WO2022042827A1 - Tête de pipe à eau - Google Patents

Tête de pipe à eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022042827A1
WO2022042827A1 PCT/EP2020/073743 EP2020073743W WO2022042827A1 WO 2022042827 A1 WO2022042827 A1 WO 2022042827A1 EP 2020073743 W EP2020073743 W EP 2020073743W WO 2022042827 A1 WO2022042827 A1 WO 2022042827A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waterpipe
head according
tobacco
air
mentioned
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/073743
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Fares Hady SFEIR
Original Assignee
Jentschura, Rolf
ABI ABBOUD, Charles Georges
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jentschura, Rolf, ABI ABBOUD, Charles Georges filed Critical Jentschura, Rolf
Priority to PCT/EP2020/073743 priority Critical patent/WO2022042827A1/fr
Publication of WO2022042827A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022042827A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F1/00—Tobacco pipes
    • A24F1/30—Hookahs

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the technical field of smoking devices. More particularly, the present invention is in the technical field of waterpipe smoking devices.
  • Waterpipes found today are a source of tar, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein. These compounds are the major carcinogens emitted by the water pipe.
  • Tar is a carcinogen which is the result of the pyrolysis of carbon-based products; tobacco.
  • Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein, which are highly carcinogenic carbonyl compounds, are produced when heating glycerol, propylene-glycol or the mixture of the two above 205°C.
  • Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and calcium carbonates are emitted by waterpipe’s charcoals that do not contain excess binding sugars from their manufacturing process. These compounds are not carcinogenic and thus can be tolerated by the average person in small doses.
  • a waterpipe head as defined by claim 1 or by claim 30 is provided.
  • Methods according to the present invention are defined in claims 54- 79.
  • the dependent claim show some examples so such waterpipe heads.
  • the present invention is a waterpipe head that evaporates, instead of vaporizing the contents of tobacco at temperatures below 205°C, by homogenously keeping the tobacco’s body temperature below 205°C, which is accomplished by: a. entrapping the vaporized gases and forcing said vaporized gases into forming convection currents, within the container of the tobacco and the tobacco itself at idle times (between consecutive puffs); This allows the evaporation of the tobacco’s contents to occur at lower temperatures. b. Premixing the tobacco’s heating airflow before having said heating airflow reach the tobacco in order to homogenize the heating airflow’s temperature across all of its streamlines.
  • the present invention also ensures that, the temperature of the tobacco and the above-mentioned entrapped gases inside the container of the tobacco, does not abnormally fluctuate between aspiration and idle times.
  • the present invention also provides the ability to inhibit the emission of the major carcinogens normally found in the traditional hookah smoke by maintaining the tobacco at temperatures less than 205°C.
  • the above-mentioned goal is accomplished by keeping the tobacco’s heating air temperature at a level less than 205°C, while using charcoal as a heat source.
  • the present invention also inhibits the charring of the molasses found in the tobacco by prolonging the caramelization process of the molasses found in the tobacco which is accomplished by placing glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body (ex: a cotton) on the top surface of the tobacco’s body.
  • the present invention also filters out the impurities, if they are present in the heating charcoals, which is accomplished by the glycerol’s holding body that is placed on top of the tobacco’s body. [0015] The present invention also allows the replacement of conventional tobacco blends with tobacco blends that do not contain sugars in order to avoid the caramelization of said sugars and the darkening of the tobacco’s body.
  • the present invention also provides the possibility to include sensors in the hookah head to alert the user when the temperature of the air heating the tobacco exceeds the 205°C limit. It is possible to accurately measure the tobacco’s heating air because it exhibits a homogenous temperature across all of its streamlines, making the temperature reading independent of the sensor position with respect to the tobacco’s body.
  • the present invention also provides the possibility to include an automatic heat management mechanism that compensates for the number, size and composition of the used charcoals.
  • the automatic heat management system also adapts to the different smoking styles of each user.
  • the present invention also provides the possibility to replace the tobacco with e- liquid and its holding body.
  • the present invention also provides the possibility to replace the heating charcoals with an electric heating element.
  • Fig. 1 is an isometric view of the waterpipe head
  • Fig. 2 is a first angle section view of the waterpipe head
  • Fig. 3 is a second angle section view of the waterpipe head
  • Fig. 4 is an isometric section view of the waterpipe head
  • Fig. 5 is an isometric exploded section view of the waterpipe head
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded section view of the waterpipe head
  • Fig. 7 is an isometric section view of the waterpipe head in addition to a top cover
  • Fig. 8 is an isometric exploded view of the waterpipe head in addition to a variable air intake area cover
  • Fig. 9 is a section view of the waterpipe head comprising the simplest form guarantying proper operation, in addition to a tobacco holding mesh, tobacco, a layer of glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body placed on top of the tobacco body, a heat damper and its fixation.
  • Fig. 10 is an isometric section view of the waterpipe head comprising the simplest form guarantying proper operation, in addition to a tobacco holding mesh, tobacco, a layer of glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body placed on top of the tobacco body, a heat damper and its fixation.
  • Fig. 11 is a section view of the waterpipe head comprising a top part and a bottom part only, with said bottom part comprising air mixing plates that also act as heat dampers, in addition to a tobacco holding mesh, tobacco and a layer of glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body placed on top of the tobacco body.
  • Fig. 12 is an isometric section view of the waterpipe head comprising a top part and a bottom part only, with said bottom part comprising air mixing plates that also act as heat dampers, in addition to a tobacco holding mesh, tobacco and a layer of glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body placed on top of the tobacco body.
  • Fig. 13 is a section view of the waterpipe head comprising a top part and a bottom part only, with said top part comprising an extension containing air mixing plates that also act as heat dampers, in addition to a tobacco holding mesh, tobacco and a layer of glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body placed on top of the tobacco body.
