WO2022047850A1 - 一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置及收集方法 - Google Patents

一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置及收集方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022047850A1
WO2022047850A1 PCT/CN2020/116958 CN2020116958W WO2022047850A1 WO 2022047850 A1 WO2022047850 A1 WO 2022047850A1 CN 2020116958 W CN2020116958 W CN 2020116958W WO 2022047850 A1 WO2022047850 A1 WO 2022047850A1
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Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
module
cantilever beam
piezoelectric module
deformation
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PCT/CN2020/116958
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹晓红
简进文
杨灿
王燕燕
肖高瑶
范佳林
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深圳技术大学
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Publication of WO2022047850A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022047850A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/181—Circuits; Control arrangements or methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of energy recovery and utilization, in particular to a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collection device and collection method applied to road surfaces.
  • the structures of relatively mature piezoelectric energy harvesting devices mainly include cymbal structure and cantilever beam structure. Due to the need to ensure the comfort and safety of the vehicle, as well as to ensure the service life and working strength of the road, the piezoelectric energy harvesting device for road needs to meet the characteristics of large load and small deformation. These two structures are directly applied to the energy in the road surface. Collection is not good.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collection device and a collection method applied to the road surface in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, aiming at ensuring the comfort and safety of vehicle driving through micro-deformation And to ensure the service life and working strength of the road; and through the organic combination of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module and the application of the synchronous switch circuit to improve the energy collection efficiency of the road piezoelectric energy harvesting device.
  • a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collection device applied to a road surface wherein the device comprises a box body, an elastic rubber block arranged in the box body, and a piezoelectric module arranged in the elastic rubber block; the pressure
  • the electrical module includes:
  • the pressing plate is arranged in the elastic rubber block, a rotating shaft is arranged on the pressing plate, and when the elastic rubber block is under pressure, the pressing plate rotates around the rotating shaft;
  • a cantilever beam piezoelectric module the cantilever beam piezoelectric module is arranged on the left side of the rotating shaft, and is located obliquely above the pressure plate; when the pressure plate rotates around the rotating shaft, the pressure plate is close to the One end of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module moves upward, and squeezes the cantilever beam piezoelectric module to generate a voltage;
  • a stacked piezoelectric module the stacked piezoelectric module is arranged below the pressure plate, and when the pressure plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressure plate away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module moves downward, and extruding the stacked piezoelectric modules to generate a voltage;
  • the stacked piezoelectric module is electrically connected to the cantilever beam piezoelectric module.
  • the box body includes an upper box body and a lower box body, the upper box body and the lower box body are provided with sealing grooves, and the elastic rubber block is provided with a plurality of rectangular grooves and a plurality of Blind hole, the rectangular slot is located on the left side of the elastic rubber block, and the blind hole is located at the bottom of the elastic rubber block; the rectangular slot is used to install the cantilever beam piezoelectric module, and the blind hole is used for for mounting the stacked piezoelectric modules.
  • the cantilever beam piezoelectric module includes: an elastic member, an upper piezoelectric sheet disposed above the elastic member, and a lower piezoelectric sheet disposed below the elastic member.
  • a baffle is arranged on the left side, and the baffle is matched with the chute on the upper box;
  • the upper-layer piezoelectric sheet and the lower-layer piezoelectric sheet are electrically connected in double-layer series, and the polarization directions are opposite.
  • a load balancing block is arranged in the elastic rubber block, and the load balancing block is arranged above the cantilever beam piezoelectric module for balancing the cantilever beam piezoelectric when the load acting point is located at the cantilever beam piezoelectric module.
  • the concentrated load at the top of the module protects the piezoelectric sheet of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module;
  • the elastic rubber block is provided with a deformation limit block, and the deformation limit block is arranged at the bottom of the elastic rubber block and on the lower side of the pressing plate, and is used to limit the vertical direction of the pressing plate.
  • the maximum deformation protects the piezoelectric sheet of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module.
  • the stacked piezoelectric module includes: a lower cover; a disc spring arranged in the lower cover; a T-shaped shaft rod arranged on the disc spring; sequentially arranged on the T-shaped shaft The first pull pin, the first snap ring and the first circular piezoelectric sheet, the second pull pin, the second snap ring and the second circular piezoelectric sheet, the third pull pin, the third snap ring and the first pull pin on the rod Three circular piezoelectric sheets;
  • a first support member is arranged between the first circular piezoelectric sheet and the second circular piezoelectric sheet, and a first support member is arranged between the second circular piezoelectric sheet and the third circular piezoelectric sheet There is a second support, a third support is arranged between the third circular piezoelectric sheet and the head of the T-shaped shaft, and the third support overlaps with the edge of the lower cover;
  • the T-shaped shaft moves downward and compresses the disc spring, and drives the first A snap ring, a second snap ring, and a third snap ring press down the central regions of the first circular piezoelectric sheet, the second circular piezoelectric sheet, and the third circular piezoelectric sheet, respectively , so that the first circular piezoelectric sheet, the second circular piezoelectric sheet, and the third circular piezoelectric sheet are deformed.
  • the head of the T-shaped shaft is connected with the disc spring.
  • the stacked piezoelectric module further includes: connected to the lower cover and used for connecting the T-shaped shaft, the first pull-out pin, the first snap ring and the first circular piezoelectric sheet , the second pull pin, the second snap ring and the second circular piezoelectric sheet, the third pull pin, the third snap ring, the third circular piezoelectric sheet, the first support, the second support and the third support
  • the upper cover and the lower cover are fastened and connected by bolts; the upper cover is provided with a blind hole, and the blind hole and the end of the T-shaped shaft are shaft holes.
  • the thickness of the upper cover is smaller than that of the lower cover, so that the top surface of the lower cover and the bottom surface of the third snap ring are in contact, so that all the The lower cover supports the third snap ring.
  • both the first support member and the second support member are configured as circular rings
  • the third support member is configured as a concave shape
  • the concave third support member is used to limit the The maximum displacement of the T-shaped shaft can prevent the disc spring from being over-compressed and failing to recover.
  • the device further includes a rigid plastic plate, which is arranged below the elastic rubber block and is used for hole-shaft matching with the outer surface of the stacked piezoelectric module,
  • a rigid plastic plate which is arranged below the elastic rubber block and is used for hole-shaft matching with the outer surface of the stacked piezoelectric module,
  • the upper surface of the upper cover bolt of the stacked piezoelectric module is flush with the upper surface of the rigid plastic plate.
  • both the lower box body and the rigid plastic plate are provided with wiring grooves, and the wiring grooves are used to connect the wires of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module from the The wire lead-out holes in the box are drawn out, so that the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module are connected to the wireless sensing device preset in the ground to realize the power supply function.
  • the wires in the wiring groove are connected to a piezoelectric energy collection circuit
  • the piezoelectric energy collection circuit includes a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit, a voltage regulator circuit and a synchronous switch circuit, wherein,
  • the rectifier circuit includes a rectifier bridge and a resistance-capacitance absorption circuit; the filter circuit is an LC filter circuit; the voltage-stabilizing circuit includes a voltage follower composed of a current-limiting resistor and a triode; the synchronous switch circuit uses two respectively.
  • a triode acts as a voltage comparator and a synchronous switch circuit of a voltage trigger switch.
  • the present invention also provides an energy harvesting method based on any one of the above solutions for a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road surface, wherein the method includes:
  • the elastic rubber block in the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to the road surface is slightly deformed under pressure, so that the The pressing plate in the elastic rubber block rotates around the rotating shaft;
  • the alternating current generated by the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module is rectified, filtered and stabilized into a stable direct current, controlled by a synchronous switch, and supplied to the wireless sensing equipment of the intelligent traffic information collection system.
  • the present invention provides a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to road surfaces. It can be seen that in the present invention, the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module can be squeezed at the same time. It can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy more effectively. The generated electrical energy can be processed by the energy harvesting circuit to supply power to the wireless sensor equipment in the intelligent traffic information acquisition system. The organic combination of it makes its energy harvesting efficiency higher.
  • the stacked piezoelectric module in the present invention is combined with the use of a disc spring, because the disc spring has the advantages of small axial deformation and good vibration absorption, so that the stacked piezoelectric module can withstand the large load of the vehicle;
  • the use of elastic rubber blocks, deformation limit blocks and load balancing blocks enables the entire device to ensure the comfort and safety of vehicle driving, as well as the service life and working strength of the road through micro-deformation.
