or driven disc by traditional speed regulation can be avoided, thus saving energy and prolonging the life of the coupler.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a novel monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the drive disk assembly of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3( a ) is a schematic diagram when the rotation angle of the permanent magnet of the embodiment is 0°.
  • FIG. 3( b ) is a schematic diagram when the rotation angle of the permanent magnet of the embodiment is 90°.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the bevel gear adjusting mechanism of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5( a ) is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the driving frame and the permanent magnet of the embodiment.
  • Fig. 5(b) is a cross-sectional view of the drive frame of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the driven disk assembly of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 7( a ) is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the driven frame, the superconducting coil and the copper core according to the embodiment.
  • Fig. 7(b) is a cross-sectional view of the driven frame of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a superconducting coil magnetization principle of an embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional exploded view of a cryostat of an embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the refrigeration principle of the cryostat of the embodiment.
  • Fig. 11(a) is an exploded view of the large bevel gear sleeve and the drive shaft of the embodiment.
  • Fig. 11(b) is a schematic view of the assembly of the large bevel gear sleeve and the drive shaft of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure analysis of the novel monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler of the embodiment.
  • a new type of single-pole magnet rotating superconducting coupler consists of a driving permanent disk assembly I, a driven conductor disk assembly II and a low temperature thermostat, wherein the adjustment mechanism is installed in the driving permanent disk assembly I , the driven conductor disc assembly II is placed in a low temperature thermostat.
  • the drive permanent magnetic disk assembly I includes a drive frame 1, a fixed permanent magnet yoke 2, a fixed permanent magnet 16, a rotating permanent magnet 17, a rotating permanent magnet yoke 3, a pinion shaft 4, a small Bevel gear 5, large bevel gear sleeve 6, drive shaft 7, key 18, dial block 8 and dial block pin 19, the left end face of the drive frame 1 is welded with a fixed permanent magnet yoke 2, and the fixed permanent magnet 16 is bonded to the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 16 and the rotating permanent magnet 17 in the drive frame 1 are made of high-performance permanent magnet material NdFeB, which is uniformly magnetized in the axial direction.
  • the magnetization directions are opposite and the N and S poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, wherein the rotating permanent magnets can be N poles or S poles, and the rotating permanent magnets 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 are wrapped by aluminum sheet metal.
  • the adjustment mechanism is shown in Figure 4.
  • the pinion shaft 4 is installed on the drive frame 1 through the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 and the circular through hole opened in the radial direction of the drive frame 1.
  • the upper end of the pinion shaft 4 is connected to the rotating permanent magnet yoke. 3.
  • the fixed and rotating permanent magnet 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 can rotate around the pinion shaft 4 in the axial through hole of the drive frame 1.
  • the driven conductor disc assembly II includes a driven frame 9, a superconducting coil 10, a copper core 11, a conductor disc yoke 12, a key 20 and a driven shaft 13.
  • the driven frame 9 opens There are several fan-shaped through slots for installing the superconducting coil 10 and its wound copper core 11 .
  • the driven frame 9 is fixedly connected with the conductor disc yoke 12 through screws, and is connected with the driven shaft 13 through a key 20 .
  • the driving permanent disk assembly can be used as a driving disk to drive the driven conductor disk assembly to rotate, and vice versa.
  • the first is to axially move the drive permanent disk assembly I or the driven conductor disk assembly II.
  • the second is to rotate the rotating permanent magnet (N pole or S pole) by a certain angle, thereby changing the effective air gap thickness and facing area between the permanent magnet and the disk superconductor disk and the permanent magnet arrangement , the air gap magnetic density changes accordingly to realize speed regulation, the rotating permanent magnet 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 can rotate in the range of 0° to 90°, as shown in Figure 3(a), (b), the coupling
  • the initial position that is, when the rotation angle is 0°, the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk are completely facing each other, the air gap thickness is the smallest, and the output speed and torque are the largest; when the rotation angle is 90°, the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk are facing the area The smallest and the largest air gap thickness, the lowest
  • the compound speed regulation of the rotation angle of the rotating permanent magnet; the fourth is by changing the superconducting state of the superconducting coil 10, which can change the direction of the magnetic field lines and the degree of magnetic concentration, and then change the air gap magnetic density to achieve speed regulation.
