WO2022023606A1 - Outil et procédé pour le décompactage de la surface de talus - Google Patents

Outil et procédé pour le décompactage de la surface de talus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022023606A1
WO2022023606A1 PCT/ES2021/070551 ES2021070551W WO2022023606A1 WO 2022023606 A1 WO2022023606 A1 WO 2022023606A1 ES 2021070551 W ES2021070551 W ES 2021070551W WO 2022023606 A1 WO2022023606 A1 WO 2022023606A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roller
bars
diametral
tines
slope
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2021/070551
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Other versions
WO2022023606A8 (fr
Inventor
Saturnino de Alba Alonso
Jose Francisco MARTIN DUQUE
Ignacio Mola Caballero de Rodas
Original Assignee
Universidad Complutense De Madrid
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ES202030817A external-priority patent/ES2796423B8/es
Priority claimed from ES202130400U external-priority patent/ES1264549Y/es
Application filed by Universidad Complutense De Madrid filed Critical Universidad Complutense De Madrid
Publication of WO2022023606A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022023606A1/fr
Publication of WO2022023606A8 publication Critical patent/WO2022023606A8/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B45/00—Machines for treating meadows or lawns, e.g. for sports grounds
    • A01B45/02—Machines for treating meadows or lawns, e.g. for sports grounds for aerating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines

Definitions

  • the present invention falls within the field of devices for treating the surface of the earth. More specifically, it refers to devices for preparing the soil during the finishing phase in the construction of slopes and for other slope maintenance operations, especially to promote revegetation and reduce erosion.
  • Patent ES2690731T3 protects a seamless geotextile network with a cellular structure for soil stabilization that can be used to reinforce slopes, embankment cones, retaining walls in constructions for transportation or hydraulic engineering, among others.
  • Document ES1071411 U proposes a protective covering for land comprising a layer of weft and warp fabric intended to be spread and fixed on the land to be protected and tubular wefts of natural fibers that contain seeds. The procedure is specially designed for arid and uncultivated land (devoid of plant cover), such as slopes, embankments, clearings, dunes or areas adjacent to infrastructures, affected by works; all this to protect them from erosion and facilitate the growth of a plant cover.
  • revegetation techniques are developed with two fundamental objectives: to produce landscape integration and minimize erosion. These techniques are mainly based on amendments to try to remedy the lack of soil (extensions of topsoil or fertile substrate, contributions of organic matter, nutrients, etc.) and introduce propagules (seeds) or individuals (plantations) of different plant species, to form a vegetative cover. If there is intense water erosion, the plant cover cannot be installed, due to the loss of soil, water available for plants, nutrients and seeds, and due to soil compaction, either due to loss of disaggregated surface material, or due to its 'sealed'.
  • Vegetative cover can attenuate erosion, but if there is intense erosion, it cannot develop, a dilemma that the usual revegetation techniques are not capable of adequately solving.
  • Increasing the quality of the microsite, and therefore its capacity to host biological communities, is revealed as a successful way to promote more efficient revegetation (Mola, I., Jiménez, MD, López-Jiménez, N., Casado, MA, Balaguer L. 2011. broadside claim outside the revegetation season: Management options under schedule pressure. Restoration Ecology 19: 83-92).
  • an implement is presented to perform mechanical decompacting operations on the slope surface.
  • the implement is designed to be installed on standard models of conventional civil engineering machinery, only needing to adapt the connection bracket in each case.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to an implement that includes a roller arranged as a central axis, from which a series of spikes or needles radiate out.
  • Each pair of tines is built from a diametral bar that crosses the central axis of rotation and protrudes on both sides of it, forming two opposite tines that are equal in length, which is why we call it a symmetrical diametral bar.
  • each tine may be made up of a radial bar which is inserted into the roller long enough to be securely fastened.
  • the part of the diametral bar or the radial bar that protrudes from the roller is called a spike.
  • the spikes protrude from the surface of the roller perpendicular to its diameter and are distributed around the roller in such a way that when rolling on the ground they produce a spatial pattern of impacts on the surface of the ground, as irregular and random as possible.
  • holes are made through which the radial bars or the symmetrical diametral bars are inserted.
  • the symmetrical diametral bars traverse the roller diametrically, generating two tines, one tine on each side of the roller.
  • the arrangement of the radial bars and the symmetrical diametral bars can be totally random or it can follow some pattern.
  • the tines can protrude every 45°, that is, being 0 o the vertical, a symmetrical diametral bar would be inserted at 0 o , another at 45 °, another at 90° and another at 135°, which would generate spikes at 0 o , 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270° and 315°, preferably avoiding repeating the same angle in consecutive spikes.
  • the present invention includes the necessary means and elements to keep the bars that form the pins held in position.
  • the bars that form the pins held in position can have two holes, arranged on each side of the external diameter of the roller, next to the surface of the same, to insert pins or bolts with which to fasten the bar to the roller.