  • the energy collection circuit in the present invention uses two triodes respectively as the voltage comparator and the synchronous switch circuit of the voltage trigger switch, which can automatically detect the output voltage of the piezoelectric generator, and then automatically control the closing of the switch.
  • the road sensor device will have current passing when the voltage reaches a certain large amplitude, which ensures the stability and reliability of the road sensor device.
  • the transistor T2 or T3 of the synchronous switch circuit is in the off state, the synchronous switch That is, in the disconnected state, the piezoelectric energy collection circuit continues to supply power to the external load RL by discharging the energy storage capacitor Cr.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road surface provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper box in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower box in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an elastic rubber block in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a cantilever beam piezoelectric module in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a rigid plastic plate in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a specific application scenario of a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road surface provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a stacked piezoelectric module in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a front cross-sectional view of a stacked piezoelectric module in a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a circuit schematic diagram of a piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit connected to a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a specific implementation manner of a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collection method applied to a road surface provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the number of distributed nodes of wireless sensors for road applications is large and usually distributed in a large geographical area. This makes the traditional wired power supply method unable to meet the power supply requirements of the wireless sensors in the intelligent traffic information acquisition system in road applications.
  • sensors for smart road applications are gradually developing towards miniaturization, wireless networking and intelligence.
  • the application of materials for pavement energy harvesting technology provides a good foundation.
  • the road carries the direct action of countless vehicles and pedestrians every day.
  • the mechanical energy of these actions is usually reflected in the vibration, deformation, wear, cracking and other diseases of the road surface, and is finally dissipated in the environment in the form of heat energy.
  • the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials can be used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the waste energy can be collected and used to power the sensing nodes of traffic sensors, forming a self-powered piezoelectric traffic sensor system.
  • the system shows great advantages.
  • the structures of relatively mature piezoelectric energy harvesting devices mainly include cymbal structure and cantilever beam structure. Due to the need to ensure the comfort and safety of the vehicle, as well as to ensure the service life and working strength of the road, the piezoelectric energy harvesting device for road needs to meet the characteristics of large load and small deformation. These two structures are directly applied to the energy in the road surface. Collection is not good. To this end, this embodiment provides a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road surface. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to a road surface in this embodiment includes: There are a box body 100 , an elastic rubber block 200 arranged in the box body 100 , and a piezoelectric module 300 arranged in the elastic rubber block 200 .
  • the piezoelectric module 300 includes a pressure plate 10 , a cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and a stacked piezoelectric module 30 .
  • the pressing plate 10 is arranged in the elastic rubber block 200 , and a rotating shaft is arranged on the pressing plate 10 . Since the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to the road surface in this embodiment is disposed on the road surface, as shown in FIG.
  • the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 is disposed on the left side of the rotating shaft, and is located obliquely above the pressing plate 10; therefore, when the pressing plate 10 rotates around the rotating shaft, the pressing plate 10 The end close to the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 moves upward, and squeezes the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 to generate a voltage by rapidly pressing the cantilever beam piezoelectric module. Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the stacked piezoelectric module 30 is disposed below the pressure plate 10 . When the pressure plate 10 rotates around the rotating shaft, the pressure plate 10 is far away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 .
  • One end moves downward and presses the stacked piezoelectric module 30 , and a voltage is generated by pressing the stacked piezoelectric module 30 .
  • voltage can be generated by simultaneously pressing the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30, which can more effectively convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the generated electrical energy can be used for intelligent transportation.
  • the box body 100 in the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to the road surface in this embodiment includes an upper box body 110 and a lower box body 120 , as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , and the The upper case body 110 and the lower case body 120 are assembled together by a detachable connection structure, for example, a bolt connection structure is used to assemble and fix the upper case body 110 and the lower case body 120 .
  • a detachable connection structure for example, a bolt connection structure is used to assemble and fix the upper case body 110 and the lower case body 120 .
  • the elastic rubber block 200 is provided with a plurality of rectangular grooves 201 and a plurality of blind holes 202 , and the rectangular grooves 201 are located in the elastic rubber block 200
  • the blind hole 202 is located at the bottom of the elastic rubber block 200; the rectangular slot 201 is used to install the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20, and the blind hole 202 is used to install the stacked piezoelectric module 30.
  • the rectangular groove 201 in this embodiment is set on the left side of the elastic rubber block 200 , because the pressing plate 10 can simultaneously press the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 20 when rotating.
  • the module 30 is pressed, so the pressing plate 10 is arranged on the right side of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and is inclined downward, and the blind hole 202 is arranged at the bottom of the elastic rubber block 200, so that when all the When the pressing plate 10 rotates, it moves upwards and downwards at the same time.
  • the upward moving side will squeeze the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 by squeezing the elastic rubber block 200, and the downward moving side will squeeze the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20.
  • the stacked piezoelectric module 30 is squeezed by squeezing the elastic rubber block 200 .
  • the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 is arranged in each rectangular slot 201.
  • the upward moving side can squeeze all the cantilever piezoelectric modules 20 at the same time.
  • the blind holes 202 in this embodiment can also be arranged in multiple rows, and each row is arranged in a line, and the stacked piezoelectric modules 30 are arranged in each of the blind holes 202 .
  • the downward moving side can simultaneously press all the stacked piezoelectric modules 30 .
  • the number of the cantilever beam piezoelectric modules 20 and the stacked piezoelectric modules 30 in this embodiment can be set according to the size of the entire device. When the size of the entire device is large, more can be set The piezoelectric module 300 (including the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30 ).
  • the rotating shaft of the pressing plate 10 is disposed on the left side of the entire pressing plate 10 , and the left side of the pressing plate 10 is shorter and the right side is longer.
  • the right side of the pressing plate 10 bears the load.
  • the pressing plate 10 can obtain a large torque, so that the left side of the pressing plate 10 can move upward and squeeze
  • the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 is disposed on the left side of the entire pressing plate 10 , and the left side of the pressing plate 10 is shorter and the right side is longer.
  • the elastic rubber block 200 in this embodiment is provided with a load balancing block 203, and the load balancing block 203 is arranged above the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 to protect the cantilever beam piezoelectric
  • the piezoelectric sheet of the module 20; the elastic rubber block 200 is provided with a deformation limit block 204, and the deformation limit block 204 is arranged at the bottom of the elastic rubber block 200 to limit the pressure plate 10 in the vertical direction. deformation in the direction.
  • the load balancing block 203 in this embodiment can prevent the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 from being broken due to the concentrated load when the vehicle travels to a position above the cantilever piezoelectric module 20 , such as loss of working performance.
  • Setting the deformation limit block 204 can well limit the maximum deformation amount of the pressing plate 10 in the vertical direction, and can prevent the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30 from working under the working conditions such as breakage and loss of working performance. . It can be seen that the load equalization block 203 and the deformation limit block 204 are provided in this embodiment, which is beneficial to ensure the uniform force of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30 and to ensure the micro-deformation of the entire application to the road surface Safety and reliability of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.
  • the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 in this embodiment includes: an elastic member 210 , an upper layer piezoelectric sheet 220 disposed above the elastic member 210 , and an elastic member 210 disposed on the elastic member 210 .
  • a baffle is provided below the lower piezoelectric sheet 230.
  • the elastic member 210 , the upper piezoelectric sheet 220 and the lower piezoelectric sheet 230 are arranged in the rectangular groove 201 of the elastic rubber block 200 , and the baffle is arranged in the elastic piece 210 to the left.
  • the elastic rubber block 200 is arranged in the box body 100 , a chute 101 is provided on the inner wall of the box body 100 . on the inner wall.
  • the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 is arranged in the elastic rubber block 200 , and then the elastic rubber module equipped with the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 is arranged in the lower box 120
  • the baffle plate is matched with the chute 101 on the upper box body 110 (that is, the baffle plate is engaged with the chute 101 ), so as to realize the matching relationship between the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the upper box 110 .
  • a chute 101 is provided on the upper box body 110 to cooperate with the baffle plate, which is convenient for installation.
