WO2022064523A1

WO2022064523A1 - Surface modified carbon black grades to improve performance of rubber compounds

Info

Publication number: WO2022064523A1
Application number: PCT/IN2021/050934
Authority: WO
Inventors: Atanu Talukdar; Nityanarayan KUNTI; Amit Chakrabarti; Mosongo MOUKWA
Original assignee: Phillips Carbon Black Limited
Priority date: 2020-09-22
Filing date: 2021-09-22
Publication date: 2022-03-31

Abstract

A rubber compound comprising functionalized carbon black, wherein the carbon black is functionalized by at least one functionalizing agent having formula: [R¹ _a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_c[F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_2n+1, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, and 'R¹' represents hydrogen or hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_2n+1, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, R² is (CS₁S₂) wherein C is carbon, S₁ and S₂ are hydrogen or straight or branched saturated carbon and hydrogen containing organic group having 1 to 3 carbon. 'X' represents silicon, 'F' is a group from thiocyanate (-SCN), chloride (-Cl), primary amine (-NH₂), thionyl ( -SH), wherein 'd' is 1 or sulfide, such as -S2- to -S8- group, wherein 'd' is 2. 'a' is 0, 1 or 2 'b' is 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 and 'c' is 1 or 2. and provides improvement in dynamic mechanical property, abrasion resistance, heat build-up property.

Description

Title: SURFACE MODI FI ED CARBON BLACK GRADES TO I MPROVE PERFORMANCE OF RUBBER COMPOUNDS

Field of I nventlon

The present invention relates to preparation of a functionalized carbon black and incorporation of the same into rubber compounds to improve dynamic mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, and heat buildup.

Background of the I nvention

The carbon black, as reinforcing filler, provides strength, modulus, and abrasion resistance in rubber vulcanizate compounds. The performance of carbon blacks as reinforcing filler for rubber compounds depends on its properties, such as particle size, surface area, structure, aggregate size distribution, surface activity etc. The reinforcing mechanism of carbon black is based on interaction of carbon black with rubber molecules, adsorption of rubber molecules on carbon black surface, entanglement of rubber molecules with carbon black, reaction of carbon black surface functional groups with rubber molecules etc.

The incorporation of carbon black in rubber improves strength of the final rubber compounds, however, such incorporation of carbon black in rubber compounds results in higher heat buildup, high hysteresis energy loss of the compounds due to filler-filler interactions. It is highly desirable to reduce fillerfiller interaction for carbon black filled rubber compounds, which can be achieved by increasing the filler-polymer interaction. Carbon black with surface functional groups interacts with rubber molecules resulting in better filler- polymer interaction, thereby reduces the filler-filler interaction and henceforth the hysteresis energy loss of the compound is reduced. Different approaches including treatment of carbon black with organo-silicon compounds is reported on modification or functionalization of carbon black to reduce the hysteresis energy loss, and to improve of dynamic mechanical property.

The US patent US5494955 reported carbon black and orgono-silicon compound as a mixture and incorporated into rubber during compounding. The US patents US3227675 and US4128438 disclosed the improvement of rubber performance by treatment of carbon black using organo-silicon compound but in presence of silica which is a constituent of the rubber composition, wherein silica is functionalized with organo-silicon compound and carbon black acts as the carrier of organo-silicon liquid compounds. The US patent US5159009 described a method to modify carbon black with functionalization using organo-silicon compounds and demonstrated their performance in different rubber systems.

The amount of organosilicon compounds used to functionalize carbon black in US5159009 patent is 12 wt%, which is high and there is still scope to modify carbon black in a more cost effective way using much less organo-silicon compound targeting well balanced better performance in rubber compounds. The present invention discloses cost effective functionalization of carbon black with well-balanced improvement of rubber performance.

Objective of the I nventlon

Thus the prime objective of the present invention is to provide cost effective functionalized carbon black providing well balanced improvement of rubber performance when incorporated.

Preferred objective of the present invention is to provide said modified carbon blacks for rubber reinforcement and rubber composition which would be obtained by modification with functionalization agents based on silicon, zirconium, tellurium ; acid and amine containing organic compounds.

Another object of the present invention is to develop rubber compounds comprising said modified carbon black.

Another object of the present invention is to develop said rubber compounds which would exhibit reduction in hysteresis loss, either without scarifying wear resistance, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, or by enhancing wear resistance, abrasion resistance and tensile strength.

Summary of I nventlon:

In one embodiment of this invention, carbon black is functionalized with one functionalization agent having formula: [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, and 'R¹' represents hydrogen or hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4,

'R²' is (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and '82' are hydrogen or straight or branched saturated carbon and hydrogen containing organic group having 1 to 3 carbon.

'X' represents silicon,

'F' may be a group from thiocyanate (-SCN), or chloride (-Cl), or primary amine (-NH₂), or thiol ( -SH), wherein 'd' is 1 or sulfide, such as -S₂- to -S₈- group, wherein 'd' is 2.

'a' may be 0, 1 or 2

'b' may be 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 wherein, the said functionalized carbon black when incorporated in a rubber improved the dynamic mechanical, abrasion and heat build-up property of the rubber compounds.

In one embodiment, the carbon black is treated with 1 wt% to 5 wt% of functionalizing agent for functionalization.

In another embodiment, the functionalized carbon black incorporated in rubber having iodine adsorption number in the range of 24 g/kg to 180 g/kg and oil absorption number in the range of 50 ml/100 g to 150 ml/I OOg, which are produced by functionalization of carbon black having iodine adsorption number in the range of 30 g/kg to 200 g/kg and oil absorption number in the range of 55 ml/100 g to 160 ml/100g.

Yet in another embodiment, the functionalized carbon black is mixed with the functionalizing agent in a blender or in the pelletizer when pelletized after carbon black manufacturing for 5 to 30 minutes, wherein the carbon black and functionalizing agent mixture is heated at a temperature of 120°C to 200°C, for a period of 15 min to 30 min in an oven or in the dryer during drying of carbon black manufacturing. In one embodiment of the invention, rubber is selected from natural rubber, synthetic rubber, such as emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR), functionalized solution styrene butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR); butadiene rubber (BR) alone or combination of one or more rubber selected from above.

In one embodiment of the invention, the functionalized carbon black is incorporated in the 100 part of rubber in the range of 40 part to 90 part.

In another embodiment the rubber masterbatch comprising the functionalized carbon black are made in a banbury mixer, or kneader, or two roll mill, or extruder or combination of at least two above at a temperature of 120°C to 170°C for a period of 2 min to 10 min.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention natural rubber compounds comprising functionalized carbon black demonstrate reduction of loss tangent value at 60°C between 12% and 23% ; abrasion loss about 20% ; heat build-up about 26%, with respect to natural rubber analogues comprising N234 carbon black.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention it is also observed that SBR-BR compounds comprising functionalized carbon black demonstrate reduction of loss tangent value at 60°C between 15% and 26%; abrasion loss about 20%; heat build-up about 37%, with respect to SBR-BR analogues comprising N234 carbon black.

In other embodiment it is further observed that blend of functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) comprising styrene-butadiene - butadiene rubber (SBR-BR), compounds and functionalized carbon black demonstrate reduction of loss tangent value at 60°C by at least 15%; abrasion loss about 17% ; heat build-up about 31 %, with respect to blend of functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) comprising styrene-butadiene - butadiene rubber (SBR-BR) and N234 carbon black. In other embodiments the functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) compounds comprising functionalized carbon black in accordance to the present invention demonstrate reduction of loss tangent value at 60°C by at least 16%, abrasion loss about 7%; heat build-up about 16% with respect to functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) comprising N234 carbon black.

In other embodiments, the solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), compounds comprising functionalized carbon black demonstrate reduction of loss tangent value at 60°C by at least 21% ; heat build-up about 23%; with respect to solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), comprising N234 carbon black.

The rubber compounds comprising functionalized carbon black can be used in tyre tread to improve dynamic mechanical property, durability of tyre. The invented rubber compounds can be used in applications, such as conveyer belts, transmission belts, moulded rubber compounds, however the application of the rubber compounds is not only limited to the applications mentioned here.

BRI EF DESCRI PTI ON OF Fl CURES

Figure 1 : TGA of toluene extracted functionalized carbon black ACTS with respect to non-extracted ACTS.

Figure 2 : TGA of toluene extracted non-functionalized carbon black N234.

Functionalized carbon black ACTS shows amount of functionalizing agent FA-1 attached chemically is ~ 2.191 wt.%.

Detailed Description of the I nvention:

Incorporation of carbon blacks in rubber compounds may lead to increase in hysteresis energy loss. This increase in hysteresis loss can be reduced by enhancing carbon black - rubber interaction. The present invention discloses the rubber compounds with low hysteresis loss, wherein carbon black is functionalized in accordance to the present invention. The rubber compound in the present invention comprising a functionalized carbon black, wherein the carbon black is functionalized by treatment with select quantity of at least one functionalizing agent having formula: [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, and 'R¹' represents hydrogen or hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4,

'R²' is (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C'' is carbon, 'S₁' and '82' are hydrogen or straight or branched saturated carbon and hydrogen containing organic group having 1 to 3 carbon.

