WO2022070653A1 - Multi-stage screw rotating machine and compressed air storage power generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

Compressors 10 or expanders 50 that compress or expand air via paired male rotor screws 84 and female rotor screws 85 are provided in multiple stages. In each compressor 10 or each expander 50, the male rotor screw 84 and the female rotor screw 85 are supported by rolling bearings 88, 89, and the compression ratio in each compressor 10 or the expansion ratio in each expander 50 is set so that the differential pressure is equal to or less than a first predetermined pressure. The first predetermined pressure is a pressure at which a radial load and a thrust load generated in the male rotor screw 84 and the female rotor screw 85 due to the differential pressure do not exceed an allowable load in the rolling bearings 88, 89.

Description

Multi-stage screw rotary machine and compressed air storage power generation device

The present invention relates to a multi-stage screw rotary machine and a compressed air storage power generation device.

Power generation using renewable energy such as wind power or solar power depends on weather conditions, so the output may not be stable. To get the required power in a timely manner, it is necessary to use an energy storage system. As an example of such a system, for example, a compressed air storage (CAES) power generation device is known.

The CAES power generator uses renewable energy to drive a compressor with an electric motor to generate compressed air, stores the compressed air in a tank, etc., and uses the compressed air to generate a turbine generator with an expander when necessary. It is a device that drives and generates electricity.

Patent Document 1 discloses a CAES power generation device provided with a screw rotary machine as a compressor and an expander in multiple stages.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-008726

An object of the present invention is to secure durability while adopting a rolling bearing for a screw rotary machine having the highest pressure stage in a multi-stage screw rotary machine equipped with a screw rotary machine in multiple stages.

The present invention
It is equipped with a multi-stage screw rotation machine that compresses or expands the fluid with a pair of rotating male and female low-task crus.
In each screw rotary machine, the pair of male low screw and female low screw are supported by rolling bearings.
The compression ratio or expansion ratio of each screw rotary machine is set so that the differential pressure between the intake port and the discharge port of each screw rotary machine is equal to or less than the first predetermined pressure.
The first predetermined pressure is a multi-stage screw rotary machine in which the radial load and thrust load generated in the male low task cru and the female low task cru due to the differential pressure do not exceed the allowable load in the rolling bearing. offer.

According to the present invention, the differential pressure at the entrance and exit of the screw rotary machine is set to be equal to or less than the first predetermined pressure at which the load generated in the low task cru due to the differential pressure does not exceed the allowable load of the rolling bearing. .. Therefore, the durability of the bearing can be ensured while adopting the rolling bearing. By supporting the low task cru with rolling bearings, the support accuracy of the low task cru is improved and the runout is reduced as compared with the case where the low task cru is supported by the slide bearing. As a result, the gap between the pair of low task crus can be reduced while suppressing interference, so that the amount of energy can be increased during compression and the decrease in the amount of energy can be suppressed during expansion.

Further, the rolling bearing only needs to have a lubricating oil or a lubricating material such as grease interposed in the sliding portion, and does not require the formation of an oil film by the lubricating oil unlike the sliding bearing. Therefore, in the rolling bearing, it is easy to maintain the lubrication state of the sliding portion properly and to secure the durability of the bearing even under the usage condition in which the low task clue frequently repeats starting (rotating) and stopping. In particular, the above effect is preferably exhibited when start / stop occurs frequently, such as when renewable energy generated by solar power generation or wind power generation is converted into compressed air by a multi-stage screw rotary machine and stored. ..

Furthermore, by limiting the differential pressure, the internal parts such as low screw and bearing that make up each screw rotation machine are less likely to have special specifications, and it is easy to adopt existing standard products. On the other hand, only the casing may be configured as a special product so as to satisfy a desired pressure resistance strength according to the discharge pressure or the supply pressure. Therefore, since the main part of the screw rotating machine can be configured with a standard product, it is easy to reduce the cost.

A plurality of the screw rotation machines having at least four stages or more are provided.
The plurality of screw rotary machines include a maximum pressure stage screw rotation machine located at the highest pressure stage and a next high pressure stage screw rotation machine located on the low pressure stage side.
The compression ratio or expansion ratio in the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine may be set so that the differential pressure is equal to or higher than the second predetermined pressure.

According to this configuration, since the differential pressure of the screw rotating machine on the maximum pressure stage side is appropriately set, the number of stages of the screw rotating machine for achieving the desired compression pressure or expansion pressure is excessively increased. Is suppressed.

The maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine are respectively.
The male low task cru has four teeth and has four teeth.
The female low task clue may have 6 teeth.

According to this configuration, the effect of the above invention is suitably exhibited in a screw rotary machine in which the male low-task cru has four teeth and the female low-task cru has six teeth.

Each of the screw rotary machines is equipped with a balance piston that resists the thrust load.
The balance piston may be common to the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine.