  • the asphalt layer will squeeze the elastic rubber block 200 under the action of the tire to cause slight deformation, and the elastic rubber block 200 drives the pressure plate 10 Do the fixed axis rotation.
  • the pressing plate 10 presses the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 upward. Due to the positive piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, charges of opposite polarities will be generated on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric sheet, so that the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric sheet will be charged with opposite polarities.
  • the upper layer piezoelectric sheet 220 and the lower layer piezoelectric sheet 230 of the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 in this embodiment are electrically connected in two layers in series, and the polarization directions are opposite, so that the cantilever beam pressure
  • the total output voltage and total output power in the electrical module 20 are twice that of the single-layer piezoelectric sheet.
  • the stacked piezoelectric module 30 includes: an upper cover 310 , a lower cover 320 , a disc spring 330 , a first pulling pin 341 , a second pulling pin 342 , a third Pull pin 343, first snap ring 351, second snap ring 352, third snap ring 353, first circular piezoelectric sheet 361, second circular piezoelectric sheet 362, third circular piezoelectric sheet 363, A support member 371 , a second support member 372 and a third support member 373 .
  • first pull-out pin 341 , the second pull-out pin 342 and the third pull-out pin 343 are all used to fix the corresponding snap ring
  • first snap ring 351 , the second snap ring 352 , and the third snap ring 353 are used to fix the central area of the corresponding circular piezoelectric sheet
  • first support 371, the second support 372 and the third support 373 are used to fix the outer boundary of the corresponding circular piezoelectric .
  • the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361, the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 in this embodiment are arranged at intervals, and the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361
  • a first support member 371 is disposed between the circular piezoelectric sheet 361 and the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 , and between the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363
  • a second support 372 is provided, a third support 373 is provided between the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 and the head of the T-shaped shaft 380 , and the third support 373 is connected to the lower Cover 320 overlaps the edges.
  • the lower part of the first pull-out pin 341 is provided with The first snap ring 351 is provided with the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361 under the first snap ring 351 .
  • the second snap ring 352 is provided below the second pull pin 342
  • the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 is provided below the second snap ring 352
  • the third pull pin 343 is The third snap ring 353 is arranged below, and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 is arranged below the third snap ring 353 .
  • first pull-out pin 341 , the second pull-out pin 342 , and the third pull-out pin 343 are fixed in the T-shaped shaft 380 , the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361 and the second circular
  • the first support member 371 is arranged between the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363, and the second support member 372 is arranged between the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363.
  • a third support member 373 is disposed between the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 and the head of the T-shaped shaft 380, and the third support member overlaps with the edge of the lower cover 320, that is, the third support member
  • the support member 373 is fixed, so that the outer boundaries of the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361 , the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 are fixed.
  • the asphalt layer will squeeze the elastic rubber block 200 under the action of the tire to cause slight deformation, and the elastic rubber block 200 with slight deformation will cause the T-shaped shaft 380 to be subjected to downward pressure. Therefore, the lower bottom surface of the T-shaped shaft 380 is moved downward and the disc spring 330 is compressed.
  • the second snap ring 352 and the third snap ring 353 are pressed downward respectively, while the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361 , the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 361
  • the outer boundary of the piezoelectric sheet 363 is fixed, so when the first snap ring 351 , the second snap ring 352 and the third snap ring 353 press down the first circular piezoelectric
  • the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 is deformed.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361 , the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 generate polarities. In this way, a voltage will be formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361 , the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 .
  • the disc spring 330 has the advantages of large axial load, small axial deformation and good vibration absorption, it can satisfy the requirements of the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361 and the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 are deformed while preventing the first circular piezoelectric sheet 361, the second circular piezoelectric sheet 362 and the third circular piezoelectric sheet 363 from breaking and other phenomena of loss of working performance.
  • the stacked piezoelectric module 30 in this embodiment adopts a cylindrical outer surface design, so that the stacked piezoelectric module 30 is easy to install, and the strength of the circular piezoelectric sheet is stronger than that of the rectangular piezoelectric sheet. The strength of the sheet is great.
  • the head of the T-shaped shaft 380 in this embodiment is connected to the disc spring 330 .
  • the stacked piezoelectric module 30 in this embodiment further includes: connected to the lower cover 320, and used for connecting the T-shaped shaft 380, a pull-out pin, a snap ring, a circular piezoelectric sheet, and a support member
  • the upper cover 310 covered by both, the upper cover 310 and the lower cover 320 are fastened and connected by bolts; the upper cover 310 is provided with a blind hole 202, the blind hole 202 and the T-shaped shaft 380
  • the end shaft holes are matched to facilitate the transmission of force, that is, when the vehicle drives over the road surface where the stacked piezoelectric modules 30 are embedded, the asphalt layer will squeeze the elastic rubber block 200 under the action of the tire to cause slight deformation, and the elastic rubber with slight deformation occurs.
  • the block 200 transmits a downward load to the T-shaped shaft 380 through the blind hole 202 , so that the T-shaped shaft 380 moves downward and the disc spring 330 is compressed.
  • the first support member 371 and the second support member 372 are both arranged in an annular shape, and the third support member 373 is arranged in a concave shape.
  • the third support member 373 is disposed at the bottom and overlaps with the edge of the lower cover 320.
  • the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy harvesting device applied to the road surface in this embodiment further includes a rigid plastic plate 40 , as shown in FIG. 7 , the rigid plastic plate 40 is arranged below the elastic rubber block 200 , It is used for hole-shaft fit with the outer surface of the stacked piezoelectric module 30 , thereby reducing the overall weight of the lower case 120 .
  • the upper cover 310 and the lower cover 320 of the stacked piezoelectric module 30 in this embodiment are fixed by bolts. When the stacked piezoelectric module 30 is installed, the The upper surface of the bolt of the upper cover 310 is flush with the upper surface of the hard plastic plate 40 .
  • the upper box body 110 and the rigid plastic plate 40 are provided with wiring grooves 50
  • the lower box body 120 is provided with wire lead-out holes 501
  • the wire lead-out holes 501 are used to connect the cantilever beam to piezoelectric
  • the wires of the module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30 are drawn out from the wiring groove 50 .
  • the left side of the lower box body 120 is provided with a wiring slot 50
  • the upper surface of the rigid plastic plate 40 is provided with a wiring slot 50
  • the rear side of the lower box body 120 is provided with a through hole for drawing out wires.
  • both the upper case body 110 and the lower case body 120 are provided with sealing grooves 502 , and the sealing grooves 502 are used for waterproofing.
  • the piezoelectric materials used in the cantilever beam piezoelectric module 20 and the stacked piezoelectric module 30 in this embodiment are polymer piezoelectric composite materials, which both have the properties of PZT piezoelectric ceramic materials.
  • the advantages of strong piezoelectric performance and high dielectric constant also take into account the high strength and flexibility of PVDF organic polymer materials, so it has good piezoelectric voltage constant and high thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient, which is very suitable for pavement. Energy harvesting in the environment.
  • the upper case 110, the lower case 120, the upper cover 310, and the lower cover 320 are all rigid materials that can be slightly deformed and recovered;
  • the elastic rubber block 200 is elastic rubber;
  • the pressing plate 10, the deformation limiting block 204, the T-shaped shaft 380 of the stacked piezoelectric module 30, the first pulling pin 341, the second pulling pin 342, the third Pull pin 343 , the first snap ring 351 , the second snap ring 352 , the third snap ring 353 , the first support 371 , the second support 372 and the third support 373) are all rigid metal materials, and the rigid plastic plate 40 is made of plastic.
  • micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collecting device applied to the road surface in this embodiment is used to supply power to the wireless sensing device on the road surface, and the collected alternating current needs to pass through the pressure in the wiring groove 50.
  • Electric energy harvesting circuit for conversion and processing Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11 , Piezo in FIG.
  • D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 are diode devices
  • Z1 is a Zener diode device
  • C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 are ordinary capacitor devices
  • C r is a supercapacitor energy storage device
  • R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are resistance devices
  • R L is an external load
  • T1, T2, T3 is a triode device
  • L1 is an inductive device.
  • the piezoelectric energy collection circuit in this embodiment includes a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit, a voltage regulator circuit and a synchronous switch circuit.
  • the main purpose of piezoelectric energy harvesting system is to provide sufficient and stable power supply for wireless sensor devices, and the energy harvesting efficiency is high.
