WO2022043827A1 - Systèmes et procédés de surveillance de condition physique de travailleur - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés de surveillance de condition physique de travailleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022043827A1
WO2022043827A1 PCT/IB2021/057567 IB2021057567W WO2022043827A1 WO 2022043827 A1 WO2022043827 A1 WO 2022043827A1 IB 2021057567 W IB2021057567 W IB 2021057567W WO 2022043827 A1 WO2022043827 A1 WO 2022043827A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ppe
sensor
fitness
user
test
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2021/057567
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Henning T. Urban
Jason A. Graves
Christopher P. Henderson
Caroline M. Ylitalo
Britton G. Billingsley
Magnus S.K. JOHANSSON
Andrew W. LONG
Michael G. Wurm
Claire R. DONOGHUE
Frank T. HERFORT
Pamela L. Werley
Robert J. QUINTERO
Nichlas L.E. SJÖSELIUS
Jordan J.W. CRAIG
Marie D. MANNER
Darin K. THOMPSON
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Company filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Company
Publication of WO2022043827A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022043827A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/006—Indicators or warning devices, e.g. of low pressure, contamination
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/02—Masks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
    • A61B2503/20—Workers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/082—Evaluation by breath analysis, e.g. determination of the chemical composition of exhaled breath
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1118—Determining activity level
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/165—Evaluating the state of mind, e.g. depression, anxiety
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4845—Toxicology, e.g. by detection of alcohol, drug or toxic products

Definitions

  • PPE personal protective equipment
  • a personal protective equipment (PPE) device includes a fitness sensor configured to, when activated, sense a fitness indication from a worker.
  • the fitness sensor is part of a personal protective equipment device and is positioned in proximity to an exhalation path of a user.
  • the PPE device also includes a communication component configured to receive a request for fitness data for the worker and provide the fitness indication to a source of the request.
  • the PPE device also includes a controller configured to, based on the received request, cause the fitness sensor to sense a parameter of an exhaled breath of the worker.
  • the PPE device also includes a protective component configured to provide a personal protective function for the worker when the PPE device is worn.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an environment in which embodiments of the present invention may be useful.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic of a fitness control system in accordance with embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example PPE device in accordance with embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a PPE environment in which systems and methods described herein may be useful.
  • FIGS. 5A-5F illustrate different examples of PPE in which embodiments herein may be implemented.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a method of conducting a fitness test on accordance with embodiments herein.
  • FIGS. 7-9 illustrate example devices that can be used in the embodiments shown in previous Figures.
  • FIGS 10-16 illustrate example placement and efficacy test results discussed in the Examples.
  • BAC blood alcohol content
  • CO2 chemical or radiation exposure measurements to check for toxin exposure
  • CO2 or other chemical build up oxygen uptake together with eliminated carbon dioxide and minute ventilation to check for the metabolic state
  • cardiorespiratory fitness or physical exertion and breathing sounds, which can indicate respiratory infections.
  • a miniature spectrometer such as an infra-red range mini spectrometer or visible spectrometer, to detect chemicals. These examples are some of which may be applicable to embodiments herein.
  • technology is increasingly advancing in the field of diagnostic sensors. COVID-19, for example, may be diagnosed based on a distinctive cough sound made by the infected.
  • detecting acetone can indicate that a user may be diabetic and in need of treatment
  • detecting ammonia can indicate that a user may have chronic kidney disease and should seek treatment.
  • Portable breathalyzers are known. However, in areas requiring PPE, users already have to put on and take off significant equipment. It is desired to both take additional fitness measurements without adding an additional step to the process of getting a worker ready to work. For similar reasons, it is undesired to require a user to stop performing a task to engage with a fitness sensor. Also, in some environments, such as in ethanol-rich environment, a portable breathalyzer will not provide accurate results. However, a sensor placed inside a respirator, separate from the environment, will provide an accurate reading without requiring a user to stop working, retreat to a separate workspace free from ethanol in the air, remove their helmet / respirator, and access a breathalyzer, before retracing their steps to return to work.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example network environment 2 for a worksite 8A or 8B.
  • the worksite environments 8 A and 8B may have one or more workers 10A-10N, each of which may need to wear personal protective equipment such as glasses, hard hats, fall protection equipment, respirators, hearing protectors, visors, gloves, etc.
  • Workers 10A-10N may have a range of experience with a given worksite, with some knowing and complying with rules concerning personal protective equipment, and others who do not know, are still in training, or actively not complying with personal protective equipment requirements.
  • each of workers 10A-10N may need to operate heavy machinery, engage power tools or come into contact with potentially hazardous materials.
  • a fitness control system 6 which manages requests for worker fitness sent to personal protection equipment (PPE) worn by workers 10A-10N.
  • PPE personal protection equipment
  • Fitness control system 6 may reduce the risk of injury and increase safety within a worksite 2 by ensuring that workers are fit for a given operation.
  • Fitness control system 6 may be able to send fitness checks to PPE 13A-13N during a shift or activate routines of fitness checks that run autonomously and locally on the PPE.
  • the fitness checks may appear to be ‘random’ for workers 10A-10N, e.g. not on a regular frequency or interval during a work shift.
  • System 6 may be connected, through network 4, to one or more devices or displays 16 within an environment, or devices or displays 18, remote from an environment.
  • System 6 may provide alerts to workers 10A-10N when a fitness test is passed or failed, and may also provide commands to associated equipment, access points, or other necessary individuals, such as supervisors or safety officers.
  • System 6 may also be integrated into entry protocols for secured areas within an environment such that workers that do not pass a fitness test are restricted out of a secure area.
  • system 2 represents a computing environment in which a computing device within a plurality of physical environments 8A, 8B (collectively, environments 8) electronically communicates with fitness control system 6 via one or more computer networks 4.
  • Each of physical environments 8 A and 8B represents a physical environment, such as a work environment, in which one or more individuals, such as workers 10, utilize personal protection equipment while engaging in tasks or activities within the respective environment.
  • environment 8A is shown as generally as having workers 10, while environment 8B is shown in expanded form to provide a more detailed example.
  • a plurality of workers 10A-10N may be wearing a variety of different PPE, such as ear muff hearing protectors, in-ear hearing protectors, hard hats, gloves, glasses, goggles, masks, respirators, visors, hairnets, scrubs, or any other suitable personal protective equipment.
  • Systems and methods herein are applicable to any form of PPE that covers a user’s face or otherwise extends into the exhalation pathway of a user.
