WO2022063579A1 - Electric machine - Google Patents

Electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022063579A1
WO2022063579A1 PCT/EP2021/074697 EP2021074697W WO2022063579A1 WO 2022063579 A1 WO2022063579 A1 WO 2022063579A1 EP 2021074697 W EP2021074697 W EP 2021074697W WO 2022063579 A1 WO2022063579 A1 WO 2022063579A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
intermediate ring
housing
electrical machine
bearing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/074697
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Vyacheslav Brushkivskyy
Original Assignee
Zf Friedrichshafen Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zf Friedrichshafen Ag filed Critical Zf Friedrichshafen Ag
Publication of WO2022063579A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022063579A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7893—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted to a cage or integral therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7836—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members floating with respect to both races
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7886—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted outside the gap between the inner and outer races, e.g. sealing rings mounted to an end face or outer surface of a race
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7896—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members with two or more discrete sealings arranged in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/124—Sealing of shafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1732—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/24—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/26—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with a single row of rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/20—Land vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric machine, in particular of a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
  • the electrical machine has a fixed stator and a rotating rotor.
  • the stator of an electrical machine is also referred to as the stator and the runner of an electrical machine is also referred to as the rotor.
  • the stator of the electrical machine has a housing.
  • the rotor of the electrical machine has a shaft.
  • the shaft is rotatably mounted in the housing via shaft bearings.
  • the shaft bearings are typically roller bearings.
  • the shaft is sealed off from the housing by shaft seals.
  • the shaft seal is designed as a shaft sealing ring which rests on the housing on the one hand and on the shaft on the other hand.
  • the object of the invention is to create a new type of electrical machine.
  • an intermediate ring is positioned in the area of the respective shaft seal between the shaft and the housing, which during operation rotates at a lower speed than the shaft, with a first sealing element being arranged between the respective intermediate ring and the shaft, and with between the respective intermediate ring and a second sealing element is arranged on the housing.
  • the first sealing element and the second sealing element in a type of series connection in the area of each shaft seal, with the respective intermediate ring being positioned between the first sealing element and the second sealing element, which rotates at a lower speed than the shaft.
  • high differential speeds between the housing and shaft in the area of the respective shaft seal can be divided via the intermediate ring. This reduces the heat input into the shaft seal as well as the susceptibility to wear and the risk of failure.
  • the shaft bearings are preferably roller bearings with an inner bearing ring, with an outer bearing ring and with rolling elements arranged between the inner bearing ring and the outer bearing ring and guided in a bearing cage, with the shaft seals being arranged adjacent to the shaft bearings, and the intermediate ring being arranged in the region of a respective shaft seal is, is rotatably connected to the bearing cage of the adjacent shaft bearing.
  • This embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred.
  • the respective intermediate ring When the respective intermediate ring is connected to the bearing cage of the respective adjacent shaft bearing in a rotationally fixed manner, the intermediate ring rotates at the speed of the bearing cage and is also guided in a defined manner.
  • the respective shaft bearing and the respective shaft seal form a structural unit. The same can then be assembled and disassembled together.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an electrical machine
  • FIG. 2 shows detail II of FIG. 1 .
  • the invention relates to an electrical machine.
  • the invention relates to an electric machine that is used in a hybrid vehicle or electric vehicle as a drive unit, ie to provide drive power at an output of the respective vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrical machine 10 in a highly schematic manner, which has a stationary stator 11 and a rotating rotor 12 .
  • the stator 11 is also referred to as the stator and the runner 12 is also referred to as the rotor.
  • the stand 11 has a fixed housing 22 .
  • the stator 11 also has a stator lamination stack 13.
  • the rotor 12 has a shaft 14 and a rotor lamination stack 15. The shaft 14 can be rotated relative to the housing 22.
  • An air gap 16 is formed between the stator core 13 and the rotor core 15 .
  • shaft bearings 17 are provided for this purpose, via which the shaft 14 is rotatably mounted relative to the housing 22 . According to FIG. 1, a shaft bearing 17 is present on each side of the laminated rotor core 15 .