  • Fig. 14 is an isometric section view of the waterpipe head comprising a top part and a bottom part only, with said top part comprising an extension containing air mixing plates that also act as heat dampers, in addition to a tobacco holding mesh, tobacco and a layer of glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body placed on top of the tobacco body.
  • Fig. 15 is a section view of the waterpipe head comprising a top part, 2 middle parts and a bottom part with a single output, in addition to a tobacco holding mesh, tobacco and a layer of glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body placed on top of the tobacco body.
  • Fig. 16 is an isometric section view of the waterpipe head comprising a top part, 2 middle parts and a bottom part with a single output, in addition to a tobacco holding mesh, tobacco and a layer of glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body placed on top of the tobacco body.
  • Fig. 17 is a section view of the waterpipe head excluding fasteners in addition to a variable air intake area cover, which shows air flow during aspiration.
  • Fig. 18 is a section view of the waterpipe head excluding fasteners in addition to a variable air intake area cover, which shows air flow and convection currents at idle.
  • Fig. 19 is a top view of the waterpipe’s top part, configured for rotary charcoal position adjustment;
  • Fig. 20 is a top view of the waterpipe’s top part, configured for linear charcoal position adjustment;
  • Fig. 21 contains two graphs that show the threshold temperature for the start of the carcinogenic carbonyl compounds’ generation from propylene glycol and a 1 : 1 ration of propylene glycol and glycerol.
  • Fig. 22 contains two graphs that show the threshold temperature for the start of the carcinogenic carbonyl compounds’ generation from glycerol. [1]
  • Fig. 23 contains a graph that show the vapor pressure of different water/Glycerol solutions vs temperature.
  • FIGS. 1-6 there is shown a waterpipe head comprised of a top part 100 which in turns is made up of a top side 101; a circumferential side 102 having an inner and an outer surface and a perforated bottom side 103 having an upper and a lower surface.
  • the perforations in the top part’s bottom side 103 include: a multitude of air passageways 104 from which air heated by the charcoals 800 is allowed to pass through; a single or multitude of holes 106, who’s number corresponds to the number of hollow cylinders 400 used, which will be used to secure said hollow cylinders 400 to the top part’s bottom side 103; and a number of screw clearance holes 105, corresponding to the number of fasteners 700, which allow said fasteners 700 to pass through said top part’s bottom side 103 with a normal screw clearance.
  • the top part 100 may further include a mesh 500 which will be placed on top and offset from the top part’s bottom side 103 upper surface.
  • the mesh 500 may further include reinforcing structural members 503.
  • the heating charcoals 800 are placed on the netted part 501 of said mesh 500.
  • the above-mentioned mesh 500 will rest on the top part of the fasteners 700 in order for it to be offset from the top part’s bottom side 103.
  • the mesh 500 should be offset from the top part’s bottom side 103 by the means of extrusions in either the mesh’s reinforcing structural members 503 or in the top part bottom side’s 103 upper surface. Offsetting the mesh 500 from the top part’s bottom side 103 will avoid the partial combustion of the charcoals 800 due to the lack of circulating air between the charcoals’ 800 side that is in direct contact with the top part bottom side’s 103 upper surface.
  • the offset will also inhibit conduction heat transfer between said charcoals 800 and the top part’s bottom side 103.
  • the water pipe head is further comprised of a middle part 200 which in turns is made up of a top side 201 which is intended to be hermetically connected to the top part’s bottom side 103; a circumferential side 202 having an inner and an outer surface and a perforated bottom side 203 having an upper and a lower surface.
  • the perforations in the middle part’s bottom side 203 include: a single or a multitude of air passageways 204 from which air from said middle part’s 200 inner vicinity is allowed to pass through; a single or a multitude of air passageways 206 from which ambient air is allowed to pass into said middle part’s 200 inner vicinity; and a number of screw clearance holes 205, corresponding to the number of fasteners 700, which allow said fasteners 700 to pass through said middle part’s bottom side 203 with a normal screw clearance.
  • the air passageways 204 from which air from said middle part’s 200 inner vicinity is allowed to pass through will comprise only a single hole placed in the middle of the middle part’s bottom side 203 whose area is equal or less than the total area of the air passageways 104 in the above mentioned top part’s bottom side 103.
  • the middle part 200 that is directly below the top part 100 will have said air passageways 204 from which air from said middle part’s 200 inner vicinity is allowed to pass through only comprising a single hole placed in the middle of the middle part’s bottom side 203 whose area is equal or less than the total area of the air passageways 104 in the above mentioned top part’s bottom side 103.
  • Having the area of the single hole 204 equal or less than the total area of the perforations 104 ensures a complete heating air premixing across all of its streamlines before it reaching the tobacco.
  • part of said air will come in close proximity of the charcoals 800 surface whose temperature can reach 1100°C, while another fraction of the air will pass at a relatively far distance from the heating charcoals’ 800 surface.
  • the air passing through the perforations 104 will have a non-uniform temperature across its streamlines; the streamlines’ temperatures can vary from 500°C to 70°C. For this reason it is imperative to homogenize the temperatures of all the air’s streamlines before it reaching the tobacco, which is done by pre-mixing said heating air.
  • the water pipe head is further comprised of a bottom part 300 which in turns is made up of a top side 301 which is intended to be hermetically connected to the middle part’s bottom side 203; a circumferential side 302 having an inner and an outer surface; a perforated bottom side 303 having an upper and a lower surface; and an extension of the bottom part’s circumferential side 300a which is intended to be hermetically connected to the waterpipe’s air intake located on top of its stem.
  • the perforations in the bottom part’s bottom side 303 include: a single or a multitude of air passageways 304 from which air from said bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity is allowed to pass through and, tobacco placed on top of the bottom part’s bottom side 303, is not allowed to pass.