  • the rectifier circuit in this embodiment combines the use of a rectifier bridge and a resistance-capacitance absorption circuit, which can effectively suppress the instantaneous oscillation of the overvoltage, so that the waveform of the overvoltage is slowed down, the steepness and amplitude are reduced, and the The damping effect of the upper resistor makes the high frequency oscillation attenuate rapidly.
  • the filter circuit in this embodiment is an LC filter circuit, which combines the advantages of small ripple of the capacitor filter circuit and strong load capacity of the inductance filter circuit. The filter circuit in this embodiment can greatly reduce the AC ripple component, so that the rectified voltage waveform becomes smoother.
  • the current output capability of the circuit is extremely poor, so a voltage follower composed of a current limiting resistor R5 and a triode T1 is added to the zener circuit, that is, this embodiment.
  • the voltage-stabilizing circuit in the device is a voltage follower composed of a current-limiting resistor and a triode, which can improve the output capability of current and power.
  • the synchronous switch circuit solves the problem that an external power supply must be connected to control the circuit switch in the traditional switch circuit and the problem that the switching frequency of the traditional switch circuit cannot be kept consistent with the external vibration at any time, thereby improving the energy harvesting circuit. collection efficiency.
  • two transistors T2 and T3 are used as the voltage comparator and the synchronous switch circuit of the voltage trigger switch, which can automatically detect the output voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvesting device, and then automatically control the closing of the switch, and
  • the synchronous switch is turned on only when the voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvesting device reaches a certain large amplitude, and the load RL can only pass the current, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the load RL .
  • the triode T2 or T3 of the synchronous switch circuit is in the off state, the synchronous switch is in the off state, and the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit continues to supply power to the external load RL by discharging the energy storage capacitor Cr.
  • the present invention also provides an energy collection method for a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collection device applied to a road surface.
  • the method is applied to the above piezoelectric energy collection device, as shown in FIG. 12 , and the method includes:
  • Step S100 when the vehicle passes through the road surface provided with the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collection device applied to the road surface, the elastic rubber block in the micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collection device applied to the road surface is slightly deformed by pressure, so that the elastic rubber blocks arranged on the road surface are slightly deformed.
  • the pressing plate in the elastic rubber block rotates around the rotating shaft;
  • Step S200 when the pressing plate rotates around the rotating shaft, one end of the pressing plate close to the piezoelectric module of the cantilever beam moves upward, and squeezes the piezoelectric module of the cantilever beam to generate a voltage;
  • Step S300 when the pressure plate rotates around the rotating shaft, the end of the pressure plate away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module moves downward, and squeezes the stacked piezoelectric modules to generate a voltage;
  • Step S400 rectify, filter, and stabilize the alternating current generated by the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric into a stable direct current, which is controlled by a synchronous switch, and supplies power to the wireless sensing device applied on the road.
  • the present invention discloses a micro-deformation piezoelectric energy collection device and a collection method applied to a road surface.
  • the device includes a box body, an elastic rubber block arranged in the box body, and an elastic rubber block arranged in the elastic rubber block.
  • the piezoelectric module; the piezoelectric module includes a pressure plate, a cantilever beam piezoelectric module and a stacked piezoelectric module.
  • the pressing plate is arranged in the elastic rubber block, and a rotating shaft is arranged on the pressing plate. When the pressing plate rotates around the rotating shaft, the end of the pressing plate close to the piezoelectric module of the cantilever beam faces the cantilever.