  • an article of PPE may include one or more of embedded sensors, communication components, monitoring devices and processing electronics.
  • each article of PPE may include one or more output devices for outputting data that is indicative of operation of the PPE and/or generating and outputting communications to the respective worker 10.
  • PPE may include one or more devices to generate audible feedback (e.g., one or more speakers), visual feedback (e.g., one or more displays, light emitting diodes (LEDs) orthe like), ortactile feedback (e.g., adevice that vibrates or provides other haptic feedback).
  • each of environments 8 include computing facilities, such as displays 16, or through associated PPEs, by which workers 10 can communicate with fitness control system 6.
  • environments 8 may be configured with wireless technology, such as 802. 11 wireless networks, 802. 15 ZigBee networks, and the like.
  • environment 8B includes a local network 7 that provides a packet-based transport medium for communicating with fitness control system 6 via network 4.
  • environment 8B includes a plurality of wireless access points 19A, 19B that may be geographically distributed throughout the environment to provide support for wireless communications throughout the work environment.
  • an environment such as environment 8B may also include one or more wireless-enabled beacons, such as beacons 17A-17B, that provide accurate location information within the work environment.
  • beacons 17A-17B may be GPS-enabled such that a controller within the respective beacon may be able to precisely determine the position of the respective beacon.
  • beacons 17A-17B may include a pre-programmed identifier that is associated in fitness control system 6 with a particular location. Based on wireless communications with one or more of beacons 17, or data hub 14 worn by a worker 10 is configured to determine the location of the worker within work environment 8B. In this way, event data reported to fitness control system 6 may be stamped with positional information. This may be helpful in the event a supervisor or safety officer needs to respond to a failed fitness test.
  • an environment such as environment 8B, may also include one or more safety stations 15 distributed throughout the environment.
  • Safety stations 15 may allow one of workers 10 to check out articles of PPE and/or other safety equipment, verify that safety equipment is appropriate for a particular one of environments 8, and/or exchange data.
  • safety stations 15 may transmit alert rules, software updates, or firmware updates to articles of PPE or other equipment.
  • each of environments 8 include computing facilities that provide an operating environment for end-user computing devices 16 for interacting with fitness control system 6 via network 4.
  • each of environments 8 typically includes one or more safety managers or supervisors, represented by users 20 or remote users 24, are responsible for overseeing safety compliance within the environment.
  • each user 20 or 24 interacts with computing devices 16, 18 to access fitness control system 6.
  • the end-user computing devices 16, 18 may be laptops, desktop computers, mobile devices such as tablets or so-called smart cellular phones.
  • Users 20, 24 interact with fitness control system 6 to control and actively manage many aspects of safety equipment utilized by workers 10, such as accessing and viewing test results.
  • users 20, 24 may be healthcare professionals given access to historic data collected by fitness control system 6 to review for diagnostic purposes.
  • Fitness control system 6 may be configured to actively monitor workers 10A-10N and other users 20 within an environment 8. As another example, fitness control system 6 may further trigger an alert if a fitness test is failed, either once or repeatedly by a worker. The alert may be sent to worker 10, either through a communication feature of a PPE, a separate communication device, or through a public address system within the environment. A failed fitness test alert may also be sent to a supervisor or safety officer associated with the environment 8 as well. Noncompliance may also be tracked and stored within a database, as described herein.
  • Techniques and components of this disclosure may improve the safety of workers within an environment by ensuring that workers not fit for a given task are identified and removed from the environment before injuring themselves or others.
  • a “COVID POSITIVE” or “COVID NEGATIVE” result may be provided based on a cough noise recording, but the individual’s body temperature or other information collected may not be immediately visible to a supervisor.
  • a “MEDICAL CHECKUP NEEDED” result may be provided, but not a specific diagnosis of disease.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic of a fitness control system in accordance with embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a worker 150 interacting with a fitness data control unit 130, which communicates a fitness test request 132 to a PPE device 120.
  • PPE device 120 which is illustrated as a hearing protection device with a boom microphone 140 and a sensor 142 in the exhalation path of worker 150.
  • Receiving test request 132 may cause sensor 142 to enter an active state and conduct a fitness test.
  • a BAC sensor may sample the exhalation of worker 150 and conduct a blood alcohol test when in an active state.
  • the results 134 may be provided to fitness data control unit 130.
  • sensor 142 to conserve power, sensor 142 only enters an active state when PPE 120 receives a request to conduct a fitness test. However, in other embodiments, fitness sensor 142 is always drawing at least some power from a power sources of PPE device 120.
  • Fitness test results 134 may be communicated to worker 150, in some embodiments, after a test is conducted, using speakers inside PPE device 120. In other embodiments, worker 150 is only notified if a fitness test has been failed. In other embodiments, worker 150 receives no notification.
  • Fitness data control unit 130 may be a computer system with a user interface accessible by a supervisor or safety officer who can initiate a fitness test command 132 for a single worker 150, or for multiple workers in an environment simultaneously.
  • the safety officer or supervisor may be able to review test results, either seeing numerical sensor readings from sensors 142, or may only see PASS/FAIL indications.
  • fitness data control unit 130 may send a second test request 132 to confirm, prior to taking any action or providing any alert.
  • fitness data control unit 130 is not accessible by a supervisor or safety officer, but is controlled by a processor in the PPE or other wearable device that runs an algorithm to simulate ‘random’ fitness checks throughout a shift for a given worker 150. In such an embodiment, only failed test results are reported to a supervisor, safety officer, or to nearby workers 150 who may be able to help.
  • Fitness database 160 may receive indications of when different workers 150 received test requests 132, the test results 134, and actions, if any, taken in response. Fitness database 160 may maintain test result information for potential diagnostic purposes, in some embodiments. In other embodiments, fitness database 160 only maintains historic testing information, and not numerical results associated with sensor readings by sensor 142.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example PPE device in accordance with embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 3 is an example of a PPE respirator 13A with a computing device 300 that includes an associated computing device, which may provide local processing capabilities for processing sensed data, such as readings from one or more breath sensors 315.
  • a breath sensor 315 may be a CO2 concentration sensor, an O2 concentration sensor, a volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration sensor, a sound recording device, a spectrometer, or another suitable sensor that detects information about the fitness of a worker wearing PPE 300.
  • Computing device 300 may be configured to physically couple to negative pressure re-usable respirator 13A.
  • computing device 300 may be disposed between facepiece 301 of negative pressure re-usable respirator 13A and a face of worker 10A.
  • computing device 300 may be physically coupled to an inner wall of the respirator cavity.