  • unipolar permanent magnet rotation speed regulation the huge pulling force required to move the permanent magnet disc or superconductor disc by traditional speed regulation can be avoided, thereby saving energy and prolonging the life of the coupler.
  • the drive frame 1 adopts a spoke structure, the left end face of the drive frame 1 is welded with a fixed permanent magnet yoke 2, and the fixed permanent magnet 16 is bonded to the surface of the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2 and An axial through hole is left between each two poles for installing the rotatable rotating permanent magnet 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 .
  • the driven frame 9 adopts a spoke structure, and there are several fan-shaped slots on the left side for installing the superconducting coil 10 and its wound copper core 11, the superconducting coil 10 and its winding.
  • the wound copper core 11 is tightly pressed into the slot, the depth of the slot is the same as the axial length of the copper core 11, the superconducting coil 10 is Hi-type and is wound on the surface of the copper core 11, and the material of the superconducting coil 10 is mercury calcium thallium copper oxide ( HgTlCaCuO), with the highest critical superconducting temperature of 139K.
  • the copper core 11 is installed on the winding table for rotational motion, and each turn of the coil is soaked with two sets of Araldite resins so that it can withstand the low temperature environment.
  • both the driving frame 1 and the driven frame 9 are made of copper conductors, which have a low expansion coefficient and can withstand high temperatures and low temperatures of -60°C; the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2 , the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 and the conductor disc yoke
  • the iron 12 materials are all made of manganese-zinc ferrite, which has high magnetic permeability, which can effectively improve the air gap magnetic density and output torque;
  • the thermostat cover 21 and the cryostat 14 are made of epoxy resin G11;
  • the thermostat Base 15, drive shaft 7, driven shaft 13, large bevel gear sleeve 6, small bevel gear 5, pinion shaft 4, dial 8, dial pin 19, key 18, key 20 are all made of galvanized steel .
  • a superconducting coil 10 is installed in the driven conductor disk assembly II, and the driven conductor disk assembly II is placed in a cryostat 14 filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen.
  • the superconducting coil 10 When the superconducting coil 10 is cooled to absolute zero, it enters the In the superconducting state, an induced current will be generated on the surface during operation to form an electromagnet repelling a permanent magnetic field, as shown in Figure 8, due to the magnetic isolation characteristics of the superconducting material, the magnetic field lines will be repelled, and the magnetic field will be concentrated through the coil 10
  • the wound copper core 11 and the driven frame 9 made of copper produce a magnetic concentrating effect through partial magnetic isolation, thereby increasing the magnetic field strength in the air gap.
  • the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is used to greatly increase the induced current density, thereby increasing the output torque, and at the same time reducing the heat loss caused by the Joule effect, avoiding the overheating and melting of the coil.
  • the cryostat device includes a cryostat 14, a thermostat cover 21 and a thermostat base 15.
  • the driven conductor plate assembly II is placed in the cryostat 14, and the left end of the cryostat 14 is connected to the thermostat through screws.
  • the cover 21 is fixedly connected, the lower end of the cryostat 14 is installed on the base 15 of the thermostat, and the low temperature and high temperature channels are opened at the top to be connected to the cryogenic liquid helium tank and the liquid helium refrigerator respectively.
  • low temperature and high temperature channels are opened at the top of the cryostat 14.
  • the liquid helium in the cryostat 14 reaches the critical temperature
  • the liquid helium is pumped out from the high temperature channel by a pump and sent to refrigeration Cooling is carried out in the device, and at the same time, cryogenic liquid helium is input through the cryogenic channel until the temperature drops to absolute zero, so as to ensure that the superconducting coil 10 is always in a superconducting state during operation.
  • FIG. 12 The overall structure analysis of the novel monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 12 .

