WO2022049355A1 - Procédé de préparation d'une composition fertilisante par oxydation - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation d'une composition fertilisante par oxydation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022049355A1 WO2022049355A1 PCT/FR2021/051524 FR2021051524W WO2022049355A1 WO 2022049355 A1 WO2022049355 A1 WO 2022049355A1 FR 2021051524 W FR2021051524 W FR 2021051524W WO 2022049355 A1 WO2022049355 A1 WO 2022049355A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a fertilizer composition by oxidation of humic substances, the compositions thus obtained and their use as a fertilizer.
- the fertilizing compositions prepared can in particular be used in agriculture, in particular for stimulating the growth of plants.
- Humic substances are both macromolecular and supramolecular biomolecules [8]. Humic substances are largely responsible for the brown color of decomposed plant debris and also contribute to the black-brown color of soil surfaces. Humic substances are therefore very important components of the soil as they affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increase its fertility. In aquatic systems, such as rivers, humic substances make up about 50% of dissolved organic matter. Humic substances affect its pH and alkalinity.
- Humic substances are complex and heterogeneous mixtures of polydispersed materials formed by chemical and biochemical reactions during the decomposition and transformation of plants and microbial residues, resulting in a process known as humification.
- Plant lignin and its transformation products, as well as polysaccharides, melanin, cutin, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, fine particles of carbonization residues, are important compounds participating in this humification process. .
- Humic substances are substances with very complex structures which are however considered as chemical entities in their own right. According to the definition given by the International Humic Substance Society (IHSS), humic substances are complex and heterogeneous mixtures of polydisperse materials formed in soils, sediments and natural waters by biochemical and chemical reactions during decomposition and the transformation of plant and microbial remains (a process called humification).
- IHSS International Humic Substance Society
- Humic substances include in particular humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and humin.
- HA humic acids
- FA fulvic acids
- humin humin
- humic substances In the field of agriculture, the use of humic substances has many advantages.
- an effective quantity of humic substances makes it possible to improve the state of health of the plants and the yield, with in particular a better use of water (reduced water consumption to make the same mass of dry matter), increased root length after germination, better rooting, increased biomass (leaves, stems, flowers and fruits) with better dry matter content, improved precocity of flowering and fruiting [1] .
- the oxidation, for example ozonation, of a composition of humic substances makes it possible to optimize its fertilizing properties, compared with a composition of non-oxidized humic substances.
- a composition of oxidized humic substances for example an ozonated composition of humic substances, significantly stimulated the absorption of minerals in the plant, compared to a composition of non-oxidized humic substances, for example a composition of non-ozonated humic substances.
- the present invention which finds application in the field of agriculture, aims to provide a new process for preparing a fertilizing composition by oxidation humic substances, the compositions thus obtained and their use as a fertilizer.
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a fertilizing composition, comprising a step of treating a liquid composition of humic substances whose mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution, measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), is “Rh average before treatment” with an appropriate amount of oxidizing agent to obtain a liquid composition of oxidized humic substances whose mass average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution (Rh average after treatment), measured by DLS, CSt SUPERIOR TO AVERAGE Rh BEFORE TREATMENT-
- DLS Dynamic Light Scattering
- the invention relates to a fertilizing composition obtainable by the process according to the invention.
- the invention relates to the use of a composition according to the invention as a stimulant for the absorption of minerals in a plant, preferably the minerals are chosen from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and/or sulfur.
- the invention relates to a method for fertilizing a plant, a soil or a growing medium comprising the application to said plant, said soil or said growing medium of a composition according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a process for fertilizing a plant, a soil or a growing medium consisting in preparing a fertilizing composition by implementing the process of the invention, and applying, for example directly after the preparation, said fertilizing composition to the plant, to the soil or to the growing medium.
- the present invention stems from the surprising advantages demonstrated by the inventors of the effect of oxidation, for example ozonation, on the fertilizing power of a liquid composition of humic substances.