  • Computing device 300 may be integral with negative pressure re-usable respirator 13A or physically separable from negative pressure re-usable respirator 13 A.
  • computing device 300 is physically separate from negative pressure reusable respirator 13A and communicatively coupled to negative pressure re-usable respirator 13A.
  • computing device 300 may be a smartphone carried by worker 10A or a data hub worn by worker 10A.
  • Respirator 13A is illustrated as one example PPE device in which systems and methods described herein may be implemented.
  • Respirator 13A may be a particularly useful embodiment for systems and methods described herein because of the isolation of a user’s exhaled breath from the environment outside the mask. However, other PPE devices may sufficiently capture samples of a user’s breath to accurately conduct measurements using breath sensors 315.
  • Computing device 300 includes one or more processors 302, one or more storage devices 304, one or more communication units 306, one or more sensors 308, one or more output units 318, sensor data 320, models 322, and worker data 324.
  • Processors 302, in one example, are configured to implement functionality and/or process instructions for execution within computing device 300.
  • processors 302 may be capable of processing instructions stored by storage device 304.
  • Processors 302 may include, for example, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate array (FPGAs), or equivalent discrete or integrated logic circuitry.
  • Storage device 304 may include a computer-readable storage medium or computer- readable storage device.
  • storage device 304 may include one or more of a short-term memory or a long-term memory.
  • Storage device 304 may include, for example, random access memories (RAM), dynamic random access memories (DRAM), static random access memories (SRAM), magnetic hard discs, optical discs, flash memories, or forms of electrically programmable memories (EPROM) or electrically erasable and programmable memories (EEPROM).
  • RAM random access memories
  • DRAM dynamic random access memories
  • SRAM static random access memories
  • EPROM electrically programmable memories
  • EEPROM electrically erasable and programmable memories
  • storage device 304 may store an operating system or other application that controls the operation of components of computing device 300.
  • the operating system may facilitate the communication of data from electronic sensors 308 to communication unit 306.
  • storage device 304 is used to store program instructions for execution by processors 302.
  • Storage device 304 may also be configured to store information within computing device 300 during operation
  • Storage device 304 may also store instructions received from a controller concerning when to conduct a fitness check. For example, a PPE device may leave a range of a controller in a network, and instructions to conduct a test at a later point may be saved in a memory of storage device 304.
  • Computing device 300 may use one or more communication units 306 to communicate with external devices via one or more wired or wireless connections.
  • Communication units 306 may include various mixers, filters, amplifiers and other components designed for signal modulation, as well as one or more antennas and/or other components designed for transmitting and receiving data.
  • Communication units 306 may send and receive data to other computing devices using any one or more suitable data communication techniques. Examples of such communication techniques may include TCP/IP, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, 4G, LTE, to name only a few examples.
  • communication units 306 may operate in accordance with the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol.
  • communication units 306 may include a short- range communication unit, such as an RFID reader.
  • computing device 300 includes a plurality of sensors 308 that generate sensor data indicative of operational characteristics of negative pressure re-usable respirator 13 A, contaminant capture devices 23 A, and/or an environment in which negative pressure re-usable respirator 13A is used.
  • Sensors 308 may include a motion sensor 313, an altimeter, an environmental 312 sensor, among other examples.
  • environment sensors may include one or more sensors configured to measure temperature, humidity, particulate content, gas or vapor concentration levels, or any variety of other characteristics of environments in which negative pressure re-usable respirator 13A are used.
  • one or more of sensors 308 may be disposed between facepiece 301 of negative pressure re-usable respirator 13A and a face of worker 10A.
  • one of sensors 308 e.g., an air pressure sensor
  • sensors 308 include one or more air pressure sensors 310 configured to measure air pressure within a cavity formed or defined by a face of worker 10A and negative pressure re-usable respirator 13A.
  • air pressure sensors 310 detect the air pressure of the air located in the sealable space between the face of worker 10A and facepiece 301 as the worker inhales and exhales.
  • sensors 308 include one or more breath sensor(s) 315 positioned to measure chemical properties of a user’s exhalation, including, as listed in FIG. 3, a CO2 concentration sensor, an 02 concentration sensor, a volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration sensor, a sound recording device, a spectrometer, or another suitable sensor that detects information about the fitness of a worker wearing PPE 300.
  • Other sensors may include a breath temperature sensor, humidity under the respirator, which may indicate a sweat level of a user.
  • Sensor(s) 315 may be positioned inside (or outside) the sealable space of a molded body of the facepiece associated with negative pressure re-usable respirator 13A in proximity to inhalation and exhalation valves, and the breath sensor(s) 315 may be configured to sense inhalation and exhalation properties of a user. In this way, the breath sensor(s) 315 is arranged to promote comfort to the user, while still being effective for sensing chemical compositions indicative of a worker’s fitness for an operation.
  • Sensors 315 may include gas sensors, for example electrochemical cells, metal oxide semiconductor based sensors, catalytic sensors, photo-ionization detectors, quartz crystal microbalance, or sensors based on conductive polymers or other conductive materials.
  • Other sensors including thermometers, humidity sensors, or other suitable sensors may be incorporated into a PPE device as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • Other sensors could include biosensors, for example to detect the presence of specific pathogens in exhaled breath.
  • Some suitable biosensors include Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor or Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) sensor.
  • SAW Surface Acoustic Wave
  • SERS Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
  • Sensors 308 may include motion sensors 313 positioned to detect the movement and orientation of the head of worker 10A.
  • the head is a particularly good body location to detect any abnormal deviations from the usual movement patterns of worker 10A that may result from impediment in the movement as a result of injury, inebriation, fatigue, overexertion, or other causes.
  • the motion sensor may also be used to determine the work rate, level of physical exertion, posture or type of activity of worker 10A.
  • Motion sensors 313 may comprise an accelerometer, gyroscope and a magnetometer.
  • Computing device 300 includes one or more output units 318 configured to output data that is indicative of operation of negative pressure re-usable respirator 13 A.
  • output unit 318 outputs data from the one or more sensors 308 of negative pressure re-usable respirator 13 A.
  • output unit 318 may generate one or more messages containing real-time or near real-time data from one or more sensors 308 of negative pressure re-usable respirator 13A for transmission to another device via communication unit 306.
  • output unit 318 are configured to transmit the sensor data in real-time or near-real time to another processing device via communication unit 306.
  • communication unit 306 may not be able to communicate with such devices, e.g., due to an environment in which negative pressure reusable respirator 13A is located and/or network outages.
