WO2022048058A1 - Transducteur acoustique sous-marin à transmission directionnelle haute fréquence à haute puissance et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Transducteur acoustique sous-marin à transmission directionnelle haute fréquence à haute puissance et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022048058A1
WO2022048058A1 PCT/CN2020/133855 CN2020133855W WO2022048058A1 WO 2022048058 A1 WO2022048058 A1 WO 2022048058A1 CN 2020133855 W CN2020133855 W CN 2020133855W WO 2022048058 A1 WO2022048058 A1 WO 2022048058A1
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Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
phase
heat dissipation
composite material
underwater acoustic
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PCT/CN2020/133855
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
秦雷
仲超
王丽坤
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北京信息科技大学
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Priority to EP20952299.4A priority Critical patent/EP4173728A4/fr
Publication of WO2022048058A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022048058A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
    • B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
    • B06B1/0629—Square array
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
    • B06B1/067—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface which is used as, or combined with, an impedance matching layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
    • B06B1/0681—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface and a damping structure
    • B06B1/0685—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface and a damping structure on the back only of piezoelectric elements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of piezoelectric transducers, and in particular relates to a high-frequency underwater acoustic transducer with high-power directional emission acoustic wave characteristics based on piezoelectric composite materials and a preparation method thereof.
  • the precise docking of the charger and the current collector should be ensured first, that is, the consumption of time cost is high.
  • the operability is poor, and this method is only suitable for large-scale underwater fixed charging stations to charge large-scale UUVs and other equipment with high-power 100W to kW.
  • the acoustic energy power supply method has no underwater interface and can realize long-distance charging without complex operations such as precise positioning. It is a potential optimal solution for wireless power supply for small UUV and underwater sensor network nodes. plan.
  • underwater sonic wireless charging is the long underwater transmission distance. Compared with electromagnetic induction, this method does not generate electromagnetic interference to the outside world, nor is it affected by electromagnetic interference, and its wavelength is much smaller than that of electromagnetic waves, with good transmission direction and easier energy concentration.
  • the current research status shows that underwater sonic wireless charging can be realized at a distance of 6cm, which reveals that sonic wireless charging is feasible, but the transmission power is small and the action distance is short, and there are still many technical difficulties to be overcome. This is because researchers generally ignore the influence of the underwater acoustic transceiver as a sound wave conversion device on the charging effect.
  • the underwater acoustic transducer usually works under the condition of pulse excitation (for example, the pulse duty ratio is 2%), and the heat generated by the loss can be dissipated in time. Usually no special thermal design is necessary. In the field of underwater charging, the transmitting transducer is required to work continuously with high power, and heat dissipation design has become an inevitable core key issue.
  • the invention adopts piezoelectric materials such as piezoelectric ceramics with low loss and high voltage resistance characteristics, and combines the 1-1-3 piezoelectric composite structure to design a piezoelectric material with the characteristics of high frequency, high directivity, high power, low loss and fast heat dissipation. Transmitters.
  • a high-power high-frequency directional emission underwater acoustic transducer comprising a piezoelectric composite material, an electrode, a matching layer, a heat dissipation structure, and a sound-absorbing backing;
  • the piezoelectric composite material is a 1-1-3 type piezoelectric composite material , consisting of a piezoelectric phase, a passive phase and a structural phase, the piezoelectric phase is an array of piezoelectric material columns, the structural phase is a rigid material frame located between the piezoelectric material columns, and the passive phase is located between the piezoelectric phase and the structural phase
  • the piezoelectric composite material covers the electrodes on both surfaces in the thickness direction;
  • the matching layer is located on one side of the piezoelectric composite material, and the heat dissipation structure and the sound-absorbing backing are located on the other side of the piezoelectric composite material;
  • the heat dissipation structure is the same rigid material frame as the structure in the piezoelectric composite material; the sound
  • the heat dissipation structure and the heat dissipation structure (ie the structural phase) contained in the piezoelectric composite material have the same material and structure size; the heat dissipation structure and the heat dissipation structure (ie the structural phase) contained in the piezoelectric composite material are precise to each other. matched for good heat transfer.
  • the shell is a metal shell, and the heat dissipation structure is closely connected with the metal shell to achieve good heat transfer.
  • the cables connect leads on the electrodes.
  • the piezoelectric phase material in the piezoelectric composite material is composed of low-loss piezoelectric ceramics or piezoelectric crystals, which may be piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric crystals, and the like.
  • the passive phase material in the piezoelectric composite material is made of high temperature resistant flexible polymer, which can be polyphenylene, parylene, polyarylene ether, polyarylate, aromatic polyamide, polyamide. Amine, silicone rubber, etc.
  • the structural phase material in the piezoelectric composite material is selected from materials with good heat dissipation characteristics and prepared into a grid structure by machining, which can be carbon fiber composite materials or low-density metal materials such as aluminum and titanium alloys.
  • the matching layer is a trapezoidal matching layer, and the lower bottom surface of each trapezoid of the trapezoidal matching layer is opposite to the upper surface of the piezoelectric material column in the piezoelectric composite material.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned high-power high-frequency directional emission underwater acoustic transducer comprising the following steps:
  • the sound-absorbing backing material is poured or bonded in the heat dissipation structure composed of the rigid material frame, and cured;
  • step 8) Assemble the structure obtained in step 7) with the structural parts, and weld the wire and the watertight cable;
  • step 9) Place the structure obtained in step 8) in a mold, pour a waterproof sound-permeable layer, and complete the transducer fabrication after curing.
  • An array of emitting underwater acoustic transducers includes at least two high-power high-frequency directional emitting underwater acoustic transducers as described above.
  • the invention applies piezoelectric ceramics with low loss and high voltage resistance characteristics, and combines 1-1-3 piezoelectric composite structure design with high frequency and high directivity Transmitter type transducer with characteristics of high performance, high power, low loss and fast heat dissipation. Finally, in the marine environment, within a distance of 10m, continuous transmission of directional energy through sound waves is achieved.
  • the invention extends the research of loss and heat dissipation to the research field of piezoelectric composite materials and transducers for the first time.
  • the heat dissipation structure was introduced into piezoelectric composite materials, and expanded to the transducer structure, and the design scheme of high-power, continuous-working underwater acoustic emission transducer was explored.