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a fertilizing composition, comprising a step of treating a liquid composition of humic substances whose mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution, measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) , is "Rh average before treatment” with an appropriate amount of oxidizing agent to obtain a liquid composition of oxidized humic substances whose the mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution (average Rh after treatment), measured by DLS, is greater than the Rhmo y before treatment
- DLS Dynamic Light Scattering
- the description also relates to a method for improving the fertilizing properties of a composition of humic substances, comprising a step of treating a liquid composition of humic substances whose mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution, measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), is "Rh avg before treatment” with an appropriate amount of oxidizing agent to obtain a liquid composition of oxidized humic substances whose mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution (Rh avg after treatment), measured by DLS, is higher than the average Rh n before treatment-
- DLS Dynamic Light Scattering
- the method comprises the following steps: a) obtaining a liquid composition of humic substances whose mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution, measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), is “Rh average before treatment * , b) treating the liquid composition of humic substances with an appropriate amount of oxidizing agent to obtain an oxidized liquid composition of humic substances whose mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution (average Rh n after treatment), MEASUREMENT by DLS, is higher than the Rhaverage before treatment-
- DLS Dynamic Light Scattering
- fertilizer composition(s) are synonyms and designate a composition, a substance, or a mixture substances, of natural or synthetic origin, applied or intended to be applied to plants or their rhizosphere or to fungi or their mycosphere, alone or mixed with another material, with the aim of providing plants or to fungi of nutrients or to improve their nutritional efficiency or to stimulate plant nutrition processes independently of the nutrients it contains, for the sole purpose of improving one or more of the characteristics of plants or their rhizosphere such as nutrient use efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, quality characteristics or availability of nutrients confined to the soil and rhizosphere.
- This definition is derived from the definition in European Union Regulation No. 2019 1009.
- the inventors have in fact shown that it is possible to improve the fertilizing properties of a liquid composition of humic substances by treating said composition with an appropriate amount of oxidizing agent, for example an appropriate amount of ozone.
- an appropriate amount of oxidizing agent for example an appropriate amount of ozone.
- the inventors have in fact noticed, quite unexpectedly, that mild oxidation of a liquid composition of humic substances increases the mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution (average Rh), measured by DLS, and that this increase in the average Rh was associated with an increase in the fertilizing properties of said composition.
- the amount of oxidizing agent must be adapted to obtain a liquid composition of oxidized humic substances whose mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution (Rh average after treatment), measured by DLS, is higher than the average Rh before treatment, measured by DLS.
- DLS Dynamic Light Scattering
- the principle of DLS is based on measurements of scattered light intensity fluctuation due to Brownian motion of the particles. The larger a particle the slower its movement will be. This phenomenon is described by the Stokes-Einstein law.
- the incident laser beam will pass through the analyzed liquid composition.
- the ray scattered at 90° (the most commonly used angle) will depend on the morphology of the particles.
- the intensity variation of the scattered ray gives information on the diffusion of the particles and therefore on their size [11].
- the values of Rh mean are calculated by weighting by the percentage by mass of each population.
- the measured scatter intensity range can be 1.36 x 106 to 3.14 x 106 counts per second (cps). All measurements can be taken at a detection angle of 90° and all reported sizes are averages of 15 sequences of 5 s each.
- a DLS protocol that can be implemented within the scope of the invention is described in the examples.
- the DLS analyzes make it possible to measure the mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution, that is to say the mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles of the soluble fraction of the composition. liquid of humic substances.
- certain liquid compositions of humic substances may comprise a non-negligible amount of insoluble matter. This is the case, for example, when the liquid composition of humic substances is prepared from a raw material (eg peat) mixed with water.
- a raw material eg peat
- the person skilled in the art knows that he must carry out the measurements of the average Rh by DLS on the soluble fraction of the liquid composition of humic substances.
- the soluble fraction can be obtained very easily by separating it from the insoluble fraction, for example by decantation, filtration or by centrifugation.
- An example of separation of the soluble fraction and the insoluble fraction consists in centrifuging at 4800 rpm for 30 minutes.
- the liquid composition of humic substances to be oxidized can be obtained from natural humic substances. It may for example be a raw material containing humic substances, for example peat, leonardite, lignite, hard coal or anthracite. Thus, a liquid composition of humic substances can be a liquid composition of peat, leonardite, lignite, coal or anthracite.
- Peat is fossil organic matter formed by accumulation over long periods of time of dead organic matter, essentially plants, in an environment saturated with water. Peat forms most of the soils in peatlands. Peat can be more or less rich in humic substances depending on the degree of decomposition.
- the degree of decomposition of peat is classified according to the Von Post scale which goes from H1 (least decomposed peat) to H 10 (most decomposed peat) [9].
- Humus peat that is to say a peat classified from H6 to H 10 according to the Von Post scale, is the preferred peat for implementing the process according to the invention because it is richer in humic substances. than peat classified from H1 to H5 according to the Von Post scale.
- Leonardite is a rock which can contain more than 90% by weight of humic substances. This rock has undergone more extensive degradation than peat, but less extensive than coal.
- Lignite is a sedimentary rock composed of the fossil remains of plants. It is an intermediate rock between peat and coal.
- Coal is a sedimentary carbonaceous rock corresponding to a specific quality of coal, intermediate between lignite and anthracite. Blackish in color, it comes from the carbonization of plant organisms.