'X' represents silicon, selenium, tellurium, zirconium, preferably silicon

'F' is a group selected from thiocyanate (-SCN), or chloride (-CI), or primary amine (-NH₂), or thiol ( -SH), wherein 'd' is 1 or sulfide, such as -S₂- to -S₈- group, wherein 'd' is 2.

'a' may be 0, 1 or 2

'b' may be 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 provides improvement in dynamic mechanical property, abrasion resistance, heat build-up property when said functionalized carbon black is used in selective quantity with respect to said rubber compound.

The rubber used to make rubber compounds in this invention includes natural rubber (NR), Ribbed Smoke Sheet of ML(1 + 4) 100°C of 50+ - 5, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) containing 20 to 30 wt% styrene, solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) containing about 10 to 30 wt% of bound styrene, functionalized solution styrene butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) containing about 10 to 40 wt% bound styrene, polybutadiene rubber (BR) with ~ 20% cis content, butyl rubber ( I IR), bromobutyl rubber (XIIR), chlorobutyl rubber, polyisoprene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber (ERR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), ethylene (vinyl-acetate) (EVA) rubber containing 32 wt% to 70 wt%, acrylic rubber (ACN), nitrile rubber (NBR) containing 30 wt% to 35 wt% acrylonitrile content, chlorosulfonated rubber (GSM) containing 20 wt% to 30 wt% chlorine, polyurethane rubber (PUR), polysulfide rubber, fluoro rubbers, polysiloxanes of above mentioned rubbers, alone or their blends. In the said rubber blend, the component of rubber varies from 90: 10 to 10:90. A functionalizing agent is a bivalent organometallic material able to form chemical bonds between dissimilar materials and improve interaction between them. In the present invention a functionalizing agent of formula [R¹a- (RO)(3-a) - X - (R²)b]d[F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, and 'R¹' represents hydrogen or hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4,

'R²' is (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' ' is carbon, 'S₁' and '82' are hydrogen or straight or branched saturated carbon and hydrogen containing organic group having 1 to 3 carbon.

'X' represents silicon, selenium, tellurium, zirconium, preferably silicon

'F is a group selected from thiocyanate (-SCN), or chloride (-CI), or primary amine (-NH₂), or thiol ( -SH), wherein 'd' is 1 or sulfide, such as -S₂- to -S₈- group, wherein 'd' is 2.

'a' may be 0, 1 or 2

'b ' may be 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 is used at selective concentration level. The functionalization agent is either partially chemically attached and/or partially physically adsorbed on the carbon black surface. Here the total amount of chemically attached and physically adsorbed functionalizing agent is considered as functionalization of carbon black.

The functionalization of carbon blacks using said functionalizing agent is performed in a blender, wherein the blender is a ribbon blender. The blender is not limited to specifically ribbon blender, other blenders such as drum blender, V blender, hanschel mixer, double cone blender, granulator etc. can also be used for functionalization.

During functionalization of carbon black inside a blender, carbon black paste is made by adding demineralized water, where carbon black and water weight ratio is maintained about 1 :0.5 to about 1 : 1.5, preferably 1 : 1 , using a rotor speed of the blender in the range of 10 to 100 rpm, preferably 15 to 70 rpm, more preferably 20 to 50 rpm for maximum 15 min, preferably maximum 10 min. The water can be added to the carbon black all at a time or water can be added in part in multiple times. The functionalizing agent is added in the carbon black paste at a concentration of 0.1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%, more preferably 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% by spraying at a rate of 50- 250 g/ min, preferably 75- 200 g/min, more preferably 100-150 g/ min with respect to the amount of carbon black.

The mixture of carbon black and functionalization agent is heated at a temperature of 110°C to 250°C, preferably 120°C to 200°C, more preferably 130°C to 160°C for a time period of 15 min to 30 min, more preferably 20 min to 25 min for functionalization. The functionalized carbon black is discharged from the blender and is dried in a hot air oven at a temperature of 105° -120°C for 0.5 to 10 h, preferably 1 to 5 h till removal of moisture. Functionalized carbon black is cooled and packed in an airtight container for further use.

Functionalization of carbon black can also be carried out in carbon black manufacturing plant by mixing carbon black with functionalizing agent in a pelletizer or pin mixer, where the pelletizer or pin mixer is a horizontal continuous mixer composed of a single rotor shaft housed in a stationary cylindrical casing. The shaft is fitted with several pins that extend outward radially, leaving a small clearance between the pin ends and shell's interior diameter. Pins are arranged in a helical pattern that works to advance the material through the mixer. In the pelletizer fluffy powder carbon black is conveyed from reactor in manufacturing plant and then this carbon black is admixed with demineralized water, in the weight ratio of carbon black to water about 1 :0.5 to about 1 : 1.5, preferably in the weight ratio of 1 : 1 , to form carbon black paste inside the pelletizer or pin mixer, followed by incorporation of a binder, such as molasses, or sugar solution, or sodium lignosulfonate or nano- cellulose, or sodium lauryl sulfate, or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, or sodium carboxyethyl cellulose, or poly (vinyl alcohol), or poly (vinyl pyrollidone), or poly (acryl amide) inside the pelletizer to form the pellet of carbon black due to rotation of rotor shaft at a speed of 500 to 600 rpm. The functionalizing agent is added in the carbon black paste at a concentration of 0.1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%, more preferably 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% before injection of the binder in the pelletizer or pin mixer.

It is worth mentioning that the treatment of carbon black with 0.1 wt. % of functionalizing agent did not exhibit improvement of property and the treatment of carbon black with 5 wt. % or more progressively deteriorating the balanced improved performance of rubber compounds.

The carbon black pellet admixed with the functionalizing agent is conveyed from the pelletizer to the dryer, where the dryer is an indirect heated rotary dryer consists principally of an inclined rotating cylinder housed in a furnace along the length the mixture is heated at a temperature of 120°C to 200°C, more preferably 130°C to 160°C for a time period of 15 min to 30 min, more preferably 20 min to 25 min for functionalization and drying of carbon black.

For the present invention, carbon black, is selected from ASTM carbon black of N100 series (N134) or N200 series (N234, N220), or N300 series (N330, N375) or N500 series (N550) or N600 series (N660), or N700 series (N774). It is not required that the carbon back is to be selected from N100, N200, N300, N500, N600 or N700 series. Carbon black with the iodine adsorption number, ranging from 25 g/kg to 250 g/kg, preferably ranging from 30 g/kg to 200 g/kg and oil absorption number is in the range from 40 ml/100 g to 175 ml/100 g, preferably in the range from 55 ml/100 g to 160 m 1/100g can be used.

The rubber compound of this invention comprising functionalized carbon blacks in the range of 25 part to 120, more preferably 40 part to 90 part with respect to 100 part of rubber, wherein carbon black is functionalized with a concentration of 0.1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%, more preferably 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% of functionalization agent with respect to rubber compounds.

The rubber compounds comprising functionalized carbon black further comprise rubber additives selected from curing agent, 1 to 2 part; accelerator, 1 to 2 part; activator, 3 to 5 part; retarder, 0 to 0.2 part; anti-oxidant, 1 to 2 part; anti-degradant, 1 to 2 part; oil, 0-5 part; processing aid, 2 to 3 part; relative to the amount of the total rubber.

The functionalized carbon black and different rubber additives are mixed with predefined rubber in a two stage of rubber compound mixing, wherein in the first stage, a masterbatch compound, i.e. rubber compound without curing agent is prepared in Banbury mixer at a predefined temperature of 150 °C or less, 110 °C or less, 90 °C or less, 75 °C or less, or from about 35 °C to about 75 °C with rubber along with different additives, such as processing aids, activators, anti-oxidants, anti-degradants and oil prepare followed by two roll mixing mill.

The curing agent is added to rubber masterbatch in the second or final stage of mixing at a temperature of 50°C or less, or from 35°C to 50°C, where masterbatch compound is mixed with the curing agents to produce the final batch compound, containing curing agent.

The rubber compound is finally molded at a temperature of 130°C to 170°C, more preferably 145°C to 160°C and at pressure of 200 kg/cm² to 250 kg/cm².

The tan delta value measured in dynamic mechanical analyzer at 60°C of rubber compound, is an indicator of loss tangent or rolling resistance of tyre, wherein lower value of tan delta at 60°C indicates low loss tangent or low rolling resistance and improvement of fuel efficiency of automobiles. Moreover, low value of tan delta at 60°C of rubber compounds with higher storage modulus (E') is desirable for tyre applications. Further reduction of heat buildup (HBU) and abrasion loss of rubber compound increase durability of tyre.

In the present invention it is observed that natural rubber compounds comprising functionalized carbon black demonstrate reduction of loss tangent value at 60°C between 12% and 23%; abrasion loss about 20% ; heat build-up about 26%, with respect to natural rubber compounds comprising non functionalized carbon black.