  • other fastening elements to the roller can be used, such as threads.
  • An intermediate option is the asymmetrical diametrical bars that, on the one hand, protrude from the roller, forming the corresponding prong T and, on the opposite end, have the necessary length to be able to fasten them to the roller, by means of suitable elements.
  • holes can be made that are located next to the surface of the roller, in which pins or bolts will be inserted.
  • Another option is to generate a thickening of the asymmetrical bar material at the end that does not generate a barb, thickening of the type of the bolt heads or type thumbtack, which acts as a stop, and, at the opposite end, fasten the asymmetrical diametral bar using the necessary holes and pins.
  • the pins preferably have a length of between 20 and 45 cm and a diameter of between 20 and 35 mm.
  • the end of each pick is carved in the shape of a chisel with a flat, conical or pyramidal tip, which can be between 2 and 3 cm long.
  • the number of holes made to insert radial bars, symmetrical diametrical bars, or asymmetrical diametrical bars can be variable. They can be practiced, for example, every 50, 100, 120 mm or at any other distance. In the case of radial bars, several bars can be inserted at the same distance from one of the ends of the roller, but at angular distances between 90° and 270°. In addition, when preparing the implement for use, radial bars, symmetrical diameter bars or asymmetrical diameter bars can be included in all the holes present in the roller, or a certain number and distribution of bars can be selected to give rise to to the desired tine pattern.
  • the roller is made of hardened metals or metal alloys (including steel), with a diameter between 100 and 200 mm and a length of up to 2 m.
  • the bars that form the spikes are also preferably made of metal or metal alloys, forming resistant structures.
  • the implement also includes the necessary elements to be able to attach it to an articulated arm of civil works machinery such as a backhoe or Pathfinder articulated hydraulic crane, or to agricultural machinery.
  • these elements refer to a Y-shaped fork in which the roller axis is installed in two bearings, installed in the lateral arms of the fork, in such a way that the implement can rotate freely, without any mechanical traction.
  • the Y of the fork can take various shapes: hemioctagonal, hemirectangular, semicircular or any shape that provides two support points for the roller and allows it to rotate freely.
  • the implement allows for decompacting the soil or substrate, spatially distributed in a non-continuous way (in a mosaic) on the surface of the space to be treated.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of decompacting the surface of a slope that includes making punctual, isolated breaks in the surface crust of the soil, creating micro-depressions characterized by having a small central hole, with an ovoid plane and lateral slightly raised, as 'microcraters', affecting a variable surface of between 25 and 50 cm 2 .
  • These punctual ruptures of the surface crust of the soil are distributed spatially on the plane of the slope, in an isolated and discontinuous way, and in the form of a mosaic.
  • one aspect of the invention refers to the method of decompacting the surface of a slope that includes the use of an implement such as the one described in this specification, coupled to the arm articulated from a civil works machine such as a Palfinger backhoe or articulated hydraulic crane, or to agricultural machinery, rolling it on the surface of the slope so that the tines dig into the surface of the slope to an average depth of 5 to 10 cm .
  • This method is preferably indicated for lithological substrates that, although they may be slightly consolidated or cemented, are not hard rocks.
  • substrates for which it is indicated are: gravel, sand, silt and slightly consolidated or cemented clay; arkose; shales; plasters; loams; different types of slope debris; regoliths and soils (edaphic) of all kinds.
  • rocky substrates for which it is not indicated are: all types of igneous and metamorphic rocks that are not weathered (for example: basalts, granites, gneisses, schists, slates or quartzites) and highly lithified sedimentary rocks (limestone or dolomites, among others).
  • this treatment has effects on the physical fertility of the slope, which include: a) the breaking of the superficial crust of the soil, which increases permeability and infiltration, and with it the availability of water for plants; b) the creation of a mosaic of runoff ‘micro-sinks’, which reduces water losses and erosion; c) increased surface roughness, which reduces the rate and speed of material transport (water, soil particles, nutrients, seeds); and d) the generation of microroughness that act as traps for capturing seeds and nutrients (such as organic matter in the form of litter, for example).
  • the implement can be used both in the finishing phase, that is, during the construction of the slope terrain, and in its maintenance operations, during the exploitation/operation phase.
  • the tool will allow mosaic decompaction treatments to be carried out on the surface layer of soil, minimizing damage to pre-existing vegetation.
  • the decompaction is applied in a punctual manner and distributed discontinuously on the slope. This minimizes the impact that this operation could produce on the existing vegetation on the slope.
  • the very design of the tool which means that the central roller is always raised above the ground, at a minimum height of 15 cm, reduces damage to the existing vegetation cover.
  • the effects of the use of the tool on the final density of microdepressions that remain on the surface of the slope will depend on various factors, such as the nature of the lithological material that constitutes it, texture, presence of gravel, compaction, initial roughness of the surface; or the conditions of application of the treatment, such as the humidity in the soil, the number and direction of the passes that are applied, etc.; also of the physical characteristics and specific dimensions of the implement model used.