- Anthracite is a sedimentary rock of organic origin. It is a grey, blackish and shiny variety of coal extracted from the mines.
- the liquid composition of humic substances to be oxidized can also be obtained from synthetic humic substances.
- Synthetic humic substances can for example result from a process of synthesis [7] or from the transformation of natural humic substances, in particular by hemisynthesis.
- Humic substances can also be extracted from organic matter (peat, leonardite, lignite, hard coal, anthracite, soils rich in humic substances, composts of plant waste, etc.) using an alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) and optionally subjected to purification [10].
- Humic substances can in particular be extracted and/or purified by methods well known to those skilled in the art [5] [10].
- the liquid composition of humic substances to be oxidized includes liquid compositions of a salt of humic substances.
- a salt of humic substances is used, such as potassium humates or potassium salt of humic substances.
- Salts of humic substances are sold commercially. Mention may be made, for example, of the potassium salt of humic substances marketed by the company Humatex under the brand name Dralig® (CAS 68514-28-3).
- Dralig® product is prepared from humic substances extracted from natural Czech oxyhumolite with a high content of humic substances.
- FIG. 5 shows the HPSEC profile of a liquid composition of humic substances which can be used in the method according to the invention (in dotted lines).
- concentration of humic substances in the liquid composition is not limited. It can for example be between 100 and 1000 mg/L, preferably between 400 and 500 mg/L, for example approximately 550 mg/L.
- the humic substance purity of the liquid composition of humic substances can also vary, for example depending on the source used. Of course, peat is generally less pure in humic substances than leonardite or a commercial powder of humic substances, such as the product Dralig® (CAS 68514-28-3).
- the liquid composition of humic substances to be treated comprises at least 50% by dry mass of humic substances, for example at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% by dry mass of humic substances.
- the appropriate amount of oxidizing agent necessary for the implementation of the method can depend on various parameters, such as the nature of the humic substances, the purity of the liquid composition of humic substances, the quantity of humic substances to be treated, the nature of the oxidizing agent, etc. Nevertheless, those skilled in the art will have no difficulty in determining the appropriate amount of oxidizing agent by simply measuring the average Rh by DLS , for example by following the evolution of the average Rh with increasing amounts of an agent. oxidant. These measurements can for example make it possible to define a quantity of oxidizing agent not to be exceeded so that the average Rh n after treatment, measured by DLS, is greater than the average Rh n before treatment, measured by DLS. Thus, it is easy to determine the appropriate amount of oxidizing agent for a given liquid composition of humic substances and a given oxidizing agent.
- Figure 8B shows the evolution of the average Rh, measured by DLS, with increasing amounts of ozone.
- the amount of oxidizing agent can be easily adapted so as to obtain, as far as possible, an average Rh, measured by DLS, the value of which is desired.
- the amount of oxidizing agent is chosen to obtain a maximum value of average Rh, measured by DLS.
- liquid compositions of humic substances may include a significant amount of insoluble matter. This is the case, for example, when treating a raw material (eg peat) mixed with water.
- a raw material eg peat
- DLS DLS measurements on the soluble fraction of the liquid composition comprising humic substances.
- the soluble fraction can be obtained very easily by separating it from the insoluble fraction, for example by filtration or by centrifugation, as detailed previously in the description.
- the average Rh after treatment is 3U minus 2 times higher than the average Rh before treatment, preferably at least 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times higher, for example at least
- the treatment time is not limiting as long as one obtains an average Rh after treatment higher than the average Rh before treatment.
- the duration of the treatment is between 5 minutes and 10 hours.
- the quantity of oxidizing agent, and possibly the duration of the treatment are adapted to the initial quantity of humic substances and to the oxidizing agent used. The duration of the optimal treatment can therefore be easily adapted by the person skilled in the art.
- the mass proportion of the particles in solution having a hydrodynamic radius of between 15 nm and 10,000 nm of the composition of oxidized humic substances, measured by DLS is at least 2 times greater than the mass proportion particles in solution having a hydrodynamic radius between 15 nm and 10000 nm of the composition of humic substances before oxidation, preferably at least 2.5 times, for example at least 3 times, at least 3.5 times, at least 4 times, at least 4.5 times, at least 5 times, at least 6 times.
- Figures 7 and 8A show the evolution of the mass proportion of particles in solution having a hydrodynamic radius between 15 nm and 10,000 nm, measured by DLS, with increasing amounts of ozone.
- the weight-average molar mass in solution (hereinafter "Mw") (expressed in Da) of the liquid composition of oxidized humic substances is greater than the Mw of the composition of humic substances before oxidation.
- Mi molar mass relative to the retention time obtained in HPLC (resulting from the column calibration carried out with standards).