  • the beam piezoelectric module is pressed to generate a voltage; an end of the pressing plate away from the cantilever beam piezoelectric module is pressed against the stacked piezoelectric module to generate a voltage.
  • voltage can be generated by simultaneously squeezing the cantilever beam piezoelectric module and the stacked piezoelectric module, which can more effectively convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the generated electrical energy can be collected from intelligent traffic information after being processed by the energy collection circuit
  • the wireless sensor devices in the system are powered, and the energy harvesting efficiency is higher.
  • the stacked piezoelectric module in the present invention combines the use of a disc spring, because the disc spring has the advantages of small axial deformation and good vibration absorption, so that the stacked piezoelectric module can withstand the large load of the vehicle;
  • the invention combines the use of elastic rubber blocks, deformation limiting blocks and load balancing blocks, so that the whole device can ensure the comfort and safety of vehicle driving, as well as the service life and working strength of the road through micro-deformation.

Abstract

一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置及收集方法，装置包括箱体（100）、设置在箱体（100）内的弹性橡胶块（200）、设置在弹性橡胶块（200）内的压电模块（300）；压电模块（300）包括压板（10）、悬臂梁压电模块（20）以及堆叠压电模块（30）。压板（10）设置在弹性橡胶块（200）内，压板（10）上设置有一转轴，当压板（10）绕着转轴转动时，压板（10）上靠近悬臂梁压电模块（20）的一端对悬臂梁压电模块（20）挤压，以产生电压；压板（10）上远离悬臂梁压电模块（20）的一端对堆叠压电模块（30）挤压，以产生电压。通过压板（10）同时对悬臂梁压电模块（20）以及堆叠压电模块（30）的挤压来产生电压，能够更为有效地将机械能转化为电能，产生的电能经过能量收集电路处理后可向智能交通信息采集系统中的无线传感设备供电，且能量收集效率更高。

Description

一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置及收集方法 技术领域
本发明涉及能量回收利用技术领域，尤其涉及一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置及收集方法。
背景技术
道路作为最主要的交通设施，对促进经济发展和为人们生产生活提供便利起到了重要作用。道路中每天承载着不计其数的车辆、行人的直接作用，这些作用的机械能通常体现在路面的振动、变形、磨损、开裂等病害，并最终以热能的形式耗散在环境中。此时，若能够利用压电材料的压电效应将机械能转换为电能，收集这些废弃的能量并将之用于给交通传感器感知节点供电，即形成一种自供电压电型交通传感器系统，这种系统就体现出了极大的优越性。
目前，比较成熟的压电能量收集装置的结构主要有钹式结构和悬臂梁式结构。由于需要保证车辆行驶的舒适型、安全性以及保证道路的使用寿命、工作强度，路用压电能量收集装置需要满足承受载荷大和形变量小的特点，这两种结构直接应用于路面中的能量收集效果并不好。
因此，现有技术还有待改进和提高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置及收集方法，旨在通过微变形来保证车辆行驶的舒适型、安全性以及来保证道路的使用寿命、工作强度；并且通过悬臂梁压电模块以及堆叠压电模块的有机结合以及同步开关电路的应用来提高路用压电能量收集装置的能量收集效率。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，其中，所述装置包括箱体、设置在所述箱体内的弹性橡胶块、设置在所述弹性橡胶块内的压电模块；所述压电模块包括：
压板，所述压板设置在所述弹性橡胶块内，所述压板上设置有一转轴，当所述弹性橡胶块受到压力时，所述压板绕着所述转轴转动；
悬臂梁压电模块，所述悬臂梁压电模块设置在所述转轴的左侧，且位于所述压板的斜上方；当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上靠近所述悬臂梁压电模块的一端向上运动，且对所述悬臂梁压电模块挤压，以产生电压；
堆叠压电模块，所述堆叠压电模块设置在所述压板的下方，当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上远离所述悬臂梁压电模块的一端向下运动，并对所述堆叠压电模块挤压，以产生电压；
所述堆叠压电模块与所述悬臂梁压电模块电连接。
在一种实现方式中，所述箱体包括上箱体与下箱体，所述的上箱体与下箱体设置有密封槽，所述弹性橡胶块内设置有多个矩形槽以及多个盲孔，所述矩形槽位于所述弹性橡胶块的左侧，所述盲孔位于所述弹性橡胶块的底部；所述矩形槽用于安装所述悬臂梁压电模块，所述盲孔用于安装所述堆叠压电模块。
在一种实现方式中，所述悬臂梁压电模块包括：弹性件、设置在所述弹性件上方的上层压电片以及设置在所述弹性件下方的下层压电片，所述弹性件的左侧设置有挡板，所述挡板与所述上箱体上的滑槽配合；
所述上层压电片与所述下层压电片采用双层串联的电连接，且极化方向相反。
在一种实现方式中，所述弹性橡胶块内设置有载荷均衡块，所述载荷均衡块设置在所述悬臂梁压电模块的上方，用于均衡在载荷作用点位于所述悬臂梁压电模块上方时候的集中载荷，保护所述悬臂梁压电模块的压电片；
所述弹性橡胶块内设置有形变限位块，所述形变限位块设置在所述弹性橡胶块的底部，设置在所述压板的下侧，用于限制所述压板在竖直方向上的最大形变，保护所述悬臂梁压电模块的压电片。
在一种实现方式中，所述堆叠压电模块包括：下盖；设置在所述下盖内的碟簧；设置在所述碟簧上的T型轴杆；依次设置在所述T型轴杆上的第一拔销、第一卡环以及第一圆形压电片、第二拔销、第二卡环以及第二圆形压电片、第三拔销、第三卡环以及第三圆形压电片；
所述第一圆形压电片与所述第二圆形压电片之间设置有第一支撑件，所述第二圆形压电片与所述第三圆形压电片之间设置有第二支撑件，所述第三圆形压电片与所述T型轴杆的头部之间设置有第三支撑件，所述第三支撑件与所述下盖边缘搭接；
当所述压板上远离所述悬臂梁压电模块的一端向下运动，并对所述堆叠压电模块挤压时，所述T型轴杆向下运动并压缩所述碟簧，并带动第一卡环、第二卡环以及第三卡环分别向下挤压所述第一圆形压电片、所述第二圆形压电片以及所述第三圆形压电片的中心区域，从而使得第一圆形压电片、第二圆形压电片、第三圆形压电片变形。
在一种实现方式中，所述T型轴杆的头部与所述碟簧连接。
在一种实现方式中，所述堆叠压电模块还包括：与所述下盖连接，并用于将所述T型轴杆、第一拔销、第一卡环以及第一圆形压电片、第二拔销、第二卡环以及第二圆形压电片、第三拔销、第三卡环、第三圆形压电片、第一支撑件、第二支撑件以及第三支撑件均罩住的上盖，所述上盖与所述下盖通过螺栓紧固连接；所述上盖上设置有盲孔，所述盲孔与所述T型轴杆的端部进行轴孔配合，便于上盖传递载荷到所述T型轴杆；所述上盖的厚度比下盖厚度小，便于所述下盖的顶面与所述第三卡环的底面形成接触，从而使得所述下盖支撑住所述第三卡环。
在一种实现方式中，所述第一支撑件与所述第二支撑件均设置为圆环形，所述第三支撑件设置为内凹形，内凹形的第三支撑件是为了限制所述T型轴杆的最大位移从而避免所述碟簧被过度压缩而失效无法恢复。
在一种实现方式中，所述装置还包括硬质塑料板，所述硬质塑料板设置在所述弹性橡胶块的下方，用于与所述堆叠压电模块的外表面进行孔轴配合，从而减轻所述下箱体的整体重量。
所述堆叠压电模块的所述上盖螺栓的上表面与所述硬质塑料板的上表面齐平。
在一种实现方式中，所述下箱体以及硬质塑料板上均设置有布线槽，所述布线槽用于将所述悬臂梁压电模块与所述堆叠压电模块的电线从所述箱体中的电线引出孔引出，以使得所述悬臂梁压电模块与所述堆叠压电模块与预设在地面中的无线传感设备连接，实现供电功能。
在一种实现方式中，所述布线槽中的电线与压电能量收集电路连接，所述压电能量收集电路包括整流电路、滤波电路、稳压电路和同步开关电路，其中，
所述整流电路包括整流桥以及阻容吸收电路；所述滤波电路为LC滤波电路；所述稳压电路包括由限流电阻和三极管组成的电压跟随器；所述同步开关电路为分别使用了两个三极管作为电压比较器和电压触发开关的同步开关电路。
本发明还提供一种基于上述方案中任一项所述的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的能量收集方法，其中，所述方法包括：
当车辆经过设置有所述应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的路面时，所述应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中的弹性橡胶块受到压力发生微变形，使得设置在所述弹性橡胶块中的压板绕着转轴转动；
当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上靠近悬臂梁压电模块的一端向上运动，且对所述悬臂梁压电模块挤压，以产生电压；
当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上远离悬臂梁压电模块的一端向下运动，并对堆叠压电模块挤压，以产生电压；
