WO2022061977A1 - Appareil d'affichage tridimensionnel à points de vue multiples et procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Appareil d'affichage tridimensionnel à points de vue multiples et procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022061977A1
WO2022061977A1 PCT/CN2020/120577 CN2020120577W WO2022061977A1 WO 2022061977 A1 WO2022061977 A1 WO 2022061977A1 CN 2020120577 W CN2020120577 W CN 2020120577W WO 2022061977 A1 WO2022061977 A1 WO 2022061977A1
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Prior art keywords
grating
dimensional
screen
pixel
display
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PCT/CN2020/120577
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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周常河
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中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
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Publication of WO2022061977A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022061977A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/34—Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a three-dimensional display grating, in particular to a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device and a manufacturing method, in particular to a combination of a turning grating and a pixel grating, which can be used as a means of three-dimensional display and is applied to the three-dimensional display of various screens.
  • Stereoscopic display including mobile phone screen, computer screen, and other various display screens, realizes the effect of multi-view stereoscopic display.
  • Three-dimensional display has always been the goal pursued by modern science and technology, especially the use of mobile phones, computers, TVs, and large display screens can produce three-dimensional display effects, which is a promising and important direction.
  • Holographic 3D display is an optical technology, but it requires optical interference technology.
  • the pixel resolution required by optical interference reaches the wavelength level.
  • the size of mobile phone pixels is still far larger than the display wavelength. Therefore, holographic 3D display technology is developed through mobile phone or computer screen, etc. It is not realistic yet.
  • the multi-view 3D display is to project the light emitted by each pixel of the screen to different viewpoint positions, and realize 3D display through different viewpoints. Especially with the promotion of high-resolution mobile phone screens, multi-view Three-dimensional stereoscopic display has a future.
  • the problem is that every point on the screen of the mobile phone is projected to a different point of view, so different density gratings need to be used.
  • the grating density is continuously changing, from very low line density to more than a thousand lines. It is difficult to achieve high efficiency, polarization independent, and broadband, which can meet the requirements of red, green and blue three-color light of screen pixels. It is difficult to make blazed gratings or gratings with continuous grayscale changes, and the processing process is difficult. Precise control ensures that the processed continuous grating has good performance.
  • the present invention provides a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device and a manufacturing method, which utilizes double-layer gratings to realize high-efficiency, polarization-independent three-dimensional display.
  • double-layer grating the problem of broadband, polarization-independent and high-efficiency diffraction is cleverly solved, and it has important application prospects.
  • Double-layer gratings include turning gratings and pixel gratings.
  • the first layer of grating is a turning grating, whose purpose is to deflect the light emitted from a small angle from the screen and reduce its zero-order diffracted light to reduce the interference to the three-dimensional display in the window, while the negative first-order diffracted light reaches the maximum value.
  • the second layer of pixel grating is to diffract the negative first-order diffracted light of the first layer into the desired multi-view window to realize the effect of three-dimensional multi-view display.
  • a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device is characterized in that a display screen and a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating are sequentially included along the light direction, and the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating is composed of a first layer of turning gratings and a second layer of pixel gratings,
  • the turning grating deflects the emitted light from each pixel of the display screen, reduces the light intensity of the zero-order diffracted light, and increases the light intensity of the negative first-order diffracted light;
  • the pixel grating diffracts the negative first-order diffracted light Go to the multi-view area of the multi-view 3D window to realize 3D multi-view display.
  • the display screen is a mobile phone screen, a computer screen, a tablet computer screen, a TV screen, or any other type of display screen.
  • the turning grating can be an inclined grating with different distribution structures through grating design, including optimized film layer, grating pitch d 1 , opening ratio f 1 , grating groove h 1 , grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 , to achieve high efficiency, Polarization-independent, simultaneous broadband, high-efficiency diffraction to negative first order beam steering performance for the red, green, and blue primary colors of screen pixels.
  • the turning grating can also be a blazed grating, and the blazed grating has an optimized grating groove type through grating design, including optimized film layer, grating pitch d 1 , opening ratio f 1 , grating groove h 1 , grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 , to achieve high-efficiency, polarization-independent, broadband, high-efficiency diffraction to the negative first-order beam steering performance for the red, green, and blue three primary colors of the screen pixels at the same time. .
