WO2022026070A1 - Procédé d'échangeur thermique - Google Patents
Procédé d'échangeur thermique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022026070A1 WO2022026070A1 PCT/US2021/037637 US2021037637W WO2022026070A1 WO 2022026070 A1 WO2022026070 A1 WO 2022026070A1 US 2021037637 W US2021037637 W US 2021037637W WO 2022026070 A1 WO2022026070 A1 WO 2022026070A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- fluid
- fouling
- exchanger process
- transporting
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
- F28F2245/08—Coatings; Surface treatments self-cleaning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/20—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing development of microorganisms
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to heat exchanger processes. More particularly, the present invention is directed to such processes previously susceptible to fouling.
- Fouling is a known problem for heat transfer processes using heat exchangers. Fouling is known to create economic and operational problems driven by losses in efficiency. Losses in efficiency are based upon deterioration as well as loss of operational time associated with heat exchangers in operation.
- Other techniques that implement fouling control include limiting fluids that contact heat exchanger elements and/or avoiding process parameters that induce fouling.
- Such techniques involve pre-filtration and cooling water debris filters, foreign-object exclusion, acoustic monitoring, fluid treatment, microfiltration, membrane technology (reverse-osmosis or electrodeionization), ion-exchange resins, alkalinization (for example, ammonia, morpholine, ethanolamine, or sodium phosphate), control of oxygen dissolved in water (for example, by addition of hydrazine), addition of corrosion inhibitors, use of biocides (for example, inorganic chlorine and bromide compounds, chlorine and bromide cleavers, ozone and oxygen cleavers, or unoxidizable biocides), use of chemical fouling inhibitors (for example, chelating agents (like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), long-chain aliphatic amines, polyamines (like octadecylamin, helamin, or other
- a heat exchanger process use a heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger has a surface positioned to be contacted by a fluid.
- the heat exchanger process includes contacting the surface with the fluid by transporting the fluid through the heat exchanger and transferring heat between the surface and the fluid. The transporting is at a rate of less than 2 meters per second.
- the surface includes a fouling-resistant coating.
- a heat exchanger process uses a heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger has a surface positioned to be contacted by a fluid.
- the heat exchanger process includes contacting the surface with the fluid by transporting the fluid through the heat exchanger and transferring heat between the surface and the fluid.
- the surface includes a fouling-resistant coating.
- the fluid includes particles are known to cause fouling.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a heat exchanger process, with a schematic heat exchanger with a heat transfer tube depicted transparent for illustration, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
- Embodiments of the heat exchanger process include, but are not limited to, being operational under what have previously been considered fouling conditions (for example, at flow rates that would otherwise cause fouling, such as, in portions of the system or in the entire system), having more flexible flow (for example, operating with laminar flow, operating with turbulent flow, operating with concurrent laminar and turbulent flow, or operating with sequential laminar and turbulent flow), having few or no cleaning cycles (for example, being devoid of pickling, water lancing, recirculating/blasting )with metals, abrasives, sponges, balls or mechanical cleaners like “bullet-type” tube cleaners)), operating without or with reduced pressure pulses or backflow cycles (or blowdown), operating at temperatures incompatible with polymers like polytetrafluoroethylene, being devoid of ions (for example, from ion implantation) or serving as a barrier to ions, having roughness (or
- a heat exchanger process 100 uses a heat exchanger 101.
- the heat exchanger 101 has a surface 103 positioned to be contacted by a fluid 105.
- the heat exchanger process 100 includes contacting (step 102) the surface 103 with the fluid 105 by transporting the fluid 105 through the heat exchanger 101, and transferring (step 104) heat 107 between the surface 103 and the fluid 105.
- the surface 103 includes a fouling- resistant coating 109.
- the fouling-resistant coating 109 is directly or indirectly on the substrate 111.
- fouling-resistant refers to having properties that reduce or eliminate fouling that would be present in identical operational configurations but for the presence of the properties.
- the fouling-resistant coating 109 imparts the properties to the surface 103 that reduce or eliminate the fouling.
- Embodiments of the fouling-resistant coating 109 have a composition including carbon, hydrogen, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, and combinations thereof.
- the fouling-resistant coating 109 includes or consists of amorphous silicon and hydrogen (with incidental impurities, for example, from the substrate 111 and/or oxygen).