  • the hermetic connection of the bottom part’s top side 301 to the middle part’s bottom side 203 is non-permanent. Said connection can be improved by the usage of a flexible gasket sandwiched between the bottom part’s top side 301 and the middle part’s bottom side 203.
  • the water pipe head may be further comprised of a variable air intake cover 900-901 which in turns is made up of a top part 900 which includes: a top perforated side 900b having an upper and a lower surface, a circumferential side 900a having an outer and an inner surface and handles 900c protruding from said circumferential side 900a; a bottom part 901 which includes: a top perforated side 901b having an upper and a lower surface and a circumferential side 901a having an inner and an outer surface.
  • variable air intake cover’s bottom part 901 is designed in a way, that its circumferential side’s 901a outer surface and its top part circumferential side’s 900a inner surface have a loose running clearance fit between them.
  • the variable air intake cover’s top part top side’s 900b lower surface will rest on its bottom part top side’s 901b upper surface while allowing the two to freely rotate with respect to one another.
  • variable air intake cover’s top part 900 will have a hole 900bh drilled in its center. Said center hole 900bh will be drilled in a manner to have a loose running clearance fit between it and the hollow cylinder 400.
  • the variable air intake cover’s bottom part 901 will also have a hole 901bh drilled in its center. Said center hole 901bh will be drilled in a manner to have a loose running clearance fit between itself and the hollow cylinder 400.
  • variable air intake cover 900-901 is used in conjunction with the perforations 206 found in the middle part’s bottom side 203.
  • the air intake area leading to the top part bottom side’s perforations 104 can be varied, which allows the user to control the amount of air reaching the above-mentioned perforations 104.
  • the above-mentioned perforations 206 will compensate for the restricted air flow caused by the variable air intake cover 900-901 by allowing ambient air to flow through them into the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity.
  • the temperature of the air passing through the perforation 204 to be controlled by varying the air intake area of the cover 900-901; the temperature is controlled independently of the charcoals’ 800 constant surface temperature which enable the user to replace the heating charcoals’ with an electric heating element whose temperature is kept constant and equal to the charcoals’ 800 surface temperature.
  • the temperature control is rendered much simpler since it does not rely on the heating element’s surface temperature and its thermal mass and it does not need to compensate for the entire unit’s thermal mass.
  • the response of the temperature control’s input, whether it was manual or automatic, is faster since it relies on mixing air rather than changing a heating element’s surface temperature.
  • FIGS.9-10 a cross section of a different embodiment of the current invention is shown.
  • the current embodiment represents the simplest form of the waterpipe head guarantying proper operation.
  • FIGS.9-10 there is shown a variation of the waterpipe head comprised of a top part 100 which in turns is made up of a top side 101; a circumferential side 102 having an inner and an outer surface and a perforated bottom side 103 having an upper and a lower surface.
  • the perforations in the top part’s bottom side 103 include: a multitude of air passageways 104 from which air heated by the charcoals 800 is allowed to pass through and a middle hole to secure the fastener 900a to the top part’s bottom side 103.
  • the top part 100 includes a mesh 500 which will be placed on top and offset from the top part’s bottom side 103 upper surface.
  • the mesh 500 includes reinforcing structural members and offsetting extrusions 500a.
  • the offsetting extrusions 500a are needed since there are no fasteners on which the mesh 500 is placed in order to offset said mesh 500 from the top part’s bottom side 103.
  • the top part 100 further includes a screw 900a which is fixated in the middle of its bottom part 103 by the means of a holding nut 900c, and said screw 900a protrudes beyond the middle part bottom side’s 203 lower surface.
  • a heat damper 900 which is sandwiched between two holding nuts 900b.
  • the water pipe head is further comprised of a middle part 200 which in turns is made up of a top side 201 which is intended to be hermetically connected to the top part’s bottom side 103; a circumferential side 202 having an inner and an outer surface and a perforated bottom side 203 having an upper and a lower surface.
  • the perforations in the middle part’s bottom side 203 include; a single hole placed in the middle of the middle part’s bottom side 203, inside which the fastener 900a passes through, whose area is equal or less than the total area of the air passageways 104 in the above-mentioned top part’s bottom side 103
  • the middle part’s top side 201 is to be permanently joined to the top part’s bottom side 103.
  • Friction welding is a good example of a joining process that can permanently bond said middle part’s top side 201, to the top part’s bottom side 103.
  • the water pipe head is further comprised of a bottom part 300 which in turns is made up of a top side 301 which is intended to be hermetically connected to the middle part’s bottom side 203; a circumferential side 302 having an inner and an outer surface; a perforated bottom side 303 having an upper and a lower surface; and an extension of the bottom part’s circumferential side 300a which is intended to be hermetically connected to the waterpipe’s air intake located on top of its stem.
  • the perforations in the bottom part’s bottom side 303 include: a single or a multitude of air passageways 304 from which air from said bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity is allowed to pass through and tobacco placed on top of the bottom part’s bottom side 303 is not allowed to pass.
  • the hermetic connection of the bottom part’s top side 301 to the middle part’s bottom side 203 is non-permanent. Said connection can be improved by the usage of a gasket sandwiched between the bottom part’s top side 301 and the middle part’s bottom side 201.
  • the tip of the temperature sensor 600a should not be extended in a manner as to overlap the path of the heat damper 900, during the removal of the middle part 200 and top part 100.
  • the tip of the temperature sensor 600a should be placed between the lower surface of the heat damper 900, and the tobacco’s tl upper surface and in the case of adding glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body, above said glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body si, in order to ensure the proper reading of the airflow’s temperature passing inside the bottom part’s 300 vicinity.
  • the radial positioning of the sensor 600a with respect to the bottom part’s circumferential side 302 does not affect the temperature reading of the tobacco heating airflow’s temperature since its temperature is homogeneous across all its streamlines.