  • the turning grating can also be a continuous grayscale grating, and the continuous grayscale grating has an optimized grayscale distribution groove through the grating design, including optimized film layers, grayscale distribution, and depth, so as to achieve high diffraction efficiency, broadband, Polarization-independent beam steering.
  • the specific structure of the pixel grating is designed through the grating.
  • grating opening ratios and different grating groove depths there will be different grating diffraction efficiencies, so as to achieve broadband, polarization-independent beam diffraction to multi-view areas, and achieve 3D multi-view display effect.
  • the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device the turning grating and the pixel grating are obtained by exposure by a laser direct writing system, or by exposure by a laser holographic double-beam interference system, and can also be exposed by an electron beam system direct writing mask , and then obtained by developing and etching.
  • the invention utilizes the double-layer grating to realize high-efficiency, polarization-independent three-dimensional display.
  • the double-layer grating includes a first-layer turning grating and a second-layer pixel grating.
  • the first layer of grating is a turning grating, whose purpose is to deflect the light emitted from a small angle from the screen and reduce its zero-order diffracted light to reduce the interference to the three-dimensional display in the window, while the negative first-order diffracted light reaches the maximum value.
  • the second layer of pixel grating is to diffract the negative first-order diffracted light of the first layer into the desired multi-view window to realize the effect of three-dimensional multi-view display.
  • the invention can diffract each pixel on the display screen plane to a multi-viewpoint three-dimensional window, realize the diffraction of a broadband, polarization-independent beam to a multi-viewpoint area, and realize a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display effect.
  • the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display double-layer grating has high combined diffraction efficiency, is polarization independent, can be mass-produced and replicated, will be widely used in the field of three-dimensional display screens, and is a promising core key technology in the field of three-dimensional display screens.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device of the present invention for realizing three-dimensional display.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a possible embodiment of a turning grating.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a possible embodiment of a pixel grating.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device of the present invention for realizing three-dimensional display. It can be seen from the figure that the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device of the present invention sequentially includes a display screen 1 and a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating along the light direction.
  • a multi-view three-dimensional window 4 is formed, and the three-dimensional multi-view display grating is composed of a first-layer turning grating 2 and a second-layer pixel grating 3, and the turning grating 2 is an inclined grating, a blazed grating or a continuous grayscale grating;
  • the pixel grating 3 corresponds to each pixel on the display screen 1, and diffracts the red, green and blue light emitted by each pixel of the display screen 1 to the multi-viewing angle of the multi-view three-dimensional window 4. area to achieve 3D multi-view display.
  • the display screen 1 is a mobile phone screen, a computer screen, a tablet computer screen, a TV screen, or any other type of display screen.
  • the turning grating 2 is an inclined grating with different distribution structures through grating design, including optimized film layers, grating pitch d 1 , opening ratio f 1 , grating groove h 1 , grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 , to achieve high efficiency, Polarization-independent, simultaneous broadband, high-efficiency diffraction to negative first order beam steering performance for the red, green, and blue primary colors of screen pixels.
  • the turning grating 2 is a blazed grating, and the blazed grating has an optimized grating groove type through grating design, including an optimized film layer, grating pitch d 1 , opening ratio f 1 , grating groove h 1 , grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 , Achieve high-efficiency, polarization-independent, wide-band, high-efficiency diffraction to negative first-order beam steering performance for the red, green, and blue primary colors of screen pixels at the same time.
  • the turning grating 2 is a continuous grayscale grating, and the continuous grayscale grating has an optimized grayscale distribution groove through the grating design, including optimized film layers, grayscale distribution, and depth, to achieve high diffraction efficiency, broadband, polarization Unrelated beam steering.
  • the specific structure of the pixel grating 3 is designed through the grating.
  • grating opening ratios and different grating groove depths there will be different grating diffraction efficiencies, so as to achieve broadband, polarization-independent beam diffraction to multi-view areas, Realize three-dimensional multi-view display effect.
  • the turning grating 2 and the pixel grating 3 are obtained by exposure by a laser direct writing system, or by a double beam interference system of laser holography.
  • the film is exposed and obtained by developing and etching.
