WO2022042899A1 - Cooling system for at least one battery - Google Patents

Cooling system for at least one battery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022042899A1
WO2022042899A1 PCT/EP2021/067057 EP2021067057W WO2022042899A1 WO 2022042899 A1 WO2022042899 A1 WO 2022042899A1 EP 2021067057 W EP2021067057 W EP 2021067057W WO 2022042899 A1 WO2022042899 A1 WO 2022042899A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
cooling system
thermal element
phase change
battery housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/067057
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andy Tiefenbach
Andreas Gleiter
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to JP2023513611A priority Critical patent/JP2023538948A/en
Priority to EP21736993.3A priority patent/EP4205219A1/en
Publication of WO2022042899A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022042899A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Cooling system for at least one battery
  • the invention is based on a cooling system for at least one battery with a thermally conductive battery housing, a method for producing a cooling system and a use of the cooling system according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • Batteries that are used in the automotive sector typically have active cooling or active thermal management, since the power consumption of the battery also increases.
  • Active cooling or active thermal management is often based on air or liquids, which may also allow the battery to be warmed up, for example in vehicles with higher performance.
  • the document US 2011 2939 86 A1 discloses a cell holder for holding the battery cells in order to efficiently adjust the temperature of the cells.
  • the procedure according to the invention with the characterizing features of the independent claims has the advantage that the cooling system comprises: a.) at least one exchangeable thermal element; b.) at least one battery compartment, wherein the battery housing is at least partially surrounded by the thermal element within the battery compartment.
  • heat loss from the battery can be removed by means of a thermal element that can be replaced, for example by hand. This improves the cooling of passively cooled batteries, especially at high ambient temperatures.
  • the thermal element comprises a phase change material, in particular a pad, a pillow and/or a gel, or a liquid with a high heat capacity.
  • phase change materials PCM, Phase Change Material
  • latent heat storage heat loss from the battery caused by power loss does not lead to a further increase in battery temperature when a phase change temperature is reached.
  • the at least one battery compartment is designed to be liquid-tight, which reliably prevents the liquid from leaking out.
  • the phase-change material can be changed, which means that after the battery has been operated, a cooling-off phase can be omitted, which means that, for example, a charging process can be started immediately.
  • the phase change material has a phase change temperature limit of between 30°C and 50°C.
  • the phase change material is deformable, in particular elastically deformable.
  • the phase change material adapts to a geometric shape of the battery housing, which exerts a contact pressure on the battery housing and improves heat transfer.
  • the thermal element is electrically insulating, flame retardant and/or self-extinguishing. This prevents or at least delays a fire in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cells.
  • the battery housing is made of a thermally conductive metal, in particular aluminum. This ensures particularly effective cooling of the battery.
  • At least two opposite sides of the battery case have a substantially oval cross-section. As a result, a mechanically particularly stable form is achieved.
  • the battery case has a plurality of fins on the outside to increase heat exchange between the battery case and the thermal element. This means that hotspots, i.e. local excess temperatures, can be avoided in the battery.
  • a method for producing a cooling system comprises the following steps: a.) inserting at least one battery into a thermally conductive battery housing; b.) inserting the battery housing into a battery compartment; c.) Introducing at least one thermal element into the battery compartment, as a result of which the thermal element at least partially surrounds the battery housing.
  • a cooling system according to the invention is advantageously used in electrical energy storage devices for electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, aircraft, pedelecs or e-bikes, for portable devices for telecommunications or data processing, for electrical hand tools or kitchen appliances, and in stationary storage devices for storage in particular regenerative electrical energy.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a cooling system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the cooling system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a cooling system 100 according to the invention.
  • the cooling system 100 comprises a battery 101 with a thermally conductive battery housing, a battery compartment 102 and a replaceable thermal element 103, in particular a liquid with a high heat capacity, for example water.
  • the battery 101 advantageously has a large surface or a contact area with good heat conduction
  • the battery housing is made of aluminum in the embodiment shown.
  • Any heat loss from the battery 101 can be absorbed by a sufficient amount of liquid.