  • the electrical machine 10 is an internal rotor machine.
  • the radially inner shaft 14 rotates in relation to the radially outer housing 22.
  • the invention can also be used in electrical machines that are designed as external rotor machines.
  • the radially outer shaft rotates in relation to the radially inner housing.
  • the shaft bearings 17 are preferably designed as roller bearings.
  • Such a roller bearing has a first bearing ring coupled to the shaft 14, a second bearing ring coupled to the housing 22, and rolling bodies that are arranged between the bearing rings. These rolling elements are held in a bearing cage.
  • the structure of a roller bearing is known per se to the person skilled in the art addressed here. Therefore, the shaft bearings 17 are shown only schematically in Fig. 1 and 2.
  • the first bearing ring coupled to the shaft 14 is an inner bearing race and the second bearing ring coupled to the housing 22 is an outer bearing race.
  • the first bearing ring that is coupled to the shaft is a bearing outer ring and the second bearing ring that is coupled to the housing is a bearing inner ring.
  • FIG. 1 also shows shaft seals 18 which serve to seal the shaft 14 from the housing 22 .
  • a shaft seal 18 is arranged adjacent to each shaft bearing 17, specifically in relation to the laminated rotor core 15 axially on the inside, i.e. at a smaller distance from the laminated rotor core 15 than the shaft bearings 17.
  • an intermediate ring 19 is positioned between the shaft 14 and the housing 22 , which during operation rotates at a lower speed than the shaft 14 .
  • a first sealing element 20 is arranged between the respective intermediate ring 19 and the shaft 14 .
  • a second sealing element 21 is arranged between the intermediate ring 19 and the housing 22, in each case seen in the radial direction.
  • the differential speed between the shaft 14 and the housing 22 can be divided via the intermediate ring 19, which rotates at a lower speed than the shaft 14, as a result of which the sealing elements 20, 21 positioned between the intermediate ring 19, the shaft 14 and the housing 22 are subjected to less stress and Are exposed to heating than in electrical machines known from practice. As a result, the susceptibility to wear and the risk of failure of the electrical machine 10 can be reduced.
  • the intermediate ring 19, which is arranged in the region of the respective shaft seal 18, is preferably braced with the sealing elements 20, 21 of the respective shaft seal 18.
  • An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which the intermediate ring 19, which is arranged in the region of the respective shaft seal 18 between the sealing elements 20, 21 of the respective shaft seal 18, is non-rotatably connected to the bearing cage of the respective adjacent shaft bearing 17.
  • the intermediate ring 19 then rotates at the speed of the bearing cage, ie at approximately half the speed of the shaft 14.
  • the intermediate ring 19 can not only be driven particularly advantageously, but the intermediate ring 19 can also be guided advantageously.
  • the respective shaft bearing 17 and the respective shaft seal 18 preferably form a structural unit so that they can then be assembled and disassembled together.
  • a kinematic coupling of intermediate ring 19 and shaft 14 and/or a kinematic coupling of intermediate ring 19 and housing 22 can be provided.
  • the electrical machine 10 is preferably a drive unit of a hybrid vehicle or electric vehicle, which provides drive power at an output of the respective vehicle. Electrical machines of this type rotate at high speeds of more than 10,000 rpm, in particular at speeds of more than 15,000 rpm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric machine (10), comprising a stator (11) having a housing (22), a rotor (12) having a shaft (14), shaft bearings (17), by which the shaft (14) is rotatably mounted with respect to the housing (22), and shaft seals (18), by which the shaft (14) is sealed against the housing (22). In the region of the respective shaft seal (18), an intermediate ring (19) is positioned between the shaft (14) and the housing (22), which during operation rotates with a rotational speed lower than that of the shaft (14). A first sealing element (20) is arranged between the respective intermediate ring (19) and the shaft (14). A second sealing element (21) is arranged between the respective intermediate ring (19) and the housing (22).