将所述悬臂梁压电模块以及所述堆叠压电模块产生的交流电进行整流、滤波、稳压处理成稳定的直流电，经同步开关控制，并向智能交通信息采集系统的无线传感设备供电。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明提供了一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，可见，本发明中可通过同时对悬臂梁压电模块以及堆叠压电模块的挤压来产生电压，能够更为有效地将机械能转化为电能，产生的电能经过能量收集电路处理后可向智能交通信息采集系统中无线传感设备供电，且由于悬臂梁压电模块以及堆叠压电模块的有机结合使得其能量收集效率更高。此外，本发明中的堆叠压电模块结合了碟簧的使用， 由于碟簧具有轴向形变量小和良好的吸振性的优势，使得堆叠压电模块能承受住车辆的大载荷；另外结合了弹性橡胶块、形变限位块以及载荷均衡块的使用，使得整个装置能通过微变形来保证车辆行驶的舒适型、安全性以及保证道路的使用寿命、工作强度。同时，本发明中的能量收集电路分别使用了两个三极管作为电压比较器和电压触发开关的同步开关电路，可以自动对压电发电装置输出电压进行检测，然后对开关的闭合进行自动控制，可以使得路用传感器件在电压达到一定大的幅值时候才会有电流通过，这样保证了路用传感器件工作的稳定性和可靠性，当同步开关电路的三极管T2或T3处于截止状态时同步开关即处于断开状态，压电能量收集电路由储能电容Cr放电继续对外界负载R L进行续供电。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的爆炸图。
图2为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的剖视图。
图3为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中上箱体的结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中下箱体的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中的弹性橡胶块的结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中悬臂梁压电模块的爆炸图。
图7为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中硬质塑料板的结构示意图。
图8为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的具体应用场景示意图。
图9为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中堆叠压电模块的爆炸图。
图10为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中的堆叠式压电模块的正视剖视图。
图11为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置连接的压电能量收集电路的电路原理图。
图12为本发明实施例提供的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集方法的具体实施方式的流程图。
附图标号说明：
箱体 100 T型轴杆 380
弹性橡胶块 200 碟簧 330
压电模块 300 第一拔销 341
压板 10 第二拔销 342
悬臂梁压电模块 20 第三拔销 343
堆叠压电模块 30 第一卡环 351
上箱体 110 第二卡环 352
下箱体 120 第三卡环 353
矩形槽 201 第一圆形压电片 361
盲孔 202 第二圆形压电片 362
载荷均衡块 203 第三圆形压电片 363
形变限位块 204 第一支撑件 371
弹性件 210 第二支撑件 372
上层压电片 220 第三支撑件 373
下层压电片 230 硬质塑料板 40
滑槽 101 布线槽 50
上盖 310 电线引出孔 501
下盖 320 密封槽 502
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
道路作为最主要的交通设施，对促进经济发展和为人们生产生活提供便利起到了重要作用。根据研究表明：2019年末全国公路总里程501.25万公里，公路密度52.21公里/百平方公里。2019年末全国四级及以上等级公路里程469.87万公里，高速公路车道里程66.94万公里。2019年9月每辆货车每日平均行驶190公里，运输货物12.0吨，每吨货物运输距离平均为177公里。可见，路面中蕴含的可回收利用的能量是非常庞大的。
路面应用的无线传感器的分布节点数量庞大，并且通常分布于面积很大的地理区域之中。这使得传统的有线供电方式在路面应用场合中无法满足智能交通信息采集系统中的无线传感器的供电需求。随着低功耗嵌入式技术、无线通信技术和微机电系统和新型传感技术的飞速发展，智能道路应用的传感器正逐渐向微型化、无线网络化和智能化发展，这也给基于压电材料的路面能量收集技术的应用提供了良好的基础。
而道路中每天承载着不计其数的车辆、行人的直接作用，这些作用的机械能通常体现在路面的振动、变形、磨损、开裂等病害，并最终以热能的形式耗散在环境中。此时，如果能够利用压电材料的压电效应将机械能转换为电能，收集这些废弃的能量并将之用于给交通传感器感知节点供电，形成一种自供电压电型交通传感器系统，这种系统就体现出了极大的优越性。
目前，比较成熟的压电能量收集装置的结构主要有钹式结构和悬臂梁式结构。由于需要保证车辆行驶的舒适型、安全性以及保证道路的使用寿命、工作强度，路用压电能量收集装置需要满足承受载荷大和形变量小的特点，这两种结构直接应用于路面中的能量收集效果并不好。为此，本实施例提供一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置， 具体地，如图1和图2中所示，本实施例的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置包括有箱体100、设置在所述箱体100内的弹性橡胶块200、设置在所述弹性橡胶块200内的压电模块300。所述压电模块300包括：压板10、悬臂梁压电模块20以及堆叠式压电模块30。在本实施例中，所述压板10设置在所述弹性橡胶块200内，所述压板10上设置有一转轴。由于本实施例中的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置是设置在路面中，具体如图8所示，当车辆行驶经过埋设有该应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的路面的时候，轮胎作用下沥青面层会挤压所述弹性橡胶块200，即所述弹性橡胶块200受到压力，使得所述弹性橡胶块发生微小形变。此时，所述压板10就会绕着所述转轴转动。而本实施例将所述悬臂梁压电模块20设置在所述转轴的左侧，且位于所述压板10的斜上方；因此当所述压板10绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板10上靠近所述悬臂梁压电模块20的一端向上运动，且对所述悬臂梁压电模块20挤压，通过对所述悬臂梁式压电模快的挤压来产生电压。同时，本实施例将所述堆叠压电模块30设置在所述压板10的下方，当所述压板10绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板10上远离所述悬臂梁压电模块20的一端向下运动，并对所述堆叠压电模块30挤压，通过对所述堆叠压电模块30的挤压来产生电压。可见，本发明中可通过同时对所述悬臂梁压电模块20以及所述堆叠压电模块30的挤压来产生电压，能够更为有效地将机械能转化为电能，产生的电能可向智能交通信息采集系统中无线传感器供电。
具体地，本实施例中的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中的箱体100是包括上箱体110与下箱体120的，具体如图3和图4中所示，并且所述上箱体110与所述下箱体120采用可拆卸式的连接结构装配在一起，比如采用螺栓连接结构将所述上箱体110与所述下箱体120装配固定。在一种实现方式中，如图5所示，本实施例中所述弹性橡胶块200内设置有多个矩形槽201以及多个盲孔202，所述矩形槽201位于所述弹性橡胶块200的左侧，所述盲孔202位于所述弹性橡胶块200的底部；所述矩形槽201用于安装所述悬臂梁压电模块20，所述盲孔202用于安装所述堆叠压电模块30。具体设置时，本实施例中的矩形槽201设置在所述弹性橡胶块200的左侧，由于所述压板10在转动时可同时对所述悬臂梁式压电模块20以及所述堆叠压电模块30进行挤压，因此 所述压板10设置在所述悬臂梁压电模块20右侧且偏向下方的位置处，所述盲孔202就设置在所述弹性橡胶块200的底部，这样当所述压板10转动时，一边向上运动，一边向下运动，向上运动的一边就会通过挤压所述弹性橡胶块200来对所述悬臂梁压电模块20进行挤压，向下运动的一边就会通过挤压所述弹性橡胶块200来对所述堆叠压电模块30进行挤压。
在一种实现方式中，本实施例中的矩形槽201设置有多个，且一字排开，每一个矩形槽201中设置有所述悬臂梁压电模块20，当所述压板10转动时，向上运动的一边可同时对所有的悬臂梁压电模块20进行挤压。同样地，本实施例中的所述盲孔202也可设置有多列，且每列呈一字排开，每一个所述盲孔202中均设置有所述堆叠压电模块30，当所述压板10转动时，向下运动的一边可同时对所有的对堆叠压电模块30进行挤压。本实施例中的所述悬臂梁压电模块20以及所述堆叠压电模块30的设置个数可依据所述整个装置的在尺寸进行设置，当整个装置的尺寸较大时，可设置比较多的压电模块300(包括悬臂梁压电模块20以及堆叠压电模块30)。
在一种实现方式中，本实施例中压板10的转轴设置在偏向整个压板10的左侧，压板10的左侧更短，右侧更长。如图8所示，当车辆从右侧驶入时，所述压板10的右侧承受载荷，此时所述压板10可获得较大的力矩，从而实现压板10左侧可向上运动，挤压所述悬臂梁压电模块20。除此之外，本实施例中的所述弹性橡胶块200内设置有载荷均衡块203，所述载荷均衡块203设置在所述悬臂梁压电模块20的上方，保护所述悬臂梁压电模块20的压电片；所述弹性橡胶块200内设置有形变限位块204，所述形变限位块204设置在所述弹性橡胶块200的底部，用于限制所述压板10在竖直方向上的形变。本实施例中的载荷均衡块203可避免车辆行驶到悬臂梁压电模块20上方位置时候，由于受到集中载荷的作用使得悬臂梁压电模块20发生断裂等丧失工作性能的不足。设置形变限位块204能很好的限制所述压板10竖直方向上的最大形变量，能避免悬臂梁压电模块20以及堆叠压电模块30工作于发生断裂等丧失工作性能的工况下。可见，本实施例中设置所述载荷均衡块203以及形变限位块204，有利于保证所述悬臂梁压电模块 20以及堆叠压电模块30的受力均匀和保证整个应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的安全可靠性。