- the fouling-resistant coating 109 includes or consists of amorphous silicon and hydrogen (with incidental impurities, for example, from the substrate 111 and/or oxygen), with carbon (for example, from a functionalization distal from the substrate 111 or increasing in concentration distal from the substrate 111).
- the fouling-resistant coating 109 includes or consists of amorphous silicon, oxygen, and hydrogen (with incidental impurities, for example, from the substrate 111).
- the fouling-resistant coating 109 includes or consists of amorphous silicon, oxygen, and hydrogen (with incidental impurities, for example, from the substrate 111), with amorphous carbon (for example, increasing in concentration in regions distal from the substrate 111, increasing in concentration in regions distal from the oxygen, and/or increasing in concentration in regions proximal to the surface 103).
- the fouling-resistant coating 109 includes or consists of amorphous silicon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen (with incidental impurities, for example, from the substrate 111), with amorphous carbon (for example, increasing in concentration in regions distal from the substrate 111, increasing in concentration in regions distal from the oxygen, and/or increasing in concentration in regions proximal to the surface 103).
- the fouling-resistant coating 109 includes or consists of amorphous silicon, fluorine, and hydrogen (with incidental impurities, for example, from the substrate 111), with amorphous carbon (for example, increasing in concentration in regions distal from the substrate 111, increasing in concentration in regions distal from the oxygen, and/or increasing in concentration in regions proximal to the surface 103).
- Further embodiments include molecular fragments deposited through precursors being heated to temperatures above the decomposition temperature of the precursor.
- Exemplary temperatures for the decomposition temperature are greater than 200°C, greater than 300°C, greater than 350°C, greater than 370°C, greater than 380°C, greater than 390°C, between 300°C and 450°C, between 350°C and 450°C, between 380°C and 450°C, between 300°C and 500°C, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
- Deposition techniques for the fouling-resistant coating 109 include expanding the chemical vapor deposition processes disclosed in United States Patent No. 6,444,326, entitled “SURFACE MODIFICATION OF SOLID SUPPORTS THROUGH THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SILANES,” United States Patent No. 9,777,368, entitled “CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION COATING, ARTICLE, AND METHOD,” United States Patent No. 9,975,143, entitled “CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION FUNCTIONALIZATION,” United States Patent No. 9,915,001, entitled “CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION PROCESS AND COATED ARTICLE,” United States Patent No.
- the expanding of the process includes combining the deposition techniques within such references to previously-considered unworkable dimensions, such as, having a maximum rigid length of greater than 2.1 meters.
- Such expansion is enabled by modification of flow within a chamber/vessel, modification of flow in and out of a chamber/vessel, modification of heating elements for heating a vessel, and/or modifying vessel configurations to allow larger lengths (for example, lengths of greater than 2.5 meters, greater than 3 meters, greater than 5 meters, greater than 6 meters, between 2.5 meters and 7 meters, between 3 meters and 7 meters, between 5 meters and 7 meters, between 5 meters and 6 meters, between 6 meters and 7 meters, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub range therein).
- Suitable such precursors include, but are not limited to, silane, silane and ethylene, silane and an oxidizer, dimethylsilane, dimethylsilane and an oxidizer, trimethylsilane, trimethylsilane and an oxidizer, dialkylsilyl dihydride, alkylsilyl trihydride, non-pyrophoric species (for example, dialkylsilyl dihydride and/or alkylsilyl trihydride), thermally-reacted material (for example, carbosilane and/or carboxysilane, such as, amorphous carbosilane and/or amorphous carboxysilane), species capable of a recombination of carbosilyl (disilyl or trisilyl fragments), methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, trimethylethoxysilane
- Fouling is identifiable, for example, over time by an increase in thermal resistance, a constricting of flow, an increase in velocity of the flow (for example, due to the constricting), degradation of mechanical properties, increased corrosion, increased surface roughness and/or frictional resistance, decreased effluent temperature, an increased pressure drop, increased carbon dioxide emissions, decreased operational efficiency (for example, based upon a reduction in heat transfer), or through other means described herein.