Description

Elektrische Maschine electrical machine
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Maschine insbesondere eines Hybridfahrzeugs oder eines Elektrofahrzeugs. The invention relates to an electric machine, in particular of a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
Aus der DE 10 2019 002 918 A1 ist eine elektrische Maschine bekannt. Die elektrische Maschine verfügt über einen feststehenden Ständer sowie über einen rotierenden Läufer. Der Ständer einer elektrischen Maschine wird auch als Stator und der Läufer einer elektrischen Maschine auch als Rotor bezeichnet. Der Ständer der elektrischen Maschine verfügt über ein Gehäuse. Der Läufer der elektrischen Maschine verfügt über eine Welle. Die Welle ist über Wellenlager im Gehäuse drehbar gelagert. Bei den Wellenlagern handelt es sich typischerweise um Wälzlager. Über Wellendichtungen ist die Welle gegenüber dem Gehäuse abgedichtet. Die Wellendichtung ist dabei als Wellendichtungsring ausgebildet, der einerseits an dem Gehäuse und andererseits an der Welle anliegt. An electrical machine is known from DE 10 2019 002 918 A1. The electrical machine has a fixed stator and a rotating rotor. The stator of an electrical machine is also referred to as the stator and the runner of an electrical machine is also referred to as the rotor. The stator of the electrical machine has a housing. The rotor of the electrical machine has a shaft. The shaft is rotatably mounted in the housing via shaft bearings. The shaft bearings are typically roller bearings. The shaft is sealed off from the housing by shaft seals. The shaft seal is designed as a shaft sealing ring which rests on the housing on the one hand and on the shaft on the other hand.
Bei schnelllaufenden elektrischen Maschinen, die mit hohen Drehzahlen und im Bereich der Welle mit hohen Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten betrieben werden, unterliegen die Wellendichtungen einer starken Erwärmung. Dies kann zu einer Überhitzung der Wellendichtung und zu einem Verschleiß sowie zu einem vorzeitigen Ausfall der jeweiligen Wellendichtung führen. In fast-running electrical machines that are operated at high speeds and in the area of the shaft with high peripheral speeds, the shaft seals are subject to strong heating. This can lead to shaft seal overheating and wear and premature failure of the respective shaft seal.
Es besteht Bedarf daran, die Erwärmung der Wellendichtungen einer elektrischen Maschine zu reduzieren und so die Verschleißanfälligkeit und das Ausfallrisiko zu reduzieren. There is a need to reduce the heating of the shaft seals of an electrical machine and thus reduce the susceptibility to wear and the risk of failure.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine neuartige elektrische Maschine zu schaffen. The object of the invention is to create a new type of electrical machine.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine elektrische Maschine gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß ist im Bereich der jeweiligen Wellendichtung zwischen der Welle und dem Gehäuse ein Zwischenring positioniert, der im Betrieb mit einer geringeren Drehzahl rotiert als die Welle, wobei zwischen dem jeweiligen Zwischenring und der Welle ein erstes Dichtungselement angeordnet ist, und wobei zwischen dem jeweiligen Zwischenring und dem Gehäuse ein zweites Dichtungselement angeordnet ist. This object is achieved by an electrical machine according to claim 1. According to the invention, an intermediate ring is positioned in the area of the respective shaft seal between the shaft and the housing, which during operation rotates at a lower speed than the shaft, with a first sealing element being arranged between the respective intermediate ring and the shaft, and with between the respective intermediate ring and a second sealing element is arranged on the housing.
Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, im Bereich jeder Wellendichtung das erste Dichtungselement und das zweite Dichtungselement in einer Art Reihenschaltung zu verbauen, wobei zwischen dem ersten Dichtungselement und dem zweiten Dichtungselement der jeweilige Zwischenring positioniert ist, der mit einer geringeren Drehzahl rotiert als die Welle. So können hohe Differenzdrehzahlen zwischen Gehäuse und Welle im Bereich der jeweiligen Wellendichtung über den Zwischenring aufgeteilt werden. Hierdurch reduziert sich der Wärmeeintrag in die Wellendichtung sowie die Verschleißanfälligkeit und das Ausfallrisiko. According to the invention, it is proposed to install the first sealing element and the second sealing element in a type of series connection in the area of each shaft seal, with the respective intermediate ring being positioned between the first sealing element and the second sealing element, which rotates at a lower speed than the shaft. In this way, high differential speeds between the housing and shaft in the area of the respective shaft seal can be divided via the intermediate ring. This reduces the heat input into the shaft seal as well as the susceptibility to wear and the risk of failure.