  • output unit 318 may cache usage data to storage device 304. That is, output unit 318 (or the sensors themselves) may send usage data to storage device 304, e.g., as sensor data 320, which may allow the usage data to be uploaded to another device upon a network connection becoming available.
  • Communications unit 306 is also responsible for receiving a command to conduct a fitness test using fitness command receiver 316.
  • the command may be to conduct a test immediately, or at a later time.
  • a fitness calculator 317 may process the sensor signals to obtain a fitness test result, which can then be communicated by communication unit 306 to a controller, a supervisor or safety officer, nearby workers who may be able to assist, or to the worker themselves.
  • output unit 318 is configured to generate an audible, visual, tactile, or other output.
  • Output unit may be responsible for communicating information both to the worker itself or to nearby individuals of a fitness concern for a worker wearing PPE 13A.
  • computing device 300 includes sensor data 320, models 322, and worker data 324.
  • Sensor data 320 includes data regarding operation of negative pressure re-usable respirator 13 A, physiological conditions of worker 10A, characteristics of environment 8B, or a combination thereof.
  • sensor data 320 may include data from PPE sensors, physiological sensors, breath sensors, motion sensors and/or environmental sensors 312, or infrared sensors 314.
  • Models 322 include historical data (e.g., historical sensor data).
  • Worker data 324 may include worker profiles.
  • Equipment data 326 may also be stored in computing device 300. Models 322 may also be stored in computing device 300.
  • processors 302 applies models 322 to data captured by sensors 308 to detect any anomaly or unsafe condition as to the health and safety of worker 10A based on physiological data and/or other captured data.
  • models 322 may be trained based on historical data (e.g., historical physiological sensor data of a given user). For example, models 322 may be trained on historical breath sensor data associated with worker 10A during normal working conditions, which may establish a baseline for that worker. Feedback from worker 10A indicating worker 10A is having difficulty breathing, or feedback from breath sensors and motion sensors indicating changes or deviations from the established baseline for that worker may indicate problems such as elevated physical exertion or strenuous type of activities and recommend the worker to take time for recovery.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a PPE environment in which systems and methods described herein may be useful.
  • a PPE environment 400 conditions may require each user wear a PPE device 430, such as a hearing protection device with a boom microphone, a breathing device such as a respirator or mask, or another PPE device with a feature that can position a sensor in proximity to the exhalation path of a user.
  • a PPE device 430 such as a hearing protection device with a boom microphone, a breathing device such as a respirator or mask, or another PPE device with a feature that can position a sensor in proximity to the exhalation path of a user.
  • a control unit 410 may be responsible for sending requests for fitness test data and receiving fitness test results. Requests may be sent, and results received, using a communication module 408, which may also communicate with database 440 to store test results.
  • Control unit 410 in some embodiments, is programmed to work autonomously, such that fitness test results are sent at unexpected intervals to PPE devices 430, such that, to a wearer, they appear “random.” Such programming may be accomplished, or initiated, by a user interacting with an input-output component 402. In other embodiments, control unit 410 sends and receives information based at least in part on user instruction, such as provided by a supervisor or safety officer using I/O component 402.
  • Results may be displayed on a display component 404 or via a sound component 406 such as speakers in a headset.
  • Sensor results may be presented through a user of control unit 410, and stored in a database 440, in one or both of two different ways - either as a PASS/FAIL record 446, or as numerical values from sensor(s) 434, illustrated as worker diagnostic data 448. Because of privacy concerns, worker diagnostic data 448 may only be accessible by a health professional.
  • Control unit 410 may have other features 412, for example other functionality to communicate to PPE devices 430 concerning matters other than worker fitness, including environmental information or PPE functionality.
  • Each PPE device 430 may include PPE components 422.
  • a hearing protection device includes hearing protection functionality, speakers and a boom microphone.
  • a respirator as described with respect to FIG. 3, may include respirator functionality.
  • PPE devices 430 also include a power unit 424, which provides power to PPE components 422 as well as for sensor(s) 434 and sensor(s) 438.
  • PPE devices 430 also include a communication module 426, both to communicate with other PPE devices 430, as well as with control unit 410. Communication module 426, for example, may communicate wirelessly over a network, with other PPE devices 430 and / or control unit 410.
  • sensor 434 is not always sensing a signal related to a user’s exhaled breath.
  • breath sensor 434 may only enter an active sensing mode when a sensor trigger 432 causes it to.
  • sensor trigger 432 may cause breath sensor 434 to leave a power-off or low-power mode and enter a sensing mode.
  • PPE devices 430 may include a user detection device 428, which may detect that a PPE device 430 is correctly positioned on a wearer’s body. For example, a hearing protection device must be placed over the ears of a user such that a sufficient seal is present to protect the user’s hearing. Additionally, a respirator must be positioned such that a complete seal is present and potentially harmful chemicals cannot leak through the respirator seal.
  • User detection device 428 may, therefore, include a fit test or other functionality to ensure that a wearer has correctly engaged with PPE device 430.
  • a “fit test” refers to a test to ensure that a PPE device 430 is properly fitted to a user.
  • PPE device 430 may also include other functionality 436.
  • PPE environment 400 may include a database 440.
  • database 440 is illustrated as a physical component within environment 400, it is expressly contemplated that database 440 may be stored remotely and accessible through a cloud computing network.
  • Database 440 is illustrated for the purposes of explaining how data collected from fitness testing may be stored and used.
  • database 440 may store other information 449 that may be useful for other systems within PPE environment 400.
  • PPE control unit 410 may initiate a fitness test based on an indication from interactable device 450 that a user of PPE device 430 is requesting access or initiation.
  • Interactable device 450 may be, for example, a power tool with an actuator 454, a vehicle or heavy machinery with an ignition 456, an access terminal with a receiver that checks a worker’s ID 442 for access information.
  • a fitness test may be conducted before receiver 452, actuator 454, ignition 456 or other functionality 458 proceeds.
  • an interactable device 450 may require that a given worker have approval, for example training to operate heavy machinery or permission to access a restricted area.
  • Database 440 may include a worker access rights list 444 and / or a history of which worker interacted with which interactable device 450. Additionally, interactable device 450 may receive a shut-down command from control unit 410 if a fitness test is later conducted and a wearer of PPE device 430 fails the test.
