WO2022078534A1 - Réacteur de traitement de biomasse par torréfaction - Google Patents

Réacteur de traitement de biomasse par torréfaction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022078534A1
WO2022078534A1 PCT/CZ2021/050110 CZ2021050110W WO2022078534A1 WO 2022078534 A1 WO2022078534 A1 WO 2022078534A1 CZ 2021050110 W CZ2021050110 W CZ 2021050110W WO 2022078534 A1 WO2022078534 A1 WO 2022078534A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
reactor
torrefaction
cylinder
stage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CZ2021/050110
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ondřej Němček
Jaroslav Frantík
Jan Najser
Václav Peer
Original Assignee
Vysoká Škola Báňská - Technická Univerzita Ostrava
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Vysoká Škola Báňská - Technická Univerzita Ostrava filed Critical Vysoká Škola Báňská - Technická Univerzita Ostrava
Priority to PL444625A priority Critical patent/PL245037B1/pl
Publication of WO2022078534A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022078534A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B1/00—Retorts
    • C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
    • C10B1/04—Vertical retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/08—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form
    • C10B49/10—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/14—Features of low-temperature carbonising processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/083—Torrefaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the device falls by its nature into the field of non-nuclear energy, waste energy management - heat and its use for the purpose of torrefaction.
  • Agricultural production produces a lot of vegetable biowaste, which can be, for example, straw, rapeseed straw or even bark from forestry. Some of these products can be ploughed directly into the soil, but if such 'raw' residues are ploughed in large quantities they may not decompose in time and may be more detrimental to crops (available in Czech at https://www.asz.cz/cs/sedlaci-v-mediich/podestylka-krmivo-i-zaorani-zpet-do-pole-zemedelci-si-slamy-ceni-presto-konci-i-v-kotlich.html).
  • the biowaste produced in this way can also, for example, be recovered for energy recovery (biogas plants, direct incineration, etc.).
  • Another option is to dry it and then reuse it in agricultural production.
  • drying of various materials is widespread and is mainly used in industrial applications, wood and food production. Thus, drying is encountered in many facilities.
  • drying facilities are well known, and they are well described in their conventional embodiments.
  • a special type of drying facilities is a so-called torrefaction plant. Torrefaction, or a form of roasting, is encountered, for example, in the production of coffee, preparation of pellets or other materials.
  • embodiments are known in the form of drying and roasting facilities using sieves, fluidised bed or staged ovens, or rotary reactors with screw or paddle feeding and transport of the torrefied material. It is generally used for drying temperatures in the range of 40-160 °C and for torrefaction temperatures in the range of 160-350 °C.
  • Torrefaction can also be used for light materials and straws.
  • the processed material can then be used to improve the physical and chemical properties of, for example, agricultural soils.
  • EP 2905322 A1 describes a vertical reactor for biomass torrefaction, which comprises a preheating section and a torrefaction section.
  • the biomass passes through each section by gravity.
  • the torrefaction section is fed with torrefaction gas which is directed in the same direction as the biomass.
  • the torrefaction section is heated indirectly through the heating surfaces or directly by conducting heat of the gas.
  • torrefaction can take place in several stages. First, the biomass is heated to a torrefaction temperature of 250 to 280 °C in the first stage, then maintained at this temperature in the second stage and cooled down to about 200 °C in the third stage. During the first two stages, the biomass is heated directly by the torrefaction gas. During the other stages of torrefaction (except for the first stage), the material is affected by gravity and the residual heat of the gaseous medium.
  • WO 9744410 A1 describes a two-section fluidised bed reactor for thermolysis (low temperature pyrolysis, torrefaction) of biomass.
  • a fluidised gas is fed from the bottom of the reactor into which the biomass is fed.
  • the biomass is pyrolyzed by the gas stream.
  • a gas stream containing particulate carbon is removed from the reactor, which is removed in a cyclone and discharged into a gasifier.
  • This cyclone may be located inside the reactor and the carbonaceous residue is piped from the cyclone inside the reactor for further processing.
  • the device described below addresses the problem of technology for simultaneous transport and torrefaction of material.
  • a waste heat stream of a gaseous medium and an inert medium is used for transport during which the waste material (biomass) is also torrefied.
  • a two-stage reactor is a vertical chamber comprising a first inner section - tubular in shape (a first cylinder) - into a lower part of which biomass material is fed, together with a hot gaseous and compressed medium and an inert medium (e. g. various waste or process heat sources) for a thermal reaction of the biomass material, which also allows the material to be lifted and transported upwards through the pipework to the second section.
  • the upper part of the first inner section is open and free to pass through.
  • a second section comprises a cylindrical vessel (a second cylinder, e. g. a pipe) which surrounds the first inner section and is considerably larger in diameter - in simplified terms, it is practically a 'pipe within a pipe'. It is therefore the second, outer section of the reactor.
  • the very top of this second outer section is enclosed and forms a reactor dome.
  • the dome can be designed to be permanently closed, but also to be openable, for example for cleaning.
  • the first inner section projects its upper end into the environment just in front of the reactor dome in the second section.
  • the material is conveyed into the reactor via, for example, a screw conveyor or a mechanical feeder which is connected at the bottom of the first section to an inlet thereof.
  • the material itself first travels upwards through the inner circuit of the first section by means of a compressed gaseous or inert medium and is partially torrefied, then, after leaving the neck of the inner section of the reactor, enters the second outer section and is guided by gravitational forces and partly by residual compressed medium from the first section from the top downwards, where it is completely torrefied along this route.