- Fouling is further identifiable based upon detailed explanations in known processes, for example, in Mostafa M. Awad (2011), “Fouling of Heat Transfer Surfaces, Heat Transfer - Theoretical Analysis, Experimental Investigations and Industrial Systems,” Prof.
- the flow rate within the heat exchanger 101 is at a rate of less than 2 meters per second, less than 1 meter per second, less than 0.1 meters per second, between 1 and 2 meters per second, between 0.1 and 1 meters per second, between 0.1 and 0.5 meters per second, between 0 and 0.1 meters per second, between 0.01 and 0.1 meters per second, temporarily stagnant, or an suitable combination, sub combination, range, or sub-range therein.
- the fouling-resistant coating 109 has surface energy that allows operation under conditions that would otherwise cause the fouling in the absence of the fouling- resistant coating 109.
- the surface energy is hydrophobic, such as, having a water contact angle of within the range of between 115° and 170°, such as, between 115° and 140°, between 118° and 135°, between 120° and 121° (for example, on 304 stainless steel), between 125° and 126° (for example, on 316 stainless steel), or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
- the surface energy is oleophobic, such as, having a hexadecane contact angle within the range of between 65° and 110°, such as, between 65° and 90°, between 70° and 85°, between 77° and 78° (for example, on 304 stainless steel), between 75° and 76° (for example, on 316 stainless steel), or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
- foulants include, but are not limited to, materials having unsaturated and unstable compounds, inorganic salts and trace elements (such as, sulfur, nitrogen, and/or oxygen), organic acids, inorganic acids, corrosive acids (such as, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acids, chromic acid, acetic acid, and/or hydrofluoric acid), corrosive bases (ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide (caustic potash), and/or sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)), microbes, seawater/brine, carbonaceous materials, catalytic products, minerals (for example, such as, calcium, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, phosphorus, scaling minerals), chelating molecules (for example, tetracycline, N-hydroxypyridine-2-on, adenosine
- the heat exchanger process 100 includes using the heat exchanger 101 in a process supporting a system for petrochemical processing, refining, nuclear cooling systems, oil-fired system cooling, gas-fired system cooling, boilers, pharmaceutical manufacturing, biological processing, food service production, or combinations thereof.
- heat transfer between the substrate 111 and the fluid 105 is greater than heat transfer between a comparative coating of polyethylene terephthalate.
- the greater heat transfer is based upon the fouling-resistant coating 109 having a thickness that is lower than the comparative coating and/or at a thickness of between 50 nanometers and 10,000 nanometers, between 50 nanometers and 1,000 nanometers, between 100 nanometers and 800 nanometers, between 200 nanometers and 600 nanometers, between 200 nanometers and 10,000 nanometers, between 500 nanometers and 3,000 nanometers, between 500 nanometers and 2,000 nanometers, between 500 nanometers and 1,000 nanometers, between 1,000 nanometers and 2,000 nanometers, between 1,000 nanometers and 1,500 nanometers, between 1,500 nanometers and 2,000 nanometers, 800 nanometers, 1,200 nanometers, 1,600 nanometers, 1,900 nanometers, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
- the thickness of the coating 121 is between 50 nm and 900 nm, between 100 m and 800 nm, between 200 nm and 400 nm, between 300 nm and 600 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500 nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
- the heat exchanger process 100 operates under conditions that would cause the fouling in the absence of the fouling-resistant coating 109, based upon information identified as parameters for appropriate use of stainless steel within the Committee of Stainless Steel Producers, “The Role Stainless Steel in Industrial Heat Exchangers,” Stainless Steel Industry Data, archived September 4 2012, available from: https://www.nickelinstitute.Org/ ⁇ /media/Files/TechnicalLiterature/RoleofStainlessSteelsinIndustr ialHeatExchangers_9005_.ashx, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference.
- the heat exchanger process 100 while the heat exchanger process 100 operates under conditions that would cause the fouling in the absence of the fouling -resistant coating 109, the heat exchanger process 100 includes extending repair cycles, avoiding scheduled replacements, operating with less downtime, using streams that are known to create contaminants, or otherwise operating outside the scope of best practices established without the fouling-resistant coating 109.
- Suitable embodiments include the substrate 111 including or being metal, metallic material, ceramic, glass, ceramic matrix composite, or a combination thereof.