  • the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device is connected by a combination of a display screen and a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display grating, which produces the effect of multi-viewpoint three-dimensional display.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device of the present invention for realizing three-dimensional display.
  • 1 is a display screen, which can be a mobile phone screen, a computer screen, a TV screen, or other types of display screens;
  • 2 is a turning grating, the purpose of which is to deflect the small-angle emission light emitted by the display screen in the negative first-order direction by an angle
  • 3 is a pixel grating, the purpose of which is to reverse and diffract the negative first-order diffracted light of the turning grating into the multi-view window 4 to achieve the effect of three-dimensional display.
  • 4 is a multi-view three-dimensional viewing window.
  • the light emitted from the display screen 1 passes through the turning grating 2 and the pixel grating 3 and finally reaches the multi-view three-dimensional viewing window 4 .
  • 5 is the light emitted by the display screen 1; 6 is the oblique light after passing through the turning grating 2; 7 is the light projected to the multi-view three-dimensional window 4 after passing through the pixel grating 3.
  • the three-dimensional multi-view display grating is composed of a turning grating 2 and a pixel grating 3, wherein the turning grating 2 can be an oblique grating, a blazed grating or a continuous grayscale grating; the pixel grating 3 corresponds to each pixel on the display screen, The three-color light of red, green and blue emitted by each pixel of the display screen is diffracted to the multi-viewpoint display area to achieve a three-dimensional display effect.
  • the optimized grating pitch d1 ranges from 400nm to 2000nm
  • the opening ratio f1 ranges from 0.1 to 0.9
  • the grating groove h1 ranges from several Within a micron
  • the grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 can be any angle, and the optimal range is 5°-40°, so as to achieve high efficiency, polarization-independent, and high-efficiency diffraction of the red, green, and blue three primary colors of screen pixels to the negative first order.
  • the aperture ratio f 1 is defined as the ratio of the grating groove width to the period, which is not marked in the figure. After the light 5 from the screen passes through the turning grating, the negative first order diffraction is light 6.
  • the turning grating 2 can be an inclined grating, and the inclined grating can have different distribution structures, for example, optimized film layer and grating opening ratio, grating groove depth, in order to achieve high diffraction efficiency, and have polarization-independent performance; through grating design can be achieved Broadband, polarization-independent beam steering.
  • the turning grating can be an inclined grating
  • the inclined grating can have an optimized grating groove type, for example, an optimized base film layer 201, a substrate 202, a grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 , an opening ratio f 1 , and a grating groove depth h 1
  • the grating film layer 203 achieves high diffraction efficiency and has polarization-independent performance; broadband, polarization-independent beam steering can be realized through the grating design.
  • Base film layer 201 (or matching high-efficiency coupling layer between screen pixels and turning grating), grating film layer 203 (or matching high-efficiency coupling layer between turning grating and pixel grating), the purpose is to emit red, green and blue to screen pixels
  • the three-color light has high transmittance, for example, higher than 95%;
  • the grating inclination angle ⁇ 1 can be any angle, and its purpose is to make the grating diffraction efficiency of the negative first-order diffraction of the light emitted by the screen pixels very high, and the zero-order light and the positive one
  • the order light is very weak;
  • the grating groove depth h 1 is within a few wavelengths corresponding to red, green and blue; the grating is designed and manufactured to achieve high polarization-independent diffraction efficiency, while having a high signal-to-noise ratio, that is, a low zero first-order light and positive first-order diffracted light.
  • the turning grating 2 can be a continuous grayscale grating, and the continuous grayscale grating can have an optimized grayscale distribution groove, for example, an optimized film layer, grayscale distribution and depth can achieve high diffraction efficiency and have polarization. Independent performance; broadband, polarization-independent beam steering can be achieved through grating design.
  • the purpose of the film layers 201 and 203 is to have high transmittance for the red, green and blue light emitted by the screen pixels, for example, higher than 95%; the depth of the grating groove is within several wavelengths corresponding to red, green and blue; the design of the grating and the The fabrication aims to achieve high polarization-independent diffraction efficiency.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a possible embodiment of the pixel grating 3 .
  • the aperture ratio f 2 is defined as the ratio of the grating groove width to the period, which is not marked in the figure.
  • the pixel grating 3 may have a specific distribution structure, optimized base film layer 301, substrate 302, grating inclination angle ⁇ 2 , opening ratio f 2 , grating groove depth h 2 , grating film layer 303, under different grating opening ratio f In 2 cases, different grating groove depths h 2 will have different grating diffraction efficiencies.
  • the red, green and blue light emitted by each pixel of the display screen 1 can be diffracted to the multi-view three-dimensional window 4
  • the multi-view area can realize 3D multi-view display.
  • the transmittance of the optimized base film layer 301 is higher than 95%; the grating inclination angle ⁇ 2 is any angle, and the optimized range is 5°-40°; the optimized range of the aperture ratio f 2 is 0.1-0.9, and the optimized range of the grating groove depth h 2 is Within a few microns, the transmittance of the grating film layer 303 is higher than 95%. In the case of different grating opening ratio f 2 and different grating groove depth h 2 , there will be different grating diffraction efficiencies. The optimized diffraction efficiency The range can be 60%--100%.
  • the three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display device is composed of a display screen and a three-dimensional display double-layer grating. After the combination is completed, each pixel on the display screen will diffract into different viewpoints to achieve a three-dimensional multi-viewpoint display effect.
  • the three-dimensional multi-view double-layer display device is a new type of three-dimensional display device. need.
  • volume holography can meet the requirements of diffracting screen light to multi-view windows, but volume holographic materials are often difficult to achieve broadband high efficiency and continuously adjustable diffraction angles and other requirements, and the long-term stability of volume holographic materials and mass production Consistency is also difficult to guarantee.
  • the use of single-layer continuous grayscale, continuously variable density grating or blazed continuous deflection angle grating also faces difficulties in satisfying processing consistency and high efficiency, polarization independence, and continuously variable diffraction angle.
  • the present invention solves these problems by cleverly utilizing the numerical optimization structure of the double-layer grating.
  • the so-called numerical optimization structure of double-layer grating here refers to whether it is the inclined grating of the first layer or the pixel grating of the second layer, which can be determined by "numerical" optimization by computer. Knowing the performance of each layer of grating, through the optimization of the grating structure, the bandwidth, polarization independence, efficiency, deflection angle, etc. of the three primary colors are corrected and compensated to achieve the desired three-dimensional multi-view display requirements. This provides us with an unprecedented tool for realizing 3D multi-viewpoint display, thereby realizing numerically controllable diffraction function, which has become a revolutionary realization technology in the field of 3D display.
  • the present invention can be applied to all types of flat display screens, so that it can realize the function of three-dimensional display, and will play an irreplaceable and important role in the field of three-dimensional display.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil d'affichage tridimensionnel à points de vue multiples et un procédé de fabrication ; l'appareil d'affichage tridimensionnel à points de vue multiples comprend, en séquence, un écran d'affichage (1), un réseau d'affichage tridimensionnel à points de vue multiples, et une fenêtre tridimensionnelle à points de vue multiples (4) ; le réseau d'affichage tridimensionnel à points de vue multiples est constitué d'un réseau de diffraction de rotation (2) d'une première couche et d'un réseau de pixels d'une seconde couche (3) ; le réseau de diffraction de rotation (2) étant un réseau d'inclinaison, un réseau blazé, ou un réseau de niveaux de gris continu ; le réseau de pixels (3) correspond à chaque pixel sur l'écran d'affichage (1), et diffracte la lumière rouge, verte et bleue à partir de chaque pixel de l'écran d'affichage (1) à la zone à points de vue multiples de la fenêtre tridimensionnelle à points de vue multiples (4), ce qui permet d'obtenir un affichage tridimensionnel à points de vue multiples. Le réseau à double couche d'affichage tridimensionnel à points de vue multiples peut être produit et répliqué dans de grands volumes, et peut être largement utilisé dans le domaine des écrans d'affichage tridimensionnels.
PCT/CN2020/120577 2020-09-23 2020-10-13 Appareil d'affichage tridimensionnel à points de vue multiples et procédé de fabrication WO2022061977A1 (fr)

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CN202011012186.4A CN114253005A (zh) 2020-09-23 2020-09-23 三维多视点显示装置及制造方法

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