  • An example calculation with a battery 101 for smaller vehicles and water as the thermal element 102 shows that a volume of approx.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the cooling system 200 according to the invention.
  • the cooling system 200 comprises a first battery 201(1) and a second battery 201(2), each with a thermally conductive battery housing and a replaceable thermal element 203 comprising a phase change material, for example a cooling pad.
  • the thermal element 203 is placed on and/or under the battery 201(1), 201(2), or in the embodiment shown the cooling pad is clamped between two batteries 201(1), 201(2).
  • this absorbs the heat loss energy of the battery 201 and can be exchanged for a further, already cooled cooling cushion during a stop. This enables the battery 201 to be operated more gently, which enables the battery 201 to have a longer range and more power.
  • the thermal element 203 comprising phase change material can be attached in a suitable form to large-area sides of the battery 201 .
  • multiple cooling pads can also be used, or cooling pads that directly surround one or more batteries 201 on multiple sides.
  • the volume can be optimally adapted to the application via a thickness and/or a geometry of the cooling pad.
  • the modular design of the cooling system 200 allows easy scalability to different applications. In addition, no active cooling system is necessary, which saves costs and installation space.
  • cooling system 200 can also be used as a retrofit solution for already existing passively cooled batteries 201, which means that no cost-intensive adaptation is required.
  • a further advantage is that a charging process is possible directly after the battery 201 has been operated, since otherwise if the battery temperature is too high, a cooling phase must be waited for beforehand, which in extreme cases can last for several hours.
  • phase change material as thermal element 203 with a limit temperature of 48°C.
  • limit temperature 48°C.
  • the cooling system 200 achieves a significantly improved aging behavior of the battery 201 since high temperatures in particular lead to disproportionately high aging of the battery 201 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cooling system for at least one battery having a thermally conductive battery housing, the cooling system comprising a.) at least one exchangeable thermal element and b.) at least one battery compartment, the battery housing being at least partly surrounded by the thermal element within the battery compartment.

Description

Figure imgf000002_0001
Figure imgf000002_0001
Beschreibung description
Titel title
Kühlsystem für mindestens eine Batterie Cooling system for at least one battery
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Kühlsystem für mindestens eine Batterie mit einem wärmeleitfähigen Batteriegehäuse, einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kühlsystems sowie einer Verwendung des Kühlsystems gemäß dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche. The invention is based on a cooling system for at least one battery with a thermally conductive battery housing, a method for producing a cooling system and a use of the cooling system according to the preamble of the independent claims.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Batterien, die im Automotive Bereich eingesetzt werden, verfügen typischerweise über eine aktive Kühlung beziehungsweise ein aktives Thermomanagement, da bei hoher Leistungsentnahme der Batterie auch eine Verlustleistung steigt. Batteries that are used in the automotive sector typically have active cooling or active thermal management, since the power consumption of the battery also increases.
Die aktive Kühlung beziehungsweise das aktive Thermomanagement ist häufig auf Basis von Luft oder Flüssigkeiten, welches gegebenenfalls auch ein Aufwärmen der Batterie ermöglicht, beispielsweise bei Fahrzeugen mit höherer Leistung.
Figure imgf000003_0001
Active cooling or active thermal management is often based on air or liquids, which may also allow the battery to be warmed up, for example in vehicles with higher performance.
Figure imgf000003_0001
Solche Systeme sind teuer, benötigten in erheblichem Umfang zusätzliche Komponenten sowie zusätzlichen Bauraum. Deshalb kommen bei kleineren Fahrzeugen wie beispielsweise eScootern üblicherweise Batterien mit Passivkühlung zum Einsatz. Such systems are expensive, require a considerable amount of additional components and additional installation space. This is why batteries with passive cooling are usually used in smaller vehicles such as e-scooters.
Nachteilig an solchen Batterien ist, dass sie nach längerem Betrieb insbesondere bei höherer Last zu heiß werden können, was einen weiteren Betrieb verhindert oder nach Fahrtende nicht geladen werden können, sondern erst über Stunden passiv abkühlen müssen, bevor der gewünschte Ladevorgang gestartet werden darf. The disadvantage of such batteries is that they can get too hot after prolonged operation, especially at higher loads, which prevents further operation or cannot be charged after the end of the journey, but must first cool down passively for hours before the desired charging process can be started.