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  • Superconductive Dynamoelectric Machines (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及机械工程中的传动技术领域，具体是一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器。其由驱动永磁盘总成、从动导体盘总成和低温恒温装置组成，调速装置安装在驱动永磁盘总成上，从动导体盘总成置于低温恒温装置中，从动框架中安装有超导线圈。从动导体盘总成置于充满液氮的低温恒温器中。永磁盘可作为驱动盘带动导体盘转动，反之亦可。调速装置采用锥齿轮调速机构，通过改变驱动盘与从动盘之间的气隙厚度、正对面积以及永磁体排布方式，气隙磁密随之改变从而实现调速。此外，通过改变线圈的超导状态，可以改变磁力线的走向和聚磁程度，进而改变气隙磁密实现调速。

Description

一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器 技术领域
本发明涉及机械工程中的传动技术领域，是一种非接触式传递转矩的磁力耦合器，具体是一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器。它能够实现动力源与负载端之间的动力传递而无需机械接触，适用于需要在两个不同环境之间传递动力的场合。
背景技术
机械联轴器是机械传动系统的重要组成部分，广泛用于采矿，冶金，航空和化工等多个领域，但是由于安装过程中的轴向偏差造成的弹性力和力矩问题，以及径向和角向偏差往往会引起振动和噪声。而磁力耦合器具有非接触式连接的特性，可以有效解决这一问题，因此，在一些高转矩振动的场合，机械联轴器已逐渐被磁力耦合器取代。然而，传统的磁力耦合器并不能解决电机发热的问题，严重时甚至会在负载启动时失效。
在专利201710461913.7中，公开了一种基于锥齿轮传动的盘式调速磁力耦合器。该发明由主动盘总成和从动盘总成组成，并且调节机构安装在主动盘总成上。主动盘总成中若干同一充磁方向的永磁体粘贴在轭铁而固定不动，而若干另一充磁方向的永磁体粘贴在轭铁而可以发生旋转；从动盘总成的导体盘则采用环形导体与轭铁组成；通过调节轴向气隙厚度及单体磁体旋转，不仅改变永磁体与导体环之间的平均正对面积和气隙间距，而且同时逐渐改变永磁体N、S极交替排列，从而改变气隙磁密来实现调速过程。然而，该发明其导体盘为常见的由环形导体与轭铁组成的实心导体结构，而且对主、从动盘没有提出的材料性能要求，因而没有考虑主、从动盘的材料受高温影响而造成的性能下降，所以该耦合器在重载启动场合特别是在船舶推进和风力发电等重负载领域，容易产生高温发热问题，从而导致耦合器带负载能力不足的状况。
发明内容
本发明提出一种单极磁体旋转超导耦合器，它由单极磁体可以旋转的驱动永磁盘总成、具有超导隔磁特性的从动导体盘总成和低温恒温装置组成，其中驱动永磁盘总成上安装有调节机构，从动导体盘总成置于低温恒温装置中，它可以通过改变驱、从动盘的轴向距离、永磁体旋转角度、线圈超导状态以及复合调速等 多种方式改变气隙磁密实现调速功能。
