WO2022058060A1 - Method for operating a fuel cell apparatus, fuel cell apparatus and motor vehicle having a fuel cell apparatus - Google Patents
Method for operating a fuel cell apparatus, fuel cell apparatus and motor vehicle having a fuel cell apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022058060A1 WO2022058060A1 PCT/EP2021/066391 EP2021066391W WO2022058060A1 WO 2022058060 A1 WO2022058060 A1 WO 2022058060A1 EP 2021066391 W EP2021066391 W EP 2021066391W WO 2022058060 A1 WO2022058060 A1 WO 2022058060A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- fuel
- operating mode
- operating
- cell device
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
- F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
- F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
- F04F5/461—Adjustable nozzles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell device with a fuel cell stack having at least one fuel cell and a controllable ejector pump on the anode side, comprising the steps:
- the invention further relates to a fuel cell device and a motor vehicle with such a fuel cell device.
- Fuel cells are used to provide electrical energy in a chemical reaction between a fuel, usually hydrogen, and an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent, usually air. If the power requirement exceeds the power provided by the fuel cell, it is possible to combine several fuel cells in series to form a fuel cell stack, although the need for the reactants involved in the chemical reaction increases and there is a need on the cathode side to store the air in a compressor to compress. On the anode side, the fuel is usually fabric reservoir provided. The fuel and also the oxidizing agent are supplied to the fuel cells in a hyper-stoichiometric manner in order to maximize their efficiency. Fuel that has not reacted in the fuel cells is recirculated in an anode circuit to reduce fuel consumption, ie fed back to the fuel cells. A suction jet pump with the fuel as the driving medium is used to convey the fuel, which at the same time conveys the unreacted fuel from the anode circuit.
- the ejector pump can be regulated in order to be able to adapt the recirculation capability depending on the load point.
- the controllability is achieved by changing the cross section of the nozzle of the ejector pump. This arrangement has not yet been mass-produced, since the performance at system load points with only low fuel consumption and correspondingly low supplied fuel propellant mass flow is not sufficient to ensure stable operation of the fuel cell stack.
- DE 10 2011 086 917 A1 discloses a fuel cell device in which a jet pump and a proportional solenoid valve arranged upstream are connected to a hydrogen supply line.
- a controller controls operation of the proportional solenoid valve according to a pulse flow control method in a low power range portion in which an instantaneous power is lower than a predetermined reference power.
- WO 2007/124006 A2 discloses a fuel cell device with an ejector pump and a control valve which is opened in a pulsating manner to supply fuel to the fuel cell stack.
- a jet pump unit with a metering valve is described in DE 10 2017 212 726 B3, with the flow cross section of the passage channel of the metering valve being variable.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for improved operation of a fuel cell device both at low and at high load requirements.
- the object is also to provide an improved fuel cell device and an improved motor vehicle.
- the method mentioned at the beginning offers the advantage that the pulsating opening of the opening cross section of the ejector nozzle leads to improved performance of the controllable ejector pump and thus to increased efficiency of the fuel cell device in a low load range, i.e. at a load requirement that is lower than a previously defined reference level , even without a control valve arranged upstream, so that a simplified apparatus structure is present and the advantages of pulsed operation are provided solely by the ejector pump.
- Switching to the second operating mode at higher load requirements, ie load requirements that are above the previously defined reference level enables operation in a conventional manner without pulsation.
- a pressure control valve arranged upstream of the controllable suction jet pump is opened in a pulsating manner.
- the pulsating opening of the pressure control valve generates a pressure surge, which can also cause the pressure in the anode line to be modified, so that larger pressure changes can also be implemented in a simple manner, with the required amount of fuel being adjusted by modifying the control of the pressure control valve, which means that pulsating dynamics occur upstream of the ejector pump.
- the pressure control valve and the opening cross-section of the ejector nozzle can be closed, which achieves a double shut-off function. It is particularly advantageous that there is a switch between the first and the second operating mode depending on at least one parameter, the parameter being selected from a group comprising the load profile, the water content and the temperature of the at least one fuel cell, the proportion of inert gases in the fuel recirculation line and the fuel cell stack current and the aging condition of the at least one fuel cell. It is also advantageous that switching over the operating modes is dependent on any combination of parameters. Switching between the two modes of operation allows for improved performance and efficiency of the fuel cell device at different load requirements. Furthermore, the water discharge is improved and the fuel consumption is reduced. Improved operational stability also results in slower aging of the fuel cell stack.