- the metallic material is tempered or non-tempered, has grain structures that are equiaxed, directionally-solidified, and/or single crystal, has amorphous or crystalline structures, is a foil, fiber, a cladding, and/or a film.
- Suitable metallic materials include, but are not limited to, ferrous-based alloys, non-ferrous-based alloys, nickel-based alloys, stainless steels (martensitic or austenitic), aluminum-containing materials (for example, alloys, Alloy 6061, aluminum), composite metals, or combinations thereof.
- the metallic material is replaced with a non-metallic material.
- the metallic material has a first iron concentration and a first chromium concentration, the first iron concentration being greater than the first chromium concentration.
- suitable values for the first iron concentration include, but are not limited to, by weight, greater than 50%, greater than 60%, greater than 66%, greater than 70%, between 66% and 74%, between 70% and 74%, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
- Suitable values for the first chromium concentration include, but are not limited to, by weight, greater than 10.5%, greater than 14%, greater than 16%, greater than 18%, greater than 20%, between 14% and 17%, between 16% and 18%, between 18% and 20%, between 20% and 24%, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of up to 0.08% carbon, between 18% and 20% chromium, up to 2% manganese, between 8% and 10.5% nickel, up to 0.045% phosphorus, up to 0.03% sulfur, up to 1% silicon, and a balance of iron (for example, between 66% and 74% iron).
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of up to 0.08% carbon, up to 2% manganese, up to 0.045% phosphorus, up to 0.03% sulfur, up to 0.75% silicon, between 16% and 18% chromium, between 10% and 14% nickel, between 2% and 3% molybdenum, up to 0.1% nitrogen, and a balance of iron.
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of up to 0.03% carbon, up to 2% manganese, up to 0.045% phosphorus, up to 0.03% sulfur, up to 0.75% silicon, between 16% and 18% chromium, between 10% and 14% nickel, between 2% and 3% molybdenum, up to 0.1% nitrogen, and a balance of iron.
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 14% and 17% chromium, between 6% and 10% iron, between 0.5% and 1.5% manganese, between 0.1% and 1% copper, between 0.1% and 1% silicon, between 0.01% and 0.2% carbon, between 0.001% and 0.2% sulfur, and a balance nickel (for example, 72%).
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 20% and 24% chromium, between 1% and 5% iron, between 8% and 10% molybdenum, between 10% and 15% cobalt, between 0.1% and 1% manganese, between 0.1% and 1% copper, between 0.8% and 1.5% aluminum, between 0.1% and 1% titanium, between 0.1% and 1% silicon, between 0.01% and 0.2% carbon, between 0.001% and 0.2% sulfur, between 0.001% and 0.2% phosphorus, between 0.001% and 0.2% boron, and a balance nickel (for example, between 44.2% and 56%).
- chromium between 20% and 24%
- iron between 1% and 5%
- molybdenum between 8% and 10%
- cobalt between 0.1% and 1%
- manganese between 0.1% and 1%
- copper between 0.8% and 1.5%
- aluminum between 0.1% and 1%
- titanium between 0.1% and 1%
- silicon between 0.01% and 0.2%
- carbon between 0.001% and 0.2%
- sulfur
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 20% and 23% chromium, between 4% and 6% iron, between 8% and 10% molybdenum, between 3% and 4.5% niobium, between 0.5% and 1.5% cobalt, between 0.1% and 1% manganese, between 0.1% and 1% aluminum, between 0.1% and 1% titanium, between 0.1% and 1% silicon, between 0.01% and 0.5% carbon, between 0.001% and 0.02% sulfur, between 0.001% and 0.02% phosphorus, and a balance nickel (for example, 58%).
- chromium between 20% and 23%
- iron between 4% and 6%
- molybdenum between 8% and 10%
- niobium between 3% and 4.5%
- cobalt between 0.5% and 1.5%
- manganese between 0.1% and 1%
- aluminum between 0.1% and 1%
- titanium between 0.1% and 1%
- silicon between 0.01% and 0.5%
- carbon between 0.001% and 0.02%
- sulfur between 0.00
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 25% and 35% chromium, between 8% and 10% iron, between 0.2% and 0.5% manganese, between 0.005% and 0.02% copper, between 0.01% and 0.03% aluminum, between 0.3% and 0.4% silicon, between 0.005% and 0.03% carbon, between 0.001% and 0.005% sulfur, and a balance nickel (for example, 59.5%).