一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器，由驱动永磁盘总成、从动导体盘总成和低温恒温装置组成，其中调节机构安装在驱动永磁盘总成上，从动导体盘总成置于低温恒温装置中。驱动永磁盘总成包括驱动框架、固定永磁体轭铁、固定永磁体、旋转永磁体、旋转永磁体轭铁、小齿轮轴、小锥齿轮、大锥齿轮套筒、驱动轴、键、拨块和拨块销，驱动框架采用轮辐式结构，材料采用铜导体，其左端面焊接有固定永磁体轭铁，固定永磁体粘结在固定永磁体轭铁表面且相邻两极之间留有轴向通孔用来安装可旋转的旋转永磁体和旋转永磁体轭铁，其中固定永磁体和旋转永磁体分别与固定永磁体轭铁和旋转永磁体轭铁的面积相同，驱动框架中的固定永磁体和旋转永磁体材料采用高性能永磁材料钕铁硼(NdFeB)，轴向均匀磁化，二者的充磁方向相反且在圆周方向呈N、S极交替排列，其中旋转永磁体可为N极或S极，旋转永磁体和旋转永磁体轭铁被铝制的钣金包裹，小齿轮轴通过旋转永磁体轭铁及驱动框架径向上开有的圆形通孔安装在驱动框架上，小齿轮轴上端与旋转永磁体轭铁固定且旋转永磁体和旋转永磁体轭铁可绕小齿轮轴在驱动框架的轴向通孔中旋转，小齿轮轴下端与小锥齿轮固定连接，小锥齿轮左侧与大锥齿轮套筒啮合，同时驱动框架左侧通过键与驱动轴连接，驱动轴外侧套有大锥齿轮套筒，其中，与拨块固定连接的拨块销插入大锥齿轮套筒两侧的斜槽中及驱动轴的凹槽中。
从动导体盘总成包括从动框架、超导线圈、铜芯、导体盘轭铁、键和从动轴，从动框架采用轮辐式结构，材料采用铜导体，其中开有若干扇形通槽用于安装超导线圈及其缠绕的铜芯，超导线圈及其缠绕的铜芯紧密压入槽中，槽的深度与铜芯轴向长度相同，超导线圈为Hi型且缠绕在铜芯表面，超导线圈材料采用汞钙铊氧化铜(HgTlCaCuO)，具有最高的临界超导温度139K。在绕线过程中，铜芯安装在绕线台上作旋转运动，每匝线圈用两组Araldite型树脂浸泡从而可以承受低温环境。从动框架与导体盘轭铁通过螺钉固定连接，并通过键与从动轴连接。根据电磁感应原理，驱动永磁盘总成可作为驱动盘带动从动导体盘总成转动，反之亦可。低温恒温装置包括低温恒温器、恒温器盖和恒温器底座，从动导体盘总成置于低温恒温器中，低温恒温器左端通过螺钉与恒温器盖固定连接，下端安装在恒温器底座上，顶部开有低温和高温通道分别与低温液氦箱和液氦制冷器连接。
它有四种调速方式，第一种是轴向移动驱动永磁盘总成或从动导体盘总成，改变二者之间的气隙厚度，从而改变磁场密度实现调速；第二种是通过将旋转永磁体(N极或者S极)旋转一定角度，进而改变了永磁体盘与超导体盘之间的有效气隙厚度和正对面积以及永磁体排布方式，气隙磁密随之改变从而实现调速，旋转永磁体和旋转永磁体轭铁可在0°到90°的范围内旋转，耦合器处于初始位置即旋转角度为0°时，永磁体盘和超导体盘完全正对，气隙厚度最小，输出速度和转矩最大；旋转角度为90°时，永磁体盘和超导体盘正对面积最小且气隙厚度最大，磁场密度最低，输出速度和转矩最小；第三种是同时改变驱动永磁盘总成和从动导体盘总成的轴向距离以及驱动永磁体盘总成中旋转永磁体旋转角度的复合调速；第四种是通过改变超导线圈的超导状态，可以改变磁力线的走向和聚磁程度，进而改变气隙磁密实现调速。通过单极永磁体旋转调速，可以避免传统调速方式移动永磁体盘或超导体盘所需的巨大拉力，从而节省能量并延长了耦合器的使用寿命。
聚磁原理：从动导体盘总成中安装有超导线圈，从动导体盘总成置于充满低温液氮的低温恒温器中，当超导线圈冷却到绝对零度时进入超导状态时，在工作中会在表面产生感应电流形成一个电磁铁排斥永磁磁场，由于超导材料的隔磁特性会对磁力线产生排斥作用，磁场会集中通过超导线圈缠绕的铜芯和铜制的从动框架，通过部分隔磁产生聚磁效果，从而提高气隙中的磁场强度。同时利用超导材料的零电阻效应，大幅度提高了感应电流密度，从而提高了输出转矩，同时也减小了焦耳效应产生的热损耗，避免线圈过热熔化。