  • the heat damper 900 also plays the role of a heat source during idle times to heat up convection currents induced inside the bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity, in order to keep the tobacco’s temperature stable at idle; the heat damper 900 is heated during aspiration by the airflow passing through the perforation 204, and later is cooled by the above-mentioned convection currents induced inside the bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity during idle times.
  • the extrusions 500a found on the lower surface of the mesh 500 function as an offset mechanism between the top part lower side’s 103 upper surface and the mesh 500.
  • the offset ensures that no conduction heat transfer occurs between the coals placed on top of the mesh 500, and the top part lower side’s 103, upper surface. Said offset also creates a channel for the convection currents induced inside the top part’s 100 inner vicinity, to pass between the top part lower side’s 103 upper surface and the mesh 500.
  • the mesh 300ab serves the purpose of holding the tobacco in a manner where it does not touch the bottom part bottom side’s 303 upper surface. This is necessary to allow the heating airflow to heat the bottom side of the tobacco and allows the above-mentioned convection currents induced inside the bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity to infiltrate the tobacco. The heating process of the tobacco during startup is also accelerated since the conduction heat transfer between the tobacco and the bottom part bottom side’s 303 upper surface is inhibited.
  • the offset between the mesh 300ab and the bottom part bottom side’s 303 upper surface is accomplished by extrusions in either the mesh 300ab or the bottom part bottom side’s 303 upper surface.
  • FIGS.11-12 there is shown a variation of the waterpipe head comprised of a top part 100 which in turns is made up of a top side 101; a circumferential side 102 having an inner and an outer surface and a perforated bottom side 103 having an upper and a lower surface.
  • the perforations in the top part’s bottom side 103 include: a multitude of air passageways 104 from which air heated by the charcoals 800 is allowed to pass through;
  • the top part 100 includes a mesh 500 which will be placed on top and offset from the top part bottom side’s 103 upper surface.
  • the mesh 500 includes reinforcing structural members and offsetting extrusions 500a.
  • the water pipe head is further comprised of a bottom part 300 which in turns is made up of a top side 301 which is intended to be hermetically connected to the top part’s bottom side 103; a circumferential side 302 having an inner and an outer surface, said circumferential side 302 is split in two portions to allow the administration of the tobacco’s body tl and in the case of using one, the glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body si; a perforated bottom side 303 having an upper and a lower surface; and an extension of the bottom part’s circumferential side 300a which is intended to be hermetically connected to the waterpipe’s air intake located on top of its stem.
  • the perforations in the bottom part’s bottom side 303 include: a single or a multitude of air passageways 304 from which air from said bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity is allowed to pass through and tobacco placed on top of the bottom part’s bottom side 303 is not allowed to pass.
  • the hermetic connection of the bottom part’s top side 301 to the top part’s bottom side 103 is nonpermanent. Said connection can be improved by the usage of a gasket sandwiched between the bottom part’s top side 301 and the top part’s bottom side 103.
  • the bottom part further includes air mixing plates 302a that are fixed to its circumferential side 302.
  • the air mixing plates 302a also act as heat dampers.
  • the air flow which passes through the top part bottom side’s perforations 104 does not exhibit a homogenous temperature across its streamlines. This is due to the fact that some streamlines of the air flow come in close proximity from the heating charcoals’ 800 surface while others pass at a distance from the heating charcoals’ 800 surface.
  • the non-homogeneity in the above- mentioned airflow streamlines’ temperature will locally heat the tobacco to temperatures above 350°C.
  • air mixing plates 302a are needed to homogenize the airflow’s temperature across all its streamlines before reaching the tobacco’s body tl and in the case of using one, glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body si.
  • the temperature sensor 600a is located below the surface of the lowest air mixing baffle 302a and above the upper surface of the tobacco tl and in the case of adding glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body, above said glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body si.
  • the radial positioning of the sensor 600a with respect to the bottom part’s circumferential side 302 does not affect the temperature reading of the tobacco heating airflow’s temperature since its temperature is homogeneous across all its streamlines.
  • the bottom part 300 is further comprised of a top extension 301a that links the bottom part’s circumferential side 302 to its top side 301.
  • the extension 301a allows the bottom part’s top side 301 to have a different inner diameter than its circumferential side 302. This is necessary to allow the entirety of the heated airflow’s streamlines to pass through the bottom part’s 300 vicinity.
  • FIGS.13-14 there is shown a variation of the waterpipe head comprised of a top part 100 which in turns is made up of a top side 101; a circumferential side 102 having an inner and an outer surface and a perforated bottom side 103 having an upper and a lower surface.
  • the perforations in the top part’s bottom side 103 include: a multitude of air passageways 104 from which air heated by the charcoals 800 is allowed to pass through;
  • the top part 100 includes a mesh 500 which will be placed on top and offset from the top part bottom side’s 103 upper surface.
  • the mesh 500 includes reinforcing structural members and offsetting extrusions 500a.
  • the Top part further includes a cylindrical extension 103a, which is made up of a top side 103ab which originates from the top part’s bottom side 103; a circumferential side 103ac having an inner and an outer surface; a bottom side 103ad; and air mixing plates 103ae that are fixed to the top part extension circumferential side’s 103ac inner surface.
  • a cylindrical extension 103a which is made up of a top side 103ab which originates from the top part’s bottom side 103; a circumferential side 103ac having an inner and an outer surface; a bottom side 103ad; and air mixing plates 103ae that are fixed to the top part extension circumferential side’s 103ac inner surface.
  • the water pipe head is further comprised of a bottom part 300 which in turns is made up of a top side 301 which is intended to be hermetically connected to the top part’s bottom side 103; a circumferential side 302 having an inner and an outer surface; a perforated bottom side 303 having an upper and a lower surface; and an extension of the bottom part’s circumferential side 300a which is intended to be hermetically connected to the waterpipe’s air intake located on top of its stem.