- the pressure upstream of the suction jet pump is adjusted dynamically in the second operating mode and that the fuel quantity supplied to the fuel cell device is also metered via the opening cross section of the suction jet pump nozzle. This takes place without the pulsation used in the first operating mode.
- the possibility of dynamic adjustment and needs-based dosing increases the efficiency of the fuel cell device with regard to wear, costs, operational stability and performance.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell device with a suction jet pump.
- FIG. 1 it can be seen from FIG. 1 that in the fuel cell device 1 there is a fuel tank 10 on the anode side, from which fuel is supplied through a fuel line 5 to a fuel cell stack 4 having at least one fuel cell.
- the fuel cells are shown only schematically in their serial arrangement.
- an anode circuit 7 with a fuel recirculation line 2 which is routed from an anode outlet 3 of the fuel cell stack 4 to the fuel line 5 upstream of an anode inlet 6 .
- An anode separator (not shown in detail) can be associated with the fuel recirculation line 2 in order to remove excess liquid from the anode circuit 7 .
- a recirculation fan 8 is integrated into the recirculation line 2 in order to supply the fuel that has not been converted in the fuel cell stack 4 with a plurality of fuel cells again, and thus to “recirculate” it.
- the recirculation fan 8 can also be omitted because the fuel recirculation line 2 opens into a controllable ejector pump 9 of the fuel line 5, with the ejector pump 9 using the fuel as a driving medium, so that different proportions of the fresh fuel taken from the fuel tank 10 and the recirculated fuel reach the anode inlet 6 of the fuel cell stack 4 can be supplied again.
- this ejector pump 9 is operated at low load requirements, i.e. in a load range that is below a previously defined reference level with a low fuel requirement that does not reliably ensure recirculation, in such a way that the opening cross section of the ejector pump nozzle is opened in a pulsating manner. There is therefore an increased fuel flow during the pulse.
- a switch is made to a second operating mode, which is characterized by a constant pressure upstream of the ejector pump 9 and an opening cross section of the ejector nozzle adapted to the load.
- a pressure control valve 11 arranged upstream of the controllable ejector pump 9 is opened in a pulsating manner.
- the pressure control valve 11 and the opening cross section of the suction jet pump nozzle are closed, as a result of which a double shut-off function is achieved.
- Switching between the two different operating modes does not only depend on the load requirement, but also depends on the situation or at least one parameter.
- This parameter is selected from a group that includes the load profile, the water content and the temperature of the at least one fuel cell and the fuel cell stack current and the aging condition of the at least one fuel cell. Any combination of the listed parameters can also result in switching to the respective other operating mode.
- the pressure upstream of the ejector pump 9 to be dynamically adjusted in the second operating mode and/or for the fuel quantity supplied to the at least one fuel cell to be metered via the opening cross section of the ejector pump nozzle, thereby improving can react to the required load requirement.
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell apparatus (1) having a fuel cell stack (4) which has at least one fuel cell and a controllable suction jet pump (9) arranged on the anode side, said method comprising the steps: operating the fuel cell apparatus (1) in a first operating mode for lower load ranges, wherein the opening cross section of a suction jet pump nozzle is opened in a pulsing manner, changing to a second operating mode as the load rises, wherein the pressure upstream of the suction jet pump (9) is held constant and the opening cross section of the suction jet pump nozzle is adapted to the load. The invention furthermore relates to a fuel cell apparatus (1) and a motor vehicle having such a fuel cell apparatus (1).
Description
Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung, Method for operating a fuel cell device,
Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung sowie fuel cell device as well
Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung Motor vehicle with a fuel cell device
BESCHREIBUNG: DESCRIPTION:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit einem mindestens eine Brennstoffzelle aufweisenden Brennstoffzellenstapel und einer anodenseitigen regelbaren Saugstrahlpumpe, umfassend die Schritte: The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell device with a fuel cell stack having at least one fuel cell and a controllable ejector pump on the anode side, comprising the steps:
- Betreiben der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung in einem ersten Betriebsmodus für untere Lastbereiche, wobei der Öffnungsquerschnitt einer Saugstrahlpumpendüse pulsierend geöffnet wird, - Operating the fuel cell device in a first operating mode for lower load ranges, the opening cross section of a suction jet pump nozzle being opened in a pulsating manner,
- Umschalten in einen zweiten Betriebsmodus bei steigender Last, wobei der Druck stromauf der Saugstrahlpumpe konstant gehalten und der Öffnungsquerschnitt der Saugstrahlpumpendüse an die Last angepasst wird. - Switching to a second operating mode with increasing load, the pressure upstream of the ejector pump being kept constant and the opening cross-section of the ejector nozzle being adapted to the load.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer derartigen Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung. The invention further relates to a fuel cell device and a motor vehicle with such a fuel cell device.