- the calculation of Mw is generally done automatically by the HPLC device. To calculate Mw, it is possible to do it manually or to use software such as the Chromeleon software which is an HPLC data acquisition software.
- Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the increase in Mw with increasing amounts of ozone.
- the oxidizing agent is advantageously chosen from ozone, ultraviolet rays and/or hydrogen peroxide.
- the oxidizing agents can be used alone or combined with each other to obtain the desired composition.
- the oxidizing agent is ozone
- Ozone is a particularly advantageous oxidizing agent because it is easy to use, inexpensive and the quantity of which is easy to control for the implementation of the method of the invention. Since ozone is unstable, it is produced at the place of consumption. On an industrial scale, ozone is generally produced by electrical discharges in tubular generators. This production is due to an ozone generator, which is essentially composed of two conductive electrodes held facing each other. The air or oxygen is compressed, then dried, and passes between these two electrodes where it is subjected to an electric discharge in a high voltage alternating current field. Some of the oxygen turns into ozone. A cooling circuit absorbs the excess heat produced by the discharge.
- one of the electrodes or sometimes both are covered with a dielectric with high permittivity, of uniform thickness producing an equipotential surface.
- the dielectrics used are glasses whose permittivity varies, depending on the chemical composition, from 4 to 6.5. Ozone is therefore produced by causing an oxygenated fluid to slowly circulate in the remaining space and by creating in the gaseous space a sinusoidal alternating voltage of sufficiently high amplitude.
- the ozone can be gaseous ozone produced from oxygen, for example from air, from oxygen-enriched air or from pure oxygen.
- An ozone generator suitable for implementing the invention is Lab2b or CFS1 from the company Ozonia (Suez).
- the quantity of ozone is adapted to obtain an average Rh after treatment higher than the average Rh before treatment.
- the quantity of ozone will therefore essentially depend on the quantity of humic substances present in the composition.
- the mass of ozone/mass of humic substances ratio is less than 10.
- the mass of ozone corresponds to the mass of ozone applied to the liquid composition of humic substances.
- the mass of humic substances corresponds to the mass of humic substances present in the liquid composition of humic substances to be ozonated, that is to say the mass of humic substances before ozonation.
- the mass of humic substances can be determined by HPLC.
- the ratio mass of ozone/mass of humic substances can for example be less than 9, less than 8, less than 7, less than 6, less than 5, less than 4.5, less than 4, less than 3.5 , for example between 0.2 and 10, between 0.2 and 9, between 0.2 and 8, between 0.2 and 7, between 0.2 and 6, between 0.2 and 5 , between 0.2 and 3.5, between 0.5 and 3.5, between 1 and 10, between 1 and 9, between 1 and 8, between 1 and 7, between 1 and 6 , between 1 and 5, between 1 and 4, between 1 and 3, between 1 and 2, for example is equal to about 1.5.
- ozone generator Any type of ozone generator can be used in the implementation of the method according to the invention.
- air ozone generators dried air with a dew point of -50°C to - 70°C
- low frequency ozone generators 50 Hz
- medium frequency ozone generators 150 to 600 Hz
- the ozone is produced and injected into a reactor, where the composition to be treated is injected beforehand.
- Mention may be made, for example, of the CFS1 ozone generator from Ozonia, which is particularly suitable for implementing the method according to the invention. It is also possible to use excimers which are good generators of ozone.
- reactors equipped with porous diffusers reactors equipped with turbines, and U-tube piston flow reactors, equipped with a pump to overcome pressure drops.
- the gas containing ozone Before being injected into the liquid composition of humic substances, the gas containing ozone can be divided into "micro-bubbles", ie bubbling of the ozone, using various materials, for example using porous diffusers arranged in the lower part of the tanks or columns or a hydro-injector ensuring the spraying of the gas directly into the composition to be treated.
- the latter has the advantage of a better rate of dissolution of the ozone in the treated composition.
- the treatment is carried out by bubbling ozone into the liquid composition of humic substances, for example by bubbling 8 x W 4 at 0.5 grams of ozone per minute (g/min ), for example from 8 x W 4 g/min to 0.1 g/min, for example from 8.33 x W 4 g/min to 0.1 g/min of ozone, preferably from 1.5 x W 2 g/min at 1.9 x W 2 g/min ozone.
- the duration of bubbling depends on the quantity of ozone that one wishes to apply.
- the ozone concentration of the liquid composition is constant during the treatment, preferably the ozone concentration ranges from 1 g/m 3 to 120 g/m 3 , advantageously it is equal at approximately 20 g/m 3 .
- the method according to the invention may comprise one or more additional steps, for example one or more steps chosen from:
- liquid composition of oxidized humic substances for example freeze-drying, the liquid composition of oxidized humic substances; and granulating the liquid oxidized humic substance composition or a fertilizer composition comprising the liquid oxidized humic substance composition.