The SBR-BR rubber compounds comprising functionalized carbon black exhibit reduction of loss tangent value at 60°C between 15% and 26% ; abrasion loss about 20% ; heat build-up about 37%, with respect to SBR-BR compounds comprising non functionalized carbon black.

It is further observed that blend of functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) (blend ratio of Fx-SSBR : SBR : BR is in the range of 22.5 : 32.5 : 45 to 26 : 37 : 37) with styrene-butadiene - butadiene rubber (SBR- BR), compounds comprising functionalized carbon black demonstrate reduction of loss tangent value at 60°C by at least 15%; abrasion loss about 17% ; heat build-up about 31 %, with respect to blend of functionalized solution styrenebutadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) with styrene-butadiene - butadiene rubber (SBR- BR) (blend ratio of Fx-SSBR : SBR : BR is in the range of 22.5 : 32.5 : 45 to 26 : 37 : 37) comprising non functionalized carbon black.

In one embodiment, it is observed that the functionalized solution styrene- butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) compounds comprising functionalized carbon black demonstrate reduction of loss tangent value at 60°C at least 16%, abrasion loss about 7% ; heat build-up about 16% with respect to functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) comprising non functionalized carbon black.

In another embodiment, the solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), compounds comprising functionalized carbon black demonstrated reduction of loss tangent value at 60°C at least 21 %; heat build-up about 23%; with respect to solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), comprising non functionalized carbon black.

The rubber compound described in the invention can be used in the manufacture of different components of tyre, such as, tyre tread, tyre side wall, and tyre body components. The use of this functionalized carbon black grade is not only limited to components of tyre, the rubber compound comprising functionalized carbon black can be used in making rubber articles of conveyer belt, transmission belt, moulded rubber articles and so on.

Examples Rubber:

Natural Rubber (NR) - Commercially available Ribbed Smoke Sheet (RSS) of ML (1 + 4) 100°C of 50+ - 5 from Indian Rubber Board, Kottayam ; Polybutadiene (BR) - Commercially available Reflex 1220 of 96% cis content from Reliance Industries Ltd. India;

Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) - Commercially available oil extended (37.5 wt. %) containing 23.5 parts styrene from Reliance Industries Ltd., India;

Solution Styrene Butadiene Rubber - Buna VSL 5025-2 HM, extended with TDAE oil from Lanxess India Private Limited;

Functionalized Solution Styrene Butadiene Rubber (Type-1 ) - SE 6555, oil extended (37.3 wt. %) containing 33.1 parts styrene from Lanxess India Private Limited;

Functionalized Solution Styrene Butadiene Rubber (Type-2) - SLR 4601 , non- oil extended containing 21 parts styrene from Lanxess India Private Limited.

Rubber Additives:

Activator - Zinc oxide from Avantor Performance Materials India Ltd., India, Stearic Acid - From Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., India;

Thermal Stabilizer - 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1 ,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ) from NOCIL Ltd., India;

Weathering Stabilizer - N-(1 ,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p- phenylenediamine (6PPD) containing 27.5 part of highly aromatic oil, from NOCIL Ltd., India; Wax — Protection against ozone attack, from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., India;

Aromatic Oil - From Viswaat Chemicals Ltd., India;

Peptizer - Viscosity controller from NOCIL Ltd., India;

Rubber Curing Agents:

Curing Agent - Sulphur powder (purity 99.5%) from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., India;

Accelerator N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) from NOCIL Ltd., India;

Retarder - N-(Cyclohexylthio) phthalimide (CTP, PVI) - NOCIL Ltd., India;

Equipment used:

Banburry Mixer — Kobelco, Japan.

Two Roll Mill — Santosh Engineering Pvt. Ltd., India.

Molding Press - Santosh Engineering Pvt. Ltd., India. Oscillating Disc Rheometer (ODR) — ODR2000, Alfa Technology, USA.

Universal Testing Machine (UTM) — Instron 3366, Instron, UK.

Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA) — RPA 93001 , Alfa Technology, USA.

Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA)- DMA50N, Metravib, France

Heat Buildup Analyzer (HBU) - Montech, USA

Abrasion Resistance Instrument- Gibitre, Italy.

Thermogravimetric analyzer- TGA8000, Perkin Elmer, USA

Preparation of Carbon Black Composition:

Carbon black materials produced in furnace process of manufacturing by Phillips Carbon Black Limited, India, are used for this invention. The carbon black, having Iodine Adsorption Number (IAN) value of 30 g/kg to 200 g/kg, and a structure, as represented by Oil Absorption Number (OAN), of 55 ml/100g to 160 m 1/100g are used.

Functionalization of carbon black was carried out by mixing of carbon black with functionalizing agent in a blender system, such as ribbon blender, henschel mixer etc. The carbon black was taken in the ribbon blender or in hanschel mixer followed by addition of equal amount of demineralized water to make a carbon black paste at a rotor speed 10 to 100-rpm, preferably at a rotor speed of 20 to 50 rpm of the blender. The mixing of carbon black paste with functionalizing agent was carried out for a time period of 10 to 30 min, more preferably 15 to 20 min. Functionalizing agent was added to carbon black by spraying it over the carbon black paste with a rate of addition of 100g to 150 g per minute. Mixing of functionalizing agent on carbon black can be carried out either in carbon black paste or in dry carbon black or in pelleted form of carbon black.

On completion of mixing of the carbon black with functionalizing agent, the mixture is heated at a temperature of 120°C to 200°C, more preferably 130°C to 160°C for a time period of 15 min to 30 min, more preferably 20 min to 25 min in the blender. The mixer is then discharged and dried in a hot air oven at a temperature of 105° -120°C for 1 to 10 hours until complete removal of moisture. After drying of carbon black, it is allowed to cool to room temperature and finally packed in an airtight container for further use.

Functionalization of carbon black can also be carried out by initially mixing carbon black with functionalizing agent in a pelletizer, where pelletization of powder carbon black is performed after discharge from the reactor in manufacturing plant in presence of other additives.

The carbon black pellet admixed with functionalizing agent is conveyed to the dryer, where the mixture is heated at a temperature of 120°C to 200°C, more preferably 130°C to 160°C for a time period of 15 min to 30 min, more preferably 20 min to 25 min for functionalization and drying.

Details of functionalization of carbon black with different types of functionalizing agent is represented in table- 1 .

Table-1 : Details of functionalization of carbon black with different types of functionalizing agent

NA- no functionalizing agent used

FA-1 functionalizing agent has the chemical structure of [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'R²' represents (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C'' is carbon, 'S₁' and 'S₂' are hydrogen,

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents sulfide group, -S₄-, wherein 'd' is 2 and 'b' is 3

FA-2 functionalizing agent has the chemical structure of [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 , and 'a' is zero. 'R²' is (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C'' is carbon, 'S₁' and 'S₂' are hydrogen,

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents thiol group, -SH, wherein 'd' is 1 and 'b' is 3

FA-3 functionalizing agent has the chemical structure of [ R¹a - (RO)(3-a) - X - (R²)b]d[ FJ where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'R²' is (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁ ' and 'S₂' are hydrogen.

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents primary group, -NH₂ . Wherein 'd' is 1 and 'b' is 3

Examples 1 , 2, 3 and 4

Preparation of ACT1 (Example-1 ) , ACT2 ( Example-2) , ACTS ( Example- 3), ACTS (Example-4) using functionalizing agent, FA-1

In 2 kg of carbon black, N234 grade in ribbon blender, demineralized water was added in 1 : 1 weight ratio to make a carbon black paste, using the rotor speed of the blender 10 to 100-rpm, preferably 20 to 50 rpm . Then 1 wt.% or 2 wt.% or 3 wt.% or 5 wt.% of functionalizing agent, FA-1 with respect to carbon black weight was added to the carbon black paste by spraying at a rate of 100-150 gm . per minutes. On completion of addition of FA-1 to the carbon black, the mixture was heated at a temperature of 120°C to 200°C, more preferably 130°C to 160°C for a time period of 15 min to 30 min, more preferably 20 min to 25 min. Then the mixer was discharged and was dried in a hot air oven at a temperature of 105° -120°C for 1 to 10 hours until complete removal of moisture. On drying of carbon black, it was allowed to cool and finally packed inside an airtight container for further use. The carbon blacks are designated as ATC1 (1 wt. %), ATC2 (2 wt. %), ATC3 (3 wt. %) and ATC5 (5 wt.%).