Brennstoffzellen dienen dazu, in einer chemischen Reaktion zwischen einem Brennstoff, in der Regel Wasserstoff, und einem sauerstoffhaltigen Oxidationsmittel, in der Regel Luft, elektrische Energie bereitzustellen. Sofern der Leistungsbedarf dabei die durch die Brennstoffzelle bereitgestellte Leistung übersteigt, besteht die Möglichkeit, mehrere Brennstoffzellen in Serie zu einem Brennstoffzellenstapel zusammenzufassen, wobei sich allerdings der Bedarf an den bei der chemischen Reaktion beteiligten Reaktanten erhöht und kathodenseitig die Notwendigkeit besteht, die Luft in einem Verdichter zu komprimieren. Anodenseitig wird der Brennstoff zumeist aus einem Brenn-
stoffreservoir bereitgestellt. Den Brennstoffzellen wird der Brennstoff und auch das Oxidationsmittel überstöchiometrisch zugeführt, um deren Effizienz zu maximieren. An den Brennstoffzellen nicht abreagierter Brennstoff wird zur Reduktion des Brennstoffverbrauchs in einem Anodenkreislauf rezirkuliert, d.h. den Brennstoffzellen erneut zugeführt. Zur Förderung des Brennstoffes wird eine Saugstrahlpumpe mit dem Brennstoff als Treibmedium eingesetzt, die zugleich den nicht abreagierten Brennstoff aus dem Anodenkreislauf fördert. Fuel cells are used to provide electrical energy in a chemical reaction between a fuel, usually hydrogen, and an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent, usually air. If the power requirement exceeds the power provided by the fuel cell, it is possible to combine several fuel cells in series to form a fuel cell stack, although the need for the reactants involved in the chemical reaction increases and there is a need on the cathode side to store the air in a compressor to compress. On the anode side, the fuel is usually fabric reservoir provided. The fuel and also the oxidizing agent are supplied to the fuel cells in a hyper-stoichiometric manner in order to maximize their efficiency. Fuel that has not reacted in the fuel cells is recirculated in an anode circuit to reduce fuel consumption, ie fed back to the fuel cells. A suction jet pump with the fuel as the driving medium is used to convey the fuel, which at the same time conveys the unreacted fuel from the anode circuit.
Die Saugstrahlpumpe ist dabei regelbar, um die Rezirkulationsfähigkeit lastpunktabhängig anpassen zu können. Die Regelbarkeit wird durch eine Veränderung des Querschnitts der Düse der Saugstrahlpumpe erreicht. Diese Anordnung wird bisher noch nicht seriell produziert, da die Leistungsfähigkeit in System-Lastpunkten mit nur geringem Brennstoffverbrauch und dementsprechend gering zugeführten Brennstoff-Treibmassenstrom nicht ausreichend ist, um einen stabilen Betrieb des Brennstoffzellenstapels sicherzustellen. The ejector pump can be regulated in order to be able to adapt the recirculation capability depending on the load point. The controllability is achieved by changing the cross section of the nozzle of the ejector pump. This arrangement has not yet been mass-produced, since the performance at system load points with only low fuel consumption and correspondingly low supplied fuel propellant mass flow is not sufficient to ensure stable operation of the fuel cell stack.