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 17% and 21% chromium, between 2.8% and 3.3% iron, between 4.75% and 5.5% niobium, between 0.5% and 1.5% cobalt, between 0.1% and 0.5% manganese, between 0.2% and 0.8% copper, between 0.65% and 1.15% aluminum, between 0.2% and 0.4% titanium, between 0.3% and 0.4% silicon, between 0.01% and 1% carbon, between 0.001 and 0.02% sulfur, between 0.001 and 0.02% phosphorus, between 0.001 and 0.02% boron, and a balance nickel (for example, between 50% and 55%).
- chromium between 2.8% and 3.3%
- iron between 4.75% and 5.5%
- niobium between 0.5% and 1.5%
- cobalt between 0.1% and 0.5%
- manganese between 0.2% and 0.8%
- copper between 0.65% and 1.15%
- aluminum between 0.2% and 0.4%
- titanium between 0.3% and 0.4%
- silicon between 0.01% and 1% carbon
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 2% and 3% cobalt, between 15% and 17% chromium, between 5% and 17% molybdenum, between 3% and 5% tungsten, between 4% and 6% iron, between 0.5% and 1% silicon, between 0.5% and 1.5% manganese, between 0.005 and 0.02% carbon, between 0.3% and 0.4% vanadium, and a balance nickel.
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of up to 0.15% carbon, between 3.5% and 5.5% tungsten, between 4.5% and 7% iron, between 15.5% and 17.5% chromium, between 16% and 18% molybdenum, between 0.2% and 0.4% vanadium, up to 1% manganese, up to 1% sulfur, up to 1% silicon, up to 0.04% phosphorus, up to 0.03% sulfur, and a balance nickel.
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of up to 2.5% cobalt, up to 22% chromium, up to 13% molybdenum, up to 3% tungsten, up to 3% iron, up to 0.08% silicon, up to 0.5% manganese, up to 0.01% carbon, up to 0.35% vanadium, and a balance nickel (for example, 56%).
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 1% and 2% cobalt, between 20% and 22% chromium, between 8% and 10% molybdenum, between 0.1% and 1% tungsten, between 17% and 20% iron, between 0.1% and 1% silicon, between 0.1% and 1% manganese, between 0.05 and 0.2% carbon, and a balance nickel.
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 0.01% and 0.05% boron, between 0.01% and 0.1% chromium, between 0.003% and 0.35% copper, between 0.005% and 0.03% gallium, between 0.006% and 0.8% iron, between 0.006% and 0.3% magnesium, between 0.02% and 1% silicon + iron, between 0.006% and 0.35% silicon, between 0.002% and 0.2% titanium, between 0.01% and 0.03% vanadium + titanium, between 0.005% and 0.05% vanadium, between 0.006% and 0.1% zinc, and a balance aluminum (for example, greater than 99%)
- a balance aluminum for example, greater than 99%
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 0.05% and 0.4% chromium, between 0.03% and 0.9% copper, between 0.05% and 1% iron, between 0.05% and 1.5% magnesium, between 0.5% and 1.8% manganese, between 0.5% and 0.1% nickel, between 0.03% and 0.35% titanium, up to 0.5% vanadium, between 0.04% and 1.3% zinc, and a balance aluminum (for example, between 94.3% and 99.8%).
- a balance aluminum for example, between 94.3% and 99.8%.
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 0.0003% and 0.07% beryllium, between 0.02% and 2% bismuth, between 0.01% and 0.25% chromium, between 0.03% and 5% copper, between 0.09% and 5.4% iron, between 0.01% and 2% magnesium, between 0.03% and 1.5% manganese, between 0.15% and 2.2% nickel, between 0.6% and 21.5% silicon, between 0.005% and 0.2% titanium, between 0.05% and 10.7% zinc, and a balance aluminum (for example, between 70.7% to 98.7%).
- a balance aluminum for example, between 70.7% to 98.7%.