  • the perforations in the bottom part’s bottom side 303 include: a single or a multitude of air passageways 304 from which air from said bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity is allowed to pass through and tobacco placed on top of the bottom part’s bottom side 303 is not allowed to pass.
  • the hermetic connection of the bottom part’s top side 301 to the top part’s bottom side 103 is nonpermanent. Said connection can be improved by the usage of a gasket sandwiched between the bottom part’s top side 301 and the top part’s bottom side 103.
  • the extension 103a is designed in a way to fit inside the bottom part’s circumferential side 302; the circumferential side of top part extension’s 103ac outer surface and the bottom part circumferential side’ s 302 inner surface are machined in a way to have a loose running fit between them.
  • the air mixing plates 302a also act as heat dampers.
  • the extension 103a has a cylindrical shape in order to fit inside the bottom part’s 300 cylindrical shaped vicinity; the extension’s 103a geometrical form follows the geometrical form of the bottom part’s circumferential side 302.
  • the temperature sensor 600a is located below the surface of the lowest air mixing baffle 103ae and above the upper surface of the tobacco tl and in the case of adding glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body, above said glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body si.
  • the radial positioning of the sensor 600a with respect to the bottom part’s circumferential side 302 and the top part’s extension 103a does not affect the temperature reading of the tobacco heating airflow’s temperature since its temperature is homogeneous across all its streamlines.
  • FIGS.15-16 there is shown a variation of the waterpipe head comprised of a top part 100 which in turns is made up of a top side 101; a circumferential side 102 having an inner and an outer surface and a perforated bottom side 103 having an upper and a lower surface.
  • the perforations in the top part’s bottom side 103 include: a multitude of air passageways 104 from which air heated by the charcoals 800 is allowed to pass through; and, in case of using a non-permanent bonding method, a number of screw clearance holes corresponding to the number of fasteners which allow said fasteners to pass through said top part’s bottom side 103 with a normal screw clearance.
  • the top part 100 may further include a mesh 500 which will be placed on top and offset from the top part’s bottom side 103 upper surface.
  • the mesh 500 may further include reinforcing structural members.
  • the water pipe head is further comprised of a first middle part 200 which in turns is made up of a top side 201 which is intended to be hermetically connected to the top part’s bottom side 103; a circumferential side 202 having an inner and an outer surface and a perforated bottom side 203 having an upper and a lower surface.
  • the perforations in the first middle part’s bottom side 203 include: a single air passageway 204, whose area is equal or less than the total area of the air passageways 104 in the above mentioned top part’s bottom side 103, from which air from said middle part’s 200 inner vicinity is allowed to pass through; and, in case of using a non-permanent bonding method, a number of screw clearance holes corresponding to the number of fasteners which allow said fasteners to pass through said first middle part’ s bottom side 203 with a normal screw clearance.
  • the water pipe head is further comprised of a second middle part 200a which in turns is made up of a top side 201a which is intended to be hermetically connected to the first middle part’s bottom side 203; a circumferential side 202a having an inner and an outer surface and a perforated bottom side 203a having an upper and a lower surface.
  • the perforations in the second middle part’s bottom side 203a include: a multitude of air passageways 204a from which air from said middle part’s 200a inner vicinity is allowed to pass through; and, in case of using a non-permanent bonding method, a number of screw clearance holes corresponding to the number of fasteners which allow said fasteners to pass through said second middle part’s bottom side 203a with a normal screw clearance.
  • the water pipe head is further comprised of a bottom part 300 which in turns is made up of a top side 301 which is intended to be hermetically connected to the second middle part’s bottom side 203a; a circumferential side 302 having an inner and an outer surface; a bottom side 303 having an upper and a lower surface.
  • the perforations in the bottom part’s bottom side 303 include: a single or a multitude of air passageways 304 from which air from said bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity is allowed to pass through.
  • the hermetic connection of the bottom part’s top side 301 to the second middle part’s bottom side 203a is non-permanent. Said connection can be improved by the usage of a flexible gasket sandwiched between the bottom part’s top side 301 and the second middle part’s bottom 203a.
  • the main organic compound used in a waterpipe is mu’assel.
  • Mu'assel is dried tobacco leaves mixed with: vegetable glycerol or a mixture of vegetable glycerol and propylene glycol; molasses or honey; and flavoring components. Nicotine, molasses and the mu’assel flavorings are soluble in glycerol or propylene glycol.
  • the most common mu’assel flavors are lemon and mint, or apple.
  • FIG. 21 there is shown a graph that shows the onset temperature at which Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde and Acrolein begin to be emitted from the thermal degradation of Propylene Glycol; this temperature corresponds to 205°C .
  • Another graph shows the onset temperature at which Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde and Acrolein begin to be emitted from the thermal degradation of a 1 : 1 ratio mixture of Glycerol and Propylene Glycol; this temperature corresponds to 205°C .
  • FIG. 22 there is shown two graphs that show the onset temperature at which Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde and Acrolein begin to be emitted from the thermal degradation of Glycerol; this temperature corresponds to 205°C .
  • Most waterpipe tobacco manufacturers state that the main humectant used in their tobacco blends is Glycerin.
  • Glycerin is a generic name for Glycerol.
  • Evaporation is a type of vaporization that takes place on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. It takes place at a temperature lower than the vapor pressure or boiling point of the liquid being vaporized; 290°C for glycerol.
  • Evaporation is used, and not vaporization because, as stated above, glycerol transforms into carcinogenic substances at temperatures higher than 205°C.
  • Evaporation of glycerol below a temperature of 205°C is possible if the volumetric flow rate of air passing over the glycerol’s surface is increased, if the air flow velocity passing over the glycerol’s surface is increased, if the pressure of the air above the glycerol surface is reduced and if the temperature of liquid glycerol is increased.
  • the evaporation adaptation coefficient a which is determined experimentally, is affected by the flow velocity passing over the fluid phase surface. So, by increasing the fluid flow velocity, the evaporation adaptation coefficient a value’s increase thus also causing an increase in the evaporation flux j m .