In der DE 10 2011 086 917 A1 wird eine Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung offenbart, bei der eine Strahlpumpe und ein stromauf angeordnetes Proportional- Magnetventil mit einer Wasserstoffversorgungsleitung in Verbindung steht. Eine Regeleinrichtung regelt den Betrieb des Proportional-Magnetventils gemäß einem Pulse-Flow-Regelungsverfahrens in einem Abschnitt im unteren Leistungsbereich, in welchem eine augenblickliche Leistung niedriger als eine vorbestimmte Referenzleistung ist. Die WO 2007/124006 A2 offenbart eine Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit einer Saugstrahlpumpe und einem Regelventil, das pulsierend für die Brennstoffversorgung des Brennstoffzellenstapel geöffnet wird. Eine Strahlpumpeneinheit mit einem Dosierventil wird in der DE 10 2017 212 726 B3 beschrieben, wobei der Strömungsquerschnitt des Durchlasskanals des Dosierventils veränderlich ist. DE 10 2011 086 917 A1 discloses a fuel cell device in which a jet pump and a proportional solenoid valve arranged upstream are connected to a hydrogen supply line. A controller controls operation of the proportional solenoid valve according to a pulse flow control method in a low power range portion in which an instantaneous power is lower than a predetermined reference power. WO 2007/124006 A2 discloses a fuel cell device with an ejector pump and a control valve which is opened in a pulsating manner to supply fuel to the fuel cell stack. A jet pump unit with a metering valve is described in DE 10 2017 212 726 B3, with the flow cross section of the passage channel of the metering valve being variable.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum verbesserten Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung sowohl bei niedrigen als auch hohen Lastanforderungen bereitzustellen.
Aufgabe ist weiterhin, eine verbesserte Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung und ein verbessertes Kraftfahrzeug bereit zu stellen. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for improved operation of a fuel cell device both at low and at high load requirements. The object is also to provide an improved fuel cell device and an improved motor vehicle.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 , durch eine Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 und durch ein Kraftfahrzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen mit zweckmäßigen Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1, by a fuel cell device having the features of claim 9 and by a motor vehicle having the features of claim 10. Advantageous configurations with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
Das eingangs genannte Verfahren bietet den Vorteil, dass das pulsierende Öffnen des Öffnungsquerschnitts der Saugstrahlpumpendüse zu einer verbesserten Leistungsfähigkeit der regelbaren Saugstrahlpumpe und damit zu einer gesteigerten Effizienz der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung in einem niedrigen Lastbereich, also bei einer Lastanforderung die niedriger ist als ein zuvor definiertes Referenzniveau, führt, und zwar auch ohne ein stromauf angeordnetes Regelventil, so dass ein vereinfachter apparativer Aufbau vorliegt und die Vorteile des Pulsbetriebes allein durch die Saugstrahlpumpe bereit gestellt sind. Das Umschalten in den zweiten Betriebsmodus bei höheren Lastanforderungen, also Lastanforderungen die über dem zuvor definierten Referenzniveau liegen, ermöglicht den Betrieb in herkömmlicher Weise ohne Pulsation. The method mentioned at the beginning offers the advantage that the pulsating opening of the opening cross section of the ejector nozzle leads to improved performance of the controllable ejector pump and thus to increased efficiency of the fuel cell device in a low load range, i.e. at a load requirement that is lower than a previously defined reference level , even without a control valve arranged upstream, so that a simplified apparatus structure is present and the advantages of pulsed operation are provided solely by the ejector pump. Switching to the second operating mode at higher load requirements, ie load requirements that are above the previously defined reference level, enables operation in a conventional manner without pulsation.
Auch besteht die Möglichkeit, dass im ersten Betriebsmodus ein stromauf der regelbaren Saugstrahlpumpe angeordnetes Druckregelventil pulsierend geöffnet wird. Durch das pulsierende Öffnen des Druckregelventils wird ein Druckstoß erzeugt, der ergänzend die Modifikation des Druckes in der Anodenleitung bewirken kann und so auch größere Druckänderungen in einfacher Weise realisiert werden können, wobei die erforderliche Brennstoffmenge über eine Modifizierung der Ansteuerung des Druckregelventils eingeregelt wird, wodurch es stromauf der Saugstrahlpumpe zu einer pulsierenden Dynamik kommt. There is also the possibility that in the first operating mode a pressure control valve arranged upstream of the controllable suction jet pump is opened in a pulsating manner. The pulsating opening of the pressure control valve generates a pressure surge, which can also cause the pressure in the anode line to be modified, so that larger pressure changes can also be implemented in a simple manner, with the required amount of fuel being adjusted by modifying the control of the pressure control valve, which means that pulsating dynamics occur upstream of the ejector pump.
Es ist weiterhin möglich, dass das Druckregelventil und der Öffnungsquer- schnitt der Saugstrahlpumpendüse geschlossen werden, wodurch eine doppelte Absperrfunktion erreicht wird.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, dass zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Betriebsmodus in Abhängigkeit von mindesten einem Parameter umgeschaltet wird, wobei der Parameter ausgewählt wird aus einer Gruppe die umfasst das Lastprofil, den Wassergehalt und die Temperatur der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle, den Anteil von Intergasen in der Brennstoffrezirkulationslei- tung sowie den Brennstoffzellenstapelstrom und den Alterungszustand der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle. Vorteilhaft ist es auch, dass das Umschalten der Betriebsmodi abhängig ist von einer beliebigen Kombination der Parameter. Das Umschalten zwischen den zwei Betriebsmodi ermöglicht eine verbesserte Leistungsfähigkeit und Effizienz der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung bei verschiedenen Lastanforderungen. Weiterhin wird der Wasseraustrag verbessert und der Brennstoffverbrauch verringert. Durch eine verbesserte Betriebsstabilität wird zudem eine langsamere Alterung des Brennstoffzellenstapels realisiert. It is also possible for the pressure control valve and the opening cross-section of the ejector nozzle to be closed, which achieves a double shut-off function. It is particularly advantageous that there is a switch between the first and the second operating mode depending on at least one parameter, the parameter being selected from a group comprising the load profile, the water content and the temperature of the at least one fuel cell, the proportion of inert gases in the fuel recirculation line and the fuel cell stack current and the aging condition of the at least one fuel cell. It is also advantageous that switching over the operating modes is dependent on any combination of parameters. Switching between the two modes of operation allows for improved performance and efficiency of the fuel cell device at different load requirements. Furthermore, the water discharge is improved and the fuel consumption is reduced. Improved operational stability also results in slower aging of the fuel cell stack.
Bevorzugt ist es auch, dass der Druck stromauf der Saugstrahlpumpe im zweiten Betriebsmodus dynamisch angepasst und auch die der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung zugeführte Brennstoffmenge über den Öffnungsquerschnitt der Saugstrahlpumpendüse dosiert wird. Dies erfolgt dabei ohne die im ersten Betriebsmodus genutzte Pulsation. Durch die Möglichkeit der dynamischen Anpassung und bedarfsgerechten Dosierung wird die Effizienz der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung hinsichtlich des Verschleißes, der Kosten, der Betriebsstabilität und der Leistung gesteigert. It is also preferred that the pressure upstream of the suction jet pump is adjusted dynamically in the second operating mode and that the fuel quantity supplied to the fuel cell device is also metered via the opening cross section of the suction jet pump nozzle. This takes place without the pulsation used in the first operating mode. The possibility of dynamic adjustment and needs-based dosing increases the efficiency of the fuel cell device with regard to wear, costs, operational stability and performance.
Die vorstehend genannten Vorteile und Wirkungen gelten sinngemäß auch für ein Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung und ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung der vorstehend genannten Art. The advantages and effects mentioned above also apply accordingly to a fuel cell device and a motor vehicle with a fuel cell device of the type mentioned above.
Die vorstehend in der Beschreibung genannten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sowie die nachfolgend in der Figurenbeschreibung genannten und/oder in der Figur alleine gezeigten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sind nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen. Es sind somit auch Ausführungen als von
der Erfindung umfasst und offenbart anzusehen, die in der Figur nicht explizit gezeigt oder erläutert sind, jedoch durch separierte Merkmalskombinationen aus den erläuterten Ausführungen hervorgehen und erzeugbar sind. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description and the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and/or shown alone in the figure can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own, without going beyond the scope of the leave invention. There are therefore also versions as of included and disclosed in the invention, which are not explicitly shown or explained in the figure, but emerge and can be generated by separate combinations of features from the explanations explained.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei zeigt: Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the claims, the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit einer Saugstrahlpumpe. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell device with a suction jet pump.
Aus der Figur 1 ist zu ersehen, dass in der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung 1 anodenseitig ein Brennstofftank 10 vorliegt, aus dem Brennstoff durch eine Brennstoffleitung 5 einem mindestens eine Brennstoffzelle aufweisenden Brennstoffzellenstapel 4 zugeführt wird. In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Brennstoffzellen nur schematisch in ihrer seriellen Anordnung gezeigt. Des Weiteren liegt ein Anodenkreislauf 7 mit einer Brennstoffrezirku- lationsleitung 2 vor, die von einem Anodenauslass 3 des Brennstoffzellenstapels 4 zu der Brennstoffleitung 5 stromauf eines Anodeneinlasses 6 geführt ist. Der Brennstoffrezirkulationsleitung 2 kann ein nicht näher gezeigter Anodenabscheider zugeordnet sein, um überschüssige Flüssigkeit aus dem Anodenkreislauf 7 zu entfernen. Da in einer Brennstoffzelle die Reaktanten überstöchiometrisch bereitgestellt sind, ist in die Rezirkulationsleitung 2 ein Rezirkulationsgebläse 8 eingebunden, um den in dem Brennstoffzellenstapel 4 mit mehreren Brennstoffzellen nicht umgesetzten Brennstoff jeweils erneut zuzuführen, mithin zu „rezirkulieren“. Das Rezirkulationsgebläse 8 kann aber auch entfallen, weil die Brennstoffrezirkulationsleitung 2 in eine regelbare Saugstrahlpumpe 9 der Brennstoffleitung 5 mündet, wobei die Saugstrahlpumpe 9 den Brennstoff als Treibmedium nutzt, so dass unterschiedliche Anteile des dem Brennstofftank 10 entnommenen frischen Brennstoffes und des rezirkulierten Brennstoffes dem Anodeneinlass 6 des Brennstoffzellenstapels 4 erneut zugeführt werden können.
Diese Saugstrahlpumpe 9 wird gemäß des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bei geringen Lastanforderungen, also bei einem Lastbereich, der unter einem zuvor definierten Referenzniveau liegt mit einem geringen Bedarf an Brennstoff, der die Rezirkulierung nicht sicher gewährleistet, derart betrieben, dass der Öffnungsquerschnitt der Saugstrahlpumpendüse pulsierend geöffnet wird. Es liegt also während des Pulses ein erhöhter Brennstoffstrom vor. Sobald die Lastanforderung über das zuvor definierte Referenzniveau ansteigt, wird in einen zweiten Betriebsmodus umgeschaltet, der durch einen konstanten Druck stromauf der Saugstrahlpumpe 9 und einen an die Last angepassten Öffnungsquerschnitt der Saugstrahlpumpendüse charakterisiert ist. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that in the fuel cell device 1 there is a fuel tank 10 on the anode side, from which fuel is supplied through a fuel line 5 to a fuel cell stack 4 having at least one fuel cell. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fuel cells are shown only schematically in their serial arrangement. Furthermore, there is an anode circuit 7 with a fuel recirculation line 2 which is routed from an anode outlet 3 of the fuel cell stack 4 to the fuel line 5 upstream of an anode inlet 6 . An anode separator (not shown in detail) can be associated with the fuel recirculation line 2 in order to remove excess liquid from the anode circuit 7 . Since the reactants are provided over-stoichiometrically in a fuel cell, a recirculation fan 8 is integrated into the recirculation line 2 in order to supply the fuel that has not been converted in the fuel cell stack 4 with a plurality of fuel cells again, and thus to “recirculate” it. However, the recirculation fan 8 can also be omitted because the fuel recirculation line 2 opens into a controllable ejector pump 9 of the fuel line 5, with the ejector pump 9 using the fuel as a driving medium, so that different proportions of the fresh fuel taken from the fuel tank 10 and the recirculated fuel reach the anode inlet 6 of the fuel cell stack 4 can be supplied again. According to the method according to the invention, this ejector pump 9 is operated at low load requirements, i.e. in a load range that is below a previously defined reference level with a low fuel requirement that does not reliably ensure recirculation, in such a way that the opening cross section of the ejector pump nozzle is opened in a pulsating manner. There is therefore an increased fuel flow during the pulse. As soon as the load requirement rises above the previously defined reference level, a switch is made to a second operating mode, which is characterized by a constant pressure upstream of the ejector pump 9 and an opening cross section of the ejector nozzle adapted to the load.
Ergänzend ist es auch möglich, dass im ersten Betriebsmodus ein stromauf der regelbaren Saugstrahlpumpe 9 angeordnetes Druckregelventil 11 pulsierend geöffnet wird. Es besteht dann auch die Möglichkeit, dass das Druckregelventil 11 und der Öffnungsquerschnitt der Saugstrahlpumpendüse geschlossen werden, wodurch eine doppelte Absperrfunktion erreicht wird. In addition, it is also possible that in the first operating mode a pressure control valve 11 arranged upstream of the controllable ejector pump 9 is opened in a pulsating manner. There is then also the possibility that the pressure control valve 11 and the opening cross section of the suction jet pump nozzle are closed, as a result of which a double shut-off function is achieved.
Das Umschalten zwischen den zwei verschiedenen Betriebsmodi ist nicht ausschließlich von der Lastanforderung abhängig, sondern ist auch situationsbedingt beziehungsweise abhängig von mindestens einem Parameter. Dieser Parameter wird ausgewählt aus einer Gruppe die umfasst das Lastprofil, den Wassergehalt und die Temperatur der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle sowie den Brennstoffzellenstapelstrom und den Alterungszustand der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle. Die aufgezählten Parameter können auch in einer beliebigen Kombination zu einem Umschalten in den jeweiligen anderen Betriebsmodus führen. Switching between the two different operating modes does not only depend on the load requirement, but also depends on the situation or at least one parameter. This parameter is selected from a group that includes the load profile, the water content and the temperature of the at least one fuel cell and the fuel cell stack current and the aging condition of the at least one fuel cell. Any combination of the listed parameters can also result in switching to the respective other operating mode.
Um eine weitere Verbesserung der Effizienz der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung 1 zu erzielen, ist es weiterhin möglich, dass der Druck stromauf der Saugstrahlpumpe 9 im zweiten Betriebsmodus dynamisch angepasst wird und/oder die der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle zugeführte Brennstoffmenge über den Öffnungsquerschnitt der Saugstrahlpumpendüse dosiert wird, wodurch verbessert auf die geforderte Lastanforderung reagiert werden kann.
BEZUGSZEICHENLISTE: In order to achieve a further improvement in the efficiency of the fuel cell device 1, it is also possible for the pressure upstream of the ejector pump 9 to be dynamically adjusted in the second operating mode and/or for the fuel quantity supplied to the at least one fuel cell to be metered via the opening cross section of the ejector pump nozzle, thereby improving can react to the required load requirement. REFERENCE LIST:
1 Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung 1 fuel cell device
2 Brennstoffrezirkulationsleitung 3 Anodenauslass 2 Fuel recirculation line 3 Anode outlet
4 Brennstoffzellenstapel 4 fuel cell stack
5 Brennstoffleitung 5 fuel line
6 Anodeneinlass 6 anode inlet
7 Anodenkreislauf 8 Rezirkulationsgebläse 7 anode circuit 8 recirculation fan
9 Saugstrahlpumpe 9 ejector pump
10 Brennstofftank 10 fuel tank
11 Druckregelventil
11 pressure control valve
Claims
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung (1) mit einem mindestens eine Brennstoffzelle aufweisenden Brennstoffzellenstapel (4) und einer anodenseitigen regelbaren Saugstrahlpumpe (9), umfassend die Schritte: 1. A method for operating a fuel cell device (1) with a fuel cell stack (4) having at least one fuel cell and a controllable ejector pump (9) on the anode side, comprising the steps:
- Betreiben der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung (1 ) in einem ersten Betriebsmodus für untere Lastbereiche, wobei der Öffnungsquer- schnitt einer Saugstrahlpumpendüse pulsierend geöffnet wird, - Operating the fuel cell device (1) in a first operating mode for lower load ranges, the opening cross-section of a suction jet pump nozzle being opened in a pulsating manner,
- Umschalten in einen zweiten Betriebsmodus bei steigender Last, wobei der Druck stromauf der Saugstrahlpumpe (9) konstant gehalten und der Öffnungsquerschnitt der Saugstrahlpumpendüse an die Last angepasst wird. - Switching to a second operating mode with increasing load, the pressure upstream of the ejector pump (9) being kept constant and the opening cross-section of the ejector nozzle being adapted to the load.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im ersten Betriebsmodus ein stromauf der regelbaren Saugstrahlpumpe (9) angeordnetes Druckregelventil (11) pulsierend geöffnet wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first operating mode an upstream of the controllable ejector pump (9) arranged pressure control valve (11) is opened in a pulsating manner.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im ersten Betriebsmodus das Druckregelventil und der Öffnungsquerschnitt der Saugstrahlpumpendüse geschlossen werden. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure control valve and the opening cross section of the ejector nozzle are closed in the first operating mode.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Betriebsmodus in Abhängigkeit von mindestens einem Parameter umgeschaltet wird. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is switched between the first and the second operating mode depending on at least one parameter.