  • the research and development of this new type of underwater acoustic emission transducer can also change the application mode of traditional high-frequency sonar, and open up new application fields such as underwater directional communication and underwater acoustic fuze.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-power, directional underwater acoustic emission transducer.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the 1-1-3 type composite material. (a) is a perspective view, and (b) is a plan view.
  • Figure 3 is a graph of underwater acoustic performance of a directional underwater acoustic emission transducer, in which (a) is the emission voltage response curve of sample A, (b) is the emission voltage response curve of sample B, and (c) is the sound source of samples A and B order curve, (d) is the directivity curve of samples A and B.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the near-field acoustic radiation characteristics of the transmitting transducer.
  • the structure of the high-power, directional underwater acoustic emission transducer of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 1, including piezoelectric composite material, matching layer, heat dissipation structure, sound-absorbing backing, waterproof sound-transmitting layer, and shell.
  • the piezoelectric composite material is a large-size 1-1-3 piezoelectric composite material prepared by a cutting-infusion process, so as to realize the advantages of high-power transducer and directional emission of sound waves.
  • the electrode of the piezoelectric composite material (the electrode is not shown in FIG. 1 ) adopts a low-temperature curing silver paste, which satisfies high solderability and high firmness at the same time.
  • a trapezoidal matching layer as shown in Figure 1 is used to achieve both acoustic impedance matching and displacement amplification.
  • the traditional transducer adopts the form of pulse excitation and works in the underwater environment, so the traditional transducer does not use the heat dissipation structure.
  • the transmitting transducer works under high power and adopts the form of continuous sine wave excitation, it is necessary to introduce a heat dissipation structure into the structural member as a heat dissipation mechanism in the composite material (that is, the third phase in the piezoelectric composite material is composed of The frame type heat dissipation structure) extension, so as to achieve further heat dissipation.
  • the heat dissipation structure has the same material and structure as the third phase material in the 1-1-3 piezoelectric composite material, and a high acoustic impedance epoxy resin tungsten powder mixture is added in the pores of the heat dissipation structure as the backing sound-absorbing material. Constructs sound absorbing backing.
  • the 1-1-3 type composite material structure of this embodiment is shown in Figure 2.
  • the piezoelectric column (the first phase material, also called the piezoelectric phase) is one-dimensionally connected in the z direction, and a surrounding layer is also only in the z direction.
  • the flexible polymer (the second phase material, also known as the passive phase) is connected in the direction, while the rigid material (the third phase material, also known as the structural phase) is connected in the three directions of x, y, and z, acting as a lateral support effect.
  • the conversion between vibration energy and electrical energy is realized by the longitudinal stretching mode of the first phase material in the 1-1-3 piezoelectric composite material; the low Young's modulus of the second phase material in the piezoelectric composite material is used to make the pressure
  • the electric column works in an approximate free vibration state, which further improves the energy conversion efficiency.
  • the rubber with high thermal conductivity is selected to realize the timely dissipation of the heat generated by the piezoelectric column and the interface. Young's modulus is used to achieve the mechanical stability of the composite material, and carbon fiber or low-density metal material with high thermal conductivity is selected as the third phase material to achieve further heat dissipation.
  • the density of the composite material can be reduced, and the purpose of reducing the acoustic impedance can be achieved, so that it can achieve optimal matching with water through the matching layer.
  • the high-power high-frequency directional emission underwater acoustic transducer shown in Figure 1 is prepared by the following steps:
  • the sound-absorbing backing material is poured or bonded in the heat dissipation structure composed of the rigid material frame, and cured;
  • the key technology of the present invention includes:
  • a frame-type heat dissipation structure with excellent heat dissipation effect (that is, the third in the piezoelectric composite material) is drawn through the structure of the composite material.
  • frame type heat dissipation structure formed by phase On the one hand, clever use of the frame structure in the 1-1-3 type composite material not only ensures its original structural support, but also gives it the function of heat dissipation.
  • this heat dissipation structure is closer to the source of heat generation, and wraps it in it to minimize the distance of heat transfer and increase the area of heat transfer, so as to achieve better heat dissipation effect.
  • the surface vibration distribution is not completely consistent, the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric phase is large, while the vibration displacement of the polymer phase is approximately zero. Therefore, according to the superposition principle of acoustic wave point source radiation, the beam opening angle of the transducer can be controlled by adjusting the arrangement between the piezoelectric elements inside the transducer, and the side lobe fluctuation can be adjusted to achieve the side lobe suppression effect and make the acoustic wave energy It is more concentrated in the main lobe and reduces the energy transfer loss.
  • the transmitting transducer In order to improve the power of the transmitting transducer and control the beam opening angle, it can be realized in the form of an array of transmitting transducers, as shown on the left side of Figure 4. Compared with a single transmitting transducer, the radiating surface of the transducer array is increased, the beam opening angle is smaller, and the corresponding hydrophone requires a smaller area and a longer working distance. Considering the actual working conditions of underwater wireless charging, the receiving hydrophone may appear in both the far field and the near field of the transmitting transducer. Therefore, in order to improve the charging range, the size of the hydrophone should not be suitable. too small, and can take the form of an array of receiving hydrophones.
  • the hydrophone can be decomposed into multiple sub-hydrophones, and the sub-hydrophones satisfying the far-field conditions of the sub-transmitting transducers realize the reception of sound energy. Therefore, in practical work, the hydrophone array also needs to design multiple independent charging circuits.
  • the wireless long-distance power supply of the underwater unmanned vehicle and the underwater sensor network can be realized.
  • the conversion of electrical energy to sound energy is realized through the inverse piezoelectric effect of the underwater acoustic transducer, and then the sound waves are radiated through the water medium.
  • the sound energy is converted into electrical energy, and then the load is charged through the matching circuit.
  • the present invention prepares the above-mentioned directional underwater acoustic emission transducer by using a large-sized piezoelectric composite material, the piezoelectric composite material has a side length of 200 mm, and the performance index of the transducer is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the resonant frequency of the transducer is about 150kHz, the maximum transmission voltage response reaches 183.6dB, the -3dB operating frequency range: 126kHz to 174kHz, and the bandwidth reaches 48kHz.
  • the maximum sound source level of the transducer is 233.2dB, and the -3dB directivity opening angle is 3°, that is, when the charging distance is 1m, the -3dB coverage arc length is 5cm; when the charging distance is 10m, the -3dB coverage circle The arc length is 50cm.
  • the maximum side lobe level of the transducer is -23.65dB, indicating that the energy is mainly concentrated in the main lobe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

