WO2022055411A1

WO2022055411A1 - A transition arrangement

Info

Publication number: WO2022055411A1
Application number: PCT/SE2021/050864
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sten Gunnarsson; Mikael KOWALEWSKI
Original assignee: Saab Ab
Priority date: 2020-09-11
Filing date: 2021-09-09
Publication date: 2022-03-17
Also published as: SE2000166A1; SE544398C2; EP4211746A1

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a transition arrangement (1) for transitioning between a transmission line, TL (2), and a substrate integrated waveguide, SIW (3), for routing a microwave signal. The transition arrangement (1) comprises a block of dielectric (4) comprising a first layer (5) comprising the TL (2) having a length (L) extending in a first direction (x1) towards the SIW (3). The TL (2) comprises a plurality of sections (S1, S2, S3, S4) having gradually increasing widths (W1, W2, W3, W4) along the first direction towards the SIW (3), wherein the widths (W1, W2, W3, W4) are defined in a second direction (y1) being perpendicular to the first direction (x1). Further, each section (S1, S2, S3, S4) is associated with at least one corresponding TL ground plane (7) in a layer parallel to the first layer (5). For each increase in width (W1, W2, W3, W4), each corresponding TL ground plane (7) defines an increasing distance from the TL (2) in a third direction (z1) being perpendicular to the first and the second direction (x1, y1). Furthermore, the block of dielectric (4) comprises a fence structure (8) arranged on opposing sides of the TL (2) and extending along at least a portion of the TL (2) towards the SIW (3) in the first direction (x1), at least a part of the fence structure (8) having a spacing of less than half a wavelength of the microwave signal in the second direction (y1).

Description

A TRANSITION ARRANGEMENT

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a transition arrangement for transitioning between a transmission line, TL, and a substrate integrated waveguide, SIW, for routing a microwave signal.

BACKGROUND ART

Electromagnetic waves are able to travel through all kinds of non-metallic materials, i.e. dielectrics. Typically, electromagnetic waves are guided through the medium by the use of transmission lines. There exist a variety of microwave transmission lines. Commonly used transmission lines are microstrip, stripline, and coplanar waveguide, these transmission lines are often built upon a dielectric such as e.g. a printed circuit board (PCB). The abovementioned transmission lines have both advantages and disadvantages, when employed on sensitive structures, it requires the PCB/dielectric manufacturing process to have an extremely high tolerance accuracy i.e. a high precision manufacturing process is required which is challenging to achieve with increasing bandwidths e.g. above 10 GHz. An example of a common sensitive structure is an open stub with a specific electric length and width, these can be employed in for instance filters and other frequency sensitive passive devices such as matching networks.

Thus, there is a need of a different type of resonant structure at higher frequencies when implementing sensitive structures. A common solution is to implement these sensitive structures using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Thus, a transition arrangement having a SIW transitioning to/from any of the abovementioned transmission lines, allowing for a structure which is less sensitive to manufacturing tolerances, hence, obtaining better electrical performance at higher frequencies.

A transition structure to/from SIW and any of the abovementioned transmission lines should preferably have a thin dielectric for the corresponding transmission line and a thick dielectric for the corresponding SIW for lowest transmission loss. A SIW will generally have a lower transmission loss the thicker the dielectric employed. Employing the same large dielectric thickness to the abovementioned transmission lines will generally require unpractical wide lines to obtain the common characteristic impedance of 50 ohm. In most microwave products, a problem with the transition arrangements in the present art is that a transmission line transitioning to/from a thick SIW to/from a thin transmission line employs a discontinuity in optimal substrate dielectric height making it challenging for an electromagnetic wave to propagate with low loss between the transmission line with thin effective dielectric and the SIW with thick effective dielectric. Further, a significant part of the electromagnetic waves will leak into the bulk of the thick substrate, i.e. the volume below the microstrip ground plane which results in signal loss and possible also inadequate isolation between adjacent structures.

Consequently, transmission line, employing a thin effective dielectric, to SIW transition, employing a thick effective dielectric, arrangements in the present art have room for improvements in order to have a more efficient transition to reduce any loss while being convenient to manufacture.