  • the decrease in the glycerol’s liquid phase temperature Ti which is present on the tobacco leaves, is partly accomplished by the heat transfer across the bottom part’s circumferential side 302.
  • the fluid phase saturation pressure P s corresponding to the liquid phase temperature Ti is increased.
  • the increase in the glycerol’s vapor phase temperature T v is accomplished by the heat added from the oxidation of the charcoals.
  • the decrease in the glycerol’s vapor phase pressure P v is accomplished by increasing the flow velocity passing between the stacked tobacco leaves whose outer surface is enveloped by glycerol in the liquid phase.
  • the heat source utilized to evaporate glycerol and its dissolved components is carbon in the form of charcoal cubes 800.
  • the convective heat transfer power from the charcoals 800 can be calculated by approximating the 6 sides of each charcoal, which the incoming air flow fl passes over their outer surfaces, as flat plates.
  • Ts - Too [2] where q c represents the convective heat transfer power in (V ), h represents the heat transfer coefficient in , A represents the area of the plate in (m 2 ), Teo represents the ambient air temperature in (°C) and Ts represents the temperature of the plate’s surface in (°C);
  • Td [8] where c p is the specific heat capacity of air in all air properties that are temperature dependent are to be used at the film temperature
  • a t s 2 * 6 * nc [10] where s represents the length of the charcoal 800 cube’s side in (m) and n c represents the total number of charcoals 800.
  • the average human being has a PIFR, which is short for Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate, equal to 8 L/s.
  • the PIFR value while using a shisha is lower than QL/s due to the different flow restrictions found in the shisha’ s air paths, but the QL/s value will be used for the calculations.
  • the average inspiratory flow rate, or AIFR for short, while using a water pipe is around 2.5 L/s.
  • the average inspiratory flow rate while using a water pipe varies from person to person depending on their smoking style and physiology, for this reason a range of 2L /s to 4L /s is to be adopted.
  • the amount of power in (VF)needed to heat a certain gas to a certain temperature Ta at constant pressure is calculated as:
  • the mass flow rate m can be calculated; Having m, the heat power P can be found.
  • the value of q is calculated considering a certain incoming air flow’s fl air velocity. The value of q is conservative since it doesn’t take into account the added turbulence formed by the wake on the bottom side of each charcoal 800 and the nonlinear flow on the top side.
  • An additional source of heat is the top plate bottom side’s upper surface 103 which is heated by radiative heat transfer from the charcoals 800 placed on top of it and offset from it due to the presence of the mesh 500.
  • the radiative heat transfer from the charcoal cubes 800 is calculated using the bottom side of said cubes.
  • the radiative heat transfer between the charcoals 800 and the top plate bottom side’s upper surface 103 can be estimated by considering the bottom of the charcoal and the above- mentioned surface as two parallel plates.
  • the radiative heat transfer is calculated as follows: where el is a dimensionless number which represents the surface emissivity of the charcoals 800, e2 is a dimensionless number which represents the surface emissivity of the top plate bottom side’s upper surface 103, Al is the bottom surface area of all the charcoals 800 in (m 2 ), A2 is the surface area of the top plate bottom side’s upper surface 103 in V, F12 is a dimensionless number which represents the view factor from the bottom surface area of all the charcoals 800 to the surface area of the top plate bottom side’s upper surface 103, T1 represents the temperature of the bottom surface area of the charcoals 800 in (°K), T2 represents the temperature of the top plate bottom side’s upper surface 103 in (°K For a given charcoal cube side length and a number charcoal cubes, a top plate bottom side
  • the embodiment shows a single hollow cylinder 400 fixated in the middle of the top part’s perforated bottom side 103, by the means of a hollow threaded screw 400a.
  • the hollow cylinder’s function during aspiration is to channel ambient air 13 from its inlet 401 to the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity through its outlet 402.
  • the perforations 104, located in the top part’s perforated bottom side 103, are responsible for administering the heated air fla by the charcoals 800 to the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity.
  • the air temperature of the airflow f3a, that exits the hollow cylinder’s outlet 402 is higher than the ambient air temperature. This is due to the hollow cylinder 400 being exposed to radiative heat transfer from the charcoals 800.
  • the radiative heat transfer’s power from said charcoals 800 to said hollow cylinder 400 can be varied by varying the radial distance between said charcoals 800 and the hollow cylinder 400.
  • the heated air fla will be mixed with the administered air f3a in addition to the ambient air flow f2 passing through the air intake holes 206 located in the middle part’s bottom side 203, inside the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity.
  • the resulting air flow’s f4 temperature should not exceed the 205°C limit.
  • the diameter as well as the number of the perforations 104, the diameter of the hollow cylinder’s outlet 402 and the diameter as well as the number of the air intake holes 206 should be calculated to respectively vary the flow rate of the air administered by the hollow cylinder f3a, flow rate of the air administered by the top part’s bottom side’s perforations fla and the flow rate of the air administered by the ambient air intake holes located in the middle part’s bottom side f2. Varying the above-mentioned flow rates whose temperatures differ from one another will ensure that the temperature of the air flow reaching the tobacco f4, does not exceed the 205°C limit.
  • the heated air fla that passed through the top part bottom side’s perforations 104 will not have a uniform temperature distribution across all its streamlines. This is due to the fact that the heating charcoals 800 do not cover the entirety of the top part top side’s perforations 104; the airflow fl passing through the top part top side’s perforations 104 has some of its streamlines passing in close proximity from the heating charcoals’ 800 surface while other pass at a distance from the said the heating charcoals’ 800 surface.