Transducteur acoustique sous-marin à transmission directionnelle haute fréquence à haute puissance et son procédé de fabrication. Le transducteur acoustique sous-marin de transmission comprend un composite piézoélectrique, des électrodes, une couche d'adaptation, une structure de dissipation thermique, et un support acoustique ; le composite piézoélectrique est un composite piézoélectrique de type 1-1-3 et est constitué d'une phase piézoélectrique, d'une phase passive et d'une phase structurelle, la phase piézoélectrique est un réseau de colonnes de matériau piézoélectrique, la phase structurelle est un cadre de matériau rigide entre les colonnes de matériau piézoélectrique, et la phase passive est un polymère flexible entre la phase piézoélectrique et la phase structurelle ; la structure de dissipation thermique est un cadre en matériau rigide présentant la même phase structurelle que celle du composite piézoélectrique ; et le support acoustique est réparti dans la structure de dissipation thermique. Un matériau piézoélectrique présentant une faible perte et une résistance à la pression élevée et une structure composite piézoélectrique de type 1-1-3 sont utilisés pour concevoir le transducteur de transmission présentant les caractéristiques de haute fréquence, de haute directivité, de puissance élevée, de faible perte et de dissipation thermique rapide, ce qui permet une transmission continue d'énergie directionnelle à travers des ondes sonores à une distance de 10 m dans un environnement marin.
PCT/CN2020/133855 2020-09-04 2020-12-04 Transducteur acoustique sous-marin à transmission directionnelle haute fréquence à haute puissance et son procédé de fabrication WO2022048058A1 (fr)

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EP20952299.4A EP4173728A4 (fr) 2020-09-04 2020-12-04 Transducteur acoustique sous-marin à transmission directionnelle haute fréquence à haute puissance et son procédé de fabrication

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CN202010921907.7 2020-09-04
CN202010921907.7A CN112221917B (zh) 2020-09-04 2020-09-04 一种大功率高频定向发射水声换能器及其制备方法

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CN113394336A (zh) * 2021-05-17 2021-09-14 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 梯度压电复合材料及其制造方法、以及压电换能器
CN115166706A (zh) * 2022-06-14 2022-10-11 上海船舶电子设备研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七二六研究所) 多波束梯形高频接收换能器阵及多波束测深仪

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CN112221917B (zh) 2022-02-18
CN112221917A (zh) 2021-01-15
EP4173728A1 (fr) 2023-05-03

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