According to this configuration, in each of the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine in which the differential pressure between the entrance and exit is set to be substantially equal, the thrust load generated in the low screw due to the differential pressure is also approximately equal. .. Therefore, in these screw rotary machines, the balance piston that resists the thrust load can be standardized, so that it is not necessary to individually design the balance piston, and the cost can be reduced by standardization.

Each of the screw rotating machines is provided with a sealing portion that seals the internal pressure of the casing from the outside.
The seal portion may be common to the maximum pressure stage screw rotation machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotation machine.

According to this configuration, the seal part of the highest pressure stage screw rotary machine, which requires the highest sealing performance, is diverted to the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine, which requires the next highest pressure resistance. As a result, the seal portion can be standardized, and it is not necessary to individually design the seal portion, so that the cost can be reduced by standardization.

The screw rotating machine comprises a casing that accommodates the pair of male and female low screw and delimits a compression chamber or expansion chamber that compresses or expands the fluid, respectively.
The casing may be common to the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine.

According to this configuration, the casing of the highest pressure stage screw rotary machine, which requires the highest pressure resistance performance, is diverted to the next high pressure stage screw rotation machine, which requires the next highest pressure resistance performance. As a result, the casing can be standardized, and it is not necessary to design the casing individually, so that the cost can be reduced by standardizing.

A cooling jacket may not be formed on the casing of the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine.

According to this configuration, when a multi-stage screw rotary machine is used as a compressor, the compression ratio is set so that the differential pressure is equal to or less than the first predetermined pressure, so that the compression ratio is unlikely to increase. Therefore, it is not necessary to cool the casing because the temperature rise due to compression is small. Further, in the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine, cast steel may be adopted as the casing material due to the high internal pressure of the casing, but it is easy to secure the castability of the casing by not forming the jacket.

In addition, other aspects of the present invention are
With multiple motors,
A plurality of compressors that are mechanically connected to the plurality of motors and are fluidly connected in multiple stages to compress air.
A pressure accumulator that is fluidly connected to the plurality of compressors and stores compressed air compressed by the plurality of compressors.
A plurality of expanders fluidly connected to the accumulator and driven by the compressed air supplied from the accumulator.
It comprises the plurality of expanders and a generator mechanically connected to the plurality of expanders.
At least one of the plurality of compressors and the plurality of expanders is provided with a screw rotating machine in multiple stages.
Each screw rotary machine has a pair of male low screw and female low screw supported by rolling bearings.
The compression ratio or expansion ratio of each screw rotary machine is set so that the differential pressure between the intake port and the discharge port of each screw rotary machine is equal to or less than the first predetermined pressure.
The first predetermined pressure is a pressure at which the radial load and the thrust load generated in the male low task cru and the female low task cru due to the differential pressure do not exceed the allowable load in the rolling bearing. offer.

According to the present invention, the effect of the present invention is suitably exhibited in a compressed air storage power generation device having a multi-stage screw rotary machine.

According to the present invention, in a multi-stage screw rotary machine equipped with a multi-stage screw rotary machine, durability can be ensured while adopting a rolling bearing for the screw rotary machine of the highest pressure stage.

The schematic block diagram of the CAES power generation apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing which passes through the axis of a pair of low task crus of a 3rd compressor. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG. Sectional drawing which passes through the axis of a pair of low task crus of a 4th compressor.

(Background of invention)
In recent years, in a compressed air storage power generation device equipped with a dry screw rotary machine in multiple stages, a discharge pressure of about 4.5 MPaG has been put into practical use as a maximum discharge pressure. In this case, the compression ratio of each stage is set to be as high as possible within a range in which the discharge temperature does not rise excessively due to compression, out of approximately 2 or more and 3 or less, whereby the increase in the number of stages is suppressed. As a result, the maximum discharge pressure is realized by four-stage compression.

If the compression ratio is set as high as possible within 2 or more and 3 or less, the intake pressure becomes higher in the higher pressure stage, so even if the compression ratio is about the same, it is between the intake port and the discharge port of the screw rotary machine. The differential pressure of is increased. As a result, in a screw rotary machine with the highest pressure stage, the radial load and thrust load generated in the rotor due to the increase in differential pressure become excessive, so the rotor is supported by a slide bearing that has a larger load capacity than rolling bearings. Has been done.

In the screw rotary machine with the highest pressure stage in the multi-stage screw rotary machine, if the rotor support is composed of slide bearings, the following disadvantages exist.

First, when the screw rotary machine is configured by a dry type, it is necessary to secure a gap so that the male rotor and the female rotor do not come into contact with each other. In addition, when the male rotor and female rotor are supported by slide bearings, the support accuracy is inferior to that of rolling bearings. Therefore, in consideration of shaft runout, a wider gap between the male rotor and female rotor is secured. There is a need. As a result, when the screw rotary machine located at the maximum pressure stage is configured by a dry type, the performance tends to deteriorate due to the increase in the gap.