Examples 5, 6, 7

Preparation of BCT1 (Example-5) , BCT3 ( Example-6) , BCT5 ( Example- 7) using functionalizing agent, FA-2 In 2 kg of carbon black, N234 grade in ribbon blender, demineralized water was added in 1 : 1 weight ratio to make a carbon black paste, using the rotor speed of the blender 10 to 100-rpm, preferably 20 to 50 rpm. Then 1 wt.% or 3 wt.% or 5 wt.% of functionalizing agent, FA-2 with respect to carbon black weight was added to the carbon black paste by spraying at a rate of 100-150 gm. per minutes. On completion of addition of FA-2 to the carbon black, the mixture was heated at a temperature of 120°C to 200°C, more preferably 130°C to 160°C for a time period of 15 min to 30 min, more preferably 20 min to 25 min. Then the mixer was discharged and was dried in a hot air oven at a temperature of 105° -120 °C for 1 to 10 hours until complete removal of moisture. On drying of carbon black, it was allowed to cool and finally packed in an airtight container for further use. The carbon blacks are designated as BTC1 (1 wt.%), BTC3 (3 wt.%) and BTC5 (5 wt.%),

Examples 8, 9, 10

Preparation of CCT1 (Example-8) , CCT3 ( Example-9), CCT5 (Example- 10) using functionalizing agent, FA-3

In 2 kg of carbon black, N234 grade in ribbon blender, demineralized water was added in 1 : 1 weight ratio to make a carbon black paste, using the rotor speed of the blender 10 to 100-rpm, preferably 20 to 50 rpm. Then 1 wt.% or 3 wt.% or 5 wt.% of functionalizing agent, FA-3 with respect to carbon black weight was added to the carbon black paste by spraying at a rate of 100-150 gm. per minutes. On completion of addition of FA-3 to the carbon black, the mixture was heated at a temperature of 120°C to 200°C, more preferably 130°C to 160°C for a time period of 15 min to 30 min, more preferably 20 min to 25 min. The mixer was discharged then and dried in a hot air oven at a temperature of 105° -120°C for 1 to 10 hours until complete removal of moisture. Upon drying of carbon black, it was allowed to cool and finally packed inside an airtight container for further use. The carbon blacks are designated as CCT1 , CCT3 and CCT5 for 1 , 3 and 5 wt.% of FA-3 in N234 respectively.

Examples 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15

Preparation of TN134/ 2 (Example-11 ), TN220/ 2 (Example-12), TN330/ 2 (Example-13) , TN339/ 2 (Example-14), TN660Z 2(Example- 15) using functionalizing agent, FA-1 In 2 kg of carbon black (N134 grade or N220 grade or N330 grade or N339 grade or N660 grade) in ribbon blender, demineralized water was added in 1 : 1 weight ratio to make a carbon black paste, using the rotor speed of the blender 10 to 100-rpm, preferably 20 to 50 rpm. Then 2 wt.% of functionalizing agent, FA-1 with respect to carbon black weight was added to the carbon black paste by spraying at a rate of 100-150 gm. per minutes. On completion of addition of FA-1 to the carbon black, the mixture was heated at a temperature of 120°C to 200°C, more preferably 130°C to 160°C for a time period of 15 min to 30 min, more preferably 20 min to 25 min. Then the mixer was discharged and was dried in a hot air oven at a temperature of 105° -120°C for 1 to 10 hours until complete removal of moisture. After drying of carbon black, it was allowed to cool and finally packed inside an airtight container for further use. The carbon blacks are designated as TN134/2, TN220/2, TN330/2, TN339/2, and TN660/2 for N134 grade, N220 grade, N330 grade, N339 grade, and N660 grade respectively.

Comparative Example (CE) 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

In 2 kg of carbon black, N134 grade or N220 grade or N330 grade or N339 grade or N660 grade in ribbon blender, demineralized water was added in 1 :1 weight ratio to make a carbon black paste, using the rotor speed of the blender 10 to 100-rpm, preferably 20 to 50 rpm. No functionalizing agent was added to the carbon black paste. Then the mixer was discharged and was dried in a hot air oven at a temperature of 105° -120°C for 1 to 10 hours until complete removal of moisture. On drying of carbon black, it was allowed to cool and finally packed inside an airtight container for further use. The resultant carbon blacks are designated as N134, N234, N220, N330, N339, and N660.

Determination of amount of bonded functionalizing agent

To determine the amount of chemically bonded functionalizing agent in functionalized carbon black, functionalized carbon blacks (ACT1 , ACT2, ACTS, and ACTS) were first refluxed with toluene by Soxhlet apparatus following the method of IS6029 to remove the adsorbed functionalizing agent. The refluxed functionalized carbon blacks were analyzed to estimate the amount of chemically bonded functionalizing agent in functionalized carbon black by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) under nitrogen atmosphere, the temperature scan was performed from 30°C to 900°C.

Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that 0.67% to 2.35% of functionalizing agent is chemically bonded in functionalized carbon blacks.

Preparation of Rubber Compounds

The non-functionalized carbon black or functionalized carbon black and different rubber additives is mixed with different rubbers in two stage of rubber compound mixing. In the first stage, a masterbatch compound is prepared in Banbury mixing mill followed by two roll mixing mill. In the present invention masterbatch indicates a rubber compound with non-functionalized or functionalized carbon black and different rubber additives without curing agent. The curing agent is added to rubber masterbatch in the final stage of mixing where masterbatch compound is mixed with the curing agents to produce the final batch compound, containing curing agent. The rubber compound is finally molded at a temperature of 130°C to 170°C, more preferably 145°C to 160°C and at pressure of 200 kg/cm² to 250 kg/cm².

The formulation of individual rubber compound consisting of respective carbon blacks and the different rubber compounding ingredients are shown in table 2.

Table-2: Compound identification of different rubber systems consisting carbon blacks

'-'represents not performed Natural Rubber (NR) Based Compounds

Example- 16

Preparation of Rubber Compound 'ACTI N'

To prepare natural rubber compound ACT1 N, functionalized carbon black ACT1 , table-1 , was mixed to Natural rubber (NR) to prepare a masterbatch followed by developing final compound. The mixing was carried out adopting the compounding formulation shown in table-3.

Table-3: Natural rubber-based compound formulation

21 For preparation of masterbatch the natural rubber was masticated, in a Banbury mixer followed by addition of ACT1 grade carbon black and different rubber additives, such as ZnO, stearic acid, TMQ, 6PPD, wax and aromatic oil following conventional rubber compounding technique. After preparation of masterbatch curing agent was incorporated in the masterbatch compound in Banbury mixer following known methods and cured under pressure and temperature, 145 °C providing rubber compound ACT1 N.

Examples 17, 18, 19

Preparation of Rubber Compounds 'ACT2N ' (Example-17), 'ACT3N ' ( Example-18), 'ACT5N' ( Example-19)

The preparation of rubber compounds ACT2N, ACT3N, ACT5N were carried out adopting similar method as described for the preparation of ACT1 N, Example- 16 involving Natural rubber (NR). The functionalized carbon blacks used here were ACT2, ACTS, ACTS, table- 1 , and the compounds were prepared as per the recipe shown in table-3.

Examples 20, 21 , 22

Preparation of Rubber Compounds 'BCT1 N ' (Example-20) , 'BCT3N ' ( Example-21 ), 'BCT5N ' (Example-22)

The preparation of rubber compounds BCT1 N, BCT3N, BCT5N were carried out adopting similar method as described for the preparation of ACT1 N, Example- 16 involving Natural rubber (NR). The functionalized carbon blacks used here were BCT1 , BCT3, BCT5, table- 1 , and the compounds were prepared as per the recipe shown in table-3.

Examples 23, 24, 25

Preparation of Rubber Compounds 'CCT1 N ' ( Example-23) , 'CCT3N ' ( Example-24), 'CCT5N ' ( Example-25)

The preparation of rubber compounds CCT1 N, CCT3N, CCT5N were carried out by adopting the similar method as described for the preparation of ACT1 N, Example- 16 involving Natural rubber (NR). The functionalized carbon blacks used here were CCT1 , CCT3, CCT5, table- 1 , and the compounds were prepared as per the recipe shown in table-3. Examples 26, 27, 28, 29, 30

Preparation of RRuubbbbeerr Compound •TN134/ 2N' (Example-26), •TN220/ 2N' (Example-27), 'TN330Z 2N' ( Example-28) , 'TN339/ 2N ' ( Example-29), 'TN660/ 2N ' (Example-30)

The preparation of rubber compounds TN134/2N, TN220/2N, TN330/2N, TN339/2N, TN660/2N were carried out adopting similar method as described for the preparation of ACT1 N, Example- 16 involving Natural rubber (NR). The functionalized carbon blacks used here were TN134/2, TN220/2, TN330/2, TN339/2, TN660/2, table-1 , and the compounds were prepared as per the recipe shown in table-3.

Comparative Examples (CE) 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12

Preparation of Rubber Compounds N134N (CE- 7), N234N (CE- 8) , N220N (CE- 9), N330N (CE- 10), N339N (CE- 11 ), N660N (CE- 12)

The preparation of rubber compounds N134N, N234N, N220N, N330N, N339N, N660N were carried out adopting similar method as described for the preparation of ACT1 N, Example- 16 involving Natural rubber (NR). The carbon blacks used here were N134, N234, N220, N330, N339, N660, nonfunctionalized, table-1 , and the compounds were prepared as per the recipe shown in table-3.