Das Dokument US 2017 005 381 Al offenbart ein Kühlsubsystem für Energiespeichersysteme, umfassend einen Kühlmittelabschnitt mit einem darin zirkulierenden Kühlmittel. Document US 2017 005 381 A1 discloses a cooling subsystem for energy storage systems, comprising a coolant section with a coolant circulating therein.
Das Dokument US 2006 073 377 Al offenbart ein Stromversorgungssystem und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren. Document US 2006 073 377 A1 discloses a power supply system and associated operating method.
Das Dokument US 2011 2939 86 Al offenbart einen Zellhalter zum Halten der Batteriezellen, um die Temperatur der Zellen effizient einzustellen. The document US 2011 2939 86 A1 discloses a cell holder for holding the battery cells in order to efficiently adjust the temperature of the cells.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, den Stand der Technik weiter zu verbessern. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche. It is the object of the present invention to further improve the state of the art. This object is solved by the features of the independent claims.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of Invention
Vorteile der Erfindung
Figure imgf000004_0001
Advantages of the Invention
Figure imgf000004_0001
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorgehensweise mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, dass das Kühlsystem umfasst: a.) mindestens ein wechselbares thermisches Element; b.) mindestens ein Batteriefach, wobei das Batteriegehäuse zumindest teilweise von dem thermischen Element innerhalb des Batteriefachs umgeben ist. In contrast, the procedure according to the invention with the characterizing features of the independent claims has the advantage that the cooling system comprises: a.) at least one exchangeable thermal element; b.) at least one battery compartment, wherein the battery housing is at least partially surrounded by the thermal element within the battery compartment.
Erfindungsgemäß kann entstehende Verlustwärme der Batterie mittels einem, beispielsweise von Hand, austauschbaren thermischen Element herausgenommen werden. Dadurch wird eine Kühlung von passiv gekühlten Batterien, insbesondere bei hohen Umgebungstemperaturen, verbessert. According to the invention, heat loss from the battery can be removed by means of a thermal element that can be replaced, for example by hand. This improves the cooling of passively cooled batteries, especially at high ambient temperatures.
Dadurch können Hotspots, also lokale Übertemperaturen, in der Batterie vermieden werden, eine verbesserte Wärmeverteilung innerhalb des Batteriegehäuses sowie ein verbesserter Wärmetransfer erreicht werden. As a result, hotspots, i.e. local excess temperatures, in the battery can be avoided, improved heat distribution within the battery housing and improved heat transfer can be achieved.
Durch das wechselbare thermische Element führt weitere Verlustwärme der Batterie bei besonders warmen Umgebungsbedingungen nicht zu einem weiteren Anstieg der Batte ri etem pe ratu r. Due to the replaceable thermal element, further heat loss from the battery in particularly warm ambient conditions does not lead to a further increase in the battery temperature.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Further advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
Das thermische Element umfasst ein Phasenwechselmaterial, insbesondere ein Pad, ein Kissen und/oder ein Gel, oder eine Flüssigkeit mit hoher Wärmekapazität. Insbesondere bei Verwendung von Phasenwechselmaterialien (PCM, Phase Change Material),
Figure imgf000005_0001
beispielsweise Latentwärmespeicher, führt durch Verlustleistung verursachte Verlustwärme der Batterie beim Erreichen einer Phasenwechseltemperatur nicht zu einem weiteren Anstieg der Batterietemperatur. The thermal element comprises a phase change material, in particular a pad, a pillow and/or a gel, or a liquid with a high heat capacity. Especially when using phase change materials (PCM, Phase Change Material),
Figure imgf000005_0001
For example, latent heat storage, heat loss from the battery caused by power loss does not lead to a further increase in battery temperature when a phase change temperature is reached.