- a fertilizing composition comprising the liquid composition of oxidized humic substances can be prepared by adding, to the composition of oxidized humic substances, a mineral fertilizer, preferably containing one or more minerals chosen from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium , calcium, magnesium and/or sulfur, to ozonated humic substances. The addition can be done before or after the additional steps mentioned above.
- the invention also relates to a fertilizing composition which can be obtained by the process according to the invention.
- the mass-average hydrodynamic radius of the particles in solution (Rh mO yen), measured by DLS is greater than 50 nm, preferably greater than 75 nm, for example greater than 100 nm, greater than 150 nm, greater than 200 nm, greater than 250 nm, greater than 500 nm, greater than 750 nm, greater than 1000 nm, greater than 1250 nm, greater than 1500 nm, greater than 1750 nm, greater than 2000 nm.
- the mass proportion of particles in solution having a hydrodynamic radius of between 15 nm and 10,000 nm, measured by DLS is greater than 15%, preferably greater than 20%, for example greater than 25%, greater than 30%, over 35%, over 40%, over 45%, over 50%, over 55%, over 60%, over 65%, over 70%, over 75%, over 80%.
- Mw of the fertilizing composition according to the invention is between 100 kDa and 300 kDa, for example between 100 kDa and 250 kDa, between 100 kDa and 200 kDa, between 100 kDa and 180 kDa, preferably between 150 kDa and 170 kDa, for example it is about 160 kDa.
- the diagram of degradation of humic substances by ozone is presented in Figure 3, taken from [6].
- the composition according to the invention further comprises one or more fertilizing substance(s) chosen from urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate , phosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, manganese nitrate, zinc nitrate, copper nitrate, phosphoric acid, potassium nitrate and boric acid.
- fertilizing substance(s) chosen from urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate , phosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, manganese nitrate, zinc nitrate, copper nitrate, phosphoric acid, potassium nitrate and boric acid.
- the composition according to the invention further comprises one or more mineral fertilizers.
- the mineral fertilizer preferably comprises one or more minerals chosen from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and/or sulphur. It has in fact been shown that oxidized humic substances allow better absorption of minerals by the plant compared to non-ozonated humic substances.
- a composition according to the invention which also comprises one or more mineral fertilizers therefore has particularly advantageous properties.
- Figure 5 shows the HPSEC profile of a fertilizing composition according to the invention which was obtained by implementing the method according to the invention (solid line).
- Figure 7 shows a DLS profile of fertilizing compositions according to the invention which have been obtained by implementing the method according to the invention, with a mass ratio of ozone/mass of humic substances (R) equal to 0.1, equal to 0.5 or equal to 2.
- composition according to the invention can be in liquid form, for example in the form of a fertilizing solution, or in solid form, for example in the form of granules.
- the invention also relates to the use of a composition according to the invention as a stimulant for the absorption of minerals in a plant, preferably the minerals are chosen from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium , magnesium and/or sulfur.
- the invention also relates to the use of a composition according to the invention as a stimulant for the production of pigments in a plant, preferably the production of carotenoids, chlorophyll A and/or chlorophyll B.
- the invention also relates to a method for fertilizing a plant, a soil or a growing medium comprising the application to said plant, said soil or said growing medium of a composition according to invention.
- the invention also relates to a process for fertilizing a plant, a soil or a growing medium consisting in (i) preparing a fertilizing composition by implementing the process of the invention, and ( ii) applying, for example directly after the preparation, said fertilizing composition to the plant, to the soil or to the growing medium.
- a culture support is intended to serve as a culture medium for a plant by making it possible both to anchor the absorbent organs of the plant and to bring them into contact with the solutions necessary for plant growth.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to stimulate the absorption of minerals in the plant.
- the minerals are chosen from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and/or sulphur.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to stimulate the production of pigments in the plant, preferably the production of carotenoids, chlorophyll A and/or chlorophyll B.
- the use or the method according to the invention makes it possible to increase the photosynthetic activity of a plant and/or to stimulate the aerial and/or root growth of the plant.
- the fertilizing composition is applied to the plant, to the soil or to the growing medium, in liquid form, directly after the treatment with the oxidizing agent.
- the application can be done continuously, that is to say that the fertilizing composition in liquid form is applied to the soil or to the growing medium in a continuous flow as the treatment with the oxidizing agent.
- composition according to the invention can be applied to the plant via the leaf or root route.
- the soil is an acid soil.
- acidic soil is soil with a pH below pH 6.5.