SBR-BR based rubber compound

Example- 31

Preparation of Rubber Compound 'ACT1 SB '

To prepare SBR-BR rubber compound ACT1 SB, functionalized carbon black ACT1 , table- 1 , was mixed to prepare a masterbatch followed by developing final compound. The mixing was carried out adopting the compounding formulation shown in table-4. 3 O ® i o n hd i © i

In the preparation of masterbatch the SBR-BR rubber was masticated, in a Banbury mixer followed by addition of ACT1 grade carbon black and different rubber additives, such as ZnO, stearic acid, TMQ, 6PPD, wax following conventional rubber compounding technique.

After preparation of masterbatch curing agent was incorporated in the masterbatch compound in Banbury mixer following known methods to prepare final rubber compound, finally, the rubber compound was cured under pressure and temperature, 160 °C to obtain rubber compound ACT1 SB.

Examples 32, 33, 34

Preparation of Rubber Compounds 'ACT2SB ' ( Example-32), 'ACT3SB ' ( Example-33), 'ACT5SB ' ( Example-34)

The preparation of rubber compounds ACT2SB, ACT3SB, ACT5SB were carried out by adopting the similar method as described for the preparation of ACT1 SB, Example- 31 involving SBR-BR rubber. The functionalized carbon blacks used here were ACT2, ACTS, ACTS, table-1 , and the compounds were prepared as per the recipe shown in table-4.

Examples 35, 36, 37

Preparation of Rubber Compounds 'BCT1 SB ' (Example-35), 'BCT3SB ' ( Example-36), 'BCT5SB ' (Example-37)

The preparation of rubber compounds BCT1 SB, BCT3SB, BCTSB were carried out by adopting the similar method as described for the preparation of ACT1 SB, Example- 31 involving SBR-BR rubber. The functionalized carbon blacks used here were BCT1 , BCT3, BCT5, table-1 , and the compounds were prepared as per the recipe shown in table-4.

Examples 38, 39, 40

Preparation of Rubber Compounds 'CCT1 SB ' ( Example-38) , 'CCT3SB ' ( Example-39), 'CCT5SB' ( Example-40)

The preparation of rubber compounds CCT1 SB, CCT3SB, CCT5SB were carried out adopting similar method as described for the preparation of ACT1 SB, Example- 31 involving SBR-BR rubber. The functionalized carbon blacks used here were CCT1 , CCT3, CCT5, table- 1 , and the compounds were prepared as per the recipe shown in table-4.

Examples 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45

Preparation of Rubber Compounds 'TN134/ 2SB ' (Example-41 ) , •TN220/ 2SB' ( Example-42), 'TN330/ 2SB' ( Example-43) , 'TN339Z 2SB' ( Example-44), 'TN660/ SB' (Example-45)

The preparation of rubber compounds TN134/2SB, TN220/2SB, TN330/2SB, TN339/2SB, TN660/2SB were carried out adopting similar method as described for the preparation of ACT1 SB, Example- 31 involving SBR-BR rubber. The functionalized carbon blacks used here were TN134/2, TN220/2, TN330/2, TN339/2, TN660/2, table-1 , and the compounds were prepared as per the recipe shown in table-4.

Comparative Examples (CE) 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

Preparation of Rubber Compound N134SB (CE- 13), N234SB (CE- 14), N220SB (CE- 15), N330SB (CE- 16), N339SB (CE- 17), N660SB (CE- 18)

The preparation of rubber compound N134SB, N234SB, N220SB, N330SB, N339SB, N660SB were carried out by adopting the similar method as described for the preparation of ACT1 SB, Example- 31 involving SBR-BR rubber. The carbon blacks used here were N134, N234, N220, N330, N339, N660, nonfunctionalized, , table-1 , and the compound was prepared as per the recipe shown in table-4.

Fx-SSBR-SBR-BR based rubber compound

Table-5: SSBR-SBR-BR based compound formulation

Example 46

Preparation of Rubber Compound 'ACT3FxSSB 1 '

To prepare FxSSBR (Type-1 ) -SBR-BR rubber compound ACTSFxSSBI , functionalized carbon black ACTS, table-1 , was mixed to prepare a masterbatch followed by developing final compound. The mixing was carried out adopting the compounding formulation shown in table-5.

In the preparation of masterbatch the FxSSBR (Type-1 )-SBR-BR rubber was masticated, in a Banbury mixer followed by addition of ACTS grade carbon black and different rubber additives, such as ZnO, stearic acid, TMQ, 6PPD, wax following conventional rubber compounding technique. Curing agent was incorporated in the as prepared masterbatch compound in Banbury mixer following known methods to prepare final rubber compound, finally, the rubber compound was cured under pressure and temperature, 160 °C to obtain rubber compound ACTSFxSSBI .

Example 47

Preparation of Rubber Compound ' ACT3FxSSB 2 '

To prepare FxSSBR (Type-2)-SBR-BR rubber compound ACT3FxSSB2, functionalized carbon black ACTS, table- 1 , was mixed to prepare a masterbatch followed by developing final compound. The mixing was carried out adopting the compounding formulation shown in table-5. In the preparation of masterbatch the FxSSBR (Type-2)-SBR-BR rubber was masticated, in a Banbury mixer followed by addition of ACTS grade carbon black and different rubber additives, such as ZnO, stearic acid, TMQ, 6PPD, wax following conventional rubber compounding technique. Curing agent was incorporated in the as prepared masterbatch compound in Banbury mixer following known methods and curing under pressure and temperature, 160 °C provided final rubber compound ACT3FxSSB2.

Comparative Example 19

Preparation of Rubber Compound 'N234-FxSSB1 '

To prepare FxSSBR (Type-1 )-SBR-BR rubber compound N234-FxSSB1 , nonfunctionalized carbon black N234, table-1 , was mixed to prepare a masterbatch followed by developing final compound. The mixing was carried out adopting the compounding formulation shown in table-5.

For the preparation of masterbatch FxSSBR (Type-1 )-SBR-BR rubber was masticated, in a Banbury mixer followed by addition of N234 grade carbon black and different rubber additives, such as ZnO, stearic acid, TMQ, 6PPD, wax following conventional rubber compounding technique. Curing agent was incorporated in the masterbatch compound in Banbury mixer following known methods and curing under pressure and temperature, 160 °C provided final rubber compound N234-FxSSB1.

Comparative Example 20

Preparation of Rubber Compound 'N234-FxSSB2 '

To prepare FxSSBR (Type-2)-SBR-BR rubber compound N234-FxSSB2, nonfunctionalized carbon black N234, table-1 , was mixed to prepare a masterbatch followed by developing final compound. The mixing was carried out adopting the compounding formulation shown in table-5.

For the preparation of masterbatch FxSSBR (Type-2)-SBR-BR rubber was masticated, in a Banbury mixer followed by addition of N234 grade carbon black and different rubber additives, such as ZnO, stearic acid, TMQ, 6PPD, wax following conventional rubber compounding technique. After preparation of masterbatch curing agent was incorporated in the masterbatch compound in Banbury mixer following known methods and curing under pressure and temperature, 160 °C provided rubber compound N234-FxSSB2.

SSBR and Fx-SSBR based rubber compound

Table-6: SSBR and Fx-SSBR based formulation

Example 48

Preparation of Rubber Compound 'ACT5SS'

To prepare SSBR rubber compound ACT5SS, functionalized carbon black ACTS, table-1 , was mixed to prepare a masterbatch followed by developing final compound. The mixing was carried out adopting the compounding formulation shown in table-5.

For the preparation of masterbatch the SSBR rubber was masticated, in a Banbury mixer followed by addition of ACTS grade carbon black and different rubber additives, such as ZnO, stearic acid, TMQ, 6PPD, wax following conventional rubber compounding technique. After preparation of masterbatch curing agent was incorporated in the masterbatch compound in Banbury mixer following known methods and curing under pressure and temperature, 160 °C provided rubber compound ACT5SS.

Example-49

Preparation of Rubber Compound 'ACT5FxS₂ '

To prepare FxSSBR (Type-2) rubber compound ACT5FxS₂ , functionalized carbon black ACTS, table-1 , was mixed to prepare a masterbatch followed by developing final compound. The mixing was carried out adopting the compounding formulation shown in table-5.

For the preparation of masterbatch the rubber FxSSBR (Type-2) was masticated, in a Banbury mixer followed by addition of ACTS grade carbon black and different rubber additives, such as ZnO, stearic acid, TMQ, 6PPD, wax following conventional rubber compounding technique. After preparation of masterbatch curing agent was incorporated in the masterbatch compound in Banbury mixer following known methods and curing under pressure and temperature, 160 °C provided rubber compound ACT5FxS₂.

Comparative example 21

Preparation of Rubber Compound 'N234SS '

To prepare SSBR rubber compound N234SS, non-functionalized carbon black N234, table- 1 , was mixed to prepare a masterbatch followed by developing final compound. The mixing was carried out adopting the compounding formulation shown in table-5.