Thus, there is room for transition arrangements in the present art to explore the domain of providing an improved transition arrangement being convenient to manufacture while reducing the transmission loss of the transition arrangement. Even though some currently known solutions work well in some situations it would be desirable to provide a transition arrangement that fulfils requirements relating to convenient manufacturing and reduction of transmission loss.

SUMMARY

It is therefore an object of the present disclosure to provide a transition arrangement and a high frequency system comprising such a transition arrangement to mitigate, alleviate or eliminate one or more of the above-identified deficiencies and disadvantages.

This object is achieved by means of a transition arrangement and a high frequency system as defined in the appended claims.

In accordance with the disclosure there is provided a transition arrangement according to claim 1 and a high frequency system according to claim 15.

The present disclosure provides a transition arrangement for transitioning between a transmission line, TL, employing a thin effective dielectric, and a substrate integrated waveguide, SIW, employing a thick effective dielectric, for routing a microwave signal. The transition arrangement comprises a block of dielectric comprising a first layer comprising the TL having a length extending in a first direction towards the SIW. Further, the TL comprises a plurality of sections having gradually increasing widths along the first direction towards the SIW. The widths are defined in a second direction being perpendicular to the first direction. Each section is associated with at least one corresponding TL ground plane in a layer parallel to the first layer. For each increase in width, each corresponding TL ground plane defines an increasing distance from the TL in a third direction being perpendicular to the first and the second direction.

Furthermore, the block of dielectric comprises an electrically grounded fence structure arranged on opposing sides of the TL and extending along at least a portion of the TL towards the SIW in the first direction, at least a part of the fence structure has a spacing of less than half a wavelength of the microwave signal in the second direction.

The transition arrangement employs a transition between a transmission line employing a thin effective dielectric and a SIW employing a thick effective dielectric.

A benefit of the transition arrangement according to the present disclosure is that the fence structure creates a waveguide cut-off to eliminate any leakage beneath any of the ground planes. The waveguide cut-offs eliminates the need of internal metal walls inside the PCB. Further, the gradual increasing widths each being associated with a corresponding TL ground plane results in that there is provided a gradually increased dielectric thickness towards the SIW which further results in a reduced transmission loss.

Further, the fence structure may comprise a metallized conductive trace. Accordingly, the fence structure is convenient to manufacture as the metallized conductive trace is convenient to create and space-efficient i.e. the transition arrangement is compatible with standard low-cost manufacturing for PCB-technologies.

According to some embodiments, all parts of the fence structure has a spacing of less than half a wavelength of the microwave signal in the second direction.

The fence structure may further comprise a plurality of through-hole vias, each through- hole via extending from a top surface of the block of dielectric to a bottom surface of the block of dielectric in the third direction. The use of thru-vias in combination with the fence structure allows for an efficient blocking of leakage and transmission loss. Accordingly, the waveguide cut-offs provided by the fence structure allows for the thru-vias to be successfully implemented in the transition arrangement. Further, the thru-vias also provide the benefit of being easy to manufacture since they extend through the full dielectric thickness.

The fence structure may comprise a first and a second fence-arm arranged on opposing sides of the transmission line in the second direction. Further, the fence structure may increase in spacing in the second direction for each increase of the width of the plurality of sections of the TL along the first direction. Thus, the spacing of the fence structure is correlated with the width of the transmission line. Resulting in that a plurality of waveguide cut-offs can be provided to hinder any unwanted leakage within sought design frequencies. The fence structure may be a metallic depression on the top surface of the dielectric.

The transmission line as provided in the present disclosure may be a microstrip, stripline or a coplanar waveguide. Furthermore, the transmission line may be any other suitable transmission line.

Further, the transmission line may be a stripline, wherein the TL ground plane is a stripline ground plane. Furthermore, each section comprises a pair of corresponding stripline ground planes positioned in opposing layers of the stripline in a third direction being perpendicular to the first and the second direction. Each stripline ground plane defining an increasing distance from the stripline in the third direction for each gradual increase in the width of the stripline.

A benefit of having a stripline according to the abovementioned disclosure is that the transmission line may beneficially extend from within the thickness of the block of dielectric allowing for the top surface of the block of dielectric to be utilized for other components, resulting in a more space-efficient structure. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the plurality of sections have a step-wise increase in width, however according to some embodiments of the disclosure the plurality of sections have a continuous/tapered increase in width.