- the inventors have in fact shown that under acidic conditions the ozonated humic substances precipitate less than the non-ozonated humic substances, and that they therefore retain their fertilizing properties.
- the present invention finds application in the treatment of a very wide variety of plants. Among these, we can mention in particular:
- cereals e.g. wheat, maize
- oilseeds e.g. soya, sunflower
- - grassland plants useful for animal feed specialized crops such as, in particular, market gardening (eg lettuce, spinach, tomato, melon), vines, arboriculture (pear, apple, nectarine), or horticulture (eg roses).
- market gardening eg lettuce, spinach, tomato, melon
- vines e.g., tomato, melon
- arboriculture pear, apple, nectarine
- horticulture eg roses
- Figure 1 is an HPSEC curve which shows the evolution of the weight average molar mass in solution (Mw) of the liquid composition of humic substances during the treatment with ozone. The figure also shows the evolution of the Number Average Molecular Mass (Mn) of the liquid composition of humic substances during treatment with ozone.
- FIG. 2 is an HPSEC curve which shows the evolution of the mean molar mass by weight in solution (Mw) of the liquid composition of humic substances as a function of the “mass of ozone/mass of humic substances” ratio.
- Mw mean molar mass by weight in solution
- Mn Number Average Molecular Mass
- Figure 3 represents the process of degradation of humic substances by oxidation with ozone.
- Figure 4 illustrates the assembly of a batch reactor used for the ozonation of a liquid composition of humic substances.
- Figure 5 is an HPSEC profile of an ozonated humic substance composition (parent composition of Example 1) and a non-ozonated humic substance composition (control composition of Example 1).
- the solid line shows the ozonated composition and the dotted line shows the non-ozonated control composition.
- Figure 6 is a histogram obtained from the HPSEC data of Figure 5 which represents the percentage of the different families of humic substances according to their molecular mass.
- FIG. 7 is a DLS (Dynamic light scattering) analysis which shows the evolution of the size of humic substances with increasing amounts of ozone.
- Figure 9 is a curve which compares the evolution of the length of the leaves of maize treated with a composition of ozonated humic substances (1.5.2+SN) and a composition of non-ozonated humic substances (T.2+SN ).
- Figure 10 represents the average leaf length of maize treated with an ozonated humic substance composition (1) and a non-ozonated humic substance composition (0).
- Figure 11 is a curve which compares the evolution of the length of the roots of maize treated with a composition of ozonated humic substances (1.5.2+SN) and a composition of non-ozonated humic substances (T.2+SN ).
- Figure 12 represents the average root length of maize treated with an ozonated humic substance composition (1) and a non-ozonated humic substance composition (0).
- FIG. 13 is a histogram which compares the length of the roots of maize treated with a composition of minerals, a composition of non-ozonated humic substances (T.2+SN), a composition of ozonated humic substances with a ratio “ mass of ozone/mass of humic substances” of 0.5 (0.5.2+SN), a composition of ozonated humic substances with a “mass of ozone/mass of humic substances” ratio of 1.5 (1.5.2 +SN) and a composition of ozonated humic substances with a “mass of ozone/mass of humic substances” ratio of 3.5 (3.5.2+SN).
- Figure 14 is a bar graph comparing the carotenoid content of maize leaves treated with an ozonated humic substance composition (left) and a non-ozonated humic substance composition (right).
- Figure 15 is a bar graph comparing the chlorophyll A content of maize leaves treated with an ozonated humic substance composition (left) and a non-ozonated humic substance composition (right).
- FIG. 16 Figure 16 is a bar graph comparing the chlorophyll B content of maize leaves treated with an ozonated humic substance composition (left) and a non-ozonated humic substance composition (right).
- Figure 17 is an HPSEC profile of a liquid composition of non-ozonated humic substances before and after lyophilization.
- Figure 18 is an HPSEC profile of a liquid composition of ozonated humic substances before and after lyophilization.
- Figure 19 is a curve showing the precipitation of humic substances as a function of pH in a liquid composition of ozonated humic substances (in solid lines) and in a liquid composition of non-ozonated humic substances (in dotted lines).
- a liquid composition of humic substances was obtained by diluting 11 grams of a potassium salt powder of humic substances (Dralig® product marketed by the company Humatex - CAS 68514-28-3) in 20 liters of water, to obtain 20 liters of a composition with a concentration of humic substances of 550 mg/L.
- This liquid composition of humic substances was used in the examples below as “control composition”.
- the ozonation reaction was carried out in a conventional batch reactor described in Figure 4.
- the reactor used was a simple glass bottle (1) containing IL of the composition of humic substances at 550 mg/L (2) . This solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer (3).
- the ozone was produced with an ozone generator (CFS1 - Ozonia) powered by pure oxygen (4).