Vorzugsweise sind die Wellenlager Wälzlager mit einem Lagerinnenring, mit einem Lageraußenring und mit zwischen dem Lagerinnenring und dem Lageraußenring angeordneten, in einem Lagerkäfig geführten Wälzkörpern, wobei benachbart zu den Wellenlagern die Wellendichtungen angeordnet sind, und wobei der Zwischenring, der im Bereich einer jeweiligen Wellendichtung angeordnet ist, an den Lagerkäfig des jeweils benachbarten Wellenlagers drehfest angebunden ist. Diese Ausführung der Erfindung ist besonders bevorzugt. Dann, wenn der jeweilige Zwischenring an den Lagerkäfig des jeweiligen benachbarten Wellenlagers drehfest angebunden ist, rotiert der Zwischenring mit der Drehzahl des Lagerkäfigs und ist darüber hinaus definiert geführt. In diesem Fall ist es bevorzugt, wenn das jeweilige Wellenlager und die jeweilige Wellendichtung eine bauliche Einheit ausbilden. Dieselben können dann zusammen montiert und demontiert werden. The shaft bearings are preferably roller bearings with an inner bearing ring, with an outer bearing ring and with rolling elements arranged between the inner bearing ring and the outer bearing ring and guided in a bearing cage, with the shaft seals being arranged adjacent to the shaft bearings, and the intermediate ring being arranged in the region of a respective shaft seal is, is rotatably connected to the bearing cage of the adjacent shaft bearing. This embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred. When the respective intermediate ring is connected to the bearing cage of the respective adjacent shaft bearing in a rotationally fixed manner, the intermediate ring rotates at the speed of the bearing cage and is also guided in a defined manner. In this case it is preferred if the respective shaft bearing and the respective shaft seal form a structural unit. The same can then be assembled and disassembled together.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden, ohne hierauf beschränkt zu sein, an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt: Preferred developments result from the dependent claims and the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, without being limited thereto. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine schematisierte Ansicht einer elektrischen Maschine; Fig. 2 das Detail II der Fig. 1 . 1 shows a schematic view of an electrical machine; FIG. 2 shows detail II of FIG. 1 .
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Maschine. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung eine elektrische Maschine, die in einem Hybridfahrzeug oder Elektrofahrzeug als Antriebsaggregat dient, also der Bereitstellung von Antriebsleistung an einem Abtrieb des jeweiligen Fahrzeugs. The invention relates to an electrical machine. In particular, the invention relates to an electric machine that is used in a hybrid vehicle or electric vehicle as a drive unit, ie to provide drive power at an output of the respective vehicle.
Fig. 1 zeigt stark schematisiert eine elektrische Maschine 10, die über einen feststehenden Ständer 11 sowie einen rotierenden Läufer 12 verfügt. Der Ständer 11 wird auch als Stator und der Läufer 12 auch als Rotor bezeichnet. Der Ständer 11 weist ein feststehendes Gehäuse 22 auf. Ebenfalls verfügt der Ständer 11 über ein Statorblechpaket 13. Der Läufer 12 verfügt über eine Welle 14 sowie über ein Rotorblechpaket 15. Die Welle 14 ist relativ zum Gehäuse 22 drehbar. Zwischen dem Statorblechpaket 13 und dem Rotorblechpaket 15 ist ein Luftspalt 16 ausgebildet. 1 shows an electrical machine 10 in a highly schematic manner, which has a stationary stator 11 and a rotating rotor 12 . The stator 11 is also referred to as the stator and the runner 12 is also referred to as the rotor. The stand 11 has a fixed housing 22 . The stator 11 also has a stator lamination stack 13. The rotor 12 has a shaft 14 and a rotor lamination stack 15. The shaft 14 can be rotated relative to the housing 22. An air gap 16 is formed between the stator core 13 and the rotor core 15 .