驱动框架和从动框架均采用轮辐式结构，材料均采用铜，膨胀系数低，能够承受高温和-60℃的低温；固定永磁体轭铁、旋转永磁体轭铁和导体盘轭铁材料均采用锰锌铁氧体，具有较高的磁导率，可有效提高气隙磁密和输出转矩；恒温器盖和低温恒温器材料均采用环氧树脂G11；恒温器底座、驱动轴、从动轴、大锥齿轮套筒、小锥齿轮、小齿轮轴、拨块、拨块销和键的材料均采用镀锌钢。
需要说明的是，低温恒温器顶部开有低温和高温通道，当低温恒温器中的液氦温度达到临界温度时，通过泵将液氦从高温通道抽出送至制冷器中进行冷却，同时通过低温通道输入低温液氦直至温度降低到绝对零度，从而保证线圈在工作中一直处于超导状态。
本发明的优点
(1)本发明中，从动导体盘总成置于充满低温液氮的低温恒温器中，当超导线圈冷却到绝对零度时进入超导状态时，在工作中会在表面产生感应电流形成一个电磁铁排斥永磁磁场，由于超导材料的隔磁特性会对磁力线产生排斥作用，磁场会集中通过超导线圈缠绕的铜芯和铜制的从动框架，通过部分隔磁产生聚磁效果，从而提高气隙中的磁场强度。同时利用超导材料的零电阻效应，大幅度提高了感应电流密度，从而提高了输出转矩，同时也减小了焦耳效应产生的热损耗，避免线圈过热熔化。
(2)本发明中，低温恒温器顶部开有低温和高温通道，当低温恒温器中的液氦温度达到临界温度时，通过泵将液氦从高温通道抽出送至制冷器中进行冷却，同时通过低温通道输入低温液氦直至温度降低到绝对零度，有效降低了从动导体盘总成的温度，从而可以超导线圈在工作中一直处于超导状态。
(3)本发明具有四种调速方式，可以通过改变驱、从动盘的轴向距离、永磁体旋转角度、线圈超导状态以及复合调速等多种方式改变气隙磁密，实现对输出转速的灵活调节。通过单极永磁体旋转调速，可以避免传统调速方式移动驱动盘或从动盘所需的巨大拉力，从而节省能量并延长了耦合器的使用寿命。
附图说明
以下结合附图及实施例对发明作进一步说明。
图1为实施例的新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器的三维结构示意图。
图2为实施例的驱动盘总成的三维爆炸图。
图3(a)为实施例的永磁体旋转角度为0°时的示意图。
图3(b)为实施例的永磁体旋转角度为90°时的示意图。
图4为实施例的锥齿轮调节机构示意图。
图5(a)为实施例的驱动框架与永磁体的装配示意图。
图5(b)为实施例的驱动框架的截面图。
图6为实施例的从动盘总成的三维爆炸图。
图7(a)为实施例的从动框架与超导线圈及铜芯的装配示意图。
图7(b)为实施例的从动框架的截面图。
图8为实施例的超导线圈聚磁原理示意图。
图9为实施例的低温恒温器的三维爆炸图。
图10为实施例的低温恒温器的制冷原理示意图。
图11(a)为实施例的大锥齿轮套筒和驱动轴的爆炸图。
图11(b)为实施例的大锥齿轮套筒和驱动轴的装配示意图。
图12为实施例的新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器的总体结构分析示意图。
1-驱动框架 2-固定永磁体轭铁 3-旋转永磁体轭铁 4-小齿轮轴 5-小锥齿轮 6-大锥齿轮套筒 7-驱动轴 8-拨块 9-从动框架 10-超导线圈 11-铜芯 12-导体盘轭铁 13-从动轴 14-低温恒温器 15-恒温器底座 16-固定永磁体 17-旋转永磁体 18-键 19-拨块销 20-键 21-恒温器盖
具体实施方式