  • the ability to control an interactable device 450 based on fitness test results may be important for ensuring worker safety. For example, a worker wearing PPE device 430 may not know they have been overexposed to chemicals, such as VOCs, which can cause an impaired state that in which operation of device 450 could present a danger to the worker or others nearby. Therefore, while in some embodiments a fitness test may be conducted to allow initial access to interactable device 450, it may also be conducted, in other embodiments, to continue function of interactable device 450. In some embodiments, frequency of fitness tests may increase when a user is interacting with an interactable device 450.
  • FIGS. 5A-5F illustrate different examples of PPE in which embodiments herein may be implemented.
  • FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate embodiments where a sensor may clip on to an existing PPE device.
  • FIGS. 5D-5F illustrate embodiments where a sensor may clip into, or inside of, a PPE device.
  • sensors may be integrated into PPE devices. Integration may be preferred to retro-fitting to reduce a risk of tampering.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates a half-mask that covers the nose and mouth of the user with straps that extend around a user’s head to hold the mask in place.
  • An exhalation analyzer can be placed as indicated by sensor 510.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates a full-face mask, with an exhalation analyzer placed as indicated by sensor 520.
  • FIG. 5C illustrates a headset with over-ear hearing protection and includes a boom microphone in the exhalation path of a user, where a sensor 530 may be placed.
  • FIG. 5D illustrates a helmet in which a sensor 540 may be placed in the exhalation range of a user.
  • FIG. 5E illustrates a face shield with a sensor 550 placed in an exhalation zone of a wearer. While a full-face shield is illustrated in FIG. 5E, a similar arrangement may be used for a visor.
  • FIG. 5F illustrates a hood with a sensor 560 placed in an exhalation path of a user.
  • the sensors in FIG. 5 can, in some embodiments, communicate collected data to the cloud via wireless network when available.
  • an alcohol, narcotics, VOC, or other sensor may be placed in an exhalation path of a user.
  • Other sensors may also be included to prevent a false alert, including CO2 or O2 sensors.
  • the PPE devices of FIGS. 5A-5F may also include a user detection feature that indicates whether or not the device is worn by a user, such as an accelerometer, temperature or humidity sensor, O2 or CO2 sensor, or a fit detector, or others and any combination thereof. Fitness tests obviously should not be conducted until a user is wearing a PPE device, to conserve battery.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a method of conducting a fitness test in accordance with embodiments herein.
  • Method 600 may illustrate an embodiment of how systems described in FIGS. 1-5 may work. However, method 600 may also be practiced by another suitable system.
  • a request for fitness information is received by a PPE device.
  • the request may be generated by the PPE device itself, as indicated in block 652, or by a controller remote from the PPE device, as indicated in block 654, or by an interactable device, as indicated in block 656.
  • the request may be received because it is detected that PPE device is in place on a user, using a fit detection method, as indicated in block 602 for example, periodically during an operation, as indicated in block 604, at an unscheduled or apparently “random,” as indicated in block 606, or for another reason, as indicated in block 608.
  • a fitness test is conducted.
  • Conducting a fitness test may include activating a sensor 612, either from a powered-off state or from an inactive state .
  • Activating the sensor may include remotely activating, for example by sending an activation command to the PPE device from a remote system (e.g. a supervisor’s device).
  • Activation may also include detecting that a user is wearing the PPE, for example when the PPE device does a fit detection to detect that a device is properly fitted to a user’s head.
  • Activation may also occur based on the detection of a user using sound pressure. For example, VOX systems utilize sound pressure levels of a user’s voice to start communication when the sound pressure exceeds a threshold pressure.
  • a sample is then captured from a motion sensor in the PPE or from a breath sensor in a user’s exhalation pathway or otherwise in an enclosed space where the user’s breath can be sampled, as indicated in block 614.
  • Other suitable mechanisms for capturing a breath sample from a user are also envisioned 616.
  • Conducting a test may include testing for intoxication - either alcohol or narcotics, chemical exposure to VOCs or other toxins, motion measurements indicative of physical exertion or fatigue, metabolic measurements indicative of pulmonary disease, cortisol measurements indicative of stress, pathogen detection indicative of infection, or a sound capture to determine whether a user is ill based on an analysis of cough or breath sounds.
  • a test may be conducted with notice to a user, as indicated in block 622, for example provided after a test is completed, in some embodiments. In other embodiments, no notice of the test is provided to the user, as indicated in block 624. In some embodiments, notice is provided to others 626, such as to a supervisor, safety officer, or nearby workers who may be able to assist a worker in distress.
  • test results are communicated.
  • only a pass / fail indication 632 is provided to a supervisor, safety officer, or otherwise stored in a database, as indicated in block 636.
  • a numerical result 634 is obtained from a sensor, and may be provided to a supervisor, safety officer or otherwise stored in a result database, as indicated in block 636. Results may be communicated, as needed, to other parties 638 or for other storage purposes. For example, numerical results 634 may be useful for diagnostic purposes and provided to a healthcare professional.
  • action is taken based on the fitness test result. For example, if a PPE wearer passes a fitness test, action may be approved 642. If, instead, a PPE wearer fails, then they may be locked out or an interactable device may be shut down, as indicated in block 644. A failed test may also result in an alert broadcast 646, to a safety officer, supervisor or nearby workers who may be able to assist. Other actions 648 may be performed, or not performed. For example, a “random” test resulting in a pass may result in no action taken.
  • FIGS. 7-9 illustrate example devices that can be used in the embodiments shown in previous Figures.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example mobile device that can be used in the embodiments shown in previous Figures.
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified block diagram of one illustrative example of a handheld or mobile computing device that can be used as either a worker’s device or a supervisor / safety officer device, for example, in which the present system (or parts of it) can be deployed.
  • a mobile device can be deployed in the operator compartment of computing device for use in generating, processing, or displaying the data.
  • FIG. 7 provides a general block diagram of the components of a mobile cellular device 716 that can run some components shown and described herein.
  • Mobile cellular device 716 interacts with them or runs some and interacts with some.
  • a communications link 713 is provided that allows the handheld device to communicate with other computing devices and under some embodiments provides a channel for receiving information automatically, such as by scanning. Examples of communications link 713 include allowing communication though one or more communication protocols, such as wireless services used to provide cellular access to a network, as well as protocols that provide local wireless connections to networks.
  • SD Secure Digital
  • Interface 715 and communication links 713 communicate with a processor 717 (which can also embody a processor) along a bus 719 that is also connected to memory 721 and input/output (I/O) components 723, as well as clock 725 and location system 727.
  • processor 717 which can also embody a processor
  • bus 719 that is also connected to memory 721 and input/output (I/O) components 723, as well as clock 725 and location system 727.