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 0.15% and 1.5% bismuth, between 0.003% and 0.06% boron, between 0.03% and 0.4% chromium, between 0.01% and 1.2% copper, between 0.12% and 0.5% chromium + manganese, between 0.04% and 1% iron, between 0.003% and 2% lead, between 0.2% and 3% magnesium, between 0.02% and 1.4% manganese, between 0.05% and 0.2% nickel, between 0.5% and 0.5% oxygen, between 0.2% and 1.8% silicon, up to 0.05% strontium, between 0.05% and 2% tin, between 0.01% and 0.25% titanium, between 0.05% and 0.3% vanadium, between 0.03% and 2.4% zinc, between 0.05% and 0.2% zirconium, between 0.150 and 0.2% zirconium + titanium, and a balance of aluminum (for example, between 91.7% and 99.6%).
- a composition, by weight of between 0.15% and 1.5% bismuth, between 0.003%
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 0.4% and 0.8% silicon, up to 0.7% iron, between 0.15% and 0.4% copper, up to 0.15% manganese, between 0.8% and 1.2% magnesium, between 0.04% and 0.35% chromium, up to 0.25% zinc, up to 0.15% titanium, optional incidental impurities (for example, at less than 0.05% each, totaling less than 0.15%), and a balance of aluminum (for example, between 95% and 98.6%).
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 11% and 13% silicon, up to 0.6% impurities/residuals, and a balance of aluminum.
- the metallic material is or includes a composition, by weight, of between 0.7% and 1.1% magnesium, between 0.6% and 0.9% silicon, between 0.2% and 0.7% iron, between 0.1% and 0.4% copper, between 0.05% and 0.2% manganese, 0.02% and 0.1% zinc, 0.02% and 0.1% titanium, and a balance aluminum.
- the metallic material is Alloy 6061.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne des procédés d'échangeur thermique. Un procédé d'échangeur thermique utilise un échangeur thermique. L'échangeur thermique présente une surface positionnée pour être mise en contact avec un fluide. Le procédé d'échangeur thermique comprend la mise en contact de la surface avec le fluide par le transport du fluide à travers l'échangeur thermique et le transfert de chaleur entre la surface et le fluide. Le transport est effectué à une vitesse inférieure à 2 mètres par seconde, la surface comprend un revêtement résistant à l'encrassement, le fluide comprend des particules connues pour provoquer l'encrassement ou une combinaison correspondante.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21746843.8A EP4189018A1 (fr) | 2020-07-30 | 2021-06-16 | Procédé d'échangeur thermique |
US18/018,416 US20230258418A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2021-06-16 | Heat exchanger process |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202063058744P | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | |
US63/058,744 | 2020-07-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022026070A1 true WO2022026070A1 (fr) | 2022-02-03 |
Family
ID=77104121
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2021/037637 WO2022026070A1 (fr) | 2020-07-30 | 2021-06-16 | Procédé d'échangeur thermique |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230258418A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4189018A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022026070A1 (fr) |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6444326B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2002-09-03 | Restek Corporation | Surface modification of solid supports through the thermal decomposition and functionalization of silanes |
US6782943B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2004-08-31 | Elf Antar France | Fouling reduction device for a tubular heat exchanger |
US20120118722A1 (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-17 | Holtzapple Mark T | Heat exchanger system and method of use |
US9777368B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2017-10-03 | Silcotek Corp. | Chemical vapor deposition coating, article, and method |
US9915001B2 (en) | 2014-09-03 | 2018-03-13 | Silcotek Corp. | Chemical vapor deposition process and coated article |
US9975143B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2018-05-22 | Silcotek Corp. | Chemical vapor deposition functionalization |
US10087521B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2018-10-02 | Silcotek Corp. | Silicon-nitride-containing thermal chemical vapor deposition coating |
US10323321B1 (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2019-06-18 | Silcotek Corp. | Thermal chemical vapor deposition process and coated article |
US10487403B2 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2019-11-26 | Silcotek Corp | Fluoro-containing thermal chemical vapor deposition process and article |
US10604660B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 | 2020-03-31 | Silcotek Corp. | Wear resistant coating, article, and method |
-
2021
- 2021-06-16 WO PCT/US2021/037637 patent/WO2022026070A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-06-16 US US18/018,416 patent/US20230258418A1/en active Pending