- the ozone concentration used was 20 g/m 3 in the gas flow entering the reactor (with a flow rate of 1.67x10'2 g/min of ozone) and was monitored using the ozone analyzer.
- ozone (5) The flow of gas entering the reactor was regulated at 50 L/h using a flow meter (6).
- the temperature of the incoming gas was measured with a thermometer (7) and was between 17 and 22°C.
- the gas was injected into the composition of humic substances with a glass inlet and a frit comprising pores of an average size of 200 ⁇ m (8).
- the excess ozone was then destroyed in a second reactor (9) containing a solution of potassium iodide (Kl) at 50 g/L (10).
- a valve was used to control the reaction (11). When the ozone was not used in the reactor, it was sent directly to the destroyer (9).
- the ozonation time was 50 minutes for IL of composition of humic substances at 550 mg/L.
- compositions of ozonated humic substances were diluted to a quarter with MilliQ water.
- the liquid composition of humic substances thus obtained was used in the examples below as “stock composition”.
- the measured scatter intensity range was 1.36 x 106 to 3.14 x 106 counts per second (cps). All measurements were taken at a 90° detection angle and all sizes reported are averages of 15 sequences of 5 seconds each. The reproducibility of the samples was analyzed 3 times. 20 ⁇ L of each solution was used and all solutions were adjusted to 25°C in the sample chamber of the instrument and allowed to equilibrate for 5 min.
- a disposable microcuvette (WYATT technology) was used to perform the DLS measurement.
- Dynamics software (WYATT technology) was used to control the acquisition of measurements and analyze the data.
- Example 2 characterization of the fertilizing composition
- control composition and the stock composition were also analyzed by DLS (Dynamic light scattering).
- DLS is an analytical technique based on the Brownian motion of particles, described by the Stokes-Einstein equation. It has been used to study the aggregation of humic substances.
- the DLS allowed to determine the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and the polydispersity of humic substances in solution.
- the measured scattering intensity range was 1.36 x 10 6 - 3.14 x 10 6 counts per second (cps). All measurements were taken at a 90° detection angle and all sizes reported are averages of 15 sequential runs of 5 seconds each. Samples were analyzed 26 times for reproducibility. 20 ⁇ L of each composition was used and all solutions were adjusted to 25°C in the measuring chamber and allowed to equilibrate for 5 mins.
- a disposable microcuvette (WYATT technology) was used to perform the DLS analysis.
- Dynamics software (WYATT technology) was used to control the acquisition of measurements and analyze the data.
- HPSEC results with RI detector are shown in Figures 1 and 2 (Mw and Mn) and Figures 5 and 6.
- DLS results are shown in Figures 7 and 8.
- Figures 1 and 2 show the evolution of Mw and Mn during treatment with ozone.
- Figure 5 shows that ozonation leads to a structural modification of humic substances.
- the signal increases (around 5.2 minutes), which attests to the solubilization of certain molecules.
- the peak at 6 min is degraded in favor of several populations relating to smaller molar masses (at 6.6; 7.0; 7.7 and 8.9 minutes). It should be noted that the peak at 10 minutes corresponds to all the small molecules (size ⁇ 100 Da) in particular the salts contained in the mobile phase of the HPLC.
- Figure 6 represents the different percentages of the different families of humic substances according to the molecular mass.
- Figure 6 demonstrates an appearance of compounds with a molar mass greater than 170 kDa in the parent composition, whereas with the control composition, this family of molecules is not observed.
- Figure 6 also shows that ozonation leads to the formation of smaller humic substance molecules.
- FIG. 7 is a DLS (Dynamic light scattering) analysis which shows the evolution of the size of humic substances with increasing amounts of ozone.
- Rh hydrodynamic radius
- R mass ratio of ozone/mass of humic substances
- Figure 8A is a histogram obtained from the DLS data of Figure 7 which shows the mass distribution of humic substances as a function of their hydrodynamic radius (Rh) with increasing amounts of ozone.
- Composition "1.5.2+SN” (ozonated humic substances): 10 liters of stock composition (Example 1) were supplemented with hydroponic solutions, namely 2.5 mL of a solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (FloraGro® from General Hydroponics), 2.5 mL of a nitrogen and calcium solution (FloraMicro® from General Hydroponics) and 2.5 mL of a solution of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulfur (FloraBloom® from General Hydroponics).
- hydroponic solutions namely 2.5 mL of a solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (FloraGro® from General Hydroponics), 2.5 mL of a nitrogen and calcium solution (FloraMicro® from General Hydroponics) and 2.5 mL of a solution of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulfur (FloraBloom® from General Hydroponics).