如图1所示，一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器，由驱动永磁盘总成Ⅰ、从动导体盘总成Ⅱ和低温恒温装置组成，其中调节机构安装在驱动永磁盘总成Ⅰ上，从动导体盘总成Ⅱ置于低温恒温装置中。如图1和图2所示，驱动永磁盘总成Ⅰ包括驱动框架1、固定永磁体轭铁2、固定永磁体16、旋转永磁体17、旋转永磁体轭铁3、小齿轮轴4、小锥齿轮5、大锥齿轮套筒6、驱动轴7、键18、拨块8和拨块销19，驱动框架1左端面焊接有固定永磁体轭铁2，固定永磁体16粘结在固定永磁体轭铁2表面且相邻两极之间留有轴向通孔用来安装可旋转的旋转永磁体17和旋转永磁体轭铁3，其中固定永磁体16和旋转永磁体17分别与固定永磁体轭铁2和旋转永磁体轭铁3的面积相同，驱动框架1中的固定永磁体16和旋转永磁体17材料采用高性能永磁材料钕铁硼(NdFeB)，轴向均匀磁化，二者的充磁方向相反且在圆周方向呈N、S极交替排列，其中旋转永磁体可为N极或S极，旋转永磁体17和旋转永磁体轭铁3被铝制的钣金包裹。调节机构如图4所示，小齿轮轴4通过旋转永磁体轭铁3及驱动框架1径向上开有的圆形通孔安装在驱动框架1上，小齿轮轴4上端与旋转永磁体轭铁3固定且旋转永磁体17和旋转永磁体轭铁3可绕小齿轮轴4在驱动框架1的轴向通孔中旋转，小齿轮轴4下端与小锥齿轮5固定连接，小锥齿轮5左侧与大锥齿轮套筒6啮合，同时驱动框架1左侧通过键18与驱动轴7连接，驱动轴7外侧套有大锥齿轮套筒6，其中，与拨块8固定连接的拨块销19插入大锥齿轮套筒6两侧的斜槽中及驱动轴7的凹槽中，如图11(a)、(b)所示。
如图1和图6所示，从动导体盘总成Ⅱ包括从动框架9、超导线圈10、铜芯11、导体盘轭铁12、键20和从动轴13，从动框架9开有若干扇形通槽用于安装超导线圈10及其缠绕的铜芯11，从动框架9与导体盘轭铁12通过螺钉固定连接，并通过键20与从动轴13连接。根据电磁感应原理，驱动永磁盘总成可作为驱动盘带动从动导体盘总成转动，反之亦可。
它有四种调速方式，第一种是轴向移动驱动永磁盘总成Ⅰ或从动导体盘总成Ⅱ，如图1所示，通过改变二者之间的气隙厚度，从而改变磁场密度实现调速；第二种是通过将旋转永磁体(N极或者S极)旋转一定角度，进而改变了永磁体与盘超导体盘之间的有效气隙厚度和正对面积以及永磁体排布方式，气隙磁密随之改变从而实现调速，旋转永磁体17和旋转永磁体轭铁3可在0°到90°的范围内旋转，如图3(a)、(b)所示，耦合器处于初始位置即旋转角度为0°时，永磁体盘和超导体盘完全正对，气隙厚度最小，输出速度和转矩最大；旋转角度为90°时，永磁体盘和超导体盘正对面积最小且气隙厚度最大，磁场密度最低，输出速度和转矩最小；第三种是同时改变驱动永磁盘总成Ⅰ和从动导体盘总成Ⅱ的轴向距离以及驱动永磁盘总成Ⅰ中旋转永磁体旋转角度的复合调速；第四种是通过改变超导线圈10的超导状态，可以改变磁力线的走向和聚磁程度，进而改变气隙磁密实现调速。通过单极永磁体旋转调速，可以避免传统调速方式移动永磁体盘或超导体盘所需的巨大拉力，从而节省能量并延长了耦合器的使用寿命。
如图5(a)、(b)所示，驱动框架1采用轮辐式结构，驱动框架1左端面焊接有固定永磁体轭铁2，固定永磁体16粘结在固定永磁体轭铁2表面且每两极之间留有轴向通孔用来安装可旋转的旋转永磁体17和旋转永磁体轭铁3。如图7(a)、(b)所示，从动框架9采用轮辐式结构，左侧开有若干扇形槽用于安装超导线圈10及其缠绕的铜芯11，超导线圈10及其缠绕的铜芯11紧密压入槽中，槽的深度与铜芯11轴向长度相同，超导线圈10为Hi型且缠绕在铜芯11表面，超导线圈10材料采用汞钙铊氧化铜(HgTlCaCuO)，具有最高的临界超导温度139K。在绕线过程中，铜芯11安装在绕线台上作旋转运动，每匝线圈用两组Araldite型树脂浸泡从而可以承受低温环境。