  • I/O components 723, in one embodiment, are provided to facilitate input and output operations and the device 716 can include input components such as buttons, touch sensors, optical sensors, microphones, touch screens, proximity sensors, accelerometers, orientation sensors and output components such as a display device, a speaker, and or a printer port.
  • Other I/O components 723 can be used as well.
  • Clock 725 illustratively comprises a real time clock component that outputs a time and date. It can also provide timing functions for processor 717.
  • location system 727 includes a component that outputs a current geographical location of device 716.
  • This can include, for instance, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, a LORAN system, a dead reckoning system, a cellular triangulation system, or other positioning system. It can also include, for example, mapping software or navigation software that generates desired maps, navigation routes and other geographic functions.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • Memory 721 stores operating system 729, network settings 731, applications 733, application configuration settings 735, data store 737, communication drivers 739, and communication configuration settings 741.
  • Memory 721 can include all types of tangible volatile and non-volatile computer-readable memory devices. It can also include computer storage media (described below).
  • Memory 721 stores computer readable instructions that, when executed by processor 717, cause the processor to perform computer-implemented steps or functions according to the instructions. Processor 717 can be activated by other components to facilitate their functionality as well.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the device can also be a smart phone 871.
  • Smart phone 871 has a touch sensitive display 873 that displays icons or tiles or other user input mechanisms 875.
  • Mechanisms 875 can be used by a user to run applications, make calls, perform data transfer operations, etc.
  • smart phone 871 is built on a mobile operating system and offers more advanced computing capability and connectivity than a feature phone. Note that other forms of the devices are possible.
  • FIG. 9 is one example of a computing environment in which elements of systems and methods described herein, or parts of them (for example), can be deployed.
  • an example system for implementing some embodiments includes a general -purpose computing device in the form of a computer 910.
  • Components of computer 910 may include, but are not limited to, a processing unit 920 (which can comprise a processor), a system memory 930, and a system bus 921 that couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit 920.
  • the system bus 921 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. Memory and programs described with respect to systems and methods described herein can be deployed in corresponding portions of FIG. 9.
  • Computer 910 typically includes a variety of computer readable media.
  • Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer 910 and includes both volatile/nonvolatile media and removable/non-removable media.
  • Computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media.
  • Computer storage media is different from, and does not include, a modulated data signal or carrier wave. It includes hardware storage media including both volatile/nonvolatile and removable/non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data.
  • Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by computer 910.
  • Communication media may embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media.
  • modulated data signal means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal.
  • the system memory 930 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 931 and random-access memory (RAM) 932.
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random-access memory
  • BIOS basic input/output system 933
  • RAM 932 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 920.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates operating system 934, application programs 935, other program modules 936, and program data 937.
  • the computer 910 may also include other removable/non-removable and volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a hard disk drive 941 that reads from or writes to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media, nonvolatile magnetic disk 952, an optical disk drive 955, and nonvolatile optical disk 956.
  • the hard disk drive 941 is typically connected to the system bus 921 through a nonremovable memory interface such as interface 940, and optical disk drive 955 are typically connected to the system bus 921 by a removable memory interface, such as interface 950.
  • the functionality described herein can be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components.
  • illustrative types of hardware logic components include Field- programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application-specific Integrated Circuits (e.g., ASICs), Application-specific Standard Products (e.g., ASSPs), System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), etc.
  • hard disk drive 941 is illustrated as storing operating system 944, application programs 945, other program modules 946, and program data 947. Note that these components can either be the same as or different from operating system 934, application programs 935, other program modules 936, and program data 937.
  • a user may enter commands and information into the computer 910 through input devices such as a keyboard 962, a microphone 963, and a pointing device 961, such as a mouse, trackball or touch pad.
  • Other input devices may include a joystick, game pad, satellite receiver, scanner, or the like.
  • These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 920 through a user input interface 960 that is coupled to the system bus but may be connected by other interface and bus structures.
  • a visual display 991 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 921 via an interface, such as a video interface 990.
  • computers may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers 997 and printer 96, which may be connected through an output peripheral interface 995.
  • the computer 910 is operated in a networked environment using logical connections, such as a Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN) to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 980.
  • logical connections such as a Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN)
  • remote computers such as a remote computer 980.
  • the computer 910 When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 910 is connected to the LAN 971 through a network interface or adapter 970. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 910 typically includes a modem 972 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 973, such as the Internet. In a networked environment, program modules may be stored in a remote memory storage device. FIG. 9 illustrates, for example, that remote application programs 985 can reside on remote computer 980.
  • spatially related terms including but not limited to, “proximate,” “distal,” “lower,” “upper,” “beneath,” “below,” “above,” and “on top,” if used herein, are utilized for ease of description to describe spatial relationships of an element(s) to another.
  • Such spatially related terms encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the particular orientations depicted in the figures and described herein. For example, if an object depicted in the figures is turned over or flipped over, portions previously described as below or beneath other elements would then be above or on top of those other elements.
  • an element, component, or layer for example when an element, component, or layer for example is described as forming a “coincident interface” with, or being “on,” “connected to,” “coupled with,” “stacked on” or “in contact with” another element, component, or layer, it can be directly on, directly connected to, directly coupled with, directly stacked on, in direct contact with, or intervening elements, components or layers may be on, connected, coupled or in contact with the particular element, component, or layer, for example.
  • an element, component, or layer for example is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” “directly coupled with,” or “directly in contact with” another element, there are no intervening elements, components or layers for example.
  • the techniques of this disclosure may be implemented in a wide variety of computer devices, such as servers, laptop computers, desktop computers, notebook computers, tablet computers, hand-held computers, smart phones, and the like. Any components, modules or units have been described to emphasize functional aspects and do not necessarily require realization by different hardware units.
  • the techniques described herein may also be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Any features described as modules, units or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. In some cases, various features may be implemented as an integrated circuit device, such as an integrated circuit chip or chipset.
  • modules may be combined into a single module, or even split into further additional modules.
  • the modules described herein are only exemplary and have been described as such for better ease of understanding. If implemented in software, the techniques may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed in a processor, performs one or more of the methods described above.
  • the computer-readable medium may comprise a tangible computer-readable storage medium and may form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials.
  • the computer- readable storage medium may comprise random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, and the like.
  • RAM random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • NVRAM nonvolatile random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • FLASH memory magnetic or optical data storage media, and the like.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may also comprise a non-volatile storage device, such as a hard-disk, magnetic tape, a compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD), Blu- ray disk, holographic data storage media, or other non-volatile storage device.
