WO2022052238A1 - 一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2022052238A1
WO2022052238A1 PCT/CN2020/124414 CN2020124414W WO2022052238A1 WO 2022052238 A1 WO2022052238 A1 WO 2022052238A1 CN 2020124414 W CN2020124414 W CN 2020124414W WO 2022052238 A1 WO2022052238 A1 WO 2022052238A1
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flame
acceleration
upper cavity
nozzle
fuel
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PCT/CN2020/124414
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周磊
高强
卫海桥
刘宗宽
华剑雄
舒歌群
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天津大学
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Priority to US17/758,247 priority Critical patent/US20230027612A1/en
Publication of WO2022052238A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022052238A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/12—Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts
    • F01P3/16—Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts for cooling fuel injectors or sparking-plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0281—Adapters, sockets or the like to mount injection valves onto engines; Fuel guiding passages between injectors and the air intake system or the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P13/00—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/78—Cooling burner parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/06—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sparking plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2214/00—Cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of combustion of internal combustion engines, and in particular relates to a flame multi-stage acceleration device and method for a gas fuel engine.
  • the gas fuels used in engines include hydrogen, natural gas, ammonia and so on.
  • gaseous fuels are more thoroughly mixed with air, resulting in low particulate emissions.
  • gas fuel such as natural gas reserves is very rich, and the cost is low.
  • the use of gas fuel for engines not only saves costs, but also relieves my country's energy pressure.
  • the gaseous fuels such as ammonia and hydrogen do not contain carbon elements, which can achieve true zero carbon emissions.
  • gas-fueled engines using natural gas and ammonia have problems such as slow flame propagation and low combustion rate, and the high ignition point of ammonia makes it more difficult to catch fire.
  • gas-fueled engines are not as powerful and economical as conventional gasoline- or diesel-fueled engines.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, in order to improve the ignition stability of gas fuel engines such as natural gas and ammonia and solve the problem of slow flame propagation speed, a flame acceleration device based on annular obstacles is proposed. and methods. Through the acceleration effect of the annular obstacle, a high-speed jet rich in a large number of combustion intermediate groups can be ejected in the main combustion chamber of the engine and a turbulent flame with higher intensity can be formed to accelerate the combustion process of such a gas-fuel mixture.
  • a flame multi-stage acceleration device for a gas fuel engine comprising a pressing member, an upper cavity, a spark plug, a fuel injector, a cooling device and a flame acceleration nozzle; the spark plug and the fuel injector are installed in the upper cavity , the pressing piece is sleeved on the upper part of the upper cavity, and the entire acceleration device is fixedly connected to the cylinder head through the stepped groove of the upper cavity; the bottom of the upper cavity is sequentially installed with a nozzle sealing ring, a flame Acceleration nozzle and cylinder head sealing ring; the cavity of the flame acceleration nozzle is provided with an annular obstacle formed by multiple annular plates, the nozzle sealing ring is used for sealing between the upper cavity and the flame acceleration nozzle, and the cylinder head sealing ring It is used for sealing between the whole acceleration device and the cylinder head.
  • the fuel injector injects fuel in the cavity of the flame acceleration nozzle, which is ignited by the spark plug to form a high-speed flame front that propagates forward, and then the flame and combustion intermediate products are injected into the cavity after multi-stage acceleration through multiple annular obstacles and nozzle holes.
  • the main combustion chamber to speed up the combustion rate of the main combustion chamber.
  • the fuel in the flame acceleration nozzle cavity can be selected for high reactivity, high flow flame velocity fuels such as hydrogen. It is also possible to choose the same fuel as the main combustion chamber.
  • a cooling liquid channel is arranged inside the upper cavity, and the cooling liquid can flow in from one end of the upper cavity and flow out from the other end.
  • the using method of the present invention is as follows:
  • a flame multi-stage acceleration device and method for a gas fuel engine First, the gas fuel is mixed with fresh air through a jet valve of an intake pipe, and then the intake valve is opened to allow the mixed working medium to enter the interior of a main combustion chamber;
  • the fuel is injected into the upper cavity of the acceleration device and ignited, and then the flame is accelerated and ejected through the annular obstacles and nozzle holes in the flame acceleration nozzle, and the injected flame jet ignites the fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber to stabilize the main combustion chamber. and burns quickly.
  • the multi-stage flame acceleration device of the present invention injects fuel in the cavity of the flame acceleration nozzle and ignites, and the flame realizes multi-stage acceleration in the process of passing through the multi-channel annular obstacles and nozzle holes provided inside the combustion device to obtain more Fast flame propagation speed, thereby achieving the purpose of reliably igniting the gas-fuel mixture and accelerating its combustion process, ultimately achieving ultra-lean combustion and high-efficiency combustion.