For preparation of masterbatch SSBR rubber was masticated, in a Banbury mixer followed by addition of N234 grade carbon black and different rubber additives, such as ZnO, stearic acid, TMQ, 6PPD, wax following conventional rubber compounding technique. After preparation of masterbatch curing agent was incorporated in the masterbatch compound in Banbury mixer following known methods and curing under pressure and temperature, 160 °C provided rubber compound N234SS.

Comparative Example-22

Preparation of Rubber Compound 'N234FxS₂ '

To prepare FxSSBR (Type-2) rubber compound N234FxS₂ , non-functionalized carbon black N234, table-1 , was mixed to prepare a masterbatch followed by developing final compound. The mixing was carried out adopting the compounding formulation shown in table-5.

For preparation of masterbatch FxSSBR (Type-2) rubber was masticated, in a Banbury mixer followed by addition of N234 grade carbon black and different rubber additives, such as ZnO, stearic acid, TMQ, 6PPD, wax following conventional rubber compounding technique. After preparation of masterbatch curing agent was incorporated in the masterbatch compound in Banbury mixer following known methods and curing under pressure and temperature, 160 °C provided rubber compound N234FxS₂.

RESULT AND DI SCUSSI ON :

The present invention discloses rubber composition comprising functionalized carbon black, 40 part to 90 part, preferably in the range of 50 part to 70 part with respect to 100 part of rubber to improve rubber performance, such as dynamic mechanical property, abrasion loss and heat build up. Incorporation of functionalized carbon black in selective ratio increases the rubber-carbon black interaction, which favours reduction of carbon black-carbon black interaction and thus lowers the hysteresis loss.

Payne effect of rubber compound is the measure of carbon black-carbon black interaction. Lower Payne effect indicates lower carbon black-carbon black interaction. In the present invention, it has been observed that Payne effect of rubber compound is reduced even beyond 50% while functionalized carbon black is used in rubber compound as compared with rubber compound comprising non-functionalized carbon black. Rubber compound CCT5N shows about 55% low Payne effect as compared to rubber compound N234N, table-7, wherein the same for BCT5N and ACT5N are reduced by 32% and 37% respectively, table-7. Further, it is observed that ACT3FxSSB1 , ACTFxSSB2, ACT5SS and ACT5FxS₂ compounds demonstrate reduction of Payne effect by 35% (table-11 ), 40% (table-11 ), 48% (table- 12) and 33% (table- 12) respectively compared to corresponding rubber compound comprising non- functionalized carbon black.

Moreover, the present invention focus on reduction of rolling resistance of rubber compounds used in tyre by lowering hysteresis energy loss of rubber compounds. Hysteresis energy loss of rubber compound is represented by loss tangent (tanQ) value as measured by Dynamic mechanical analysis. The loss tangent (tanQ) value measured by dynamic mechanical analysis at 60°C is the indicator of rolling resistance. It has been observed that functionalized carbon black based rubber compounds result significant reduction of loss tangent (tanQ) value. Rubber compounds comprising functionalized carbon black such as BCT5SB provides 27% (table-8), CCT5N provides 23% (table-7), ACT5SB (table-8) provides around 20% reduction tanσ at 60°C respectively compared to rubber compounds comprising non-functionalized carbon black. It has also been observed that rubber compounds comprising functionalized carbon black such as ACT3FxSSB1 (table-11 ), ACTFxSSB2 (table-11 ), ACT5SS (table- 12) and ACT5FxS₂ (table-12) compounds result reduction of tanσ at 60°C by 13%, 14%, 21 % and 17% respectively compared to rubber compounds comprising non-functionalized carbon black.

Heat buildup of a rubber compound occurs when it is exposed to compressive stresses in service. Lowering of heat build-up of a rubber compound assists in increasing durability of that rubber compound. Higher rise in temperature in the rubber sample indicates compound of high heat buildup property. In this invention, incorporation of functionalized carbon black in rubber compounds shows lower heat generation.

Rubber compounds comprising functionalized carbon black result in lowering of heat buildup property about 35% as compared to rubber compound comprising non-functionalized carbon black. Rubber compounds ACT5SB shows about 35% (table-8), ACT5N shows about 23% (table-7), ACT5SS shows about 23% (table-12) lower heat buildup respectively as compared to rubber compound comprising non-functionalized carbon black.

The abrasion resistance property of rubber compound is expressed in term of abrasion loss of the rubber compound in volume (mm3). Lower value of abrasion loss represents improvement of abrasion resistance property of rubber compound and indicates improved durability of the rubber compound.

Rubber compounds ACT3N shows about 12% (table-7), ACT5N show about 15% (table-7), ACT3SB shows 18% (table-8), ACT3FxSSB2 shows 14% (table-11 ) lower in abrasion loss value as compared to rubber compound comprising non- functionalized carbon black.

Table 8: Rubber compound properties In SBR-BR system for N234SB, ACT1 SB, ACT3SB, ACT5SB, BCT1 SB, BCT3SB, BCT5SB, CTC1 SB, CT 03 SB, CTC5SB compounds

Table 11 : Rubber compound properties In SBR-BR-FxSSBR based compound

Table 12: Rubber compound properties In SSBR and FxSSBR based compound

The rubber compounds comprising functionalized carbon black can be used in tyre tread to improve dynamic mechanical property, durability of tyre. The invented rubber compounds can also be used in other applications, such as conveyer belts, transmission belts, moulded rubber compounds, however the application of the rubber compounds is not only limited to the applications mentioned here.

Thus present invention enables preparation of novel functionalized carbon black comprising 0.67% to 2.35% of functionalizing agent chemically bonded in functionalized carbon blacks along with free functionalization agent by treatment of carbon black with selective quantity of functionalization agent having general formula [R¹a - (RO)(3-a) - X - (R²)b]d[F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, and 'R¹' represents hydrogen or hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4,

R² is (CS₁S₂) wherein C is carbon, S₁ and S₂ are hydrogen or straight or branched saturated carbon and hydrogen containing organic group having 1 to 3 carbon.

'X' represents silicon,

'F is a group from thiocyanate (-SCN), chloride (-CI), primary amine (-NH₂) . thiol ( -SH), wherein 'd ' is 1 or sulfide, such as - S₂- to -SB- group, wherein 'd ' is 2.

'a' may be 0, 1 or 2

'b ' may be 1 or 2 or 3 or 4.

Incorporation of said functionalized carbon black in different rubber material surprisingly exhibits significant improvement in dynamic mechanical property, abrasion resistance, heat build-up property in comparison to the same rubber compounds comprising non functionalized carbon blacks indicating special coaction of functionalized carbon black with rubber materials.

Claims

Claims:

1. A functionalized carbon black composition suitable for incorporation in rubber compounds for selective improvement in dynamic mechanical property, abrasion resistance, heat build-up property of rubber compounds comprising a co - acting combination of functionalizing agent chemically bonded in functionalized carbon blacks and free functionalization agent involving selective functionalizing agent having formula[:R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, and 'R¹' represents hydrogen or hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4,

R²' is represented by (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and 'S₂' are hydrogen or straight or branched saturated carbon and hydrogen containing organic group having 1 to 3 carbon.

'X' represents silicon,

'F is a group from thiocyanate (-SCN), or chloride (-CI), or primary amine (-NH₂) , or thiol ( -SH), wherein 'd' is 1 or sulfide, such as -S₂- to -SB- group, wherein 'd' is 2.

'a' may be 0, 1 or 2

'b' may be 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 having iodine adsorption number in the range of 24 g/kg to 180 g/kg and oil absorption number in the range of 50 ml/100 g to 150 m 1/100g either in powder form or in pelletized form.

2. The functionalized carbon black composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising a reaction product of 0.67 wt.% to 2.35 wt.% of functionalizing agent chemically bonded in functionalized carbon blacks along with free functionalization agent 0.33 wt.% to 2.65 wt.%, said reaction product obtained of treatment of carbon blacks with selective functionalizing agent having formula[:R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, and 'R¹' represents hydrogen or hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4,

'R²' is represented by (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and 'S₂' are hydrogen or straight or branched saturated carbon and hydrogen containing organic group having 1 to 3 carbon.

'X' represents silicon,

'F is a group from thiocyanate (-SCN), or chloride (-CI), or primary amine (-NH₂), or thiol ( -SH), wherein 'd' is 1 or sulfide, such as -S₂- to - SB- group, wherein 'd' is 2.

'a' may be 0, 1 or 2

'b' may be 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 and having iodine adsorption number in the range of 24 g/kg to 180 g/kg and oil absorption number in the range of 50 m 1/100 g to 150 ml/100g either in powder form or in pelletized form favouring co-acting with rubber compounds at 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% incorporation for desired reduced loss tangent value at 60°C between 12 % and 26%, abrasion loss between 7% and 20% and heat build-up between 16% and 37 % with respect to respective rubber compound comprising non-functionalized carbon black.