  • processor may refer to any of the foregoing structure or any other structure suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein.
  • functionality described herein may be provided within dedicated software modules or hardware modules configured for performing the techniques of this disclosure. Even if implemented in software, the techniques may use hardware such as a processor to execute the software, and a memory to store the software. In any such cases, the computers described herein may define a specific machine that is capable of executing the specific functions described herein. Also, the techniques could be fully implemented in one or more circuits or logic elements, which could also be considered a processor.
  • a personal protection equipment (PPE) system includes a PPE device including a sensor arranged to detect a blood alcohol content of a user wearing the PPE system from an exhaled breath of the user and a computing device configured to generate an alert in response to the detected blood alcohol content.
  • PPE personal protection equipment
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the sensor is integrated into a component of the PPE device.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the PPE device is a hearing protection device, and the sensor is integrated into a boom microphone
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the PPE device has a face mask component.
  • the sensor is positioned in an exhalation zone of a wearer of the face mask.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the PPE device substantially encloses the entire face of a user.
  • the sensor is positioned in an exhalation zone of a wearer of the face mask.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the PPE device substantially encloses the entire head of a user.
  • the sensor is positioned in an exhalation zone of a wearer of the face mask.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the PPE device includes a fit detection component configured to detect when a PPE device is properly mounted on a wearer’s head.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the sensor is in an inactive state until the fit detection component detects the PPE device is properly mounted.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the PPE system includes a communication module, and sensor detects the blood alcohol content of the user in response to a received fitness test request.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the fitness test request originates from an interactable device.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the sensor is actively detecting the blood alcohol content intermittently when the PPE device is properly mounted.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the sensor is in a low power state when not detecting the blood alcohol content.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the sensor is activated without notice to the wearer of the PPE device.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that notice is provided to the wearer after the blood alcohol content is detected.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the detected blood alcohol content is stored.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the blood alcohol content is compared to an acceptable threshold, and only a pass or fail indication of the blood alcohol content with respect to the threshold is stored.
  • a personal protection equipment (PPE) system includes a component arranged near a mouth of a user and a sensor on the component.
  • the sensor is in proximity to an exhalation path of a user.
  • the system also includes a computing device configured to generate a metric indicative of a fitness level based on a received sensor signal from the sensor.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that it also includes a hearing protection device with a boom microphone, and the component is integrated into the boom microphone.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that it also includes a face mask, and the component is integrated into the face mask.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that a helmet and the component is integrated into the helmet.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that it includes a battery power source.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the sensor is in an inactive state until a fitness level request is received.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the fitness level request is a blood alcohol concentration request.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the blood alcohol concentration request is generated by the computing device.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the blood alcohol concentration request is received from a remote source.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that it also includes a communication component configured to provide the metric to the remote source.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the metric is a pass or a fail indication based on a comparison of the fitness level to a threshold.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the metric is a numerical measure of a detected blood alcohol content.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the metric is a numerical measure of a detected narcotic present.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the metric is a stress level indication.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that it also includes a motion sensor, and the metric is an indication of physical exertion based in part on the motion sensor.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the metric indicates user fatigue, or injury, or inebriation or dangerous posture or movement.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that based on a comparison of the user metric indication to a threshold, an alerting component of the PPE system generates an alert that the user requires a recovery period.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that it also includes a user detection component, and the sensor is in an inactive state until a user is detected as wearing the PPE system.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the user detection component is a PPE fit component.
  • the PPE system may be implemented such that the user detection component is a seal detection component.
  • a method of conducting fitness tests on a worker in a worksite includes sending a fitness test request to a PPE device in the worksite.
  • the PPE device is associated with a worker in the worksite.
  • the method also includes receiving a fitness indication from the PPE device.
  • the fitness indication is generated in response to a sensor signal received from a sensor integrated into the PPE device.
  • the sensor is in proximity to an exhalation path of the worker when the PPE device is worn by the worker.
  • the method also includes automatically generating an alert signal based on a detection that a given received fitness indication is outside an acceptable range.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test is an intoxication test.
  • the sensor signal is a measure of blood alcohol content
  • the method may be implemented such that the sensor is a motion sensor.
  • the sensor signal is a detected abnormal movement pattern of the user.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test is a narcotics test.
  • the sensor signal is a measure of narcotic concentration.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test is a respiratory analysis.
  • the sensor signal is a recording of breath sounds and the acceptable range is an acceptable range of breath sounds.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test is a chemical analysis test.
  • the sensor is a spectrometer.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test is a stress test and the sensor is a cortisol sensor.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test is a metabolic test, pulmonary test, or physical exertion test and the sensor is a CO2 sensor, O2 sensor, or minute ventilation sensor.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test is a fatigue test or physical exertion test or injury test, or inebriation test and the sensor is an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or magnetometer.
  • the method may be implemented such that the sensor is in an inactive state and enters an active state when the fitness test request is received.
  • the method may be implemented such that the transition from inactive to active state is made without a notification to the worker.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test request is generated by a computing device within the PPE device.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test request is generated by a computing device remote from the PPE device.
  • the alert signal is provided to the remote computing device.
  • the method may be implemented such that the PPE device is a first PPE device, and the remote computing device sends a second fitness test request to a second PPE device.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test request and the second fitness test request are sent in parallel.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test request and the second fitness test request are sent in series.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test request is sent when the PPE device is detected as in a wearing position on a user.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test request is sent based on a scheduled interval.
  • the method may be implemented such that the fitness test request is sent at an unscheduled time with respect to the wearer.
  • the method may be implemented such that the generated alert is provided to an interactable device, and the worker is locked out from the interactable device.
  • the method may be implemented such that the PPE device is a hearing protection device with a boom microphone and the sensor is integrated into the boom microphone.
  • the method may be implemented such that the PPE device includes a face covering component and the sensor is integrated into the face covering component.
  • a personal protective equipment (PPE) device includes a fitness sensor configured to, when activated, sense a fitness indication from a worker.
  • the fitness sensor is part of a personal protective equipment device and is positioned in proximity to an exhalation path of a user.
  • the device also includes a communication component configured to receive a request for fitness data for the worker and provide the fitness indication to a source of the request.
  • the device also includes a controller configured to, based on the received request, cause the fitness sensor to sense a parameter of an exhaled breath of the worker.