进一步地，如图6所示，本实施例中的所述悬臂梁压电模块20包括：弹性件210、设置在所述弹性件210上方的上层压电片220以及设置在所述弹性件210下方的下层压电片230，所述弹性件210的左侧设置有挡板。在具体安装时，将所述弹性件210、所述上层压电片220以及所述下层压电片230设置在所述弹性橡胶块200的矩形槽201内，所述挡板设置在所述弹性件210的左侧。由于所述弹性橡胶块200设置在所述箱体100内，因此在所述箱体100的内壁上设置有滑槽101，具体地，所述滑槽101可设置在所述上箱体110的内壁上。如图8所示，本实施例将所述悬臂梁压电模块20设置在所述弹性橡胶块200内，然后再将装有所述悬臂梁压电模块20的弹性橡胶模块设置在下箱体120内时，最后将上箱体110与下箱体120装配在一起之后，所述挡板就与所述上箱体110上的滑槽101配合(即所述挡板卡合在所述滑槽101内)，从而实现所述悬臂梁压电模块20与所述上箱体110之间的配合关系。本实施例在所述上箱体110上设置滑槽101与所述挡板配合，方便安装。当车辆行驶过埋设有本实施例中的所述应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的路面时候，轮胎作用下沥青层会挤压弹性橡胶块200发生微小形变，弹性橡胶块200带动压板10做定轴转动。所述压板10便向上挤压悬臂梁压电模块20，由于压电材料的正压电效应，压电片上、下表面会产生极性相反的电荷，这样便会在压电片的上、下表面形成电压。此外，本实施例中的所述悬臂梁压电模块20的所述上层压电片220与所述下层压电片230双层串联电连接，且极化方向相反，这样使得所述悬臂梁压电模块20中总的输出电压和总的输出电量为单层压电片的2倍。
如图9和图10中所示，本实施例中，所述堆叠压电模块30包括：上盖310、下盖320、碟簧330、第一拔销341、第二拔销342、第三拔销343、第一卡环351、第二卡环352、第三卡环353、第一圆形压电片361、第二圆形压电片362、第三圆形压电片363、第一支撑件371、第二支撑件372以及第三支撑件373。具体地，所述第一拔销341、第二拔销342、第三拔销343均是用于固定对应的卡环，所述第一卡环351、第二卡环352、第三卡环353均是用于固定对应的圆形压电片的中心区域，所述第一支撑件371、第二 支撑件372以及第三支撑件373均是用于固定对应的圆形压电的外边界。具体安装时，本实施例中的所述第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362以及所述第三圆形压电片363呈间隔设置，并且所述第一圆形压电片361与所述第二圆形压电片362之间设置有第一支撑件371，所述第二圆形压电片362与所述第三圆形压电片363之间设置有第二支撑件372，所述第三圆形压电片363与所述T型轴杆380的头部之间设置有第三支撑件373，所述第三支撑件373与所述下盖320边缘搭接。由于所述第一拔销341、所述第二拔销342、所述第三拔销343插接在T型轴杆380上设置的通孔内，所述第一拔销341的下方设置所述第一卡环351，所述第一卡环351的下方设置所述第一圆形压电片361。同样地，所述第二拔销342的下方设置所述第二卡环352，所述第二卡环352的下方设置所述第二圆形压电片362，所述第三拔销343的下方设置所述第三卡环353，所述第三卡环353的下方设置所述第三圆形压电片363。
由于所述第一拔销341、所述第二拔销342、所述第三拔销343是固定于T型轴杆380中且所述第一圆形压电片361与所述第二圆形压电片362之间设置有所述第一支撑件371，所述第二圆形压电片362与所述第三圆形压电片363之间设置有第二支撑件372，所述第三圆形压电片363与所述T型轴杆380的头部之间设置有第三支撑件373，所述第三支撑件与所述下盖320边缘搭接，即所述第三支撑件373是固定，使得所述第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362以及所述第三圆形压电片363外边界便会被固定不动。
当车辆行驶过埋设有该堆叠压电模块30的路面时候，轮胎作用下沥青层会挤压弹性橡胶块200发生微小形变，发生微小形变的弹性橡胶块200会使得T型轴杆380受到向下的载荷，从而使得T型轴杆380的下底面向下运动并使得碟簧330发生压缩。当T型轴杆380向下运动时候，由于所述第一拔销341、所述第二拔销342、所述第三拔销343是固定于T型轴杆380中的，所述第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362以及所述第三圆形压电片363的中心区域便会依次被被T型轴杆380上的所述第一卡环351、所述第二卡环352以及所述第三卡环353分别向下挤压，而所述第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362以及所述第三圆形压电片363外边界是被固定的，因此 当所述第一卡环351、所述第二卡环352以及所述第三卡环353分别向下挤压所述第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362以及所述第三圆形压电片363的中心区域时，就会使得第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362、所述第三圆形压电片363发生变形。由于压电材料的正压电效应，所述第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362以及所述第三圆形压电片363的上、下表面会产生极性相反的电荷，这样便会在所述第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362以及所述第三圆形压电片363的上、下表面形成电压。因为所述碟簧330具有的承受轴向载荷大、轴向形变量小和良好的吸振性的优势，能在满足所述第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362以及所述第三圆形压电片363变形的同时避免所述第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362以及所述第三圆形压电片363发生断裂等丧失工作性能的现象。值得说明的是，本实施例中的所述堆叠式压电模块30采用圆柱形外面表面的设计，使得所述堆叠式压电模块30安装容易，并且圆形压电片的强度比矩形压电片的强度大。
此外，为了使得所述T型轴杆380与所述碟簧330更为稳定的接触，本实施例中的所述T型轴杆380的头部与所述碟簧330连接。此外，本实施例中的所述堆叠压电模块30还包括：与所述下盖320连接，并用于将所述T型轴杆380、拔销、卡环、圆形压电片以及支撑件均罩住的上盖310，所述上盖310与所述下盖320通过螺栓紧固连接；所述上盖310上设置有盲孔202，所述盲孔202与所述T型轴杆380的端部轴孔配合，便于传递力，即当车辆行驶过埋设有该堆叠压电模块30的路面时候，轮胎作用下沥青层会挤压弹性橡胶块200发生微小形变，发生微小形变的弹性橡胶块200会通过该盲孔202向所述T型轴杆380传递向下的载荷，从而使得所述T型轴杆380向下运动并使得所述碟簧330发生压缩。值得说明的是，本实施例中的所述第一支撑件371与所述第二支撑件372均设置为圆环形，所述第三支撑件373设置为内凹形。所述第三支撑件373是设置在最下方并与所述下盖320边缘搭接，通过将所述第三支撑件373设置为内凹形，便于限制所述T型轴杆380的最大位移从而避免所述碟簧330被过度压缩而失效无法恢复。
本实施例中的所述应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置还包括硬质塑料板40，如图7所示，所述硬质塑料板40设置在所述弹性橡胶块200的下方，用于与所述堆叠压 电模块30外表面进行孔轴配合，从而减轻所述下箱体120的整体重量。本实施例中的堆叠压电模块30的所述上盖310与所述下盖320是通过螺栓固定的，在设置所述堆叠压电模块30时，将所述堆叠压电模块30的所述上盖310的螺栓的上表面与所述硬质塑料板40的上表面齐平。所述上箱体110以及硬质塑料板40上均设置有布线槽50，并且所述下箱体120上设置有电线引出孔501，所述电线引出孔501用于将所述悬臂梁压电模块20与所述堆叠压电模块30的电线从布线槽50中引出。所述下箱体120的左侧开有布线槽50，所述硬质塑料板40的上表面开有布线槽50，所述下箱体120的后侧开有电线引出的通孔，通过将电线从所述箱体100中引出，以使得所述悬臂梁压电模块20与所述堆叠压电模块30与预设在地面中的传感器连接，从而实现对路面中的无线传感器供电。此外，本实施例中，如图3和图4中所示，所述上箱体110与下箱体120上均设置有密封槽502，所述密封槽502用于防水。
值得说明的是，本实施例中的所述悬臂梁压电模块20以及所述堆叠压电模块30中采用的压电材料(包括所述上层压电片220、所述下层压电片230、所述第一圆形压电片361、所述第二圆形压电片362以及所述第三圆形压电片363)为聚合物压电复合材料，其既拥有PZT压电陶瓷材料的压电性能强、介电常数高的优势，也兼顾了PVDF有机聚合物材料的强度高、柔韧性好的特点，从而具有良好的压电电压常数、高厚度机电耦合系数，非常适合应用于路面环境中的能量收集。所述上箱体110、所述下箱体120、所述上盖310、所述下盖320都是能发生微变形而恢复的刚性材质；弹性橡胶块200为弹性橡胶；所述载荷均衡块203、所述压板10、所述形变限位块204、所述堆叠压电模块30的(所述T型轴杆380、所述第一拔销341、第二拔销342、所述第三拔销343、所述第一卡环351、所述第二卡环352、所述第三卡环353、所述第一支撑件371、所述第二支撑件372以及所述第三支撑件373)都是刚性金属材质，所述硬质塑料板40为塑料材质。进一步地，本实施例中的所述应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置是用于向路面中无线传感设备供电的，其收集到的交流电需要具体通过所述布线槽50中的压电能量收集电路进行转化和处理。具体如图11所示，图11中的Piezo为本实施例中的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，D1、D2、D3、D4、D5为二极管器件，Z1为稳 压二极管器件，C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7为普通电容器件，C r为超级电容储能器件，R1、R2、R3、R4、R5为电阻器件，R L为外界负载，T1、T2、T3为三极管器件，L1为电感器件。