本实施例中，驱动框架1和从动框架9材料均采用铜导体，膨胀系数低，能够承受高温和-60℃的低温；固定永磁体轭铁2、旋转永磁体轭铁3和导体盘轭 铁12材料均采用锰锌铁氧体，具有较高的磁导率，可有效提高气隙磁密和输出转矩；恒温器盖21和低温恒温器14材料均采用环氧树脂G11；恒温器底座15、驱动轴7、从动轴13、大锥齿轮套筒6、小锥齿轮5、小齿轮轴4、拨块8、拨块销19和键18、键20的材料均采用镀锌钢。
聚磁原理：从动导体盘总成Ⅱ中安装有超导线圈10，从动导体盘总成Ⅱ置于充满低温液氮的低温恒温器14中，当超导线圈10冷却到绝对零度时进入超导状态时，在工作中会在表面产生感应电流形成一个电磁铁排斥永磁磁场，如图8所示，由于超导材料的隔磁特性会对磁力线产生排斥作用，磁场会集中通过线圈10缠绕的铜芯11和铜制的从动框架9，通过部分隔磁产生聚磁效果，从而提高气隙中的磁场强度。同时利用超导材料的零电阻效应，大幅度提高了感应电流密度，从而提高了输出转矩，同时也减小了焦耳效应产生的热损耗，避免线圈过热熔化。
如图9所示，低温恒温装置包括低温恒温器14、恒温器盖21和恒温器底座15，从动导体盘总成Ⅱ置于低温恒温器14中，低温恒温器14左端通过螺钉与恒温器盖21固定连接，低温恒温器14下端安装在恒温器底座15上，顶部开有低温和高温通道分别与低温液氦箱和液氦制冷器连接。
需要说明的是，如图10所示，低温恒温器14顶部开有低温和高温通道，当低温恒温器14中的液氦温度达到临界温度时，通过泵将液氦从高温通道抽出送至制冷器中进行冷却，同时通过低温通道输入低温液氦直至温度降低到绝对零度，从而保证超导线圈10在工作中一直处于超导状态。
本实施例的新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器的总体结构分析如图12所示。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器，其特征在于：所述耦合器由驱动永磁盘总成、从动导体盘总成和低温恒温装置组成，其中调节机构安装在驱动永磁盘总成上，从动导体盘置于低温恒温装置中；驱动永磁盘总成包括驱动框架、固定永磁体轭铁、固定永磁体、旋转永磁体、旋转永磁体轭铁、小齿轮轴、小锥齿轮、大锥齿轮套筒、驱动轴、键、拨块和拨块销；驱动框架左端面焊接有固定永磁体轭铁，固定永磁体粘结在固定永磁体轭铁表面且相邻两极之间留有轴向通孔用来安装可旋转的旋转永磁体及旋转永磁体轭铁，旋转永磁体和旋转永磁体轭铁被铝制的钣金包裹，小齿轮轴通过旋转永磁体轭铁及驱动框架径向上开有的圆形通孔安装在驱动框架上，小齿轮轴上端与旋转永磁体轭铁固定且旋转永磁体和旋转永磁体轭铁可绕小齿轮轴在驱动框架的轴向通孔中旋转，小齿轮轴下端与小锥齿轮固定连接，小锥齿轮左侧与大锥齿轮套筒啮合，同时驱动框架左侧通过键与驱动轴连接，驱动轴外侧套有大锥齿轮套筒，其中，与拨块固定连接的拨块销插入大锥齿轮套筒两侧的斜槽中及驱动轴的凹槽中；从动导体盘总成包括从动框架、超导线圈、铜芯、导体盘轭铁、键和从动轴，从动框架开有若干扇形通槽用于安装超导线圈及其缠绕的铜芯，超导线圈及其缠绕的铜芯紧密压入槽中，从动框架与导体盘轭铁通过螺钉固定连接，并通过键与从动轴连接；低温恒温装置包括低温恒温器、恒温器盖和恒温器底座，从动导体盘总成置于低温恒温器中，低温恒温器左端通过螺钉与恒温器盖固定连接，下端安装在恒温器底座上，顶部开有低温和高温通道分别与低温液氦箱和液氦制冷器连接；驱动永磁盘总成可作为驱动盘带动从动导体盘总成转动，反之亦可。