Im Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine 10 rotiert der Läufer 12 relativ zum Ständer 11 . Hierzu sind Wellenlager 17 vorgesehen, über welche die Welle 14 gegenüber dem Gehäuse 22 drehbar gelagert ist. Gemäß Fig. 1 ist zu beiden Seiten des Rotorblechpakets 15 jeweils ein Wellenlager 17 vorhanden. When the electric machine 10 is in operation, the rotor 12 rotates relative to the stator 11 . Shaft bearings 17 are provided for this purpose, via which the shaft 14 is rotatably mounted relative to the housing 22 . According to FIG. 1, a shaft bearing 17 is present on each side of the laminated rotor core 15 .
Bei dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die elektrische Maschine 10 eine Innenläufermaschine. Bei einer Innenläufermaschine dreht die radial innen liegende Welle 14 gegenüber dem radial außen liegenden Gehäuse 22. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the electrical machine 10 is an internal rotor machine. In an internal rotor machine, the radially inner shaft 14 rotates in relation to the radially outer housing 22.
Die Erfindung kann auch bei elektrischen Maschinen zum Einsatz kommen, die als Außenläufermaschine ausgeführt sind. Bei einer Außenläufermaschine dreht die radial außen liegende Welle gegenüber dem radial innen liegenden Gehäuse. The invention can also be used in electrical machines that are designed as external rotor machines. In an external rotor machine, the radially outer shaft rotates in relation to the radially inner housing.
Die Wellenlager 17 sind vorzugsweise als Wälzlager ausgeführt. Ein derartiges Wälzlager verfügt über einen mit der Welle 14 gekoppelten ersten Lagerring, einen mit dem Gehäuse 22 gekoppelten zweiten Lagerring sowie über Wälzkörper, die zwischen den Lagerringen angeordnet sind. Diese Wälzkörper sind von einem Lagerkäfig aufgenommen. Der Aufbau eines Wälzlagers ist dem hier angesprochenen Fachmann an sich bekannt. Daher sind in Fig. 1 und 2 die Wellenlager 17 lediglich schematisiert gezeigt. The shaft bearings 17 are preferably designed as roller bearings. Such a roller bearing has a first bearing ring coupled to the shaft 14, a second bearing ring coupled to the housing 22, and rolling bodies that are arranged between the bearing rings. These rolling elements are held in a bearing cage. The structure of a roller bearing is known per se to the person skilled in the art addressed here. Therefore, the shaft bearings 17 are shown only schematically in Fig. 1 and 2.
Bei einer Innenläufermaschine ist der erste Lagerring, der mit der Welle 14 gekoppelt ist, ein Lagerinnenring, und der zweite Lagerring, der mit dem Gehäuse 22 gekoppelt ist, ist ein Lageraußenring. In an internal rotor machine, the first bearing ring coupled to the shaft 14 is an inner bearing race and the second bearing ring coupled to the housing 22 is an outer bearing race.
Bei einer Außenläufermaschine ist der erste Lagerring, der mit der Welle gekoppelt ist, ein Lageraußenring, und der zweite Lagerring, der mit dem Gehäuse gekoppelt ist, ist ein Lagerinnenring. In an external rotor machine, the first bearing ring that is coupled to the shaft is a bearing outer ring and the second bearing ring that is coupled to the housing is a bearing inner ring.
Fig. 1 zeigt weiter Wellendichtungen 18, die der Abdichtung der Welle 14 gegenüber dem Gehäuse 22 dienen. In Fig. 1 ist benachbart zu jedem Wellenlager 17 eine Wellendichtung 18 angeordnet, und zwar bezogen auf das Rotorblechpaket 15 axial innen, also mit geringerem Abstand zum Rotorblechpaket 15 als die Wellenlager 17. 1 also shows shaft seals 18 which serve to seal the shaft 14 from the housing 22 . In Fig. 1, a shaft seal 18 is arranged adjacent to each shaft bearing 17, specifically in relation to the laminated rotor core 15 axially on the inside, i.e. at a smaller distance from the laminated rotor core 15 than the shaft bearings 17.