在一种实现方式中，本实施例中的压电能量收集电路包含有整流电路、滤波电路、稳压电路和同步开关电路。压电能量收集系统的主要工作目的是给无线传感设备提供充足稳定的电源、且能量收集效率较高。
具体地，本实施例中的所述整流电路结合了整流桥和阻容吸收电路的运用，可有效抑制过电压的瞬间振荡，使过电压的波形变缓，陡度和幅值降低，再加上电阻的阻尼作用，使高频振荡迅速衰减。由于交流电经过整流后得到的是脉动直流，这样的直流电源由于所含交流纹波很大，不能直接用作路用传感器的电源，所以需要设置滤波电路。较佳地，本实施例中的所述滤波电路为LC滤波电路，这种滤波电路综合了电容滤波电路纹波小和电感滤波电路带负载能力强的优点。本实施例中的滤波电路可以大大降低这种交流纹波成份，让整流后的电压波形变得比较平滑。
进一步地，因稳压二极管的最大击穿电流值所限制，电路的电流输出能力极差，所以在稳压电路中添加了由限流电阻R5和三极管T1组成的电压跟随器，即本实施例中的稳压电路是包括由限流电阻和三极管组成的电压跟随器，可以提升电流和功率的输出能力。在本实施例中，所述同步开关电路解决了传统开关电路中必须外接电源来控制电路开关的问题以及传统开关电路的开断频率并不能随时与外界振动保持一致的问题，提高了能量收集电路的收集效率。具体的，本实施例使用T2和T3这两个三极管作为电压比较器和电压触发开关的同步开关电路，可以自动对压电能量收集装置输出电压进行检测，然后对开关的闭合进行自动控制，并且使得同步开关在压电能量收集装置在电压达到一定大的幅值时候才会导通，负载R L才有电流通过，这样保证了负载R L工作的稳定性和可靠性。当同步开关电路的三极管T2或T3处于截止状态时同步开关即处于断开状态，压电能量收集电路由储能电容Cr放电继续对外界负载R L进行续供电。
进一步地，本发明还提供一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的能量收集方法，所述方法应用于上述压电能量收集装置中，具体如图12所示，所述方法包括：
步骤S100、当车辆经过设置有应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的路面时，所述应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中的弹性橡胶块受到压力发生微变形，使得设置在所述弹性橡胶块中的压板绕着转轴转动；
步骤S200、当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上靠近悬臂梁压电模块的一端向上运动，且对所述悬臂梁压电模块挤压，以产生电压；
步骤S300、当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上远离所述悬臂梁压电模块的一端向下运动，并对堆叠压电模块挤压，以产生电压；
步骤S400、将所述悬臂梁压电模块以及所述堆叠压电产生的交流电进行整流、滤波、稳压处理成稳定的直流电，经同步开关控制，并向路面应用的无线传感设备供电。
本实施例中的所述压电能量收集方法的具体应用描述在上述实施例中已经描述，此处不再累述。
综上，本发明公开了一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置及收集方法，所述装置包括箱体、设置在所述箱体内的弹性橡胶块、设置在所述弹性橡胶块内的压电模块；所述压电模块包括压板、悬臂梁压电模块以及堆叠压电模块。所述压板设置在所述弹性橡胶块内，所述压板上设置有一转轴，当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上靠近所述悬臂梁压电模块的一端对所述悬臂梁压电模块挤压，以产生电压；所述压板上远离所述悬臂梁压电模块的一端挤压所述堆叠压电模块，以产生电压。本发明中可通过同时对悬臂梁压电模块以及堆叠压电模块的挤压来产生电压，能够更为有效地将机械能转化为电能，产生的电能经过能量收集电路处理后可向智能交通信息采集系统中无线传感设备供电，且能量收集效率更高。本发明中的所述堆叠压电模块结合了碟簧的使用，由于碟簧具有轴向形变量小和良好的吸振性的优势，使得所述堆叠压电模块能承受住车辆的大载荷；另外本发明结合了弹性橡胶块、形变限位块以及载荷均衡块的使用，使得整个装置能通过微变形来保证车辆行驶的舒适型、安全性以及保证道路的使用寿命、工作强度。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然 可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括箱体、设置在所述箱体内的弹性橡胶块、设置在所述弹性橡胶块内的压电模块；所述压电模块包括：
    压板，所述压板设置在所述弹性橡胶块内，所述压板上设置有一转轴，当所述弹性橡胶块受到压力时，所述压板绕着所述转轴转动；
    悬臂梁压电模块，所述悬臂梁压电模块设置在所述转轴的左侧，且位于所述压板的斜上方；当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上靠近所述悬臂梁压电模块的一端向上运动，且对所述悬臂梁压电模块挤压，以产生电压；
    堆叠压电模块，所述堆叠压电模块设置在所述压板的下方，当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上远离所述悬臂梁压电模块的一端向下运动，并对所述堆叠压电模块挤压，以产生电压；
    所述堆叠压电模块与所述悬臂梁压电模块电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，其特征在于，所述箱体包括上箱体与下箱体，所述的上箱体与下箱体设置有密封槽，所述弹性橡胶块内设置有多个矩形槽以及多个盲孔，所述矩形槽位于所述弹性橡胶块的左侧，所述盲孔位于所述弹性橡胶块的底部；所述矩形槽用于安装所述悬臂梁压电模块，所述盲孔用于安装所述堆叠压电模块。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，其特征在于，所述悬臂梁压电模块包括：弹性件、设置在所述弹性件上方的上层压电片以及设置在所述弹性件下方的下层压电片，所述弹性件的左侧设置有挡板，所述挡板与所述上箱体上的滑槽配合；
    所述上层压电片与所述下层压电片采用双层串联的电连接，且极化方向相反。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，其特征在于，所述弹性橡胶块内设置有载荷均衡块，所述载荷均衡块设置在所述悬臂梁压电模块的上方；
    所述弹性橡胶块内设置有形变限位块，所述形变限位块设置在所述弹性橡胶块的底部。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，其特征在于，所述堆叠压电模块包括：下盖；设置在所述下盖内的碟簧；设置在所述碟簧上的T型轴杆；依次设置在所述T型轴杆上的第一拔销、第一卡环以及第一圆形压电片、第二拔销、第二卡环以及第二圆形压电片、第三拔销、第三卡环以及第三圆形压电片；
    所述第一圆形压电片与所述第二圆形压电片之间设置有第一支撑件，所述第二圆形压电片与所述第三圆形压电片之间设置有第二支撑件，所述第三圆形压电片与所述T型轴杆的头部之间设置有第三支撑件，所述第三支撑件与所述下盖边缘搭接；
    当所述压板上远离所述悬臂梁压电模块的一端向下运动，并对所述堆叠压电模块挤压时，所述T型轴杆向下运动并压缩所述碟簧，并带动所述第一卡环、第二卡环以及第三卡环分别向下挤压所述第一圆形压电片、所述第二圆形压电片以及所述第三圆形压电片的中心区域，从而使得第一圆形压电片、第二圆形压电片、第三圆形压电片变形。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，其特征在于，所述T型轴杆的头部与所述碟簧连接；所述第一支撑件与所述第二支撑件均设置为圆环形，所述第三支撑件设置为内凹形。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，其特征在于，所述堆叠压电模块还包括：与所述下盖连接，并用于将所述T型轴杆、第一拔销、第一卡环以及第一圆形压电片、第二拔销、第二卡环以及第二圆形压电片、第三拔销、第三卡环、第三圆形压电片、第一支撑件、第二支撑件以及第三支撑件均罩住的上盖，所述上盖与所述下盖通过螺栓紧固连接；所述上盖上设置有盲孔，所述盲孔与所述T型轴杆的端部进行轴孔配合；所述上盖的厚度比下盖厚度小。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括硬质塑料板，所述硬质塑料板设置在所述弹性橡胶块的下方，用于与所述堆叠压电模块的外表面进行孔轴配合；所述堆叠压电模块的上盖螺栓的上表面与所述硬质塑料板的上表面齐平；
    所述下箱体以及所述硬质塑料板上设置有布线槽，所述布线槽用于将所述悬臂梁压电模块与所述堆叠压电模块的电线从所述下箱体中的电线引出孔引出，以使得所述悬臂梁压电模块与所述堆叠压电模块与预设在地面中的无线传感设备连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置，其特征在于，所述布线槽中的电线与压电能量收集电路连接，所述压电能量收集电路包括整流电路、滤波电路、稳压电路和同步开关电路，其中，
    所述整流电路包括整流桥以及阻容吸收电路；所述滤波电路为LC滤波电路；所述稳压电路包括由限流电阻和三极管组成的电压跟随器；所述同步开关电路为分别使用了两个三极管作为电压比较器和电压触发开关的同步开关电路。
  10. 一种基于上述权利要求1-9任一项所述的应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的能量收集方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    当车辆经过设置有所述应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置的路面时，所述应用于路面的微变形压电能量收集装置中的弹性橡胶块受到压力发生微变形，使得设置在所述弹性橡胶块中的压板绕着转轴转动；
    当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上靠近悬臂梁压电模块的一端向上运动，且对所述悬臂梁压电模块挤压，以产生电压；
    当所述压板绕着所述转轴转动时，所述压板上远离所述悬臂梁压电模块的一端向下运动，并对堆叠压电模块挤压，以产生电压；
    将所述悬臂梁压电模块以及所述堆叠压电模块产生的交流电进行整流、滤波、稳压处理成稳定的直流电，经同步开关控制，并向智能交通信息采集系统的无线传感设备供电。
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