  • the ratio of air at ambient temperature that should be mixed with the charcoal 800 heated air is calculated as:
  • tf4 represents the temperature of the air flow f4 reaching the tobacco in (°C); rhfi a ( — 1; tfia represents the temperature of the air flow fla in (°C); C P fi a represents the specific heat of the air flow fla at temperature
  • the volumetric air flow rate through an orifice is calculated as: where C is a dimensionless number which represents the discharge coefficient of the orifice which is found experimentally; pi represents the absolute pressure of the incoming air into the orifice in (kPa) pi represents the absolute pressure of the outgoing air from the orifice in (kPa) d 0 represents the diameter of the orifice in (m) ; F y is a dimensionless number which represents the specific heat ratio factor which is equal to the specific heat ration/1.4; and XT represents the pressure differential ratio factor which is experimentally determined and represents the difference in pressure between the inlet and exit at chocking conditions.
  • C is a dimensionless number which represents the discharge coefficient of the orifice which is found experimentally
  • pi represents the absolute pressure of the incoming air into the orifice in (kPa)
  • pi represents the absolute pressure of the outgoing air from the orifice in (kPa)
  • d 0 represents the diameter of the orifice in (m)
  • F y is
  • h represents the head loss in the hollow cylinder 400 in (Pa);
  • v represents the flow’s 13 volumetric flow rate in 1 — I;
  • s represents the hollow cylinder 400 inner surface’s effective roughness which is to be determined based on the type of material used;
  • g represents the
  • Equations [18] and [19] are to be solved simultaneously for each given hollow cylinder’s 400 diameter D, since they represent a system of two equations and two unknowns.
  • the inner diameter of the hollow screw 400a is considered to be equal to the hollow cylinder’s 400 inner diameter for the calculation’s simplifications. If the construction of the hollow cylinder/hollow screw 400/400a assembly requires the hollow screw’s 400a inner diameter to be more than 1mm smaller than the diameter of the hollow cylinder 400, then equations [18] and [19] should be applied separately to both the hollow cylinder 400 and the hollow screw 400a.
  • Equations [18], [19] and [20] are to be solved simultaneously for each given hollow cylinder’s 400 diameter D and corresponding hollow screw’s 400a diameter, since they represent a system of three equations and three unknowns.
  • the total amount of heating power transferred from the charcoals 800 and from the top part bottom side’s 103 upper surface to the incoming airflow fl is qt. This value as discussed above is conservative.
  • Option 2 allows the shisha head to autoregulate its temperature by adapting to the user’s aspiration airflow rate, given a constant charcoal 800 size and placement, and a constant ambient air temperature. This is accomplished by varying the volumetric flow rate of cooling air from the airflows f2 and f3a proportionally with respect to the volumetric flow rate of f4 which represents the user’s aspiration volumetric airflow rate.
  • equation [17] it is clear that the flow rate passing through an orifice Q a is proportional to . Which means that beyond a certain threshold, the volumetric flow rate of the cooling air from the airflows f2 and f3a, is directly proportional to the volumetric flow rate of heated air fla.
  • the volumetric flow rate of the cooling air from the airflows f2 and f3a becomes non linearly related to the volumetric flow rate of heated air fla; by increasing the volumetric flow rate of f4, the increase in the volumetric flow rate of airflow fla is less than the increase of the volumetric flow rate of airflows f3a and f2 given that the orifice diameter of airflows f3a and f2 is larger than the orifice diameter of fla. Therefore, beyond the above-mentioned threshold, the diameter and number of perforations 104, the diameter and number of perforations 206 and the diameter of the outlet 402, are the controlling factors of the temperature of airflow f4.
  • the velocity of airflow f4 also affects the temperature of f4, since changing the velocity of f4 requires changing the pressure p2.
  • the above-mentioned threshold is designed to be X% less than the PIFR, which is short for Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate, the user will be able to cool down the tobacco by increasing the aspiration flow rate to 100 — X% of the user’s maximum aspiration flow rate (PIFR).
  • Tn a represents the temperature of the charcoal 800 heated airflow in (°C)
  • Tn a can be found using equation [11], and replacing P by the conservative value of qt.
  • FIG.2, FIG.3, FIG.7 and FIG.18 the different airflow paths during idle are shown.
  • the airflow f5 enters through the offset between, the top part’s circumferential side’s 102 inner surface and the top cover’s static part 901 circumferential side’s 901a inner surface, in order to cool and mix with the air in the offset between, the top part’s bottom side’s 103 upper surface and the mesh 500, and then exists from the top cover’s 900/901 openings as airflow f5a. during idle, the airflow passing through the hollow cylinder 400 and its respective holding hollow screw 400a reverses direction.
  • Air within the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity enters through the hollow cylinder’s outlet 402 as airflow 17 and exists through its inlet 401 as airflow 17a.
  • the airflow inside the hollow cylinder 400 happens without user input due to the stack effect.
  • the stack effect is due to the difference in pressure between the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity and the ambient air; the air inside the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity is hotter than the ambient air which causes their respective temperatures to be different as stated by the ideal gas law.
  • C is a dimensionless number representing the hollow cylinder inlet’s 401 discharge coefficient
  • A represents the hollow cylinder’s 400 cross sectional area in (m 2 ); g represents the acceleration of gravity which equals to 9.81(— ); h represents the hollow cylinder’s height in (m) Tirepresents the air’s average temperature inside the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity in GO;
  • T o represents the ambient air’ s temperature in (/ ⁇ );
  • the airflow f6 is induced due to the difference between its density and the ambient air’s density. Airflow f6 is heated by the charcoals 800 which increases its temperature thus increasing its density as stated by the ideal gas law. The airflow f6 originates from the air inside the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity which passes through the top part bottom side’s perforations 104 and mesh 500, gets heated and exits through the top cover’s 900-901 openings as flow f6a.
  • the airflow 12 enters through the middle part’s air intakes 206 into the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity.
  • the flow 12 is induced by the above-mentioned lower air pressure the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity.