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器，其特征在于：固定永磁体和旋转永磁体分别与固定永磁体轭铁和旋转永磁体轭铁的面积相同，驱动框架中的固定永磁体和旋转永磁体材料采用高性能永磁材料钕铁硼(NdFeB)，轴向均匀磁化，二者的充磁方向相反且在圆周方向呈N、S极交替排列，其中旋转永磁体可为N极或S极；通槽的深度与铜芯轴向长度相同，超导线圈及其缠绕的铜芯紧密压入槽中，槽的深度与铜芯轴向长度相同，超导线圈为Hi型且缠绕在铜芯表面，超导线圈材料采用汞钙铊氧化铜(HgTlCaCuO)，具有最高的临界超导温度139K；在绕线过程中，铜芯安装在绕线台上作旋转运动，每匝线圈用两组Araldite型树脂浸泡从而可以承受低温环境。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器，其特征在于：耦合器有四种调速方式，第一种是轴向移动驱动永磁盘总成或从动导体盘总成，改变二者之间的气隙厚度，从而改变磁场密度实现调速；第二种是通过将旋转永磁体(N极或者S极)旋转一定角度，进而改变了永磁体盘与超导体盘之间的有效气隙厚度和正对面积以及永磁体排布方式，气隙磁密随之改变从而实现调速；第三种是同时改变驱动永磁盘总成和从动导体盘总成的轴向距离以及驱动永磁体盘总成中旋转永磁体旋转角度的复合调速；第四种是通过改变超导线圈的超导状态，可以改变磁力线的走向和聚磁程度，进而改变气隙磁密实现调速；通过单极永磁体旋转调速，可以避免传统调速方式移动永磁体盘或超导体盘所需的巨大拉力，从而节省能量并延长了耦合器的使用寿命。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器，其特征在于：旋转永磁体和旋转永磁体轭铁可在0°到90°的范围内旋转，耦合器处于初始位置即旋转角度为0°时，永磁体盘和超导体盘完全正对，气隙厚度最小，输出速度和转矩最大；旋转角度为90°时，永磁体盘和超导体盘正对面积最小且气隙厚度最大，磁场密度最低，输出速度和转矩最小。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器，其特征在于：从动导体盘总成中安装有超导线圈，从动导体盘总成置于充满低温液氮的低温恒温器中，当超导线圈冷却到绝对零度时进入超导状态时，在工作中会在表面产生感应电流形成一个电磁铁排斥永磁磁场，由于超导材料的隔磁特性会对磁力线产生排斥作用，磁场会集中通过超导线圈缠绕的铜芯和铜制的从动框架，通过部分隔磁产生聚磁效果，从而提高气隙中的磁场强度；同时利用超导材料的零电阻效应，大幅度提高了感应电流密度，从而提高了输出转矩，同时也减小了焦耳效应产生的热损耗，避免线圈过热熔化。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器，其特征在于：驱动框架和从动框架均采用轮辐式结构，材料均采用铜，膨胀系数低，能够承受高温和-60℃的低温；固定永磁体轭铁、旋转永磁体轭铁和导体盘轭铁材料均采用锰锌铁氧体，具有较高的磁导率，可有效提高气隙磁密和输出转矩；恒温器盖和低温恒温器材料均采用环氧树脂G11；恒温器底座、驱动轴、从动轴、大锥齿轮套筒、小锥齿轮、小齿轮轴、拨块、拨块销和键的材料均采用镀锌钢。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种新型单极磁体旋转超导耦合器，其特征在于：低温恒温器顶部开有低温和高温通道，当低温恒温器中的液氦温度达到临界温度时，通过泵将液氦从高温通道抽出送至制冷器中进行冷却，同时通过低温通道输入低温液氦直至温度降低到绝对零度，从而保证线圈在工作中一直处于超导状态。
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