  • This phenomenon is due to the effect of waste heat radiated by the inner section into the environment of the outer section and a longer residence time in the reactor, which is designed as a two-stage reactor.
  • the torrefaction itself is carried out by waste heat from a flue gas, process heat or other external sources of thermal energy.
  • the required operating temperature is in the range of 200 to 300 °C, depending on the quality of the heat source or waste heat.
  • the heated medium is therefore an inert gaseous medium or a flue gas, which also serves to transport the torrefied material through the reactor.
  • This heat is the product of industrial production, for example, in a heating plant or steelworks, but it is also possible to use heat from, for example, distilleries, rendering plants or sawmills.
  • an inner wall of the second section and an outer wall of the first section may be provided with inclined lamellae facing in the direction of the material flow.
  • This arrangement results in even better homogenisation, swirling of the conveyed material flow, more intense heat transfer to the material and an increase in the path - and therefore in the residence time in the reactor.
  • Another variant is a jacket of the second section, which jacket is split by bolted joints with internal fixation to cover the temperature expansion. This option is suitable for possible cleaning and maintenance of the internal parts of the reactor.
  • the advantage of the structure of this reactor is its counter-current design without moving elements such as a screw conveyor (not being a direct part of the reactor, it only feeds material into the reactor, etc.) - hence its simplicity of structure. It is also advantageous that the material to be processed is conveyed and torrefied in one device at the same time.
  • the material produced is ready for immediate use and application to the soil, which can not only enrich its composition (it is a processed biomass), but also contributes to the landscape, where it can positively affect the erosion of agricultural land.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified block diagram of a material processing method
  • the distillery there is a two-stage reactor for treating biomass by torrefaction, which reactor is a so-called "pipe-in-pipe” system and comprises a first inner section 2 - a pipe into which the material is fed through a lower part of an inlet 1, together with a hot gaseous medium, in this case, the waste heat of flue gas, which thermally acts on the material and at the same time conveys it through the first inner section 2, i. e. upwards through the pipe to the second outer section 3.
  • the outlet of the incoming material is arranged at the top of the first inner section 2, which is open, free to pass through and located in the second outer section 3.
  • the second outer section 3 is a cylindrical vessel of considerably larger diameter than the first inner section 2 which it surrounds.
  • the upper collar (rim) of the second outer section 3 is inseparably connected around its circumference to a reactor dome 4, which encloses the entire inner space, but it is not connected to the first inner section 2.
  • the first inner section 2 therefore extends at its other end into the environment just in front of the reactor dome 4.
  • the material flowing into the reactor dome 4 is directed towards the bottom section 5 of the second outer section 3.
  • the bottom section 5 of the second outer section 3 is provided with an inclined bottom with a drain pipe for the already torrefied material discharged through a reactor outlet 7.
  • the reactor dome 4 can be connected to the second outer section 3 in a separable manner by means of a flexible and tight connection 10 for cleaning or maintenance purposes.
  • the material having a temperature of 20 °C is conveyed into the reactor via a screw conveyor 8 which is connected at the bottom of the first section 2 to the inlet 1 thereof.
  • the material then passes first through the inner circuit of the first inner section 2, i. e. the first torrefaction stage A, upwards by means of a compressed gaseous medium at 300 °C and is partially torrefied.
  • Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that the material is conveyed to the inlet 1 of the first inner section 2 by a mechanical feeder 8.
  • the hot gaseous medium in this example is the so-called process heat at a temperature of 200 °C, which is produced by a sawmill.
  • the material to be processed is bark and branches from forest harvesting.
  • Example 3 differs from the previous examples in that the reactor is equipped with lamellae 9 arranged on the outer walls of the first inner section 2 and the inner walls of the second outer section 3.
  • Example 4 differs from Example 3 in that the bottom section 5 of the second outer section 3 is separable from the second outer section 3 by means of a flexible and tight connection 10.
  • the reactor is located in a rendering plant.
  • the present device can be used wherever there is a source of waste heat which has no other practical use, so that it can be used as a source of compressed gaseous medium (industrial production, conventional and marine transportation, power stations, steelworks, rendering plants, distilleries, sawmills, etc.) and the subsequent product can be used further in agriculture as a fertilizer or an erosion control means.
  • compressed gaseous medium industrial production, conventional and marine transportation, power stations, steelworks, rendering plants, distilleries, sawmills, etc.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un réacteur de traitement de biomasse par torréfaction. Ledit réacteur est un réacteur à deux étages doté d'une première section interne (2) et d'une seconde section externe (3) servant à la torréfaction en deux étages, la seconde section externe (3) entourant la première section interne (2). La première section interne (2) pour un premier étage de torréfaction (A) comprend un premier cylindre, une entrée (1) pour l'alimentation en biomasse et en milieu gazeux chaud est disposée dans une partie inférieure du premier cylindre, le premier cylindre étant complètement ouvert à une extrémité supérieure. La seconde section externe (3) pour un second étage de torréfaction (B) peut également comprendre un second cylindre d'un diamètre tel qui lui permet d'être glissé sur la première section interne (2). Une extrémité supérieure du second cylindre est de préférence terminée par un dôme de réacteur (4), la première section interne (2) passant à travers une section inférieure (5) inclinée (5) de la seconde section externe (3), ladite section inférieure (5) s'ouvrant dans une sortie de réacteur (7).
PCT/CZ2021/050110 2020-10-13 2021-10-13 Réacteur de traitement de biomasse par torréfaction WO2022078534A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL444625A PL245037B1 (pl) 2020-10-13 2021-10-13 Reaktor do przetwarzania biomasy przez prażenie