Zumindest bei Verwendung einer Flüssigkeit mit hoher Wärmekapazität ist das mindestens eine Batteriefach flüssigkeitsdicht ausgeführt, wodurch ein Auslaufen der Flüssigkeit zuverlässig verhindert wird. At least when using a liquid with a high heat capacity, the at least one battery compartment is designed to be liquid-tight, which reliably prevents the liquid from leaking out.
Vorteilhafterweise ist das Phasenwechselmaterial wechselbar, wodurch nach einem Betrieb der Batterie eine Abkühlungsphase entfallen kann, wodurch beispielsweise ein Ladevorgang unmittelbar gestartet werden kann. Advantageously, the phase-change material can be changed, which means that after the battery has been operated, a cooling-off phase can be omitted, which means that, for example, a charging process can be started immediately.
Das Phasenwechselmaterial weist eine Temperaturgrenze der Phasenwechseltemperatur zwischen 30 °C und 50 °C auf. Dadurch können elektrochemische Energiespeicherzellen der Batterie in einem optimalen Temperaturbereich betrieben werden, wodurch eine vorzeitige Alterung verhindert werden kann. The phase change material has a phase change temperature limit of between 30°C and 50°C. As a result, electrochemical energy storage cells of the battery can be operated in an optimal temperature range, which means that premature aging can be prevented.
Das Phasenwechselmaterial ist verformbar, insbesondere elastisch verformbar. Dadurch passt sich das Phasenwechselmaterial an eine geometrische Form des Batteriegehäuses an, wodurch eine Anpresskraft auf das Batteriegehäuse ausgeübt und ein Wärmetransfer verbessert wird. The phase change material is deformable, in particular elastically deformable. As a result, the phase change material adapts to a geometric shape of the battery housing, which exerts a contact pressure on the battery housing and improves heat transfer.
Das thermische Element ist elektrisch isolierend, schwer entflammbar und/oder selbstverlöschend. Dadurch wird ein Brand bei einem thermischen Durchgehen der Batteriezellen verhindert oder zumindest verzögert.
Figure imgf000006_0001
The thermal element is electrically insulating, flame retardant and/or self-extinguishing. This prevents or at least delays a fire in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cells.
Figure imgf000006_0001
Das Batteriegehäuse ist aus einem thermisch leitfähigen Metall, insbesondere Aluminium, gebildet. Dies gewährleistet eine besonders effektive Entwärmung der Batterie. The battery housing is made of a thermally conductive metal, in particular aluminum. This ensures particularly effective cooling of the battery.
Zumindest zwei gegenüberliegende Seiten des Batteriegehäuses weisen einen im Wesentlichen ovalen Querschnitt auf. Dadurch wird eine mechanisch besonders stabile Form erreicht. At least two opposite sides of the battery case have a substantially oval cross-section. As a result, a mechanically particularly stable form is achieved.
Das Batteriegehäuse weist auf der Außenseite eine Vielzahl von Rippen auf, um einen Wärmeaustausch zwischen dem Batteriegehäuse und dem thermischen Element zu vergrößern. Dadurch können Hotspots, also lokale Übertemperaturen, in der Batterie vermieden werden. The battery case has a plurality of fins on the outside to increase heat exchange between the battery case and the thermal element. This means that hotspots, i.e. local excess temperatures, can be avoided in the battery.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kühlsystems umfasst folgende Schritte: a.) Einsetzen mindestens einer Batterie in ein wärmeleitfähiges Batteriegehäuse; b.) Einsetzen des Batteriegehäuses in ein Batteriefach; c.) Einbringen mindestens eines thermischen Elements in das Batteriefach, wodurch das thermische Element zumindest teilweise das Batteriegehäuse umgibt. A method for producing a cooling system according to the invention comprises the following steps: a.) inserting at least one battery into a thermally conductive battery housing; b.) inserting the battery housing into a battery compartment; c.) Introducing at least one thermal element into the battery compartment, as a result of which the thermal element at least partially surrounds the battery housing.