- 2021-06-16 EP EP21746843.8A patent/EP4189018A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6444326B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2002-09-03 | Restek Corporation | Surface modification of solid supports through the thermal decomposition and functionalization of silanes |
US6782943B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2004-08-31 | Elf Antar France | Fouling reduction device for a tubular heat exchanger |
US9777368B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2017-10-03 | Silcotek Corp. | Chemical vapor deposition coating, article, and method |
US10604660B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 | 2020-03-31 | Silcotek Corp. | Wear resistant coating, article, and method |
US20120118722A1 (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-17 | Holtzapple Mark T | Heat exchanger system and method of use |
US9975143B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2018-05-22 | Silcotek Corp. | Chemical vapor deposition functionalization |
US9915001B2 (en) | 2014-09-03 | 2018-03-13 | Silcotek Corp. | Chemical vapor deposition process and coated article |
US10087521B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2018-10-02 | Silcotek Corp. | Silicon-nitride-containing thermal chemical vapor deposition coating |
US10323321B1 (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2019-06-18 | Silcotek Corp. | Thermal chemical vapor deposition process and coated article |
US10487403B2 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2019-11-26 | Silcotek Corp | Fluoro-containing thermal chemical vapor deposition process and article |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
"Committee of Stainless Steel Producers", 4 September 2012, STAINLESS STEEL INDUSTRY DATA, article "The Role Stainless Steel in Industrial Heat Exchangers" |
HASSAN AL-HAJ IBRAHIM: "Fouling in Heat Exchangers", 2012, INTECH |
MOSTAFA M. AWAD: "Prof. Aziz Belmiloudi (Ed.", 2011, INTECH, article "Fouling of Heat Transfer Surfaces, Heat Transfer - Theoretical Analysis, Experimental Investigations and Industrial Systems" |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20230258418A1 (en) | 2023-08-17 |
EP4189018A1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Kazi | Fouling and fouling mitigation on heat exchanger surfaces | |
US20080073063A1 (en) | Reduction of fouling in heat exchangers | |
US8286695B2 (en) | Insert and method for reducing fouling in a process stream | |
US6513581B1 (en) | Heat exchanger with a reduced tendency to produce deposits and method for producing same | |
US20120118722A1 (en) | Heat exchanger system and method of use | |
Hoang et al. | Effects of process parameters on gypsum scale formation in pipes | |
Lee et al. | Use of catalytic materials for the mitigation of mineral fouling | |
US20230258418A1 (en) | Heat exchanger process | |
US20210277515A1 (en) | Fluid contact process, coated article, and coating process | |
Shaikh et al. | Mitigation of CaCO3 fouling on heat exchanger surface using green functionalized carbon nanotubes (GFCNT) coating | |
Goswami et al. | Micro/Nanoscale surface modifications to combat heat exchanger fouling | |
Levina et al. | Minimizing deposit formation in industrial fluid heat exchangers | |
US20230074641A1 (en) | Biopharmaceutical manufacturing process and product | |
Kazi | Particulate matter: Interfacial properties, fouling, and its mitigation | |
Knudsen et al. | Influence of fouling on heat transfer | |
Zuodong et al. | Analysis of composite modified surface inhibiting particle fouling accumulation characteristics | |
Jing et al. | Dynamic laboratory research on synergistic scale inhibition effect of composite scale inhibitor and efficient electromagnetic anti-scaling instrument | |
Bott | Fouling control and energy conservation | |
Kolle et al. | Synergistic benefits of micro/nanostructured oil-impregnated surfaces in reducing fouling while enhancing heat transfer | |
Banakar et al. | Application of ultrasound in heat exchanger handling supersaturated CaSO4 solution for reduction of scaling by induced precipitation and in-situ cleaning | |
Mittelman et al. | The role of bacterial biofilms in contamination of process fluids by biological particulates | |
Ogunedo | Effects of fouling | |
S Rao et al. | Microbiologically Influenced Pitting Corrosion of Stainless Steel Type 316 in a Seawater Flow Through System | |
Cho et al. | Use of electronic descaling technology to control precipitation fouling in plate-and-frame heat exchangers | |
Garcia et al. | Quantitative Changes in Biofilms of a Seawater Tubular Heat Exchanger Subjected to Electromagnetic Fields Treatment |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21746843 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2021746843 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021746843 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230228 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |