WO2022036590A1 - Mechanism for prioritization of transmissions - Google Patents

Mechanism for prioritization of transmissions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022036590A1
WO2022036590A1 PCT/CN2020/110004 CN2020110004W WO2022036590A1 WO 2022036590 A1 WO2022036590 A1 WO 2022036590A1 CN 2020110004 W CN2020110004 W CN 2020110004W WO 2022036590 A1 WO2022036590 A1 WO 2022036590A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmission
probability
channel access
determination
accordance
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PCT/CN2020/110004
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ping-Heng Kuo
Tao Tao
Chunli Wu
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd.
Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy
Nokia Technologies Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd., Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy, Nokia Technologies Oy filed Critical Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN202080014989.5A priority Critical patent/CN114391288A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/110004 priority patent/WO2022036590A1/en
Publication of WO2022036590A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022036590A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/56—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria
    • H04W72/566—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
    • H04W72/569—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient of the traffic information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for prioritization of transmissions.
  • 5G communication has been proposed to enhance the capacity.
  • 5G communication system there are several scenarios, for example, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) , Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) , and Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) .
  • eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • URLLC Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications
  • mMTC Massive Machine Type Communications
  • a terminal device and a network device may need to work on an unlicensed band.
  • the terminal device may receive more than one transmission opportunities overlapping in time on the unlicensed band. Therefore, how to select a proper transmission opportunity is a very important aspect.
  • example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for prioritization of transmissions.
  • a first device comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program codes; the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first device to receive a first configuration indicating a first set of resources for a first transmission to the second device.
  • the first device is also caused to receive from the second device a second configuration indicating a second set of resources for a second transmission to the second device.
  • the first device is further caused to in accordance with a determination that the first set of resources at least partially overlap the second set of resource, determine a first probability of channel access or a first necessity of conducting listen-before-talk (LBT) for the first transmission and a second probability of channel access or a second necessity of conducting LBT for the second transmission.
  • the first device is also caused to determine whether the first transmission or the second transmission is to be performed based on the first probability or the first necessity and the second probability or the second necessity.
  • the first device is yet caused to perform the first transmission or the second transmission based on the determination.
  • a second device comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program codes; the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the second device to transmit to a first device a first configuration indicating a first set of resources for a first transmission with the second device.
  • the second device is further caused to transmit to the first device a second configuration indicating a second set of resources for a second transmission with the second device.
  • the second device is also caused to receive the first transmission or the second transmission based on a first probability of channel access or a first necessity of conducting listen-before-talk (LBT) for the first grant and a second probability of channel access or a second necessity of conducting LBT for the second grant.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • a method comprising receiving, at a first device, a first configuration indicating a first set of resources for a first transmission to a second device.
  • the method also comprises receiving, at the first device, a second configuration indicating a second set of resources for a second transmission to the second device.
  • the method further comprises in accordance with a determination that the first set of resources at least partially overlap the second set of resource, determining a first probability of channel access or a first necessity of conducting listen-before-talk (LBT) for the first transmission and a second probability of channel access or a second necessity of conducting LBT for the second transmission.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • the method yet comprises determining whether the first transmission or the second transmission is to be performed based on the first probability or the first necessity and the second probability or the second necessity.
  • the method further comprises performing the first transmission or the second transmission based on the determination.
  • a method comprising transmitting, at a second device and to a first device, a first configuration indicating a first set of resources for a first transmission to the second device.
  • the method also comprises transmitting to the first device a second configuration indicating a second set of resources for a second transmission to the second device.
  • the method further comprises receiving the first transmission or the second transmission based on a first probability of channel access or a first necessity of conducting listen-before-talk (LBT) for the first transmission and a second probability of channel access or a second necessity of conducting LBT for the second transmission.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • an apparatus comprising means for receiving, at a first device, a first configuration indicating a first set of resources for a first transmission to a second device; means for receiving, at the first device, a second configuration indicating a second set of resources for a second transmission to the second device; means for in accordance with a determination that the first set of resources at least partially overlap the second set of resource, determining a first probability of channel access or a first necessity of conducting listen-before-talk (LBT) for the first transmission and a second probability of channel access or a second necessity of conducting LBT for the second transmission; means for determining whether the first transmission or the second transmission is to be performed based on the first probability or the first necessity and the second probability or the second necessity; and means for performing the first transmission or the second transmission based on the determination.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • an apparatus comprising means for transmitting, at a second device and to a first device, a first configuration indicating a first set of resources for a first transmission to the second device; means for transmitting to the first device a second configuration indicating a second set of resources for a second transmission to the second device; and means for receiving the first transmission or the second transmission based on a first probability of channel access or a first necessity of conducting listen-before-talk (LBT) for the first transmission and a second probability of channel access or a second necessity of conducting LBT for the second transmission.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • a computer readable medium comprises program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to any one of the above third and fourth aspects.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a signaling flow for applying uplink channel information to determine data processing model deployed for downlink use according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second apparatus according to some other example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • references in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
  • first and second etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments.
  • the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
  • circuitry may refer to one or more or all of the following:
  • circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
  • the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on.
  • NR New Radio
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • HSPA High-Speed Packet Access
  • NB-IoT Narrow Band Internet of Things
  • the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the future fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • suitable generation communication protocols including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the future fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the a
  • the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom.
  • the network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated and Access Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and
  • terminal device refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication.
  • a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) .
  • UE user equipment
  • SS Subscriber Station
  • MS Mobile Station
  • AT Access Terminal
  • the terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and/or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and/
  • a UE may receive more than one transmission opportunities overlapping in time on the unlicensed band. Therefore, how to select a proper transmission opportunity is a very important aspect.
  • Most of Release-16 features introduced for Industrial Internet of Thing (IIoT) /URLLC use cases are developed under assumptions of licensed band operation, the feasibility of these features in unlicensed band should be considered, as their usefulness should be re-assessed due to potential listen-before-talk (LBT) failure in unlicensed spectrum.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • Intra-UE prioritization has been discussed extensively in Release-16, which deals with situations where the UE has two or more transmission opportunities with their resources (e.g. physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) overlapping in time.
  • resources e.g. physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • PUCCH physical uplink control channel
  • a UE should only process one of the colliding transmission opportunities, for example, constructing a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and instructing a physical (PHY) layer to transmit it.
  • PDU MAC Protocol Data Unit
  • PHY physical
  • the MAC layer should take the following aspects into account when selecting the transmission opportunity.
  • the decision should be made based on which conflicting grant would carry data with higher logical channel (LCH) priority.
  • LCH logical channel
  • Only the grant of which transport block (TB) can be transmitted by PHY should be considered. For instance, if there is already an on-going transmission in PHY, the MAC PDU may not be processed by PHY due to feasibility issues even if it carries higher priority data. In this case, the MAC should refrain from generating MAC PDU the corresponding grant in spite of its higher priority.
  • New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) communication systems almost all transmissions are constrained by LBT mechanisms, which means that the transmissions can only be conducted if and only if a radio channel has been sensed to be clear. Therefore, the transmitter may have to deal with a lot of uncertainties about whether a TB will be transmitted on the scheduled PUSCH. By taking this into account, it may end up an unexpected situation for intra-UE prioritization, as the transmission opportunity selected by the MAC based on LCH priority could be eventually halted at PHY due to LBT failure. It is also worth noting that, since LCH restrictions are semi-statically configured while LBT failure are dynamic, it is impossible to always align the highest priority data always be sent on the ones without LBT failure. Therefore, one cannot guarantee that higher priority data (e.g. URLLC) can be sent more rapidly, while the resource of the de-prioritized (unselected) transmission opportunity is wasted.
  • higher priority data e.g. URLLC
  • a first device receives a plurality of transmission opportunities from a second device. If resources of the plurality of transmissions collide, the first device determines probabilities for accessing channels of the plurality of transmission opportunities. The first device selects the transmission opportunity by taking the probabilities for accessing channels into consideration. In this way, it improves efficiency by allowing the first device to consider prioritize the transmission opportunity with higher probability of LBT success, rather than merely considering data priority.
  • the transmission opportunity may be referred to a resource allocation for data transmission (e.g. a dynamic grant or a configured grant) or for control signal transmission (e.g. a PUCCH) .
  • data transmission e.g. a dynamic grant or a configured grant
  • control signal transmission e.g. a PUCCH
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a communication environment 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
  • the communication environment 100 which is a part of a communication network, further comprises a device 110-1, a device 110-2, . . . ., a device 110-N, which can be collectively referred to as “first device (s) 110. ”
  • the communication environment 100 comprises a second device 120 and a third device 130.
  • the first device 110 and the second device 120 can communicate with each other.
  • the communication environment 100 may comprise any suitable number of devices and cells.
  • the first device 110 and the second device 120 can communicate data and control information to each other.
  • a link from the second device 120 to the first device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL)
  • a link from the first device 110 to the second device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) .
  • the second device 120 and the first device 110 are interchangeable.
  • the communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices and networks adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Communications in the communication environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) and the fifth generation (5G) and on the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and/or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • s cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) and the fifth generation (5G) and on the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and/or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • IEEE Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and/or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple
  • DFT-s-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a signaling flow 200 for training a downlink data processing model with uplink channel information according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the signaling flow 200 may involve the first device 110-1 and the second device.
  • the second device 120 transmits 2005 a first configuration to the first device 110-1.
  • the first configuration at least indicates a first set of resources for a first transmission to the second device 120.
  • the second device 120 transmits 2010 a second configuration to the first device 110-1.
  • the second configuration at least indicates a second set of resources for a second transmission with the second device 120.
  • the second device 120 may transmit any suitable number of configurations to the first device 110-1. Only for the purpose of illustrations, embodiments of the present disclosure are described with the reference to two configurations.
  • the first configuration and the second configuration may be transmitted by other device which is different from the second device 120.
  • the other device such as, a network device
  • the first device 110-1 may perform the first and/or second transmission to the second device 120. If the first device 110-1 and the second device 120 are terminal devices, the first transmission and the second transmission may refer to Device-to-Device (D2D) transmissions. That is to say, the first and second configurations may comprise resource allocation for D2D communications. Only for the purpose of illustrations, embodiments are described with the reference to the situation where the first and second configurations are transmitted by the second device and the first and second transmissions are to the second device 120.
  • D2D Device-to-Device
  • the configuration may be resource allocation information from the second device 120 to the first device 110-1, such as a dynamic grant or a configured grant.
  • the grant may be Downlink Control Information (DCI) format 0.
  • the first configuration may comprise a first grant and the second configuration may comprise a second grant.
  • the grant may comprise a resource allocation which may indicate the set of resources for the corresponding transmission.
  • the grant may comprise other transmission-related information and parameters, for example, one or more of the followings: a modulation and coding sachem (MCS) , cyclic shift, a new data indicator, transmit power control, channel quality indicator request and the like.
  • MCS modulation and coding sachem
  • the second device 120 may transmit 2012 an indication concerning a type of the LBT of first transmission.
  • the indication may comprise the LBT type of the first transmission.
  • the indication may comprise the LBT type of the second transmission.
  • the indication may comprise the LBT type of the first transmission and the LBT type of the second transmission.
  • the type of LBT may be one of: a channel access type 2A, a channel access type 2B, or a channel access type 2C.
  • the type of LBT can comprise any suitable types.
  • the indication may be included in the configurations.
  • the second device 120 may also transmit 2015 information of channel occupancy time (COT) .
  • COT channel occupancy time
  • the channel occupancy time may refer to continuous transmission time after channel sensing.
  • the second device 120 may transmit 2020 to the first device 110-1 an indication at least indicating priorities of the grants.
  • the indication may comprise a first priority of the first grant and the second priority of the second grant.
  • the indication may also indicate which priority is higher.
  • the first device 110-1 may compare the first set of resources with the second set of resources to determine whether the first set of resources and the second set of resources overlap with each other.
  • the first set of resources may be fully overlapped with the second set of resources.
  • the first set of resources may be partially overlapped with the second set of resources.
  • the first set of resources and the second set of resources may partially overlap in time-domain while fully overlap in frequency-domain.
  • the first set of resources and the second set of resources may partially overlap in frequency-domain while fully overlap in time-domain.
  • the first set of resources and the second set of resources may partially overlap in both frequency-domain and time-domain.
  • the first set of resources and the second set of resources may not overlap in frequency domain but at least partially overlap in time domain.
  • the first device 110-1 determines 2025 a first probability for channel access of the first grant and determines 2030 a second probability for channel access of the second grant. For example, the first device 110-1 may determine whether the first probability is higher or lower than the second probability. If the first probability is higher than the second probability, it means that the first grant is with a high channel access probability. If the first probability is lower than the second probability, it means that the first grant is with a low channel probability. Alternatively or additionally, for either or both of the first and the second grants, the first device may device may determine whether a LBT procedure is needed in order to access the channel, rather than comparing the first and second probabilities.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine a first necessity of conducting LBT for the first transmission/grant and a second necessity of conducting LBT for the second transmission/grant. If the LBT procedure for the first transmission is unnecessary based on the first necessity and the LBT procedure for the second is necessary based on the second necessity, the first probability is higher than the second probability, which means the first transmission is to be performed. For example, if it is not necessary to conduct the LBT procedure for the first transmission, the first probability is 100%as the first transmission can use the channel for sure.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine that the first probability belongs to high channel access probability. In other words, if the LBT type of the first transmission is used for one of a channel access type 2A, a channel access type 2B, or a channel access type 2C, the first transmission is prioritized. Similarly, if the LBT type of the second transmission is used for one of: a channel access type 2A, a channel access type 2B, or a channel access type 2C, the first device 110-1 may determine that the second probability belongs to high channel access probability.
  • the channel access type of the first transmission is the channel access type 2C and the channel access type of the second transmission is any one of: the channel access type 2B, the channel access type 2A or the channel access type 1
  • the first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • the channel access type of the first transmission is the channel access type 1 and the channel access type of the second transmission is any one of: the channel access type 2C the channel access type 2B, or the channel access type 2A
  • the first probability is lower than the second probability.
  • the channel access type of the first transmission is the channel access type 2B and the channel access type of the second transmission is the channel access type 2A, the first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine that the first probability belongs to high channel access probability.
  • the second transmission can be performed within the COT of the second device 120
  • the first device 110-1 may determine that the second probability belongs to high channel access probability.
  • the first probability is higher than the second probability. In this situation, the first transmission is prioritized over the second transmission.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine that the first probability belongs to high channel access probability. For example, for consecutive transmission after the first device 110-1 access the channel, no separate LBT is required.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine that the second probability belongs to high channel access probability.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine the first probability and/or second probability based on whether the first transmission or second transmission is a part of a consecutive transmission in which channel access is already successful. In some embodiments, if the first transmission is at least a part of a consecutive transmission where channel access is already successful and the second transmission is inconsecutive transmission where channel access is already successful, the first device 110-1 may determine that first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • a transmission within the COT of the second device 120 has higher channel access probability than UE initiated frequentative decision feedback (FFB) , especially if COT has been detected.
  • the first device 110-1 may be in channel access procedures for semi-static channel occupancy. For example, when the first device 110-1 is in FBE operation, the first device 110-1 may determine whether the first transmission can be performed within the COT of the second device 120. If the first transmission can be performed within the COT, the first device 110-1 may determine that the first probability belongs to high channel access probability.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine whether the first transmission and the second transmission are able to be performed within a channel occupancy time of the second device 120. If the first transmission is able to be performed within the channel occupancy time and the second transmission is to be performed out of the channel occupancy time, the first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • the first device 110-1 determines 2033 whether the first transmission or the second transmission is to be performed based on at least the first probability or the first necessity and the second probability or the second necessity. For example, if the first probability is higher than the second probability, the first transmission can be performed. Alternatively, if the LBT for the first transmission is necessary and the LBT for the second transmission is unnecessary, the second transmission can be performed.
  • the first device 110-1 performs 2035 the first transmission or the second transmission based on the first probability and the second probability. For example, if neither of the first probability or the second probability is high channel access probability, the first device 110-1 may conduct intra-UE prioritization based on a conventional rule, for example, based on LCH priority.
  • the MAC layer at the first device 110-1 may first remove all conflicting grants with low channel access probability. Then, the MAC layer may perform intra-UE prioritization based on LCH priority (and/or other mechanisms such as L1 priority) among remaining conflicting grants with high channel access probability. For example, if there are three conflicting grants, wherein both the first conflicting grant and the second conflicting grant have high channel access probabilities, while the third conflicting grant has low channel access probability, the MAC layer may first abandon the third conflicting grant. Then, the MAC layer further compares the highest priority of data that each of the first conflicting grant and the second conflicting grant can and/or will carry, to determine whether the first transmission or the second transmission should be performed.
  • LCH priority and/or other mechanisms such as L1 priority
  • the MAC layer may select a high priority LCH for the grants with high channel access probability and a low priority LCH for the UL grants with low channel access probability. For example, if the first probability is high channel access probability and the second probability is low channel access probability, the first device 110-1 may map data from a first LCH to the first transmission and map data from a second LCH to the second transmission. The first priority of the first LCH may be higher than the second priority of the second LCH.
  • the first device 110-1 may generate MAC PDU for the grant with high channel access probability regardless of the data it is conveying.
  • the MAC layer may generate the MAC PDU for the grant with high channel access probability, even if it is considered deprioritized based on LCH-based prioritization rule. Therefore, even if the LBT failures occur on the prioritized grant, the PHY layer at the first device 110-1 may still transmit the TBs for grants that are de-prioritized with lower latency.
  • the PHY layer may start transmission with high channel access probability and then preampt it if LBT is successful for the higher priority grant. For example, if the first probability is high channel access probability and the second probability is low channel access probability, the first device 110-1 may generate the MAC PDU for the first grant and perform the first transmission regardless the priority of LCH corresponding to the first grant.
  • the first device 110-1 may compare a first data priority corresponding to the first transmission with a second data priority corresponding to the second transmission. If the first data priority is higher than the second data priority, the first device 110-1 may perform the first transmission.
  • the LCH mapping restriction can be changed.
  • the MAC layer may temporarily modify some configured LCH mapping restriction when there is a collision among grants involving grants with higher channel access probability than other colliding grants. Therefore, high priority LCHs could be mapped to these grants with higher channel access probability where it is forbidden according to the original LCH mapping restriction configurations. In this sense, grants with high channel access probability could be selected with the Release-16 rules based on data priority.
  • the first device 110-1 may modify at least one configured logical channel mapping restriction.
  • the logical channel mapping restriction may be configured per logical channel. For example, if the first probability is high channel access probability and the second probability is low channel access probability, the first device 110-1 may compare a first data priority corresponding to the first transmission with a second data priority corresponding to the second transmission in accordance to the original LCH mapping restriction configuration.
  • the first device 110-1 may at least tentatively change the LCH mapping restriction configuration and map the third LCH to the first transmission and perform the first transmission.
  • the third LCH may be restricted to the second transmission based on the original LCH mapping restriction. In other words, according to the original LCH mapping restriction configuration, the third LCH may be only allowed to be mapped to the second transmission and cannot be mapped to the first transmission. Since the channel access probability of the first transmission is higher than the second transmission, the first device 110-1 change the original LCH mapping restriction configuration and the first transmission can be performed to carry high priority data (from the third LCH) , thereby avoiding the situations where the transmission of high priority data is halted in the second transmission which has lower channel access probability.
  • the MAC layer may start from Release-16 rules by selecting the grant based on LCH priority. If the highest priority of data that two or more conflicting grants can carry is the same, the MAC layer should choose the one with high channel access probability. For examples, if multiple overlapping (or non-overlapping) grants are allowed for a LCH, it should prioritize the one that does not require LBT over the one that requires LBT. For example, the first device 110-1 may first compare the first data priority corresponding to the first transmission with the second data priority corresponding to the second transmission. If the first data priority is equal to the second data priority, the first device 110-1 may compare the first probability with the second probability. The first device 110-1 may perform the first transmission if the first probability is higher than the second probability while abandoning the second transmission.
  • the second device 120 may assign dynamic grants with different PHY priorities that allow the first device to determine which transmission should be conducted when two or more conflicting MAC PDUs are delivered from MAC to PHY.
  • the dynamic grants with high channel access probability may be directly considered as grants of High PHY priority, without explicit indication of PHY priority in the grant.
  • the first device may determine the PHY priority of a transmission opportunity directly based on its channel access probability.
  • the present disclosure proposes a new grant selection mechanism where MAC intra-UE prioritization should take the likelihood of LBT success into account.
  • the MAC should also consider which grant is more likely to be transmitted by PHY in unlicensed band scenarios, rather than merely consider the data priority. In this way, it improves efficiency by allowing the first device to prioritize the grant with higher probability of LBT success. Further, it reduces the probability where the first device select a grant that eventually cannot be transmitted due to LBT failure and hence diminish the benefits of intra-UE prioritization.
  • Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of an example method 300 implemented at a first device 110 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 300 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110.
  • the first device 110-1 receives a first configuration.
  • the first grant at least indicates a first set of resources for a first transmission to the second device 120.
  • the first device 110-1 receives a second configuration.
  • the second grant at least indicates a second set of resources for a second transmission to the second device 120.
  • the first and second configurations may be received from the second device.
  • the first configuration and the second configuration may be received from other device which is different from the second device 120.
  • the other device such as, a network device
  • the first device 110-1 may perform the first and/or second transmission to the second device 120. If the first device 110-1 and the second device 120 are terminal devices, the first transmission and the second transmission may refer to Device-to-Device (D2D) transmissions.
  • D2D Device-to-Device
  • the first and second configurations may comprise resource allocation for D2D communications. Only for the purpose of illustrations, embodiments are described with the reference to the situation where the first and second configurations are transmitted by the second device and the first and second transmissions are to the second device 120.
  • the configuration may be resource allocation information from the second device 120 to the first device 110-1, such as a dynamic grant or a configured grant.
  • the grant may be DCI format 0.
  • the first configuration may comprise a first grant and the second configuration may comprise a second grant.
  • the grant may comprise a resource allocation which may indicate the set of resources for the corresponding transmission.
  • the grant may comprise other transmission-related information and parameters, for example, one or more of the followings: a modulation and coding sachem (MCS) , cyclic shift, a new data indicator, transmit power control, channel quality indicator request and the like.
  • MCS modulation and coding sachem
  • the first device 110-1 may receive an indication concerning a type of the LBT of first transmission.
  • the indication may comprise the LBT type of the first transmission.
  • the indication may comprise the LBT type of the second transmission.
  • the indication may comprise the LBT type of the first transmission and the LBT type of the second transmission.
  • the type of LBT may be one of: a channel access type 2A, a channel access type 2B, or a channel access type 2C.
  • the type of LBT can comprise any suitable types.
  • the indication may be included in the configurations.
  • the first device 110-1 may also receive information of channel occupancy time (COT) .
  • COT channel occupancy time
  • the channel occupancy time may refer to continuous transmission time after channel sensing.
  • the first device 110-1 may receive an indication at least indicating priorities of the grants.
  • the indication may comprise a first priority of the first grant and the second priority of the second grant.
  • the indication may also indicate which priority is higher.
  • the first device 110-1 may compare the first set of resources with the second set of resources to determine whether the first set of resources and the second set of resources overlap with each other.
  • the first set of resources may be fully overlapped with the second set of resources.
  • the first set of resources may be partially overlapped with the second set of resources.
  • the first set of resources and the second set of resources may partially overlap in time-domain while fully overlap in frequency-domain.
  • the first set of resources and the second set of resources may partially overlap in frequency-domain while fully overlap in time-domain.
  • the first set of resources and the second set of resources may partially overlap in both frequency-domain and time-domain.
  • the first set of resources and the second set of resources may not overlap in frequency domain but at least partially overlap in time domain.
  • the first device 110-1 determines a first probability for channel access of the first grant and determines a second probability for channel access of the second grant. For example, the first device 110-1 may determine whether the first probability is higher or lower than the second probability. If the first probability is higher than the second probability, it means that the first grant is with a high channel access probability. If the first probability is lower than the second probability, it means that the first grant is with a low channel probability. Alternatively or additionally, for either or both of the first and the second grants, the first device may device may determine whether a LBT procedure is needed in order to access the channel, rather than comparing the first and second probabilities.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine a first necessity of conducting LBT for the first transmission/grant and a second necessity of conducting LBT for the second transmission/grant. If the LBT for the first transmission is unnecessary and the LBT for the second transmission is necessary, the first probability is higher than the second probability, which means the first transmission is to be performed. For example, if it is not necessary to conduct the LBT procedure for the first transmission, the first probability is 100%as the first transmission can use the channel for sure.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine that the first probability belongs to high channel access probability. In other words, if the channel access type of the first transmission is one of a channel access type 2A, a channel access type 2B, or a channel access type 2C, the first transmission is prioritized. Similarly, if the LBT type of the second transmission is used for one of: a channel access type 2A, a channel access type 2B, or a channel access type 2C, the first device 110-1 may determine that the second probability belongs to high channel access probability.
  • the channel access type of the first transmission is the channel access type 2C and the channel access type of the second transmission is any one of: the channel access type 2B, the channel access type 2A or the channel access type 1
  • the first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • the channel access type of the first transmission is the channel access type 1 and the channel access type of the second transmission is any one of: the channel access type 2C the channel access type 2B, or the channel access type 2A
  • the first probability is lower than the second probability.
  • the channel access type of the first transmission is the channel access type 2B and the channel access type of the second transmission is the channel access type 2A, the first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine that the first probability belongs to high channel access probability.
  • the second transmission can be performed within the COT of the second device 120
  • the first device 110-1 may determine that the second probability belongs to high channel access probability.
  • the first probability is higher than the second probability. In this situation, the first transmission is prioritized over the second transmission.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine that the first probability belongs to high channel access probability. Similarly, if the second transmission is consecutive at least a part of a consecutive transmission where channel access is already successful, the first device 110-1 may determine that the second probability belongs to high channel access probability. Thus, the first device 110-1 may determine the first probability and/or second probability based on whether the first transmission or second transmission is a part of a consecutive transmission in which channel access is already successful. In some embodiments, if the first transmission is at least a part of a consecutive transmission where channel access is already successful and the second transmission is inconsecutive transmission where channel access is already successful, the first device 110-1 may determine that first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • LBT listen before talk
  • FBE frame based equipment
  • TDM Time Division Multiplexed
  • a transmission within the COT of the second device 120 has higher channel access probability than UE initiated fixed frame period (FFB) , especially if COT has been detected.
  • the first device 110-1 may be in channel access procedures for semi-static channel occupancy.
  • the first device 110-1 may determine whether the first transmission can be performed within the COT of the second device 120. If the first transmission can be performed within the COT, the first device 110-1 may determine that the first probability belongs to high channel access probability.
  • the first device 110-1 determines whether the first transmission or the second transmission is to be performed based on at least the first probability or the first necessity and the second probability or the second necessity. For example, if the first probability is higher than the second probability, the first transmission can be performed. Alternatively, if the LBT for the first transmission is necessary based on the first necessity and the LBT for the second transmission is unnecessary based on the second necessity, the second transmission can be performed. If the LBT for the first transmission is unnecessary and the LBT for the second transmission is necessary, the first transmission can be performed.
  • the first device 110-1 performs the first transmission or the second transmission based on the first probability and the second probability. For example, if neither of the first probability or the second probability belongs to high channel access probability, the first device 110-1 may conduct intra-UE prioritization based on a conventional rule, for example, based on LCH priority.
  • the MAC layer at the first device 110-1 may first remove all conflicting grants with low channel access probability. Then, the MAC layer may perform intra-UE prioritization based on LCH priority (and/or other mechanisms such as L1 priority) among on remaining conflicting grants with high channel access probability. For example, if there are three conflicting grants, wherein both the first conflicting grant and the second conflicting grant have high channel access probabilities, while the third conflicting grant has low channel access probability, the MAC layer may first abandon the third conflicting grant. Then, the MAC layer further compares the highest priority of data that each of the first conflicting grant and the second conflicting grant can and/or will carry, to determine whether the first transmission or the second transmission should be performed.
  • LCH priority and/or other mechanisms such as L1 priority
  • the MAC layer may select a high priority LCH for the grants with high channel access probability and a low priority LCH for the UL grants with low channel access probability. For example, if the first probability is high channel access probability and the second probability is low channel access probability, the first device 110-1 may map data from a first LCH to the first transmission and map data from a second LCH to the second transmission. The first priority of the first LCH may be higher than the second priority of the second LCH.
  • the first device 110-1 may generate MAC PDU for the grant with high channel access probability regardless of the data it is conveying.
  • the MAC layer may generate the MAC PDU for the grant with high channel access probability, even if it is considered deprioritized based on LCH-based prioritization rule. Therefore, even if the LBT failures occur on the prioritized grant, the PHY layer at the first device 110-1 may still transmit the TBs for grants with high channel access probability with lower latency.
  • the PHY layer may start transmission and preampt it if LBT is successful for the higher priority grant. For example, if the first probability is high channel access probability and the second probability is low channel access probability, the first device 110-1 may generate the MAC PDU for the first grant and perform the first transmission regardless the priority of LCH corresponding to the first grant.
  • the first device 110-1 may compare a first data priority corresponding to the first transmission with a second data priority corresponding to the second transmission. If the first data priority is higher than the second data priority, the first device 110-1 may perform the first transmission.
  • the LCH mapping restriction can be changed.
  • the MAC layer may temporarily modify some configured LCH mapping restriction when there is a collision among grants involving grants with higher channel access probability than other colliding grants. Therefore, high priority LCHs could be mapped to these grants with higher channel access probability where it is forbidden according to the original LCH mapping restriction configurations. In this sense, grants with high channel access probability could be selected with the Release-16 rules based on data priority.
  • the first device 110-1 may modify at least one configured logical channel mapping restriction.
  • the logical channel mapping restriction may be configured per logical channel. For example, if the first probability is high channel access probability and the second probability is low channel access probability, the first device 110-1 may compare a first data priority corresponding to the first transmission with a second data priority corresponding to the second transmission in accordance to the original LCH mapping restriction configuration. If the first data priority is lower than the second data priority, the first device 110-1 may at least tentatively change the LCH mapping restriction configuration and map the third LCH to the first transmission and perform the first transmission.
  • the third LCH may be restricted to the second transmission based on the original LCH mapping restriction.
  • the third channel may be only allowed to be mapped to the second transmission and cannot be mapped to the first transmission. Since the channel access probability of the first transmission is higher than the second transmission, the first device 110-1 change the original LCH mapping restriction configuration and the first transmission can be performed to carry high priority data (from the third LCH) , thereby avoiding the situations where the transmission of high priority data is halted in the second transmission which has lower channel access probability.
  • the MAC layer may start from Release-16 rules by selecting the grant based on LCH priority. If the highest priority of data that two or more conflicting grants can carry is the same, the MAC layer should choose the one with high channel access probability. By way of an example, if multiple overlapping (or non-overlapping) grants are allowed for a LCH, it should prioritize the one that does not require LBT over the one that requires LBT. For example, the first device 110-1 may first compare the first data priority corresponding to the first transmission with the second data priority corresponding to the second transmission. If the first data priority is equal to the second data priority, the first device 110-1 may compare the first probability with the second probability. The first device 110-1 may perform the first transmission if the first probability is higher than the second probability while abandoning the second transmission.
  • the second device 120 may assign dynamic grants with different grant priorities that allow PHY to determine which transmission should be conducted when two or more conflicting MAC PDUs are delivered from MAC to PHY.
  • the dynamic grants with high channel access probability may be directly considered as High Priority grants without explicit indication of grant priority.
  • the first device may determine the physical layer priority of a transmission opportunity directly based on its channel access probability.
  • Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of an example method 400 implemented at a second device 120 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the second device 120. It should be noted that the dashed blocks are optional.
  • the second device 120 transmits a first configuration to the first device 110-1.
  • the first grant at least indicates a first set of resources for a first transmission with the second device 120.
  • the second device 120 transmits a second configuration to the first device 110-1.
  • the second grant at least indicates a second set of resources for a second transmission with the second device 120. It should be noted that the second device 120 may transmit any suitable number of grants to the first device 110-1. Only for the purpose of illustrations, embodiments of the present disclosure are described with the reference to two grants.
  • the configuration may be resource allocation information from the second device 120 to the first device 110-1, such as a dynamic grant or a configured grant.
  • the grant may be Downlink Control Information (DCI) format 0.
  • the first configuration may comprise a first grant and the second configuration may comprise a second grant.
  • the grant may comprise a resource allocation which may indicate the set of resources for the corresponding transmission.
  • the grant may comprise other transmission-related information and parameters, for example, one or more of the followings: a modulation and coding sachem (MCS) , cyclic shift, a new data indicator, transmit power control, channel quality indicator request and the like.
  • MCS modulation and coding sachem
  • the second device 120 may transmit an indication concerning a type of the LBT of first transmission.
  • the indication may comprise the LBT type of the first transmission.
  • the indication may comprise the LBT type of the second transmission.
  • the indication may comprise the LBT type of the first transmission and the LBT type of the second transmission.
  • the type of LBT may be one of: a channel access type 2A, a channel access type 2B, or a channel access type 2C.
  • the type of LBT can comprise any suitable types.
  • the indication may be included in the configurations.
  • the second device may also transmit 2015 information of channel occupancy time (COT) .
  • COT channel occupancy time
  • the channel occupancy time may refer to continuous transmission time after channel sensing.
  • the second device 120 may transmit to the first device 110-1 an indication at least indicating priorities of the grants.
  • the indication may comprise a first priority of the first grant and the second priority of the second grant.
  • the indication may also indicate which priority is higher.
  • the second device 120 receives the first transmission or the second transmission based on the first probability and the second probability.
  • a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 300 may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 300.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • the first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first device 110.
  • the means may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause performance of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus comprises means for receiving, at a first device, a first configuration indicating a first set of resources for a first transmission to a second device; means for receiving, at the first device, a second configuration indicating a second set of resources for a second transmission to the second device; means for in accordance with a determination that the first set of resources at least partially overlap the second set of resource, determining a first probability of channel access or a first necessity of conducting a LBT for the first transmission and a second probability of channel access or a second necessity of conducting LBT procedure for the second transmission; means for determining whether the first transmission or the second transmission is to be performed based on at least the first probability or the first necessity and the second probability or the second necessity; and means for performing the first transmission or the second transmission based on the determination.
  • the means for determining the first probability of the first transmission comprises: means for receiving from the second device an indication concerning a type of listen-before-talk of the first transmission; and means for determining the first probability based on the type of listen-before-talk.
  • the means for determining the first probability of the first transmission comprises: means for receiving from the second device information indicating channel occupancy time of the second device; and means for in accordance with a determination that the first transmission is able to be performed within the channel occupancy time and the second transmission is to be performed out of the channel occupancy time, determining that the first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • the means for determining the first probability of the first transmission comprises: means in accordance with a determination that the first transmission is at least a part of a consecutive transmission where channel access is already successful and the second transmission is inconsecutive transmission where channel access is already successful, determining that the first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • the means for determining the first probability of the first transmission comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that the first device is in channel access procedures for semi-static channel occupancy, determining whether the first transmission is able to be performed within a channel occupancy time of the second device; and means for in accordance with a determination that the first transmission is able to be performed within the channel occupancy time and the second transmission is to be performed out of the channel occupancy time, determining that the first probability is higher than the second probability.
  • the means for performing the first transmission or the second transmission comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that the first probability is higher than the second probability, performing the first transmission.
  • the means for performing the first transmission or the second transmission comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that the first probability is equal to the second probability, comparing a first data priority corresponding to the first transmission with a second data priority corresponding to the second transmission; and means for in accordance with a determination that the first data priority is higher than the second data priority, performing the first transmission.
  • the apparatus further comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that the first probability is higher than the second probability, modifying at least one configured logical channel mapping restriction.
  • the means for performing the first transmission or the second transmission comprises: means for comparing a first data priority corresponding to the first transmission with a second data priority corresponding to the second transmission; means for in accordance with a determination that the first data priority is equal to the second data priority, comparing the first probability with the second probability; and means for in accordance with a determination that the first probability is higher the second probability, performing the first transmission.
  • the means for determine whether the first transmission or the second is to be performed comprises means for in accordance with a determination that the LBT for the first transmission is unnecessary and the LBT for the second transmission is necessary, determining that the first transmission is to be performed.
  • a second first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 400 may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 400.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • the first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second device 120.
  • the means may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause performance of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus comprises means for transmitting, at a second device and to a first device, a first configuration indicating a first set of resources for a first transmission to the second device; means for transmitting to the first device a second configuration indicating a second set of resources for a second transmission to the second device; and means for receiving the first transmission or the second transmission based on a first probability of channel access or a first necessity of conducting listen-before-talk (LBT) for the first transmission and a second probability of channel access or a second necessity of conducting LBT for the second transmission.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting to the first device an indication concerning a type of listen-before-talk of the first transmission.
  • the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting to the first device information indicating channel occupancy time of the second device.
  • the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting to the first device an indication concerning a first priority of the first transmission and a second priority of the second transmission.
  • Fig. 5 is a simplified block diagram of a device 500 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the device 500 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the first device 110 or the second device 120 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the device 500 includes one or more processors 510, one or more memories 520 coupled to the processor 510, and one or more communication modules 540 coupled to the processor 510.
  • the communication module 540 is for bidirectional communications.
  • the communication module 540 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices.
  • the communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
  • the communication module 540 may include at least one antenna.
  • the processor 510 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
  • the device 500 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
  • the memory 520 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories.
  • the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 524, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and/or optical storage.
  • Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 522 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
  • a computer program 530 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 510.
  • the program 530 may be stored in the memory, e.g., ROM 524.
  • the processor 510 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 530 into the RAM 522.
  • Example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 530 so that the device 500 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to Figs. 2 to 4.
  • the example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
  • the program 530 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 500 (such as in the memory 520) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 500.
  • the device 500 may load the program 530 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 522 for execution.
  • the computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and other magnetic storage and/or optical storage.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of the computer readable medium 600 in form of an optical storage disk.
  • the computer readable medium has the program 530 stored thereon.
  • various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • the present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
  • the computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above with reference to Figs. 3 to 8.
  • program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
  • the functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments.
  • Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
  • Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions/operations specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams to be implemented.
  • the program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
  • the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above.
  • Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
  • the computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium.
  • a computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

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