Im Bereich der jeweiligen Wellendichtung 18 ist, in Radialrichtung gesehen, zwischen der Welle 14 und dem Gehäuse 22 ein Zwischenring 19 positioniert, der im Betrieb mit einer geringeren Drehzahl als die Welle 14 rotiert. In the area of the respective shaft seal 18 , viewed in the radial direction, an intermediate ring 19 is positioned between the shaft 14 and the housing 22 , which during operation rotates at a lower speed than the shaft 14 .
Zwischen dem jeweiligen Zwischenring 19 und der Welle 14 ist ein erstes Dichtungselement 20 angeordnet. Zwischen dem Zwischenring 19 und dem Gehäuse 22 ist ein zweites Dichtungselement 21 angeordnet, und zwar jeweils in Radialrichtung gesehen. A first sealing element 20 is arranged between the respective intermediate ring 19 and the shaft 14 . A second sealing element 21 is arranged between the intermediate ring 19 and the housing 22, in each case seen in the radial direction.
Die Differenzgeschwindigkeit zwischen der Welle 14 und dem Gehäuse 22 kann über den mit geringerer Drehzahl als die Welle 14 rotierenden Zwischenring 19 aufgeteilt werden, wodurch dann die zwischen dem Zwischenring 19, der Welle 14 und dem Gehäuse 22 positionierten Dichtungselemente 20, 21 einer geringeren Belastung und Erwärmung ausgesetzt sind als bei aus der Praxis bekannten elektrischen Maschinen. Hierdurch können die Verschleißanfälligkeit und Ausfallgefahr der elektrischen Maschine 10 reduziert werden. Der Zwischenring 19, der im Bereich der jeweiligen Wellendichtung 18 angeordnet ist, ist vorzugsweise mit den Dichtungselementen 20, 21 der jeweiligen Wellendichtung 18 verspannt. The differential speed between the shaft 14 and the housing 22 can be divided via the intermediate ring 19, which rotates at a lower speed than the shaft 14, as a result of which the sealing elements 20, 21 positioned between the intermediate ring 19, the shaft 14 and the housing 22 are subjected to less stress and Are exposed to heating than in electrical machines known from practice. As a result, the susceptibility to wear and the risk of failure of the electrical machine 10 can be reduced. The intermediate ring 19, which is arranged in the region of the respective shaft seal 18, is preferably braced with the sealing elements 20, 21 of the respective shaft seal 18.
Im Betrieb besteht Reibung zwischen dem Zwischenring 19 und den Dichtungselementen 20, 21. Ebenfalls besteht Reibung zwischen dem Dichtungselement 20 und der Welle 14 und dem Dichtungselement 21 und dem Gehäuse 22. Bereits durch diese Reibung kann der Zwischenring 19 rotatorisch angetrieben werden. During operation there is friction between the intermediate ring 19 and the sealing elements 20, 21. There is also friction between the sealing element 20 and the shaft 14 and the sealing element 21 and the housing 22. The intermediate ring 19 can already be driven in rotation by this friction.
Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, in welcher der Zwischenring 19, der im Bereich der jeweiligen Wellendichtung 18 zwischen den Dichtungselementen 20, 21 der jeweiligen Wellendichtung 18 angeordnet ist, mit dem Lagerkäfig des jeweils benachbarten Wellenlagers 17 drehfest verbunden ist. Der Zwischenring 19 rotiert dann mit der Drehzahl des Lagerkäfigs, also in etwa mit der halben Drehzahl der Welle 14. Hierdurch kann der Zwischenring 19 nicht nur besonders vorteilhaft angetrieben werden, vielmehr kann der Zwischenring 19 auch vorteilhaft geführt werden. An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which the intermediate ring 19, which is arranged in the region of the respective shaft seal 18 between the sealing elements 20, 21 of the respective shaft seal 18, is non-rotatably connected to the bearing cage of the respective adjacent shaft bearing 17. The intermediate ring 19 then rotates at the speed of the bearing cage, ie at approximately half the speed of the shaft 14. As a result, the intermediate ring 19 can not only be driven particularly advantageously, but the intermediate ring 19 can also be guided advantageously.
Dann, wenn der jeweilige Zwischenring 19 an den Lagerkäfig des jeweiligen Wellenlagers 17 drehfest angebunden sind, bilden das jeweilige Wellenlager 17 und die jeweilige Wellendichtung 18 vorzugsweise eine bauliche Einheit, sodass dieselben dann gemeinsam montiert und demontiert werden können. When the respective intermediate ring 19 is non-rotatably connected to the bearing cage of the respective shaft bearing 17, the respective shaft bearing 17 and the respective shaft seal 18 preferably form a structural unit so that they can then be assembled and disassembled together.
Um einen Antrieb des Zwischenrings 19 zu gewährleisten, ist es alternativ auch möglich, den Zwischenring 19 zum Beispiel über eine Übersetzungsstufe mit der Welle 14 kinematisch zu koppeln und mit einem definierten Verhältnis zur Drehzahl der Welle 14 anzutreiben. In order to ensure that the intermediate ring 19 is driven, it is alternatively also possible to kinematically couple the intermediate ring 19 to the shaft 14 via a transmission step, for example, and to drive it with a defined ratio to the rotational speed of the shaft 14 .
Es kann eine kinematische Kopplung von Zwischenring 19 und Welle 14 und/oder eine kinematische Kopplung von Zwischenring 19 und Gehäuse 22 bereitgestellt werden. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der elektrischen Maschine 10 um ein Antriebsaggregat eines Hybridfahrzeugs oder Elektrofahrzeugs, welches Antriebsleistung an einem Abtrieb des jeweiligen Fahrzeugs bereitstellt. Derartige elektrische Maschinen rotieren mit hohen Drehzahlen von mehr als 10000 U/min, insbesondere mit Drehzahlen von mehr als 15000 U/min. A kinematic coupling of intermediate ring 19 and shaft 14 and/or a kinematic coupling of intermediate ring 19 and housing 22 can be provided. The electrical machine 10 is preferably a drive unit of a hybrid vehicle or electric vehicle, which provides drive power at an output of the respective vehicle. Electrical machines of this type rotate at high speeds of more than 10,000 rpm, in particular at speeds of more than 15,000 rpm.
Bezuqszeichen elektrische Maschine Ständer/Stator Läufer/Rotor Statorblechpaket Welle Rotorbleckpaket Luftspalt Wellenlager Wellendichtung Zwischenring Dichtungselement Dichtungselement Gehäuse Reference sign electric machine Stator/stator Runner/rotor Stator core Shaft Rotor core Air gap Shaft bearing Shaft seal Intermediate ring Sealing element Sealing element Housing

Claims

Patentansprüche patent claims
1. Elektrische Maschine (10), mit einem Ständer (11 ), der ein Gehäuse (22) aufweist, mit einem Läufer (12), der eine Welle (14) aufweist, mit Wellenlagern (17), über welche die Welle (14) gegenüber dem Gehäuse (22) drehbar gelagert ist, mit Wellendichtungen (18), über welche die Welle (14) gegenüber dem Gehäuse (22) abgedichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich der jeweiligen Wellendichtung (18) zwischen der Welle (14) und dem Gehäuse (22) ein Zwischenring (19) positioniert ist, der im Betrieb mit einer geringeren Drehzahl rotiert als die Welle (14), zwischen dem jeweiligen Zwischenring (19) und der Welle (14) ein erstes Dichtungselement (20) angeordnet ist, zwischen dem jeweiligen Zwischenring (19) und dem Gehäuse (22) ein zweites Dichtungselement (21 ) angeordnet ist. 1. Electrical machine (10), with a stator (11) which has a housing (22), with a rotor (12) which has a shaft (14), with shaft bearings (17) via which the shaft (14 ) is rotatably mounted relative to the housing (22), with shaft seals (18) via which the shaft (14) is sealed relative to the housing (22), characterized in that in the area of the respective shaft seal (18) between the shaft (14 ) and the housing (22), an intermediate ring (19) is positioned, which during operation rotates at a lower speed than the shaft (14), a first sealing element (20) is arranged between the respective intermediate ring (19) and the shaft (14). is, between the respective intermediate ring (19) and the housing (22), a second sealing element (21) is arranged.
2. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zwischenring (19), der im Bereich einer jeweiligen Wellendichtung (18) angeordnet ist, mit den Dichtungselementen (20, 21 ) der jeweiligen Wellendichtung (18) verspannt ist. 2. Electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate ring (19), which is arranged in the region of a respective shaft seal (18), with the sealing elements (20, 21) of the respective shaft seal (18) is braced.
3. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wellenlager (17) Wälzlager mit einem Lagerinnenring, mit einem Lageraußenring und mit zwischen dem Lagerinnenring und dem Lageraußenring angeordneten, in einem Lagerkäfig geführten Wälzkörpern sind, benachbart zu den Wellenlagern (17) die Wellendichtungen (18) angeordnet sind, der Zwischenring (19), der im Bereich einer jeweiligen Wellendichtung (18) angeordnet ist, an den Lagerkäfig des jeweils benachbarten Wellenlagers (17) drehfest angebunden ist. 3. Electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaft bearings (17) are rolling bearings with a bearing inner ring, with a bearing outer ring and with rolling elements which are arranged between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring and are guided in a bearing cage, adjacent to the shaft bearings (17 ) the shaft seals (18) are arranged, the intermediate ring (19), which is arranged in the region of a respective shaft seal (18), is non-rotatably connected to the bearing cage of the respective adjacent shaft bearing (17).
8 8th
4. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das jeweilige Wellenlager (17) und die jeweilige Wellendichtung (18) eine bauliche Einheit bilden. 4. Electrical machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the respective shaft bearing (17) and the respective shaft seal (18) form a structural unit.
5. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zwischenring (19) über Reibung mit den Dichtungselementen (20, 21 ) der jeweiligen Wellendichtung (18) antreibbar ist. 5. Electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the intermediate ring (19) via friction with the sealing elements (20, 21) of the respective shaft seal (18) can be driven.
6. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zwischenring (19) über eine Übersetzungsstufe mit der Welle (14) kinematisch gekoppelt ist, um den Zwischenring (19) mit seiner Drehzahl anzutreiben. 6. Electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the intermediate ring (19) is kinematically coupled to the shaft (14) via a transmission step in order to drive the intermediate ring (19) at its speed.
7. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieselbe ein Antriebsaggregat eines Hybridfahrzeugs oder eines Elektrofahrzeugs ist. 7. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the same is a drive unit of a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
8. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieselbe eine Innenläufermaschine ist. 8. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the same is an internal rotor machine.
9. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieselbe eine Außenläufermaschine ist. 9. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the same is an external rotor machine.
9 9
PCT/EP2021/074697 2020-09-24 2021-09-08 Electric machine WO2022063579A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020211977.5 2020-09-24
DE102020211977.5A DE102020211977A1 (en) 2020-09-24 2020-09-24 electrical machine

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WO2022063579A1 true WO2022063579A1 (en) 2022-03-31

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5498085A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-03-12 Chrysler Corporation Shaft sealing systems
DE102014200020A1 (en) * 2014-01-03 2015-07-09 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh High-speed rotary seal
DE102016223964A1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Motor vehicle transmission device with an electric machine and a one-piece rotor transmission input shaft
DE102019002918A1 (en) 2018-05-08 2019-11-14 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg Electric motor with a rotor shaft and a first and second bearing

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5498085A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-03-12 Chrysler Corporation Shaft sealing systems
DE102014200020A1 (en) * 2014-01-03 2015-07-09 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh High-speed rotary seal
DE102016223964A1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Motor vehicle transmission device with an electric machine and a one-piece rotor transmission input shaft
DE102019002918A1 (en) 2018-05-08 2019-11-14 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg Electric motor with a rotor shaft and a first and second bearing

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