Vorteilhafterweise findet ein erfindungsgemäßes Kühlsystem Verwendung in elektrischen Energiespeichern für Elektrofahrzeuge, Brennstoffzellenfahrzeuge, Hybridfahrzeuge, Plug-In-Hybridfahrzeuge, Luftfahrzeuge, Pedelecs oder E-Bikes, für portable Einrichtungen zur Telekommunikation oder Datenverarbeitung, für elektrische Handwerkzeuge oder Küchenmaschinen, sowie in stationären Speichern zur Speicherung insbesondere regenerativ gewonnener elektrischer Energie.
Figure imgf000007_0001
A cooling system according to the invention is advantageously used in electrical energy storage devices for electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, aircraft, pedelecs or e-bikes, for portable devices for telecommunications or data processing, for electrical hand tools or kitchen appliances, and in stationary storage devices for storage in particular regenerative electrical energy.
Figure imgf000007_0001
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Kühlsystems; und FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a cooling system according to the invention; and
Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kühlsystems. FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the cooling system according to the invention.
Detaillierte Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispiele Detailed description of the exemplary embodiments
Gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen in allen Figuren gleiche Vorrichtungskomponenten. The same reference symbols designate the same device components in all figures.
Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Kühlsystems 100. Das Kühlsystem 100 umfasst eine Batterie 101 mit einem wärmeleitfähigen Batteriegehäuse, ein Batteriefach 102 sowie ein wechselbares thermisches Element 103, insbesondere eine Flüssigkeit mit hoher Wärmekapazität, beispielsweise Wasser. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a cooling system 100 according to the invention. The cooling system 100 comprises a battery 101 with a thermally conductive battery housing, a battery compartment 102 and a replaceable thermal element 103, in particular a liquid with a high heat capacity, for example water.
Die Batterie 101 verfügt vorteilhafterweise über eine große Oberfläche beziehungsweise eine Kontaktfläche mit guter Wärmeleitung, das Batteriegehäuse ist in der gezeigten Ausführungsform aus Aluminium aufgebaut. The battery 101 advantageously has a large surface or a contact area with good heat conduction, the battery housing is made of aluminum in the embodiment shown.
Entstehende Verlustwärme der Batterie 101 kann von einer ausreichenden Menge Flüssigkeit aufgenommen werden. Eine Beispielrechnung mit einer Batterie 101 für kleinere Fahrzeuge und Wasser als thermisches Element 102 zeigt, dass ein Volumen von ca. 6,51 als Zwischenraum um die Batterie 101 nötig ist.
Figure imgf000008_0001
Any heat loss from the battery 101 can be absorbed by a sufficient amount of liquid. An example calculation with a battery 101 for smaller vehicles and water as the thermal element 102 shows that a volume of approx.
Figure imgf000008_0001
Wasser (ohne Phasenwechsel)
Figure imgf000008_0002
water (without phase change)
Figure imgf000008_0002
Tabelle 1 Table 1
Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kühlsystems 200. Das Kühlsystem 200 umfasst eine erste Batterie 201(1) sowie eine zweite Batterie 201(2) mit jeweils einem wärmeleitfähigen Batteriegehäuse sowie ein wechselbares thermisches Element 203 umfassend ein Phasenwechselmaterial, beispielsweise ein Kühlkissen. Das thermische Element 203 wird auf oder/und unter die Batterie 201(1), 201(2) gelegt, beziehungsweise in der gezeigten Ausführungsform ist das Kühlkissen zwischen zwei Batterien 201(1), 201(2) geklemmt. Dieses nimmt während eines Betriebs der Batterie 201 die Verlustwärmeenergie der Batterie 201 auf und kann bei einem Stopp durch ein weiteres, bereits gekühltes Kühlkissen ausgetauscht werden. Dadurch wird ein schonender Betrieb der Batterie 201 ermöglicht, der eine höhere Reichweite und mehr Leistung der Batterie 201 ermöglicht.
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the cooling system 200 according to the invention. The cooling system 200 comprises a first battery 201(1) and a second battery 201(2), each with a thermally conductive battery housing and a replaceable thermal element 203 comprising a phase change material, for example a cooling pad. The thermal element 203 is placed on and/or under the battery 201(1), 201(2), or in the embodiment shown the cooling pad is clamped between two batteries 201(1), 201(2). During operation of the battery 201, this absorbs the heat loss energy of the battery 201 and can be exchanged for a further, already cooled cooling cushion during a stop. This enables the battery 201 to be operated more gently, which enables the battery 201 to have a longer range and more power.