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Parameter ausgewählt wird aus einer Gruppe die umfasst das Lastprofil, den Wassergehalt und die Temperatur der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle, den Anteil von Intergasen in einer Brennstoffrezirkulati- onsleitung (2) sowie den Brennstoffzellenstapelstrom und den Alterungszustand der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Umschalten der Betriebsmodi abhängig ist von einer Kombination der Parameter. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck stromauf der Saugstrahlpumpe (9) im zweiten Betriebsmodus dynamisch angepasst wird. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im zweiten Betriebsmodus die der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung (1 ) zugeführte Brennstoffmenge über den Öffnungsquerschnitt der Saug- strahlpumpendüse dosiert wird. Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung (1 ) mit einer Kontrolleinheit zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8. Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung (1 ) nach Anspruch 9.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the parameter is selected from a group comprising the load profile, the water content and the temperature of the at least one fuel cell, the proportion of inert gases in a fuel recirculation line (2) and the fuel cell stack current and the aging condition of the at least one fuel cell. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the switching over of the operating modes depends on a combination of the parameters. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pressure upstream of the ejector pump (9) is dynamically adjusted in the second operating mode. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the second operating mode, the fuel cell device (1) supplied quantity of fuel over the opening cross-section of the suction jet pump nozzle is metered. Fuel cell device (1) with a control unit for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 8. Motor vehicle with a fuel cell device (1) according to Claim 9.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020123931.9A DE102020123931A1 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2020-09-15 | Method for operating a fuel cell device, fuel cell device and motor vehicle with a fuel cell device |
| DE102020123931.9 | 2020-09-15 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022058060A1 true WO2022058060A1 (en) | 2022-03-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/EP2021/066391 WO2022058060A1 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2021-06-17 | Method for operating a fuel cell apparatus, fuel cell apparatus and motor vehicle having a fuel cell apparatus |
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| DE (1) | DE102020123931A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022058060A1 (en) |
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| WO2007124006A2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-11-01 | Daimler Ag | Fuel cell system with improved fuel recirculation |
| DE102011086917A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-13 | Hyundai Motor Company | Apparatus for controlling the hydrogen supply of a fuel cell system and method of controlling the same |
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| DE102012007385A1 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-17 | Daimler Ag | Gas jet pump for conveying a gas stream |
| US20170149077A1 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2017-05-25 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and control method for fuel cell system |
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| US8672643B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2014-03-18 | Helpful Alliance Company | Method and system for anode gas recirculation in fuel cells |
| KR101583931B1 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2016-01-21 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Ejector of fuel cell system |
| DE102018214376A1 (en) | 2018-08-24 | 2020-02-27 | Audi Ag | Ejector for a fuel cell system and fuel cell system |
| US20220181660A1 (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2022-06-09 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | A system for controlling fuel flow in proton exchange membrane fuel cells and a fuel ejector |
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2020
- 2020-09-15 DE DE102020123931.9A patent/DE102020123931A1/en active Pending
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- 2021-06-17 WO PCT/EP2021/066391 patent/WO2022058060A1/en active Application Filing
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007124006A2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-11-01 | Daimler Ag | Fuel cell system with improved fuel recirculation |
| DE102011086917A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-13 | Hyundai Motor Company | Apparatus for controlling the hydrogen supply of a fuel cell system and method of controlling the same |
| DE102011105054A1 (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-12-27 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell operating method for driving motor car, involves carrying out measure for amplification of convection and/or of turbulence within anode portion during starting procedure of fuel cell |
| DE102012007385A1 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-17 | Daimler Ag | Gas jet pump for conveying a gas stream |
| US20170149077A1 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2017-05-25 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and control method for fuel cell system |
| DE102017212726B3 (en) | 2017-07-25 | 2018-09-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Jet pump unit for controlling a gaseous medium |
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| DE102020123931A1 (en) | 2022-03-17 |
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