Secondly, the sliding bearing needs to constantly supply the lubricating oil so that an oil film is formed on the sliding portion, but if the supply of the lubricating oil is stopped at the time of stopping, the oil film is likely to run out. If the operation is restarted with the oil film running out, the bearings are likely to be damaged. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure the durability of the slide bearing under the conditions of use where start and stop may occur frequently.

Thirdly, the screw rotary machine located at the highest pressure stage adopts a slide bearing due to the high differential pressure, and the bearing part is specially designed, resulting in high cost.

Therefore, in order to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of using slide bearings, there is a demand to use rolling bearings for screw rotary machines with the highest pressure stage.

Hereinafter, the compressed air storage (CAES) power generation device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings.

In the CAES power generation device 1 shown in FIG. 1, the power generated by the power generation facility 2 using renewable energy such as wind power or solar power (example of wind power generation in FIG. 1) is stored in the form of compressed air. When necessary, the stored compressed air is used to generate electricity when necessary, and the generated electric power is supplied to the consumer equipment 3 such as a factory or sold to an electric power company.

The CAES power generation device 1 includes a charging unit 4, a discharging unit 5, and a pressure accumulating tank 6. The charging unit 4 generates compressed air using the electric power generated by the power generation facility 2. The accumulator tank 6 stores the compressed air generated by the charging unit 4. The discharge unit 5 uses compressed air to generate electricity when necessary.

The charging unit 4 includes first to fifth compressors (screw rotating machines) 11 to 15 (referred to as compressor 10 when described without distinction), first to fourth electric motors 21 to 24, and first to first. It has 5 heat exchangers 31 to 35. The compressor 10 is a screw rotating machine provided with a pair of male and female low-task crus, and the electric motors 21 to 24 are mechanically connected to the low-task crus. In the present embodiment, the fifth compressor 15 constitutes the highest pressure stage screw rotary machine of the present invention, and the fourth compressor 14 constitutes the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine of the present invention.

In the present embodiment, the first to fifth compressors 11 to 15 are fluidly connected to the five stages. Specifically, the first stage compressor 11, the second stage second compressor 12, the third stage third compressor 13, the fourth stage fourth compressor 14, and the fifth stage. The fifth compressor 15 of the eye is fluidly connected in series in this order. The first to fifth compressors 11 to 15 take in air from the intake ports 11a to 15a, compress the air inside, and discharge the compressed air from the discharge ports 11b to 15b.

The intake port 11a of the first compressor 11 is open to the outside air through the air pipe 41. The discharge port 11b of the first compressor 11 is fluidly connected to the intake port 12a of the second compressor 12 through an air pipe 42. The discharge port 12b of the second compressor 12 is fluidly connected to the intake port 13a of the third compressor 13 through the air pipe 43. The discharge port 13b of the third compressor 13 is fluidly connected to the intake port 14a of the fourth compressor 14 through the air pipe 44. The discharge port 14b of the fourth compressor 14 is fluidly connected to the intake port 15a of the fifth compressor 15 through the air pipe 45. The discharge port 15b of the fifth compressor 15 is fluidly connected to the accumulator tank 6 through an air pipe 46.

The first electric motor 21 is mechanically connected to the first and second compressors 11 and 12, and the first and second compressors 11 and 12 are rotationally driven by using the electric power generated by the power generation facility 2. do. Similarly, the second to fourth electric motors 22 to 24 rotate and drive the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15, respectively.

The first to fifth heat exchangers 31 to 35 are provided in the air pipes 42 to 46, respectively, and cool the compressed air discharged from the first to fifth compressors 11 to 15 located on the upstream side. Each of the first to fifth heat exchangers 31 to 35 lowers the compressed and heated compressed air to, for example, 40 ° to 45 °.

The first compressor 11 takes in air from the outside air and compresses it. The second compressor 12 further compresses the compressed air compressed by the first compressor 11. The third compressor 13 further compresses the compressed air compressed by the second compressor 12. The fourth compressor 14 further compresses the compressed air compressed by the third compressor 13. The fifth compressor 15 further compresses the compressed air compressed by the fourth compressor 14. The compressed air compressed by the fifth compressor 15 is stored in the accumulator tank 6.

Therefore, in the charging unit 4, a multi-stage compressor (multi-stage screw rotary machine) in which the first to fifth compressors 11 to 15 are arranged in multiple stages is configured. As a result, in the charging unit 4, the air taken in from the atmosphere is gradually compressed from the first compressor 11 toward the fifth compressor 15, and the pressure rises. The mass flow rate of compressed air does not change at each stage, but the volumetric flow rate of compressed air decreases as it is compressed. Therefore, when a plurality of first to fifth compressors 11 to 15 are configured according to the required air flow rate, the number may be reduced toward the high pressure stage.