3. The functionalized carbon black composition as claimed in anyone of claims 1 or 2 obtained by treatment of carbon black with said functionalizing agent having formula[:R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, and 'R¹' represents hydrogen or hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4,

'X' represents silicon,

'F is a group from thiocyanate (-SCN), or chloride (-CI), or primary amine (-NH₂), or thiol( -SH), wherein 'd' is 1 or sulfide, such as -S₂- to - S₈- group, wherein 'd' is 2.

'a' may be 0, 1 or 2

'b' may be 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 in a concentration of 1 wt% to 5 wt%, with respect to carbon black wherein said carbon blacks are having iodine adsorption number, ranging from 25 g/kg to 250 g/kg preferably ranging from 30 g/kg to 200 g/kg and oil absorption number is in the range from 40 m 1/100 g to 175 m 1/100 g, preferably in the range from 55 m 1/100 g to 160 m 1/100g.

4. The functionalized carbon black composition as claimed in claim 1 -3 wherein said selective functionalization agent is having formula [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'R²' is represented as (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and 'S₂' are hydrogen.

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents sulfide group, -S₄-, wherein 'd' is 2 and 'b' is 3.

5. The functionalized carbon black composition as claimed in claims 1 -3 wherein said selective functionalization agent is having formula [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents primary group, -NH₂. wherein 'd' is 1 and 'b' is 3.

6. The functionalized carbon black composition as claimed in claims 1 -3 wherein said selective functionalization agent is having formula [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 , and 'a' is zero.

'R²' is represented as (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and ' S₂' are hydrogen.

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents thiol group, -SH, wherein 'd' is 1 and 'b' is 3.

7. The functionalized carbon black composition as claimed in claim 6 comprising selective combinations including

ACT1 (N 234: FA-1 = 99: 1 ), ACT2 (N 234: FA-1 = 98:2), ACTS (N 234: FA- 1 = 97:3), ACTS (N 234: FA-1 = 95:5), BCT1 (N 234: FA-2= 99: 1 ), BCT3 (N 234: FA-2= 97:3), BCT5 (N 234: FA-2= 95:5), CCT1 (N 234: FA-3= 99: 1 ), CCT3 (N 234: FA-3= 97:3), CCT5 (N 234: FA-3= 95:5), TN134/2 (N134: FA-1 = 98:2), TN220/2 (N220: FA-1 = 98:2), TN330/2 (N330: FA-

25 1 = 98:2), TN339/2 (N339: FA-1 = 98:2), TN660/2 (N660: FA-1 = 98:2).

8. A process for the preparation of the functionalized carbon black composition as claimed in claim 1 -7, comprises the step of making a carbon black paste by adding demineralized water, where carbon black and water weight ratio is maintained 1 :0.5 to 1 :1.5, preferably 1 : 1 , using a rotor speed of the blender in the range of 10 to 100 rpm, preferably 15 to 70 rpm, more preferably 20 to 50 rpm for maximum 15 min, preferably maximum 10 min; adding the functionalizing agent in the carbon black paste at a concentration of 0.1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%, more preferably 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% by spraying at a rate of 50- 250 g/ min, preferably 75- 200 g/min, more preferably 100-150 g/ min with respect to the amount of carbon black; heating the mixture of carbon black and functionalization agent at a temperature of 110°C to 250°C, preferably 120°C to 200°C, more preferably 130°C to 160°C for a time period of 15 min to 30 min, more preferably 20 min to 25 min for functionalization; discharging the functionalized carbon black from the blender and is dried in a hot air oven at a temperature of 105° -120°C for 0.5 to 10 h, preferably 1 to 5 h till removal of moisture followed by cooling and packaging in an airtight container.

9. The process as claimed in claim 8 for the preparation of the functionalized carbon black composition in a pelletizer or pin mixer comprises the steps of charging fluffy powder carbon black into pelletizer and admixed with demineralized water, in the weight ratio of carbon black to water about 1 :0.5 to about 1 : 1.5, preferably in the weight ratio of 1 : 1 , to form carbon black paste inside the pelletizer or pin mixer; incorporating a binder, such as molasses, or sugar solution, or sodium lignosulfonate or nano-cellulose, or sodium lauryl sulfate, or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, or sodium carboxyethyl cellulose, or poly (vinyl alcohol), or poly (vinyl pyrollidone), or poly (acryl amide) inside the pelletizer to form the pellet of carbon black with RPM of 500 to 600 rpm ; adding functionalizing agent in the carbon black paste at a concentration of 0.1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% to 10 wt.%, more preferably 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% before injection of the binder in the pelletizer or pin mixer; heating the carbon black pellet admixed with the functionalizing agent in the dryer at a temperature of 120°C to 200°C, more preferably 130°C to 160°C for a time period of 15 min to 30 min, more preferably 20 min to 25 min for functionalization and drying of carbon black followed by cooling and packaging in an airtight container

10. Rubber compounds incorporating carbon black composition as claimed in claims 1 - 8 comprising said carbon black composition including coacting combination of functionalizing agent chemically bonded in functionalized carbon blacks and free functionalization agent involving selective functionalizing agent having formula:[ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, and 'R¹' represents hydrogen or hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4,

'X' represents silicon,

'F is a group from thiocyanate (-SCN), or chloride (-CI), or primary amine (-NH₂), or thiol ( -SH), wherein 'd' is 1 or sulfide, such as -S₂- to - S₈- group, wherein 'd' is 2.

'a' may be 0, 1 or 2

'b' may be 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 having iodine adsorption number in the range of 24 g/kg to 180 g/kg and oil absorption number in the range of 50 m 1/100 g to 150 ml/100g either in powder form or in pelletized form in (ii) rubber compound at 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% incorporation favouring synergistically reduced loss tangent value at 60°C between 12% and 26%, abrasion loss between 7% and 20% and heat build up between 16% and 37 % with respect to respective rubber compound comprising non-functionalized carbon black.

11. The Rubber compounds as claimed in claim 9 comprising:

(A) said carbon black composition comprising 0.67 wt.% to 2.35 wt.% of functionalizing agent chemically bonded in functionalized carbon blacks along with free functionalization agent 0.33 wt.% to 2.65 wt.% obtained of treatment of carbon blacks with selective functionalizing agent having formula[:R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4, and 'R¹' represents hydrogen or hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 to 4,

'X' represents silicon,

'a' may be 0, 1 or 2

'b' may be 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 having iodine adsorption number in the range of 24 g/kg to 180 g/kg and oil absorption number in the range of 50 m 1/100 g to 150 m 1/100g; and

(B) selectively co-acting rubber compounds at least one natural rubber (NR), Ribbed Smoke Sheet of ML(1 + 4) 100°C of 50+ - 5, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) containing 20 to 30 wt% styrene, solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) containing about 10 to 30 wt% of bound styrene, functionalized solution styrene butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) containing about 10 to 40 wt% bound styrene, polybutadiene rubber (BR) with ~ 20% cis content, butyl rubber (I IR), bromobutyl rubber (XI I R), chlorobutyl rubber, polyisoprene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber (ERR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), ethylene (vinyl-acetate) (EVA) rubber containing 32 wt% to 70 wt%, acrylic rubber (ACN), nitrile rubber (NBR) containing 30 wt% to 35 wt% acrylonitrile content, chlorosulfonated rubber (GSM) containing 20 wt% to 30 wt% chlorine, polyurethane rubber (PUR), polysulfide rubber, fluoro rubbers, polysiloxanes of above mentioned rubbers, alone or their blends (the component of rubber varies from 90: 10 to 10:90); wherein the functionalized carbon black is incorporated in the 100 part of rubber in the range of 40 part to 90 part which is suitable for in tyre tread, tyre sidewall, tyre body component, conveyer belt, transmission belt, moulded rubber articles.

12. The rubber compounds as claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising natural rubber and functionalized carbon black wherein carbon black N234 is functionalized with functionalizing agent having formula:[ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' is ethyl or methyl group, 'R2' is represented as (CS₁S₂) wherein

'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and 'S₂' are hydrogen.

'X' represents silicon,

'F is a group selected from either, sulphide group, -S₄, wherein 'd' is 2; or primary amine (-NH₂) or thiol group (-SH), wherein 'd' is 1 ; 'a' is 0; 'b' is 3; reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C between 12% to 23%, abrasion loss at least 17% and heat build up by about 26% with respect to natural rubber compound comprising N234 carbon black N234N.

13. The rubber compounds as claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising natural rubber and functionalized carbon black wherein functionalized carbon black ACT1 , ACT2, ACTS and ACTS functionalized with [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'R²' represents (CS₁S₂) wherein C is carbon, S₁ and S₂ are hydrogen,

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents sulfide group, -S₄-, wherein 'd' is 2 and 'b' is 3 reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C by 7% , 9% , 12%, 12% abrasion loss by 5% , 10% , 12%, 15% and heat build up 5%, 14%, 16% , 23% for ACT1 N, ACT2N, ACT3N and ACT5N respectively with respect to natural rubber compound comprising N234 carbon black N234N.

14. The rubber compounds as claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 1 1 comprising natural rubber and functionalized carbon black wherein functionalized carbon black BCT1 , BCT3 and BCT5 functionalized with[ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 , and 'a' is zero.