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZPV2020-560 2020-10-13
CZ2020560A CZ309086B6 (cs) 2020-10-13 2020-10-13 Reaktor pro zpracování biomasy torefakcí

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022078534A1 true WO2022078534A1 (fr) 2022-04-21

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ID=79554209

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PCT/CZ2021/050110 WO2022078534A1 (fr) 2020-10-13 2021-10-13 Réacteur de traitement de biomasse par torréfaction

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CZ (1) CZ309086B6 (fr)
PL (1) PL245037B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022078534A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997044410A1 (fr) * 1996-05-20 1997-11-27 Rti Resource Transforms International Ltd. Liquefaction de biomateriaux a faible consommation d'energie par thermolyse
GB2479924A (en) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-02 Mortimer Tech Holdings Torrefaction Process
WO2015188267A1 (fr) * 2014-06-09 2015-12-17 Hatch Ltd. Réacteur à écoulement piston avec lit fluidisé à recirculation interne
CN108949204A (zh) * 2018-07-11 2018-12-07 大庆高新区百世环保科技开发有限公司 一种多级热脱附装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3721006C1 (en) * 1987-06-25 1988-12-22 Berlin Consult Gmbh Apparatus for low-temperature pyrolysis of biomass
US9562194B2 (en) * 2014-02-11 2017-02-07 Solex Thermal Science Inc. Torrefaction reactor
CZ33086U1 (cs) * 2019-06-24 2019-08-06 MOBIKO a.s. Torefakční zařízení pro porézní biomasu

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997044410A1 (fr) * 1996-05-20 1997-11-27 Rti Resource Transforms International Ltd. Liquefaction de biomateriaux a faible consommation d'energie par thermolyse
GB2479924A (en) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-02 Mortimer Tech Holdings Torrefaction Process
WO2015188267A1 (fr) * 2014-06-09 2015-12-17 Hatch Ltd. Réacteur à écoulement piston avec lit fluidisé à recirculation interne
CN108949204A (zh) * 2018-07-11 2018-12-07 大庆高新区百世环保科技开发有限公司 一种多级热脱附装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL245037B1 (pl) 2024-04-22
PL444625A1 (pl) 2023-07-31
CZ2020560A3 (cs) 2022-01-19
CZ309086B6 (cs) 2022-01-19

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