Figure imgf000009_0001
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das thermische Element 203 umfassend Phasenwechselmaterial in einer geeigneten Form an großflächige Seiten der Batterie 201 angebracht werden kann. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the thermal element 203 comprising phase change material can be attached in a suitable form to large-area sides of the battery 201 .
Vorteilhafterweise können auch mehrere Kühlkissen verwendet werden oder Kühlkissen, welche eine oder mehrere Batterien 201 jeweils an mehreren Seiten direkt umgeben. Über eine Dicke und/oder eine Geometrie der Kühlkissen kann das Volumen optimal an die Anwendung angepasst werden. Advantageously, multiple cooling pads can also be used, or cooling pads that directly surround one or more batteries 201 on multiple sides. The volume can be optimally adapted to the application via a thickness and/or a geometry of the cooling pad.
Der modulare Aufbau des Kühlsystems 200 erlaubt eine leichte Skalierbarkeit an verschiedene Anwendungen. Außerdem ist kein aktives Kühlsystem notwendig, wodurch Kosten und Bauraum gespart werden. The modular design of the cooling system 200 allows easy scalability to different applications. In addition, no active cooling system is necessary, which saves costs and installation space.
Weiter ist das Kühlsystem 200 auch bei bereits schon existierenden passiv gekühlten Batterien 201 als Nachrüstlösung verwendbar, wodurch keine kostenintensive Anpassung erforderlich ist. Furthermore, the cooling system 200 can also be used as a retrofit solution for already existing passively cooled batteries 201, which means that no cost-intensive adaptation is required.
Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass ein Ladevorgang direkt nach einem Betrieb der Batterie 201 möglich ist, da üblicherweise bei zu hoher Batterietemperatur sonst vorher eine Abkühlphase abgewartet werden muss, welche im Extremfall mehrere Stunden andauern kann. A further advantage is that a charging process is possible directly after the battery 201 has been operated, since otherwise if the battery temperature is too high, a cooling phase must be waited for beforehand, which in extreme cases can last for several hours.
Folgende Tabelle zeigt einen Effekt bei Verwendung von Phasenwechselmaterial als thermisches Element 203 mit einer Grenztemperatur von 48°C. In dem Beispiel wurde lediglich die Energie des Phasenwechsels betrachtet, jedoch wird bis zum Erreichen der Phasenwechseltemperatur aber auch bereits Energie aufgenommen.
Figure imgf000010_0001
The table below shows an effect when using phase change material as thermal element 203 with a limit temperature of 48°C. In the example, only the energy of the phase change was considered, but energy is also already being absorbed by the time the phase change temperature is reached.
Figure imgf000010_0001
PCM Beispiel PCM example
L3e worst case
Figure imgf000010_0002
L3e worst case
Figure imgf000010_0002
Tabelle 2 Table 2
Durch da Kühlsystem 200 wird ein deutlich verbessertes Alterungsverhalten der Batterie 201 erzielt, da insbesondere hohe Temperaturen zu einer überproportionalen Alterung der Batterie 201 führen. The cooling system 200 achieves a significantly improved aging behavior of the battery 201 since high temperatures in particular lead to disproportionately high aging of the battery 201 .

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Kühlsystem (100, 200) für mindestens eine Batterie (101, 201(1), 201(2)) mit einem wärmeleitfähigen Batteriegehäuse, umfassend a.) mindestens ein wechselbares thermisches Element (103, 203); b.) mindestens ein Batteriefach (102, 202), wobei das Batteriegehäuse zumindest teilweise von dem thermischen Element (103, 203) innerhalb des Batteriefachs (102, 202) umgeben ist. 1. Cooling system (100, 200) for at least one battery (101, 201(1), 201(2)) with a thermally conductive battery housing, comprising a.) at least one exchangeable thermal element (103, 203); b.) at least one battery compartment (102, 202), wherein the battery housing is at least partially surrounded by the thermal element (103, 203) within the battery compartment (102, 202).