  • Convection currents g2 are induced by the heat transfer from the air inside the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity to the ambient air by the means of the middle part’s circumferential side 202, the heat transfer from the air inside the middle part’ s 200 inner vicinity to the ambient air by the means of the middle part’ s bottom side 203, the heat transfer from the air inside the bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity to the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity by the means of the middle part’s bottom side 203 and the heat transfer from the air inside the offset between, the top part’s bottom side’s 103 upper surface and the mesh 500, to the air inside the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity.
  • Convection currents gl are induced by the heat transfer from the air inside the bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity to the middle part’s 200 inner vicinity by the means of the middle part’s bottom side 203 and by the heat transfer from the air inside the bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity to the ambient air by the means of the bottom part’s circumferential side 302 and the heat transfer from the tobacco’s body to the air inside the bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity.
  • Convection currents gl do not leave the bottom part’s 300 inner vicinity thus keeping the tobacco and vapors at a temperature slightly lower than the airflow’s f4 temperature.
  • caramelization is the browning of sugar, a process used extensively in cooking for the resulting sweet nutty flavor and brown color.
  • the brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: caramelans (C24H36O18), caramelens (C36H50O25), and caramelins (CnsHissOso).
  • caramelans C24H36O18
  • caramelens C36H50O25
  • caramelins CnsHissOso
  • volatile chemicals such as diacetyl are released, producing the characteristic caramel flavor [2] .
  • the caramelization temperatures of some common sugars are as follows: Fructose, 110°C; Galactose, 160°C; Glucose, 160°C; Sucrose, 160°C and Maltose, 180°C. [2]
  • the thin layer of glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body can be placed each time the charcoals are replaced (each Ihour), in order to decrease the volume of each placed layer so that it will not to affect the taste of the waterpipe’s smoke.
  • the glycerol’s holding body also acts as a filter to filter out the impurities if they are present in the charcoals.
  • the conventional tobacco blends can be replaced with blends that do not contain sugars, thus avoiding the caramelization of said sugars and blackening of the tobacco body.
  • the tobacco tl and the glycerol/propylene glycol solution and its holding body si can be placed inside a single capsule or two different capsules on top of each other. This allows the user to prepare the waterpipe without facing the risk of overpacking the tobacco si which restricts the airflow of the waterpipe. It also prevents the user from contaminating the temperature sensor with the tobacco tl or in the case of it being used, with the glycerol/propylene glycol solution and its holding body si causing the sensor to transmit an erroneous temperature reading.
  • a waterpipe head which inhibits the majority of carcinogenic emissions by evaporating, instead of vaporizing the contents of tobacco, at temperatures below 205°C, inhibits the charring of the sugars found in the tobacco by prolonging the caramelization process of said sugars which is accomplished by placing glycerol and/or propylene glycol solution and its holding body on the top surface of the tobacco’s body, filters out the impurities, if they are found in the heating charcoals, is capable of replacing conventional tobacco blends with blends that do not contain sugars, can adapt to each user’ s inspiration flow rate, can alert the user when the tobacco and/or tobacco heating air temperature reaches the 205°C limit, is capable of incorporating an automatic charcoal position adjustment system, can replace the tobacco with e-liquid and its holding body and can replace the heating charcoals with an electric heating element.

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  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Une tête de pipe à eau qui inhibe la majorité des émissions cancérigènes par évaporation, au lieu de vaporiser le contenu du tabac, à des températures inférieures à 205 °C, inhibe la carbonisation des sucres présents dans le tabac par prolongation du processus de caramélisation desdits sucres qui est accompli en plaçant une solution de glycérol et/ou de propylène glycol et son corps de maintien sur la surface supérieure du corps du tabac, filtre les impuretés s'ils sont présents dans les charbons de chauffage, permet de remplacer les mélanges de tabac classiques par des mélanges qui ne contiennent pas de sucres, peut s'adapter au débit d'inspiration de chaque utilisateur, peut alerter l'utilisateur lorsque la température de l'air de chauffage du tabac et/ou du tabac atteint la limite de 205 °C, permet d'incorporer un système de réglage de position de charbon automatique, peut remplacer le tabac par un e-liquide et son corps de maintien et peut remplacer les charbons de chauffage par un élément chauffant électrique.
PCT/EP2020/073743 2020-08-25 2020-08-25 Tête de pipe à eau WO2022042827A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2020/073743 WO2022042827A1 (fr) 2020-08-25 2020-08-25 Tête de pipe à eau

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2020/073743 WO2022042827A1 (fr) 2020-08-25 2020-08-25 Tête de pipe à eau

Publications (1)

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WO2022042827A1 true WO2022042827A1 (fr) 2022-03-03

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PCT/EP2020/073743 WO2022042827A1 (fr) 2020-08-25 2020-08-25 Tête de pipe à eau

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140182606A1 (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-03 Noy Lotringer Smoking device for smoking through a liquid
FR3060261A1 (fr) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-22 Thang Nguyen Chicha ou narguile perfectionne
FR3080976A1 (fr) * 2018-09-06 2019-11-15 Aries Dispositif pour fumer un materiau fumable
US20200093176A1 (en) * 2018-09-24 2020-03-26 HASC Corp. Water-pipe Bowl and Roller Device
WO2020152603A1 (fr) * 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Philip Morris Products S.A. Cartouche de narguilé à capuchon

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140182606A1 (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-03 Noy Lotringer Smoking device for smoking through a liquid
FR3060261A1 (fr) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-22 Thang Nguyen Chicha ou narguile perfectionne
FR3080976A1 (fr) * 2018-09-06 2019-11-15 Aries Dispositif pour fumer un materiau fumable
US20200093176A1 (en) * 2018-09-24 2020-03-26 HASC Corp. Water-pipe Bowl and Roller Device
WO2020152603A1 (fr) * 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Philip Morris Products S.A. Cartouche de narguilé à capuchon

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