  • the multi-stage flame acceleration device is designed with a cooling flow channel, and the injection of cooling liquid can avoid overheating and damage of the injector.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the parts of the multi-stage flame acceleration device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an assembly schematic diagram of the multi-stage flame acceleration device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the detailed structure of the matching end face of the flame acceleration nozzle and the upper cavity.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a flame acceleration nozzle.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cooling liquid passage of the flame multi-stage acceleration device.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the flame acceleration principle of the flame multi-stage acceleration device.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the parts of the present invention, including 7 parts in total.
  • the device can be divided into upper and lower parts according to different functions.
  • the upper part includes a pressing member 1 , an upper cavity 2 , a fuel injector 3 and a spark plug 7 .
  • This part is responsible for providing the main structure of the device, determining the installation position of the fuel injector 3 and the spark plug 7, and fixing the position of the whole device on the cylinder head.
  • the lower part includes the nozzle sealing ring 4 , the flame acceleration nozzle 5 and the cylinder head sealing ring 6 .
  • the cavity of the flame acceleration nozzle is provided with an annular obstacle composed of an annular plate, which together with the injection hole constitutes a flame acceleration channel. This part is responsible for accelerating the jet flame, providing a multi-point distributed and reliable ignition source for the engine combustion chamber.
  • the nozzle sealing ring 4 is responsible for the sealing between the upper cavity and the flame acceleration nozzle
  • the cylinder head sealing ring 6 is responsible for the sealing between the whole device and the cylinder head.
  • the spark plug 7 and the fuel injector 3 are installed in the upper cavity 2 .
  • the upper cavity 2 is connected with the flame acceleration nozzle 5 below, and there is a corresponding gap at the connection between the two to ensure that the matching direction between the two is correct.
  • the gap is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the sealing between the upper cavity 2 and the flame acceleration nozzle 5 is carried out by adding a nozzle sealing ring 4 to the contact end face.
  • the pressing member 1 is sleeved on the upper cavity 2, and the main structure of the device is pressed on the cylinder head through the stepped groove of the upper cavity, and the pressing member 1 and the cylinder head are connected by screws.
  • the whole device and the cylinder head are also sealed by installing a cylinder head sealing ring 6 on the end face.
  • FIG. 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a specific flame acceleration nozzle is shown in Figure 4.
  • two annular obstacles are used.
  • the flame is accelerated step by step through the two-stage annular obstacle and the nozzle hole, and the flame jet can reach a higher propagation speed, so as to achieve the purpose of reliably igniting the gas-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber and accelerating its combustion process.
  • a cooling liquid channel is designed inside the upper cavity. As shown in Figure 5, the cooling liquid flows in from one end and flows out from the other end.
  • the specific usage of the flame multi-stage acceleration device proposed by the present invention is divided into the following parts.
  • the gaseous fuel is mixed with fresh air through the intake pipe injection valve, and then the intake valve is opened to allow the mixed working medium to enter the interior of the combustion chamber.
  • the intake valve is opened to allow the mixed working medium to enter the interior of the combustion chamber.
  • it is selected to inject fuel, such as hydrogen, during the compression stroke of the engine, and then a suitable fuel mixture is selected according to different operating conditions. ignition advance angle.
  • spark plug flashover stimulates the formation of an initial fire nucleus, and then the flame propagates forward with a forward face close to the spherical surface.
  • the high-speed flame jet finally enters the main combustion chamber and ignites the gas-fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速装置，包括压紧件（1）、上腔体（2）、火花塞（7）、燃料喷射器（3）、冷却装置和火焰加速喷嘴（5）；火花塞（7）和燃料喷射器（3）安装在上腔体（2）内，压紧件（1）套装于上腔体（2）上部，并通过上腔体（2）的阶梯槽将加速装置整体与气缸盖固定连接；上腔体（2）的底部从上到下依次安装有喷嘴密封圈（4）、火焰加速喷嘴（5）和气缸盖密封圈（6）；火焰加速喷嘴（5）的空腔中设置有由环形板组成的环形障碍物。还公开了一种气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速方法，首先在火焰加速喷嘴空腔中喷射燃料获得均质混合气，随后由火花塞跳火点燃混合气形成火焰锋面，火焰锋面再经由多道环形障碍物与喷孔共同组成的多级加速装置不断提升传播速度，最终高速射流火焰由喷孔喷出用以点燃主燃烧室内部气体燃料混合气并加速其燃烧进程。

Description

一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于内燃机燃烧领域，特别是涉及一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速装置及方法。
背景技术
随着全球温室效应，污染物排放以及能源危机等问题的不断加剧，因此关于替代燃料的研究受到越来越多的关注。其中气体燃料相关的研究也十分火热，目前发动机用气体燃料有氢气，天然气，氨气等。与传统液态燃料相比，气体燃料与空气的混合更加充分，因此其颗粒物排放很低。并且气体燃料中如天然气储量十分丰富，成本低。发动机燃用气体燃料不仅节约成本同时也缓解了我国的能源压力。而且其中的氨气与氢气等气体燃料不含碳元素，可以做到真正的零碳排放。但氢气由于储运的安全性与成本很难得到解决，因此关于氢发动机的实际量产有一定难度。而氨已经被广泛应用于农业与化工生产等领域，因此在生产、储运、供给方面均积累了丰富经验，安全保障措施较氢气也较为完善，因而同样具备推广应用的基础。
但燃用天然气及氨气的气体燃料发动机存在火焰传播速度慢，燃烧速率低等问题，并且氨气燃点高，更难着火。这导致此类气体燃料发动机在动力性以及经济性方面都不及传统燃用汽油或柴油的发动机。
而现有研究发现在管道中设立障碍物能在很大程度上实现火焰加速并在燃烧所形成的气流中促使湍流的生成。湍流能够增加火焰的表面积以及局部质量和能量的传递，导致了燃烧速率增加，随后火焰开始加速。Bychokov等指出障碍物之间的延迟燃烧诱发强射流，进而驱动火焰的加速。进一步，燃烧产物热膨胀引起的气流流动会增加火焰表面积，气流速度和火焰速度增加，又使表面积增加，形成积极反馈导致火焰加速。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的不足，为了提升天然气及氨气等气体燃料发动机的着火稳定性并解决其火焰传播速度慢的问题，提出了 一种基于环形障碍物的火焰加速装置及方法。通过所述环形障碍物的加速效果，可以在发动机主燃烧室喷出富含大量燃烧中间产物基团的高速射流及形成强度更高的湍流火焰，以加速此类气体燃料混合气的燃烧过程。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速装置，包括压紧件、上腔体、火花塞、燃料喷射器、冷却装置和火焰加速喷嘴；所述火花塞和燃料喷射器安装在所述上腔体内，所述压紧件套装于上腔体上部，并通过上腔体的阶梯槽将加速装置整体与气缸盖固定连接；所述上腔体的底部从上到下依次安装有喷嘴密封圈、火焰加速喷嘴和气缸盖密封圈；所述火焰加速喷嘴的空腔中设置有由多道环形板形成环形障碍物，喷嘴密封圈用于上腔体与火焰加速喷嘴之间的密封，气缸盖密封圈用于加速装置整体与气缸盖之间的密封。
进一步的，燃料喷射器在火焰加速喷嘴的空腔中喷射燃料，经火花塞点燃形成高速火焰锋面向前传播，之后火焰及燃烧中间产物经由多道环形障碍物与喷孔的多级加速后喷入主燃烧室，加快主燃烧室的燃烧速率。火焰加速喷嘴空腔中的燃料可以选择高反应活性，高层流火焰速度燃料，如氢气。也可以选择与主燃烧室相同的燃料。
进一步的，所述上腔体的内部设置有冷却液通道，冷却液能够从上腔体的一端流入，另一端流出。
本发明的使用方法如下：
一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速装置及方法，首先通过进气管喷气阀将气体燃料与新鲜空气混合，随后进气门打开使混合工质进入主燃烧室内部；
之后在加速装置的上腔体内部喷射燃料并点火，随后火焰通过火焰加速喷嘴中的环形障碍物与喷孔加速喷出，喷出的火焰射流点燃主燃烧室燃料混合气，实现主燃烧室稳定且快速的燃烧。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案所带来的有益效果是：
1.本发明多级火焰加速装置通过在火焰加速喷嘴的空腔中喷射燃料并点火，火焰在经过燃烧装置内部设置的多道环形障碍物与喷孔的过程中实现多级加速，以获得更快的火焰传播速度，借此以达到可靠点燃气体燃 料混合气并加速其燃烧过程的目的，最终实现超稀薄燃烧和高效燃烧。
2.所述的多级火焰加速装置内部设计有冷却流道，通过引入冷却液可避免喷油器过热损坏。
3.可以选择在发动机中喷射一种燃料或是双燃料。采用双燃料方案可实现高活性燃料引燃低活性燃料，以增加低活性燃料的着火稳定性与燃烧速率。具体选择单燃料或双燃料可以根据实际需求和发动机参数进行选择。
附图说明
图1为本发明的多级火焰加速装置的零件爆炸图。
图2为本发明的多级火焰加速装置的装配示意图。
图3是火焰加速喷嘴与上腔体配合端面的详细结构。
图4是火焰加速喷嘴的断面图。
图5为火焰多级加速装置的冷却液通道示意图。
图6为火焰多级加速装置的火焰加速原理示意图。
附图标记：1-压紧件；2-上腔体；3-燃料喷射器；4-喷嘴密封圈；5-火焰加速喷嘴；6-气缸盖密封圈；7火花塞。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图1为本发明的零件爆炸图，共包含7个零件。按照功能的不同可将该装置分为上下两部分，上半部分包括压紧件1，上腔体2，燃料喷射器3与火花塞7。此部分负责提供装置的主体结构，确定燃料喷射器3与火花塞7的安装位置，以及固定整体装置在气缸盖上的位置。
下半部分包括喷嘴密封圈4，火焰加速喷嘴5与气缸盖密封圈6。其中火焰加速喷嘴的空腔中设置有由环形板组成的环形障碍物，其与喷射孔共同构成火焰加速的通道。这部分负责加速射流火焰，为发动机燃烧室提供多点分布且可靠的点火源。喷嘴密封圈4负责上腔体与火焰加速喷嘴之间的密封，气缸盖密封圈6则负责装置整体与气缸盖之间的密封。
如图2所示，火花塞7与燃料喷射器3安装在上腔体2中。随后上腔体2与下方的火焰加速喷嘴5连接，二者连接处有对应的缺口进行配合， 以保证二者之间的配合方向正确，缺口如图3所示。上腔体2与火焰加速喷嘴5之间的密封通过接触端面加装喷嘴密封圈4进行密封。
随后压紧件1套在上腔体2上，并通过上腔体的阶梯槽将装置主体结构压紧在气缸盖上，压紧件1与气缸盖之间通过螺纹连接。装置整体与气缸盖之间也通过端面加装气缸盖密封圈6进行密封。
具体火焰加速喷嘴的结构示意图如图4所示，本实例采用两道环形障碍物。火焰经两级环形障碍物与喷孔的逐级加速，火焰射流可以达到更高的传播速度，从而达到可靠点燃燃烧室内气体燃料混合气并加速其燃烧过程的目的。
为了保证所述的火焰多级加速装置的冷却，在上腔体内部设计了冷却液通道，如图5所示，冷却液从一端流入，另一端流出。
本发明提出的火焰多级加速装置，其具体使用方式分为以下部分。首先通过进气管喷气阀将气体燃料与新鲜空气混合，随后进气门打开使混合工质进入燃烧室内部。为了使得火焰加速喷嘴5内部空腔中获得混合良好的燃料混合气，同时避免燃料混合气流入主燃烧室，因此选择在发动机压缩冲程喷射燃料，如氢气，随后根据运行工况的不同选择合适的点火提前角。
火焰多级加速装置的内部火焰发展如图6所示。首先火花塞跳火激发初始火核形成，随后火焰以接近球面的前锋面向前传播。当火焰前锋面发展至环形障碍物处，经两道环形障碍物与喷孔的逐级加速，最终高速火焰射流进入主燃烧室并引燃主燃烧室内气体燃料混合气。
本发明并不限于上文描述的实施方式。以上对具体实施方式的描述旨在描述和说明本发明的技术方案，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，并不是限制性的。在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下还可做出很多形式的具体变换，这些均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速装置，其特征在于，包括压紧件、上腔体、火花塞、燃料喷射器、冷却装置和火焰加速喷嘴；所述火花塞和燃料喷射器安装在所述上腔体内，所述压紧件套装于上腔体上部，并通过上腔体的阶梯槽将加速装置整体与气缸盖固定连接；所述上腔体的底部安装有喷嘴密封圈、火焰加速喷嘴和气缸盖密封圈；所述火焰加速喷嘴的空腔中设置有由若干环形板组成的环形障碍物，喷嘴密封圈用于上腔体与火焰加速喷嘴之间的密封，气缸盖密封圈用于加速装置整体与气缸盖之间的密封。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速装置，其特征在于，所述火焰加速喷嘴中能够喷射高反应活性，高层流火焰速度的燃料，用以引燃主燃烧室低反应活性，低层流火焰速度的燃料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速装置，其特征在于，所述上腔体的内部设置有冷却液通道，冷却液能够从上腔体的一端流入，另一端流出。
  4. 一种用于气体燃料发动机的火焰多级加速方法，根据权利要求1所述加速装置，其特征在于，首先通过进气管喷气阀将气体燃料与新鲜空气混合，随后进气门打开使混合工质进入主燃烧室内部；
    之后在加速装置的上腔体内部喷射燃料并点火，随后火焰通过火焰加速喷嘴中的环形障碍物与喷孔加速喷出，喷出的火焰射流点燃主燃烧室燃料混合气，实现主燃烧室稳定且快速的燃烧。
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