R² is (CS₁S₂) wherein C is carbon, S₁ and S₂ are hydrogen,

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents thiol group, -SH, wherein 'd' is 1 and 'b' is 3 and 'c' is 1 reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C by 6% , 8% , 1 1 % , abrasion loss by 3%, 10% , 13% , and heat build up 4% , 10% , 15% for BCT1 N, BCT3N and BCT5N respectively with respect to natural rubber compound comprising N234 carbon black N234N.

15. The rubber compounds as claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising natural rubber and functionalized carbon black wherein functionalized carbon black CCT1 , CCT3 and CCT5 functionalized with FA- 3 functionalizing agent has the chemical structure of

[ R¹a - (R0)(3-a) - X - (R²)b]d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1} , where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'R²' is (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁ ' and '82' are hydrogen.

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents primary group, -NH₂ . Wherein 'd' is 1 and 'b' is 3. reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C by 13% , 14% , 23% , abrasion loss by 3% , 8% , 17% and heat build up 5% , 18% , 25% for CCT1 N, CCT3N and CCT5N respectively with respect to natural rubber compound comprising N234 carbon black N234N.

16. The rubber compounds claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising natural rubber and functionalized carbon black wherein functionalized carbon black TN134/2, TN220/2, TN330/2, TN339/2 and TN660/2 functionalized with[ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1} , where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'R²' represents (CS₁S₂) wherein C is carbon, 81 and 82 are hydrogen,

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents sulfide group, -S₄- , wherein 'd' is 2 and 'b' is 3 'c' is 1 reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C by 5% , 7%, 8% , 7% , 2% , abrasion loss by 4% , 8%, 6% , 7%, 1 %, and heat build up 13%, 13%, 17%, 13% , 12% for TN134/2, TN220/2, TN330/2, TN339/2 and TN660/2 respectively with respect to natural rubber compounds N134N, N220N, N330N, N339N, N660N respectively comprising respective carbon blacks.

17. The rubber compounds claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising SBR-BR and functionalized carbon black wherein carbon black N234 is functionalized with functionalizing agent having formula: [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' is ethyl or methyl group,

'R²' is represented as (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and '82' are hydrogen.

X' represents silicon,

'F is a group selected from either, sulphide group, -S₄-, wherein 'd' is 2; or primary amine (-NH₂) or thiol group (-SH), wherein 'd' is 1 ; 'a' is 0; 'b' is 3 reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C between 15% and 26%, abrasion loss at least 20% and heat build up by about 37% with respect to SBR- BR compound comprising N234 carbon black N234SB.

18. The rubber compounds claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising SBR-BR and functionalized carbon black wherein functionalized carbon black ACT1 , ACT2, ACTS and ACTS functionalized with[ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'R²' represents (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and '82' are hydrogen,

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents sulfide group, -S₄-, wherein 'd' is 2 and 'b' is 3. reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C by 12%, 14% 19%, 19%, abrasion loss by 5%, 12%, 18%, 14%, and heat build up 10%, 18%, 20%, 34% for ACT1 SB, ACT2SB, ACT3SB and ACT5SB respectively with respect to SBR-BR compound comprising N234 carbon black N234SB.

19. The rubber compounds claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising SBR-BR and functionalized carbon black wherein functionalized carbon black BCT1 , BCT3 and BCT5 functionalized with[ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 1 , and 'a' is zero.

R² is (CS₁S₂) wherein C is carbon, S₁ and S₂ are hydrogen,

X' represents silicon,

'F represents thiol group, -SH, wherein 'd' is 1 and 'b' is 3 reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C by 10%, 17%, 26%, heat build up by 12%, 18%, 30% for BCT1 SB, BCT3 SB and BCT5 SB respectively with respect to SBR-BR compound comprising N234 carbon black N234 SB.

20. The rubber compounds claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising SBR-BR and functionalized carbon black wherein functionalized carbon black CCT1 , CCT3 and CCT5 functionalized with FA-3 functionalizing agent has the chemical structure of[ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'R²' is (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and '82' are hydrogen.

'X' represents silicon,

'F represents primary group, -NH₂. wherein 'd' is 1 and 'b' is 3 reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C by 7%, 10%, 16%, and heat build up 11%, 22%, 37% for CCT1 SB, CCT3SB and CCT5SB respectively with respect to SBR-BR compound comprising N234 carbon black N234SB.

21. The rubber compounds claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising SBR-BR and functionalized carbon black wherein functionalized carbon black TN134/2, TN220/2, TN330/2, TN339/2 and TN660/2 functionalized with[ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'R²' represents (CS₁S₂) wherein 'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and 'S₂' are hydrogen, 'X' represents silicon,

'F represents sulfide group, -S₄-, wherein 'd' is 2 and 'b' is 3 and 'o' is 2 reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C by 6%, 11 %, 10%, 6%, 2%, abrasion loss by 6%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, and heat build up 14%, 16%, 8%, 18%, 20% for TN134/2, TN220/2, TN330/2, TN339/2 and TN660/2 respectively with respect to SBR-BR compounds N134SB, N220 SB, N330 SB, N339 SB, N660 SB respectively comprising respective carbon blacks.

22. The rubber compounds claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) and functionalized carbon black wherein carbon black N234 is functionalized with functionalizing agent having formula: [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' is ethyl or methyl group, 'R²' is represented as (CS₁S₂) wherein

'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and '82' are hydrogen.

'X' represents silicon,

'F is sulphide group, -S₄-, wherein 'd' is 2; wherein 'd' is 1 ; 'a' is 0; 'b' is 3' reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C at least 16% , reduced abrasion loss at least 7% and reduced heat buildup about 16% with respect to functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) comprising N234.

23. The rubber compounds claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) type-1 and type-2 respectively and functionalized carbon black wherein carbon black N234 is functionalized with functionalizing agent having formula: [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' represents hydrocarbon of formula C_nH_{2n+ 1}, where 'n' is an integer having value of 2, and 'a' is zero.

'F represents sulfide group, -S₄-, wherein 'd' is 2 and 'b' is 3 reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C by 14% and 14%, abrasion loss by 8% and 14%, and heat build up by 31% and 10% for ACT3FxSSB1 , ACT3FxSSB2 respectively with respect to functionalized solution styrenebutadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) type-1 and type-2 respectively compound comprising N234 carbon black N234N.

24. The rubber compounds claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising blend of functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) with styrene-butadiene - butadiene rubber (SBR-BR) (blend ratio of Fx-SSBR

SBR : BR is in the range of 22.5 : 32.5 : 45 to 26 : 37 : 37) and functionalized carbon black wherein carbon black N234 is functionalized with functionalizing agent having formula: [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' is ethyl or methyl group, 'R²' is represented as (CS₁S₂) wherein

'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and '82' are hydrogen.

'X' represents silicon,

'F is a sulphide group, -S₄-, wherein 'd' is 2; 'a' is 0; 'b' is 3' reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C between at least 15%, abrasion loss at least 17% and heat build up about 31% with respect to blend of functionalized solution styrene-butadiene rubber (Fx-SSBR) with styrenebutadiene - butadiene rubber (SBR-BR) (blend ratio of Fx-SSBR : SBR : BR is in the range of 22.5 : 32.5 : 45 to 26 : 37 : 37) comprising non functionalized carbon black N234.

25. The rubber compounds claimed in anyone of claims 10 or 11 comprising solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) and functionalized carbon black wherein carbon black N234 is functionalized with functionalizing agent having formula: [ R¹a - (RO)_(3-a) - X - (R²)_b]_d[ F] where 'R' is ethyl or methyl group, 'R²' is represented as (CS₁S₂) wherein

'C' is carbon, 'S₁' and '82' are hydrogen.

'X' represents silicon,

'F is a sulphide group, -S₄- , wherein 'd' is 2; 'a' is 0; 'b' is 3 reduce the loss tangent value at 60°C about 21%; abrasion loss about 6%, heat build-up about 23% with respect to solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) comprising N234.

26. A process for the preparation of said rubber compounds as claimed in claims 10 to 25 wherein functionalized carbon black and different rubber additives are mixed with predefined rubber in a two stage of rubber compound mixing, wherein in the first stage, a masterbatch compound including rubber compound without curing agent is prepared in Banbury mixer at a predefined temperature of 150 °C or less, 110 °C or less, 90 °C or less, 75 °C or less, or from about 35 °C to about 75 °C with rubber along with different additives, such as processing aids, activators, antioxidants, anti-degradants and oil followed by two roll mixing mill; adding the curing agent to rubber masterbatch in the second or final stage of mixing at a temperature of 50 °C or less, or from 35 °C to 50 °C, where masterbatch compound is mixed with the curing agents to produce the final batch compound, containing curing agent; molding of the rubber compound is performed at a temperature of 130°C to 170°C, more preferably 145°C to 160°C and at pressure of 200 kg/cm² to 250 kg/cm².