- T.2+SN composition non-ozonated humic substances: 10 liters of control composition (Example 1) were supplemented with hydroponic solutions, namely 2.5 mL of a solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (FloraGro® from General Hydroponics), 2.5 mL of a nitrogen and calcium solution (FloraMicro® from General Hydroponics) and 2.5 mL of a solution of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulfur (FloraBloom® from General Hydroponics).
- hydroponic solutions namely 2.5 mL of a solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (FloraGro® from General Hydroponics), 2.5 mL of a nitrogen and calcium solution (FloraMicro® from General Hydroponics) and 2.5 mL of a solution of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulfur (FloraBloom® from General Hydroponics).
- Length of the leaves [0156] The length of the leaves was measured at each renewal of the compositions and at
- Table 5 Statistical analyzes / Tukey (HSD) / Analysis of the differences between the modalities with a confidence interval at 95% (leaf length).
- the length of the roots was measured at each renewal of the compositions and at D17. The results are shown in Figure 11. The average leaf length at D17 is shown in Figure 12.
- Table 7 Statistical analyzes / Tukey (HSD) / Analysis of the differences between the modalities with a 95% confidence interval (length of the roots).
- Table 8 Statistical analyzes / Newman-Keuls (SNK) / Analysis of the differences between the modalities with a confidence interval at 95% (length of the roots). The results show that the length of the roots is significantly greater with the composition comprising ozonated humic substances, compared with the composition comprising non-ozonated humic substances.
- Example 4 influence of the amount of ozone
- composition "0.5.2+SN” (ozonated humic substances ratio 0.5): corresponds to the composition "1.5.2+SN” except that the humic substances have been ozonated with a mass ratio of ozone/mass of humic substances of 0.5.
- composition “3.5.2+SN” (ozonated humic substances ratio 3.5): corresponds to the composition “1.5.2+SN” except that the humic substances have been ozonated with a mass ratio of ozone/mass of humic substances of 3.5.
- hydroponic cultures were maintained for 16 days, with a renewal of the compositions every 2-3 days.
- Example 3 The plants obtained in Example 3 were used to measure the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the leaves by UV-Vis spectrophotometry.
- each tube was deposited on a 96-well plate in 6 replicas of 300 ⁇ L per well (that is to say 6 ⁇ 300 ⁇ L for tube 1 and 6 ⁇ 300 ⁇ L for tube 2).
- Chlorophyll B 34.09xA 645 - 15.28xA6 63
- freeze-drying is to determine whether the transition to the solid state of ozonated humic substances induces an intra and inter molecular rearrangement. If so, it can be deduced that the molecules should be used in solution and not in the form of solids.
- Figure 17 shows the curves obtained for the non-ozonated composition. The figure shows that the curves are similar, the two profiles being relatively close. Freeze-drying has little influence on non-ozonated humic substances (figure below).
- the ozonated humic substances according to the process of the invention are very stable and resist freeze-drying.
- the ozonated humic substances according to the invention can therefore be prepared both in liquid form and in solid form (freeze-dried form) without alteration.
- Example 1 The “control” and “mother” compositions of Example 1 were used. .
- the compositions were placed in vials and acidified with increasing volumes of 0.1 mol/L HCl.
- the flasks were weighed beforehand empty (m fiaC on) - All the acidified compositions were then stirred and then centrifuged. The pellets and the supernatants were separated, the pH of the supernatant was measured, the pellet was oven-dried.
- the vials were then weighed with the pellet (m C uiot+mfiacon) - The weighings were made once the samples had returned to ambient temperature.
- FIG 19 shows that the more the solution was acidified, the more the humic substances tended to precipitate. However, the non-ozonated humic substances were precipitated up to 60% while the ozonated humic substances were only precipitated at 30%. Ozonation therefore improved the solubility of humic substances in acidic pH.
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US18/044,169 US20230331636A1 (en) | 2020-09-07 | 2021-09-06 | Oxidative method for preparing a fertilizing composition |
CA3191569A CA3191569A1 (fr) | 2020-09-07 | 2021-09-06 | Procede de preparation d'une composition fertilisante par oxydation |
EP21778186.3A EP4211096A1 (fr) | 2020-09-07 | 2021-09-06 | Procédé de préparation d'une composition fertilisante par oxydation |
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US20200230065A1 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2020-07-23 | Agro Innovation International | Humic Substance-Encapsulated Particles, Compositions and Method of Making the Same |
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US20200230065A1 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2020-07-23 | Agro Innovation International | Humic Substance-Encapsulated Particles, Compositions and Method of Making the Same |
Non-Patent Citations (11)
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CA3191569A1 (fr) | 2022-03-10 |
FR3113903B1 (fr) | 2023-02-24 |
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