The discharge unit 5 includes the first to fifth expanders (screw rotary machines) 51 to 55 (referred to simply as the expander 50 when described without distinction), and the first to fourth generators which are rotationally driven by these. It has 61 to 64. The expander 50 is a screw rotating machine provided with a pair of male and female low-task crus, and generators 61 to 64 are mechanically connected to the low-task crus. In the present embodiment, the first expander 51 constitutes the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine, and the second expander 52 constitutes the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine.

In this embodiment, the first to fifth expanders 51 to 55 are fluidly connected to the five stages. Specifically, the first inflator 51 in the first stage, the second inflator 52 in the second stage, the third inflator 53 in the third stage, the fourth inflator 54 in the fourth stage, and the fifth stage. The fifth expander 55 of the eye is fluidly connected in series in this order. In the first to fifth expanders 51 to 55, compressed air is supplied from the air supply ports 51a to 55a, the compressed air is expanded inside, and the air is exhausted from the exhaust ports 51b to 55b.

The accumulator tank 6 is fluidly connected to the air supply port 51a of the first expander 51 through the air pipe 71. The exhaust port 51b of the first expander 51 is fluidly connected to the intake port 52a of the second expander 52 through an air pipe 72. The exhaust port 52b of the second expander 52 is fluidly connected to the air supply port 53a of the third expander 53 through the air pipe 73. The exhaust port 53b of the third expander 53 is fluidly connected to the air supply port 54a of the fourth expander 54 through the air pipe 74. The exhaust port 54b of the fourth expander 54 is fluidly connected to the air supply port 55a of the fifth expander 55 through the air pipe 75. The exhaust port 55b of the fifth expander 55 is open to the outside air through the air pipe 76.

The fourth generator 64 is mechanically connected to the fifth expander 55 and the fourth expander 54, and is driven by the fifth expander 55 and the fourth expander 54 using the compressed air supplied. To generate electricity. Similarly, the second and third generators 62, 63 are driven by the second and third expanders 52, 53 to generate electricity. The first generator 61 is driven by the first expander 51 to generate electricity.

Therefore, in the discharge unit 5, a multi-stage expander (multi-stage screw rotary machine) in which the first to fifth expanders 51 to 55 are arranged in multiple stages is configured. As a result, in the discharge unit 5, the compressed air supplied from the accumulator tank 6 is gradually expanded from the first expander 51 toward the fifth expander 55, and the pressure drops. Although the mass flow rate of compressed air does not change in each stage, the volumetric flow rate of compressed air increases as it expands. Therefore, when a plurality of first to fifth expanders 11 to 15 are configured according to the required air flow rate, the number may be increased toward the low pressure stage.

FIG. 2 shows a horizontal cross section of the third compressor 13 passing through the axis of a pair of low task crus. Hereinafter, the schematic structure of the compressor 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 by taking the third compressor 13 as an example.

The third compressor 13 has a rotor casing 81 and a bearing casing 82, and has a compression chamber 83 defined by a cylindrical inner peripheral surface 81a of the rotor casing 81. A pair of male low task cru 84 and female low task cru 85 are housed in the compression chamber 83. By rotating the pair of male low task cru 84 and female low task cru 85 in a state of being meshed with each other, the third compressor 13 takes in air from the intake port 13a, compresses it in the compression chamber 83, and causes it from the discharge port 13b. Discharge.

As shown by a virtual line in FIG. 2, the intake port 13a is located corresponding to the left end portion of the compression chamber 83, and the discharge port 13b is located corresponding to the right end portion of the compression chamber 83. Therefore, the compressed air is compressed in the compression chamber 83 toward the discharge port 13b from the intake port 13a, and the pressure gradually increases. In the following description, the direction from the intake port 13a to the discharge port 13b is referred to as a high pressure side, and the direction from the discharge port 13b to the intake port 13a is referred to as a low pressure side in the axial direction of the low task clew 84, 85.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG. 2, showing a cross section orthogonal to the axis of the pair of male low task cru 84 and female low task cru 85. In FIG. 3, only the inner peripheral surface 81a of the rotor casing 81 is shown. In this embodiment, the male low task cru 84 has a four-toothed shape and the female low-task cru 85 has a six-toothed shape. The compressor 10 according to the present embodiment is a dry type in which lubricating oil is not supplied into the compression chamber 83. Therefore, a predetermined gap C is secured between the inner peripheral surface 81a of the rotor casing 81, the male low task cru 84, and the female low task cru 85, respectively, to prevent mutual interference.

As shown in FIG. 2, a cooling jacket 81b through which a cooling medium (for example, water) is refluxed is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the rotor casing 81. The cooling jacket 81b prevents thermal deformation of the rotor casing 81 due to an excessive temperature rise of the compressed air in the compression chamber 83. This also suppresses the interference between the inner peripheral surface 81a of the rotor casing 81 and the low task crus 84 and 85.

The male low-pressure clew 84 has a high-pressure side male rotor shaft 86 extending from the high-pressure side end in the axial direction to the high-pressure side, and a low-pressure side male rotor shaft 87 extending from the low-pressure side end in the axial direction to the low-pressure side. ing. The high-pressure side male rotor shaft 86 has a first rotor shaft 86a located on the proximal end side and a second rotor shaft 86b located on the distal end side and having a smaller diameter than the first rotor shaft 86a. Similarly, the low pressure side male rotor shaft 87 has a first rotor shaft 87a located on the proximal end side and a second rotor shaft 87b located on the distal end side and having a smaller diameter than the first rotor shaft 87a. There is.

An air seal portion 92 located on the proximal end side and an oil seal portion 93 located on the distal end side are attached to the first rotor shafts 86a and 87a, respectively. The air seal portion 92 seals the compression chamber 83 with respect to the outside, and is appropriately selected based on the pressure of the compression chamber 83. The oil seal portion 93 prevents the lubricating oil applied or supplied to the bearings 88 and 89, which will be described later, from leaking to the compression chamber 83 side.

Bearings 88 and 89 are attached to the second rotor shafts 86b and 87b, respectively. The male low task crown 84 is pivotally supported on the rotor casing 81 via the bearing 88 on the second rotor shaft 86b, and pivotally supported on the bearing casing 82 via the bearing 89 on the second rotor shaft 87b. There is.

The bearings 88 and 89 are located on the proximal end side of the second rotor shafts 86b and 87b and can support the radial load, respectively, and the radial bearings 88a and 89a are located on the distal end side and can support the thrust load. Includes bearings 88b, 89b. The radial bearings 88a and 89a are roller bearings, and the thrust bearings 88b and 89b are ball bearings. Therefore, the bearings 88 and 89 are all composed of rolling bearings.

A driven gear 90 is attached to the end of the male low-pressure cru 84 on the high-pressure side, that is, the end of the second rotor shaft 86b so that it cannot rotate relative to each other. The driven gear 90 meshes with the drive gear 22a (see FIG. 1) of the second motor 22, and the driving force of the second motor 22 is transmitted to rotate the male low task clew 84. A timing gear 91a is attached to the low-pressure side end of the male low-speed clew 84, that is, the tip of the second rotor shaft 87b so as not to rotate relative to each other.

The female low task clue 85 is also configured in the same manner, and has a high-pressure side female rotor shaft 96 and a low-pressure side female rotor shaft 97 extending in the axial direction from both ends in the axial direction, respectively. The high-pressure side female rotor shaft 96 and the low-pressure side female rotor shaft 97 have first rotor shafts 96a and 97a located on the proximal end side and second rotor shafts 96b and 97b located on the distal end side and having a small diameter, respectively. ing. An air seal portion 92 and an oil seal portion 93 are attached to the first rotor shafts 96a and 97a. The female low-task clue 85 is pivotally supported on the rotor casing 81 and the bearing casing 82 in the second rotor shafts 96b and 97b via the radial bearings 88a and 89a and the thrust bearings 88b and 89b.

A timing gear 91b is attached to the end of the female low-speed clue 85 on the low pressure side, that is, the tip of the second rotor shaft 97b so that it cannot rotate relative to each other. The timing gear 91b meshes with the timing gear 91a attached to the male low task clew 84. Therefore, the female low task cru 85 rotates in synchronization with the rotation of the male low task cru 84, and interference in each tooth portion is prevented.

Furthermore, a balance piston 98 is attached to the end of the male low task cru 84 on the low pressure side. The balance piston 98 uses compressed air supplied from a compressor (not shown) from the pneumatic inlet 99 to apply a force against the thrust force (pushing pressure) acting on the male low task cru 84 to the male low task cru 84. That is, the balance piston 98 reduces the thrust force acting on the thrust bearings 88b and 89b.

Here, a load in the radial direction and the thrust direction acts on the male low task cru 84 and the female low task cru 85 due to the difference between the suction pressure at the intake port 13a and the discharge pressure at the discharge port 13b. The larger the differential pressure, the larger the load. Therefore, the bearings 88 and 89 take into consideration the load acting on the low task crus 84 and 85 due to the differential pressure and the reaction force due to the balance piston 98, and the respective bearings are more than the loads in the radial direction and the thrust direction. It is selected so that the allowable load of 88 and 89 is large.

In the present embodiment, the load acting on the low task crus 84 and 85 is excessive by setting the compression ratios of the first to fifth compressors 11 to 15 so that the differential pressure does not exceed the first predetermined pressure. It is prevented from becoming too high. Specifically, the compression ratios of the first to fifth compressors 11 to 15 are set so that the first predetermined pressure does not exceed the allowable load of the rolling bearing so that the load generated on the low task crus 84 and 85 due to the differential pressure does not exceed the allowable load. Set each. In the present embodiment, the male low task cru 84 has four teeth and the female low task cru 85 has six teeth. Therefore, if the differential pressure is 1.3 MPa or less as an actual value, the allowable load in the rolling bearing may not be exceeded. I know. Therefore, the first predetermined pressure is set to 1.3 MPa.

Table 1 shows the main specifications of the 1st to 5th compressors 11 to 15. The specifications of the first to fifth compressors 11 to 15 will be described with reference to Table 1.

The first compressor 11 compresses the air taken in from the outside from the atmospheric pressure to 0.4 MPa. The second compressor 12 further compresses the compressed air discharged from the first compressor 11 to 1.0 MPa. The third compressor 13 further compresses the compressed air discharged from the second compressor 12 to 2.1 MPa. The fourth compressor 14 further compresses the compressed air discharged from the third compressor 13 to 3.3 MPa. The fifth compressor 15 further compresses the compressed air discharged from the fourth compressor 14 to 4.5 MPa.

Regarding the compression ratio, the first compressor 11 is approximately 3.5, which is the largest, the second compressor 12 is approximately 3.0, which is the next largest, and the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15 are the smallest, approximately 2. It is less than or equal to 0.0. In the present embodiment, the rotor set of specification A having the largest compression ratio is adopted for the first compressor 11, and the rotor set of specification B having the next largest compression ratio is adopted for the second compressor 12. The rotor set of specification C having the smallest compression ratio is commonly used in the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15. Therefore, three types of rotor sets having different compression ratios, specifications A to C, are adopted. Although the same rotor set is adopted in the specification C, a desired compression ratio is realized by appropriately setting the position and size of each discharge port. In the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15, the compression ratio is set to approximately 2 or less.

Regarding the differential pressure, the first compressor 11 is the smallest, the second compressor 12 is the second smallest, and the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15 are the largest. In the present embodiment, since the first compressor 11 has a small differential pressure, the thrust force due to the differential pressure is also small, so that the first compressor 11 is not provided with a balance piston. On the other hand, the second compressor having a differential pressure of 0.7 MPa is provided with a balance piston 98 of the specification I, and the differential pressure exceeds 1 MPa and is 1.2 MPa or less, which is substantially the same size. The fifth compressors 13 to 15 are provided with the balance piston 98 of the specification II in common.

The discharge pressure is gradually increased from the first compressor 11 to the fifth compressor 15. Regarding the material of the rotor casing 81, cast iron (for example, FC250) is adopted as a material that can withstand the discharge pressure in the first to third compressors 11 to 13 having a discharge pressure of about 2 MPa or less, and the discharge pressure is 3. Cast steel (for example, 13Cr system) is used for the 4th and 5th compressors 14 and 15 exceeding 0 MPa. As described above, since the rotor sets of the first to third compressors 11 to 13 are different, the rotor casing 81 is also different from the specifications a to c, respectively. On the other hand, since the fourth and fifth compressors 14 and 15 have the same rotor set, the rotor casing 81 also has the same specification d.

Further, the air seal portion 92 is also set in relation to the discharge pressure. As described above, since the rotor sets of the first and second compressors 11 and 12 are different, the air seal portion 92 is also different from the specifications 1 and 2, respectively. On the other hand, since the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15 have a common rotor set, the air seal portion 92 of the specification 3 is commonly set. The air seal portion 92 of the specification 3 is selected so as to withstand the fifth compressor 15 having the highest discharge pressure and the strictest sealing condition, and the discharge pressure is lower than that of the fifth compressor 15, so that the sealing condition is satisfied. Can be used in loose third and fourth compressors 13, 14.

Here, by limiting the differential pressure to the first predetermined pressure or less, the compression ratio becomes smaller as the compressor 10 is located in the high pressure stage where the pressure at the intake port becomes higher. Specifically, the compression ratio of the fifth compressor 15 (highest pressure stage screw rotary machine) located in the highest pressure stage is 1.4, and then the fourth compressor 14 (second high pressure stage) located in the high pressure stage. The compression ratio of the screw rotary machine) is set as low as 1.6.

Further, in the present embodiment, the differential pressure on the high pressure stage side is set to be equal to or higher than the second predetermined pressure. In the present embodiment, the second predetermined pressure is 0.9 MPa.

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view similar to that of FIG. 2 of the fourth compressor 14. The same components as those of the third compressor 13 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. As shown in FIG. 4, the fourth compressor 14 does not need to cool the rotor casing 81 because the temperature rise due to compression in the compression chamber 83 is small as a result of the low compression ratio. Therefore, unlike the third compressor 13, a cooling jacket is not formed on the rotor casing 81 of the fourth compressor 14 (specification d in Table 1 above).

The fifth compressor 15 is the same as the fourth compressor 14 except that the position and / or size of the discharge port 15b is different. Therefore, the 4th and 5th compressors 14 and 15 have the same material as the cast rotor casing 81, and only the discharge ports 14b and 15b are formed due to the difference in machining.

The first to fifth expanders 51 to 55 differ from the first to fifth compressors 11 to 15 in that the rotation direction is opposite, and the others are configured in the same manner. Therefore, the description of the first to fifth expanders 51 to 55 will be omitted. In the expander 50, the compression ratios of the first to fifth compressors 11 to 15 can be read and applied to the expansion ratios of the fifth to first expanders 55 to 51, respectively. Further, the compression chamber 83 in the compressor 10 is read as the expansion chamber in the expander 50.

According to the CAES power generation device 1 according to the present embodiment, the following effects are obtained. Although the following effects have been described for the compressor 10, they also occur in the expander 50.

(1) By appropriately setting the compression ratio of the compressor 10, the differential pressure between the intake port 10a and the discharge port 10b of the compressor 10 causes the load generated on the low task crus 84 and 85 due to the differential pressure. The allowable load of the rolling bearings 88 and 89 is not exceeded and the pressure is equal to or less than the first predetermined pressure. Therefore, the durability of the bearings 88 and 89 can be ensured while adopting the bearings 88 and 89 which are rolling bearings. By supporting the low task crus 84 and 85 with rolling bearings 88 and 89, the support accuracy of the low task crus 84 and 85 is improved and the runout is reduced as compared with the case where the low task crus 84 and 85 are supported by the slide bearings. As a result, the gap C (see FIG. 3) between the pair of low task crus 84 and 85 can be reduced while suppressing interference, so that the amount of energy can be increased during compression.

In the present embodiment, the compressor 10 has four teeth for the male rotor and six teeth for the female rotor. Therefore, in the compressor used, the differential pressure is 1.3 MPa, which has a proven record in the market as a rolling bearing. It is set to the following. Therefore, the effect of the above invention is preferably exhibited.

(2) The bearings 88 and 89, which are rolling bearings, need only have a lubricating oil or a lubricating material such as grease interposed in the sliding portion, and do not require the formation of an oil film by the lubricating oil unlike the sliding bearing. For this reason, the rolling bearings 88 and 89 are durable because it is easy to maintain an appropriate lubrication state of the sliding portion even under usage conditions in which the low task crus 84 and 85 frequently repeat start (rotation) and stop. Easy to secure. In particular, the above effect is preferably exhibited when start-up and stoppage can occur frequently, such as when the CAES power generation device 1 converts renewable energy from solar power generation or wind power generation into compressed air and stores it. Will be done.

(3) By limiting the differential pressure of the compressor 10, the built-in components such as the low task cru 84, 85, bearings 88, 89, etc. of each compressor 10 are less likely to have special specifications, and the existing standard products are adopted. Cheap. On the other hand, the rotor casing 81 may be configured as a dedicated product so as to satisfy a desired withstand voltage according to the discharge pressure. Therefore, since the main part of the compressor 10 can be configured with a standard product, it is easy to reduce the cost.

(4) The differential pressure of the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15 located on the high pressure stage side is appropriately set. Specifically, the respective compression ratios are set so that the differential pressure in the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15 located on the high pressure stage side is 0.9 MPa or more. This prevents the number of stages of the compressor 10 from being excessively increased in order to realize compressed air at a desired pressure.

(5) Since the compression ratios of the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15 located on the high pressure stage side are set to approximately 2.0 or less, it is suppressed that the differential pressures of each are excessively increased. Therefore, it is easy to be limited to the first set pressure or less.

(6) In each of the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15 in which the differential pressure is set to be substantially equal, the thrust load generated in the low task crus 84 and 85 due to the differential pressure is also substantially equal. Therefore, in the third to fifth compressors 13 to 15, the balance piston 98 that resists the thrust load can be standardized, so that it is not necessary to individually design the balance piston 98, and the cost can be reduced by standardization.

(7) The air seal portion 92 of the fifth compressor 15 located at the highest pressure stage where the highest sealing performance is required, the fourth compressor 14 which requires the next highest pressure resistance performance, and the next highest pressure resistance performance. It is also diverted to the required third compressor 13. As a result, the air seal portion 92 can be standardized, and it is not necessary to individually design the air seal portion 92, so that the cost can be reduced by standardization.

(8) The rotor casing 81 of the fifth compressor 15 located at the highest compression stage where the highest withstand voltage performance is required is also diverted to the fourth compressor 14 which requires the next highest withstand voltage performance. As a result, the rotor casing 81 can be standardized, and it is not necessary to individually design the rotor casing 81, so that the cost can be reduced by standardization.

(9) Since the fourth and fifth compressors 14 and 15 are required to have pressure resistance, the rotor casing 81 is made of cast steel, but the flow of hot water in casting is inferior to that of cast iron. Therefore, there is a drawback that it is difficult to form a complicated shape. However, in the present embodiment, the rotor casings 81 of the 4th and 5th compressors 14 and 15 are not formed with a cooling jacket that is not easy to form by casting. Therefore, in the 4th and 5th compressors 14 and 15, deterioration of manufacturability is suppressed while the rotor casing 81 is formed of cast steel.

In the above embodiment, the charging unit 4 is configured by five-stage compression including the first to fifth compressors 11 to 15, but the present invention is not limited to this. It may be a 4-stage compression, or a compression may be configured with 6 or more stages.

In the above embodiment, the combination of low task clue is composed of a combination of 4 male teeth and 6 female teeth, but the present invention is not limited to this.

The compressor and the expander may be integrally configured as a compression / expansion combined machine, and the motor and the generator may be integrally configured as an electric power generation combined machine. According to this configuration, the installation space can be reduced and the cost can be reduced as compared with the case where the compressor and the expander are separately provided. Similarly, as compared with the case where the motor and the generator are separately provided, the installation space can be reduced and the cost can be reduced.

Although the specific embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention.

1 CAES power generator 6 Accumulation tank 10 Compressor 11-15 1st-5th compressor 21-24 1st-4th motor 31-35 1st-5th heat exchanger 50 Expander 51-55 1st-5th 5 Expanders 61-64 1st to 4th generators 81 Rotor casing 82 Bearing casing 83 Compressor chamber 84 Male low task cru 85 Female low task cru 88,89 Bearing 92 Air seal part 98 Balance piston

Claims (8)

1. It is equipped with a multi-stage screw rotation machine that compresses or expands the fluid with a pair of rotating male and female low-task crus.
   In each screw rotary machine, the pair of male low screw and female low screw are supported by rolling bearings.
   The compression ratio or expansion ratio of each screw rotary machine is set so that the differential pressure between the intake port and the discharge port of each screw rotary machine is equal to or less than the first predetermined pressure.
   The first predetermined pressure is a multi-stage screw rotary machine in which the radial load and thrust load generated in the male low task cru and the female low task cru due to the differential pressure do not exceed the allowable load in the rolling bearing.
2. A plurality of the screw rotation machines having at least four stages or more are provided.
   The plurality of screw rotary machines include a maximum pressure stage screw rotation machine located at the highest pressure stage and a next high pressure stage screw rotation machine located on the low pressure stage side.
   The compression ratio or expansion ratio in the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine are set so that the differential pressure is equal to or higher than the second predetermined pressure, respectively.
   The multi-stage screw rotary machine according to claim 1.
3. The maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine are respectively.
   The male low task cru has four teeth and has four teeth.
   The female low task cru has 6 teeth.
   The multi-stage screw rotary machine according to claim 2.
4. Each of the screw rotary machines is equipped with a balance piston that resists the thrust load.
   The balance piston is common to the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine.
   The multi-stage screw rotary machine according to claim 2 or 3.
5. Each of the screw rotating machines is provided with a sealing portion that seals the internal pressure of the casing from the outside.
   The seal portion is common to the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine.
   The multi-stage screw rotary machine according to claim 2 or 3.
6. The screw rotating machine comprises a casing that accommodates the pair of male and female low screw and delimits a compression chamber or expansion chamber that compresses or expands the fluid, respectively.
   The casing is common to the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine.
   The multi-stage screw rotary machine according to claim 2 or 3.
7. A cooling jacket is not formed on the casing in the maximum pressure stage screw rotary machine and the next high pressure stage screw rotary machine.
   The multi-stage screw rotary machine according to claim 6.
8. With multiple motors,
   A plurality of compressors that are mechanically connected to the plurality of motors and are fluidly connected in multiple stages to compress air.
   A pressure accumulator that is fluidly connected to the plurality of compressors and stores compressed air compressed by the plurality of compressors.
   A plurality of expanders fluidly connected to the accumulator and driven by the compressed air supplied from the accumulator.
   It comprises the plurality of expanders and a generator mechanically connected to the plurality of expanders.
   At least one of the plurality of compressors and the plurality of expanders is provided with a screw rotating machine in multiple stages.
   Each screw rotary machine has a pair of male low screw and female low screw supported by rolling bearings.
   The compression ratio or expansion ratio of each screw rotary machine is set so that the differential pressure between the intake port and the discharge port of each screw rotary machine is equal to or less than the first predetermined pressure.
   The first predetermined pressure is a compressed air storage power generation device in which the radial load and thrust load generated in the male low task cru and the female low task cru due to the differential pressure do not exceed the allowable load in the rolling bearing.

Images