2. Kühlsystem (100, 200) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das thermische Element (103, 203) ein Phasenwechselmaterial, insbesondere ein Pad, ein Kissen und/oder ein Gel, oder eine Flüssigkeit mit hoher Wärmekapazität umfasst. 2. Cooling system (100, 200) according to claim 1, wherein the thermal element (103, 203) comprises a phase change material, in particular a pad, a cushion and/or a gel, or a liquid with a high heat capacity.
3. Kühlsystem (100, 200) nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Phasenwechselmaterial eine Temperaturgrenze zwischen 30 °C und 50 °C aufweist. 3. The cooling system (100, 200) of claim 2, wherein the phase change material has a temperature limit between 30°C and 50°C.
4. Kühlsystem (100, 200) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, wobei das Phasenwechselmaterial verformbar, insbesondere elastisch verformbar ist.
Figure imgf000012_0001
4. Cooling system (100, 200) according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the phase change material is deformable, in particular elastically deformable.
Figure imgf000012_0001
5. Kühlsystem (100, 200) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das thermische Element (103, 203) elektrisch isolierend, schwer entflammbar und/oder selbstverlöschend ist. 5. Cooling system (100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal element (103, 203) is electrically insulating, flame retardant and / or self-extinguishing.
6. Kühlsystem (100, 200) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Batteriegehäuse aus einem thermisch leitfähigen Metall, insbesondere Aluminium, gebildet ist. 6. Cooling system (100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the battery housing is formed from a thermally conductive metal, in particular aluminum.
7. Kühlsystem (100, 200) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zumindest zwei gegenüberliegende Seiten des Batteriegehäuses einen im Wesentlichen ovalen Querschnitt aufweisen. 7. Cooling system (100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two opposite sides of the battery housing have a substantially oval cross-section.
8. Kühlsystem (100, 200) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Batteriegehäuse auf der Außenseite eine Vielzahl von Rippen aufweist, um einen Wärmeaustausch zwischen dem Batteriegehäuse und dem thermischen Element (103, 203) zu vergrößern. 8. Cooling system (100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the battery case has a plurality of fins on the outside to increase heat exchange between the battery case and the thermal element (103, 203).
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kühlsystems (100, 200) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 umfassend folgende Schritte: a.) Einsetzen mindestens einer Batterie (101, 201(1), 201(2)) in ein wärmeleitfähiges9. A method for producing a cooling system (100, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: a.) Inserting at least one battery (101, 201(1), 201(2)) in a thermally conductive
Batteriegehäuse; b.) Einsetzen des Batteriegehäuses in ein Batteriefach (102, 202); c.) Einbringen mindestens eines thermischen Elements (103, 203) in dasbattery case; b.) inserting the battery case into a battery compartment (102, 202); c.) introducing at least one thermal element (103, 203) into the
Batteriefach (102, 202), wodurch das thermische Element (103, 203) zumindest teilweise das Batteriegehäuse umgibt.
Figure imgf000013_0001
Verwendung eines Kühlsystems (100, 200) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 in elektrischen Energiespeichern für Elektrofahrzeuge, Brennstoffzellenfahrzeuge, Hybridfahrzeuge, Plug- In- Hybridfahrzeuge, Luftfahrzeuge, Pedelecs oder E-Bikes, für portable Einrichtungen zur Telekommunikation oder Datenverarbeitung, für elektrische Handwerkzeuge oder Küchenmaschinen, sowie in stationären Speichern zur Speicherung insbesondere regenerativ gewonnener elektrischer Energie. Battery compartment (102, 202), whereby the thermal element (103, 203) at least partially surrounds the battery housing.
Figure imgf000013_0001
Use of a cooling system (100, 200) according to one of Claims 1 to 8 in electrical energy stores for electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, aircraft, pedelecs or e-bikes, for portable telecommunications or data processing devices, for electric hand tools or food processors, as well as in stationary storage devices for storing, in particular, regeneratively generated electrical energy.
PCT/EP2021/067057 2020-08-31 2021-06-23 Cooling system for at least one battery WO2022042899A1 (en)

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