  • the device also includes a protective component configured to provide a personal protective function for the worker when the PPE device is worn.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the fitness sensor is in an inactive state until the fitness data request is received.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the fitness data request is generated by a computer process of the PPE device.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the fitness data request is generated by a remote device.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the fitness indication is a numerical indication corresponding to the sensed parameter.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the fitness indication is a pass indication or fail indication.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the protective component is a hearing protection device comprising a boom microphone, and the fitness sensor is integrated into the boom microphone.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the protective component is a face shield component, and the fitness sensor is integrated into the face shield component.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the sensed parameter is a captured sound and the fitness indication is a respiratory health indication.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the sensed parameter is a chemical concentration of a chemical sensed in the exhaled breath of the worker.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the chemical is selected from the group consisting of: alcohol, cortisol, volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide or oxygen.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the fitness sensor is a spectrometer.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the fitness sensor is a motion sensor.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the motion sensor includes an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer or a combination thereof.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that it also includes a motion sensor.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that it also includes a user detection component, and the fitness sensor is activated only when the worker is detected by the user detection component.
  • the PPE device may be implemented such that the sensed parameter is a movement pattern of the user, and the fitness indication includes an indication of user fatigue, user stress, user metabolic state, user injury, user inebriation or user exertion.
  • alcoholized breath has been simulated with a custom- built apparatus by simply passing a constant airflow at 90 liters per minute from a 3M Jupiter turbo blower through a breathing tube over a bath of ethanol and into the breathing tube of a medium-sized ISO dummy head (FIG. 10).
  • the concentration of ethanol in air has been adjusted by controlling the opening of an aperture above the bath of ethanol. Both the volumetric airflow and the size of the aperture determined the amount of ethanol vapor being able to diffuse from the ethanol container into the air stream passing over it.
  • a calibrated breathalyzer (Drager Alcotest® 3000) has been attached to the mouth-opening of the dummy head, allowing to monitor the alcohol content in air at the mouth opening while adjusting airflow and the size of the aperture. Once an ethanol concentration of 130ppm (equivalent 0.52%o blood alcohol level) was reached, the breathalyzer was removed from the mouth opening.
  • the alcoholized breath simulator rig was now complete and ready to be used for mounting various PPE onto the dummy head and examining the breath alcohol levels with a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor at different locations within the PPE and at the outside of the PPE while flowing simulated breath alcohol through the dummy head.
  • VOC volatile organic compound
  • a range of VOC sensors were tested for response time and sensitivity to ethanol vapor by placing each sensor in proximity to the dummy head of the alcoholized breath simulator.
  • the sensor data was captured with a microcontroller (ATmega2560) and evaluated in real-time via the serial port of a computer.
  • the MICS-5524 sensor has been identified to be the VOC sensor with best sensitivity and fastest response time ( ⁇ lsec) out of all VOC sensors and was used for all breath alcohol tests on head-mounted PPE.
  • a breath sensor in head-mounted PPE such as the boom-microphone of a headset, the exhalation valve, face-seal or dead-space of respirators, or the edge of a visor or harness of a PPE. All these locations are in proximity to the flow of exhaled breath of a PPE user.
  • the alcoholized breath simulator was switched on for a few seconds to be able to observe how much of the 130ppm ethanol reference concentration was detected by the MICS sensor in each PPE location and for how long the ethanol remained detectable after switching the breath simulator off again.
  • the ethanol reference concentration was determined by placing the MICS VOC sensor directly at the dummy head mouth opening.
  • the obtained sensor voltage signal in this reference location has been used to normalize all sensor responses in the following measurements. Hence, if a sensor signal reached 100% of the ethanol reference level, then this meant that the sensor in this location was able to detect the calibrated ethanol concentration of 130ppm.
  • Example 1 Sensor Response at Headset Boom -Microphone Location
  • the MICS VOC sensor At the headset boom-microphone location, the MICS VOC sensor has shown a very sharp response, reaching the 130ppm ethanol reference level within 100-200msec. Equally, when switching the alcoholized breath simulator off, the sensor recovered to its original level within 6 seconds. This sensor response indicated that alcoholized breath could be detected at a headset boom location very reliably. Sensor positioning and results are illustrated in FIGS. 11A-11C.
  • the MICS VOC sensor has shown a similarly sharp response at onset and termination of alcoholized breath as at the boom mic location, reaching 90% of the I30ppm ethanol reference level within few hundred milliseconds ( Figures 5 and 6).
  • the peak in the sensor response at the onset of the alcoholized breath simulator and long recovery time of the sensor signal to its original state both indicated that ethanol vapor has built up in the mask dead space as it needs particularly long (on the order of minutes) to be flushed out by clean air.
  • This increased residence time of ethanol in the dead space is very convenient for detecting even smaller ethanol concentrations than the reference level in this study. All sensor responses showed that alcoholized breath can be detected very reliably at all investigated mask locations.
  • Sensor positioning and results for the full-face mask are illustrated in FIGS. 12A-12C.
  • Sensor positioning and results for the half-face masks are illustrated in FIGS. 13A-13B.
  • the spiky signal is a result of holding the MICS sensor by hand and moving it along the outside contour of the face-seal, not always maintaining constant distance between sensor and face-seal. All three sensor locations may be suited to detect breath alcohol at the legal limit of 125ppm (0.5%o blood alcohol equivalent), however, below this concentration a reliable detection of breath alcohol may be difficult. Sensor positioning and results are illustrated in FIGS. 15A- D.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'équipement de protection personnelle (PPE) comprenant un capteur de condition physique configuré pour, lorsqu'il est activé, recevoir une indication de condition physique d'un travailleur. Le capteur de condition physique fait partie d'un dispositif d'équipement de protection personnelle et est positionné à proximité d'un trajet d'expiration d'un utilisateur. Le dispositif de PPE comprend également un composant de communication configuré pour recevoir une demande de données de condition physique du travailleur et pour fournir l'indication de condition physique à une source de la demande. Le dispositif de PPE comprend en outre un dispositif de commande configuré pour, sur la base de la demande reçue, amener le capteur de condition physique à détecter un paramètre d'une respiration expirée du travailleur. Le dispositif de PPE comprend de plus un composant de protection configuré pour fournir une fonction de protection personnelle du travailleur lorsque le dispositif de PPE est porté.
PCT/IB2021/057567 2020-08-31 2021-08-17 Systèmes et procédés de surveillance de condition physique de travailleur WO2022043827A1 (fr)

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WO2024149756A1 (fr) * 2023-01-11 2024-07-18 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Modèle anthropomorphique pour simuler une décharge de gaz à partir d'un conducteur, et procédé pour simuler une décharge de gaz à partir d'un conducteur

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