Each corresponding TL ground plane may extend from a first portion of the block of dielectric to at least an end of the corresponding section of the transmission line. The TL ground planes may extend from a first portion of the block of dielectric to about an end of the corresponding section of the transmission line.

The block of dielectric may comprise an input port and an output port arranged on opposing sides of the block of dielectric in the first direction.

The TL ground planes may form a stepped ground plane structure, each ground plane having an increasing length in the first direction in relation to an adjacent ground plane being least distant from the transmission line. Thus, the TL ground planes form an easy recognizable stair-case like structure.

The transition arrangement may be configured for routing microwave signals having a frequency of at least 14 GHz. Thus, the transition arrangement beneficially operates at high frequencies while eliminating transmission loss.

The block of dielectric may be a printed circuit board, PCB.

The spacing of the fence may be 2.5-3.5 times the width of a corresponding section of the transmission line in the second direction. Resulting in that the fence can operate efficiently while not taking up excess space in the second direction resulting in a space efficient structure. There is also provided a high-frequency system comprising the transition arrangement according to the present disclosure. The high-frequency system may be a base station, radio link, radar sensor, measurement equipment or any other suitable system.

Further embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. It should be emphasized that the term “comprises/comprising” when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, or components. It does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components, or groups thereof.

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will in the following be further clarified with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 illustrates a top view of a transition arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure

Figure 2 illustrates an objective view of the transition arrangement disclosed in Figure 1

Figure 3 illustrates a side view of the transition arrangement disclosed in Figures 1 and 2

Figure 4 illustrates a side view of a transition arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure

Figure 5 illustrates a top view of a transition arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 6 illustrates a diagram disclosing a 3D EM simulation of the transition arrangement disclosed in Figures 1-3

Figure 7 illustrates a high frequency equipment comprising the transition arrangement according to the present disclosure

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described. However, it is to be understood that features of the different embodiments are exchangeable between the embodiments and may be combined in different ways, unless anything else is specifically indicated. Even though in the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a more thorough understanding of the provided transition arrangement and base station comprising the same, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the transition arrangement and high frequency system may be realized without these details. In other instances, well known constructions or functions are not described in detail, so as not to obscure the present disclosure.

In the following description of example embodiments, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar components.

The term “substrate integrated waveguide” or “SIW” as used herein refers to an electromagnetic waveguide formed in a dielectric substrate by providing the dielectric substrate with via-holes connecting upper and lower metal plates of the dielectric substrate. The term “transmission line” refers to an electrical conductor carrying an electrical signal from one place to another.

The term “ground plane” refers to a conducting surface.

Figure 1 illustrates a transition arrangement from a top view for transitioning between a transmission line, TL, and a substrate integrated waveguide, SIW, 3 for routing a microwave signal. The transition arrangement comprises a block of dielectric comprising a first layer 5 comprising the TL having a length extending in a first direction x1 towards the SIW 3. As illustrated in Figure 1 , the TL 2 comprises a plurality of sections S1 , S2, S3, S4 having gradually increasing widths W1 , W2, W3, W4 along the first direction x1 towards the SIW, wherein the widths are defined in a second direction y1 being perpendicular to the first direction x1 . It should be noted that the first layer 5 may be also positioned intermediate the top surface 9 and the bottom surface 10 of the block of dielectric 4. The transitioning between the TL and the SIW is defined by S2, S3, S4 and W2, W3, W4.

The block of dielectric 4 may comprise an input port and an output port (not shown) arranged on opposing sides of the block of dielectric 4 in the first direction x1 . This may allow for a signal to be routed from the input port through the TL 2 and the SIW 3 to the output port, or in some embodiments a signal may be routed the opposite way. Accordingly, the block of dielectric 4 may comprise a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports.

Further, each section S1 , S2, S3, S4 is associated with at least one corresponding TL ground plane 7 (not shown in Figure 1 , see Figure 2) in a layer parallel to the first layer 5, wherein for each increase in width W1 , W2, W3, W4 each corresponding TL ground plane 7 defines an increasing distance from the TL 2 in a third direction z1 being perpendicular to the first and the second directions.

As further shown in Figure 1 , the block of dielectric 4 also comprises an electrically grounded fence structure 8 arranged on opposing sides of the TL 2 and extending along at least a portion of the TL 2 towards the SIW 3 in the first direction x1 , at least a part of the fence structure 8 (i.e. at least one of the widths) may have a spacing of equal to or less than half a wavelength of the microwave signal in the second direction y1 . Thus, each section S1 , S2, S3, S4 of the TL 2 is associated with a corresponding width W1 , W2, W3, W4, a corresponding TL ground plane 7 and a corresponding fence spacing, which are specifically arranged to allow for an efficient transition from the TL 2 to the SIW 3 in order to reduce transmission loss. Accordingly, the fence structure 8 may provide a waveguide cut-off obtained by the spacing of the fence structure 8, the cut-offs are arranged to hinder any unwanted leakage within any sought design frequency. The transition arrangement in Figure 1 comprises three waveguide cut-offs (defined by the three varying widths of the fence structure 8), however the transition arrangement may comprise more/less waveguide cut-offs i.e. having more/less sections with gradually increasing widths.

As illustrated in Figure 1 , the fence structure 8 may comprise a first and a second fence-arm arranged on opposing sides of the transmission line 2 in the second direction y1 , thus the spacing of the fence structure 8 may be defined by the distance between the first and the second fence-arm in the second direction y1 . Furthermore, there is shown in Figure 1 that the fence structure conjoins 8 with the SIW and that the transmission line 2 also conjoins with the SIW 3, allowing for an efficient transition from the transmission line 2 to the SIW 3. It is further illustrated in Figure 1 that the fence structure 8 increases in spacing in the second direction y1 for each increase of the width W1 , W2, W3, W4 of the plurality of sections S1 , S2, S3, S4 of the TL 2 along the first direction x1 .

Figure 1 illustrates that the plurality of sections S1 , S2, S3, S4 have a step-wise increase in width W1 , W2, W3, W4. However, according to some embodiments the plurality of sections may have a continuous/tapered increase in width.

Figure 2 shows the transition arrangement from an objective perspective. As seen in Figure 2, each TL section is associated with at least one corresponding TL ground plane 7 in a layer parallel to the first layer 5 (also see Figures 3 and 4). As seen in Figure 2, for each increase in width (increases in width defined in Figure 1 ) each corresponding TL ground plane 7 defines an increasing distance from the TL 2 in a third direction z1 being perpendicular to the first and the second directions x1 , y1 .

Accordingly, the smallest width (i.e. W1 , see Figure 1 ) of the transmission line has the corresponding TL ground plane 7 being closest to the top surface 9 of the block of dielectric 4. The transition arrangement as seen in Figure 2 comprises four TL sections and accordingly four TL ground planes 7. It should be noted that the section S4 (see S4 in Figure 1 ) of the TL being closest to the SIW comprises a corresponding TL ground plane 7 positioned on the bottom surface 10 of the transition arrangement 1 , sharing a common ground plane with the SIW 3.

Thus, as seen in Figure 2, the TL ground planes 7 may form a stepped ground plane structure, each ground plane 7 having an increasing length in the first direction x1 in relation to an adjacent ground plane 7 being least distant from the transmission line 2. This is seen in Figure 2 where the TL ground planes 7 form a staircase-like structure.

Figure 2 shows that each corresponding TL ground plane 7 may extend from a first portion 11 of the block of dielectric 4 to at least an end e, e’, e”, e’” of the corresponding section of the transmission line 2 in the first direction x1. This is illustrated in Figure 2, where each ground plane 7 extends to at least an end of the corresponding section of the TL 2 in the first direction x1 . Accordingly, this allows for reduced transmission loss. However, according to some embodiments the TL ground plane 7 may not fully extend to the end of the corresponding section of the TL 2.

Furthermore, Figures 1 and 2 shows that the fence structure 8 further comprises a plurality of through-hole vias 6, each through-hole via 6 extending from a top surface 9 of the block of dielectric 4 to a bottom surface 10 of the block of dielectric 4 in the third direction z1 . In Figure 2, one through-hole via 6 is specifically highlighted so to illustrate its full extension in-between the top surface and the bottom surface.

The fence structure 8 may comprise a metallized conductive trace, thus the fence structure 8 as seen in Figures 1 and 2 may be a metallized conductive trace with through-hole vias 6 penetrating the conductive trace from the top surface 9 of the block of dielectric to the bottom surface 10 of the block of dielectric 4. In some embodiments, the fence structure 8 only comprises through-vias, i.e. eliminating the need of buried vias or blind vias, resulting in a more convenient and cheap manufacturing of the transition structure 1 .

The transition arrangement 1 may be configured for routing microwave signals having a frequency of at least 14 GHz. However, the transition arrangement 1 may be configured for routing microwave signals below the frequency of 14 GHz aswell. Thus, working well for lower and higher frequency ranges.

Furthermore, the block of dielectric 4 may be a printed circuit board, PCB. Beneficially allowing for manufacturing compatible with standard manufacturing routines. Furthermore, the spacing of the fence 8 may be 2.5-3.5 times the width W1 , W2, W3, W4 of a corresponding section S1 , S2, S3, S4 of the transmission line 2 in the second direction y1 .

Figure 3 shows the transition structure in Figure 1 and 2 from a see-through side perspective. As illustrated in Figure 3, the TL 2 is on the top surface of the block of dielectric 4 and further the TL ground planes 7 form a stepped staircase-like structure increasing in length while the TL 2 line increases in width in the first direction x1. Accordingly, Figure 3 also shows that the through vias 6 extend from the top surface 9 of the block of dielectric 4 to the bottom surface 10 of the block of dielectric 4, penetrating the block of dielectric 4 in the third direction z1 . In figure 3 there are four TL ground planes 7 below the transmission line 2, each ground plane 7 associated with a corresponding section S1 , S2, S3, S4 (see figure 1 ) of the transition structure 1 .

Figure 4 shows a transition arrangement according to some embodiments wherein the TL 2 is a stripline, wherein the TL ground plane 7 is a stripline ground plane, wherein each section S1 , S2, S3, S4 comprises a pair of corresponding stripline ground planes positioned in opposing layers of the stripline in a third direction z1 being perpendicular to the first and the second direction x1 , y1 , each stripline ground plane defining an increasing distance from the stripline in the third direction z1 for each gradual increase in the width W1 , W2, W3, W4 of the stripline. Moreover, the TL 2 in Figure 4 is positioned within the block of dielectric 4. Hence, the thickness of the transmission line

2 is gradually increased and a pair of TL ground planes 7 on both opposing sides of the TL in the third direction z1 are provided. The TL 2 in Figure 4 may have the same stepped width characteristics as the TL 2 in Figures 1 and 2. Accordingly, in Figures 1-

3 the term “first layer” refers to the top layer since the TL is on the top layer of the block of dielectric, wherein in Figure 4 the term “first layer” refers to a layer within the block of dielectric 4.

Figure 5 shows a transition arrangement 1 according to some embodiments, wherein the TL 2 is a coplanar waveguide. Thus, the transition arrangement 1 according to the present disclosure may be a microstrip, a stripline or a coplanar waveguide. The coplanar waveguide in figure 5 is a grounded coplanar waveguide.

Figure 6 discloses a 3D high-frequency structure simulation of the transition arrangement according to Figures 1 -3 of the present disclosure covering a 14-18 GHz frequency range. Figure 6 shows that the transition arrangement according to the present disclosure performs very well at higher bandwidths with low loss and excellent reflection coefficients. However, the transition arrangement may be configured for routing microwave signals below the frequency of 14 GHz aswell. Thus, working well for lower and higher frequency ranges.

Figure 7 discloses a high-frequency system 20 comprising the transition arrangement according to the present disclosure. The high-frequency system 20 may be a base station, radio link, radar sensor, measurement equipment or any other suitable system. “High-frequency” refers to that the system is configured to perform with bandwidths of at least 10 GHz.

The present disclosure has been presented above with reference to specific embodiments. However, other embodiments than the above described are possible and within the scope of the disclosure. The different features and steps of the embodiments may be combined in other combinations than those described.

It should be noted that the word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed and the words “a” or “an” preceding an element do not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. It should further be noted that any reference signs do not limit the scope of the claims and that several “means” or “units” may be represented by the same item of hardware.

It will also be understood that, although the term first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms.

These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first layer could be termed a second layer, and, similarly, a second layer could be termed a first layer, without departing from the scope of the embodiments. The first layer and the second layer are both layers, but they are not the same layer. In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed exemplary embodiments. However, many variations and modifications can be made to these embodiments. Accordingly, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the embodiments being defined by the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS A transition arrangement (1 ) for transitioning between a transmission line, TL (2), and a substrate integrated waveguide, SIW (3), for routing a microwave signal, the transition arrangement (1 ) comprising; a block of dielectric (4) comprising; a first layer (5) comprising the TL (2) having a length (L) extending in a first direction (x1 ) towards the SIW (3); wherein the TL (2) comprises a plurality of sections (S1 , S2, S3, S4) having gradually increasing widths (W1 , W2, W3, W4) along the first direction towards the SIW (3), wherein the widths (W1 , W2, W3, W4) are defined in a second direction (y1 ) being perpendicular to the first direction (x1 ); wherein each section (S1 , S2, S3, S4) is associated with at least one corresponding TL ground plane (7) in a layer parallel to the first layer (5); wherein for each increase in width (W1 , W2, W3, W4), each corresponding TL ground plane (7) defines an increasing distance from the TL (2) in a third direction (z1 ) being perpendicular to the first and the second directions (x1 , y1 ); wherein the block of dielectric (4) further comprises an electrically grounded fence structure (8) arranged on opposing sides of the TL (2) and extending along at least a portion of the TL (2) towards the SIW (3) in the first direction (x1 ), at least a part of the fence structure (8) having a spacing of less than half a wavelength of the microwave signal in the second direction (y1 ). The transition arrangement (1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the fence structure (8) comprises a metallized conductive trace. The transition arrangement (1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fence structure (8) comprises a plurality of through-hole vias (6), each through-hole via (6) extending from a top surface (9) of the block of dielectric (4) to a bottom surface (10) of the block of dielectric (4) in the third direction (z1 ). The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1 -3, wherein the fence structure (8) increases in spacing in the second direction (y1 ) for each increase of the width (W1 , W2, W3, W4) of the plurality of sections (S1 , S2, S3, S4) of the TL (2) along the first direction (x1 ). The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1 -4, wherein the transmission line (2) is a microstrip, stripline or a coplanar waveguide. The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1 -5, wherein the transmission line (2) is a stripline, wherein the TL ground plane (7) is a stripline ground plane, wherein each section (S1 , S2, S3, S4) comprises a pair of corresponding stripline ground planes positioned in opposing layers of the stripline in a third direction (z1 ) being perpendicular to the first and the second direction (x1 , y1 ), each stripline ground plane defining an increasing distance from the stripline in the third direction (z1 ) for each gradual increase in the width (W1 , W2, W3, W4) of the stripline. The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1 -6, wherein the plurality of sections (S1 , S2, S3, S4) have a step-wise increase in width. The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1 -6, wherein the plurality of sections (S1 , S2, S3, S4) have a continuous increase in width. The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1 -8, wherein each corresponding TL ground plane (7) extends from a first portion (11 ) of the block of 18 dielectric (4) to at least an end (e, e’, e”, e’”) of the corresponding section of the transmission line in the first direction (x1 ).

10. The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1 -9, wherein the block of dielectric (4) comprises an input port and an output port arranged on opposing sides of the block of dielectric (4) in the first direction (x1 ).

11. The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1-10, wherein the TL ground planes (7) form a stepped ground plane structure, each ground plane (7) having an increasing length in the first direction (x1 ) in relation to an adjacent ground plane (7) being least distant from the transmission line (2).

12. The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1-11 , wherein the transition arrangement (1 ) is configured for routing microwave signals having a frequency of at least 14 GHz.

13. The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1 -12, wherein the block of dielectric (4) is a printed circuit board, PCB.

14. The transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of claims 1-13, wherein the spacing of the fence (8) is 2.5-3.5 times the width (W1 , W2, W3, W4) of a corresponding section (S1 , S2, S3, S4) of the transmission line (2) in the second direction (y1 ).

15. A high-frequency system (20) comprising the transition arrangement (1 ) according to any of the claims 1 -14.