  • Figure 1 Schematic view with a possible embodiment of the implement.
  • Figure 2 Schematic view of a possible embodiment of the roller (1) and longitudinal section.
  • Figure 3 Schematic side view of a possible implementation of the implement.
  • Asymmetrical diametral bar (7) fastened to the roller (1) by means of holes for pins.
  • a hollow tube roller (1) was made of 4140 steel (low alloy steel of the Cr-Mo series -chromium molybdenum-), 1000 mm long and with external and internal diameters of 130 and 109 mm, respectively.
  • a series of holes (5) of 20 mm diameter (figure 2) were made in the roller (1) in which 19 symmetrical diametrical bars (8) were inserted, perpendicular to its axis, to give rise to 38 spikes (2 ) 30 cm long and 20 mm in diameter each, made of tempered steel.
  • the 38 tines (2) were made from 19 diametral bars that cross the central axis of rotation and protrude on both sides of it (figure 4D), each symmetrical diametral bar (8) forming two (2) opposite tines of equal length.
  • the distance between tines along the length of the roller (1) was set at 53 mm.
  • the end of each point was ground into a 2.5 cm long flat chisel.
  • two holes were made in them 65.5 mm from the center of each bar, through which two pins were inserted.
  • a fork (4) was also manufactured in tempered iron, 10 mm thick. At the ends of the roller (1) two pieces were welded that served as a cover and shaft for the bearings (3) which, once mounted on the roller (1), were fixed to the side arms (41) of the fork (4 ).
  • Example 4 An implement like the one described in example 1 was made, with an external diameter of roller (1) of 200 mm and a length of 1200 mm; with a total of 48 tines (2) 20 cm long and 30 mm in diameter, placed 50 mm apart along the roller (1). Their distribution followed the same sequence as in example 2.
  • a microtopography was created characterized by presenting a central depression with an ovoid plane, elongated in the rolling direction of the implement, and slightly raised sides, in the form of very large 'microcraters'. small diameter, affecting a variable area of between 25 and 50 cm 2 .
  • the small areas of modified soil were spatially distributed on the surface of the slope in an isolated and discontinuous way, and almost randomly.
  • the effective length of the tines (2) in meters (m) refers to the sum of the length of the tine (2) plus 1/2 of the diameter of the roller (1) and minus the average depth of incision of the tine in the ground (7.5cm);
  • Num/m 2 refers to the number of microdepressions per square meter and per pass.
  • the surface of each microdepression ranged between 25-50 cm 2 (Table 1), therefore, the surface decompacted by the implement in each pass ranged between 3.5-15 cm2. % of the total, depending on the distribution of the tines (2) of the implement used. It can be verified how the density of microdepressions per surface unit increases the smaller the distance between spikes and the shorter their length. Local characteristics such as climate, soil type, slope, presence of vegetation, previous surface treatments (spreading of topsoil and others), will determine the convenience of carrying out one or more passes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil et un procédé pour le décompactage de la surface de talus. La présente invention concerne un outil pour préparer le sol pendant la phase de finition lors de la construction de talus et autres opérations d'entretien de talus, notamment, favoriser leur revégétalisation et réduire l'érosion. L'outil présente un rouleau (1) dans lequel s'insèrent des barres diamétrales symétriques (8) qui génèrent des paires de pointes (2), des barres diamétrales asymétriques (7) ou des barres radiales (6) qui génèrent des pointes (2), qui font saillie de la surface du rouleau (1). Le rouleau est inséré dans une fourche (4) au moyen de roulements (3) qui permettent sa rotation libre, sans nécessiter de traction mécanique ni d'éléments pour son accouplement au bras articulé d'une machine de travaux civils ou agricoles. L'invention concerne également un procédé pour préparer ou maintenir la surface de talus qui comprend l'utilisation de l'outil de l'invention.
PCT/ES2021/070551 2020-07-31 2021-07-22 Outil et procédé pour le décompactage de la surface de talus WO2022023606A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES202030817A ES2796423B8 (es) 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 Metodo para la descompactacion de la superficie de taludes
ESP202030817 2020-07-31
ES202130400U ES1264549Y (es) 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 Apero para la descompactacion de la superficie de taludes
ESU202130400 2020-07-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022023606A1 true WO2022023606A1 (fr) 2022-02-03
WO2022023606A8 WO2022023606A8 (fr) 2023-12-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2021/070551 WO2022023606A1 (fr) 2020-07-31 2021-07-22 Outil et procédé pour le décompactage de la surface de talus

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WO (1) WO2022023606A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2891335A (en) * 1955-06-02 1959-06-23 Fred H Linneman Road repair equipment roller attachment for graders
US2902099A (en) * 1957-01-14 1959-09-01 John J Yafjack Lawn scarifier
DE3241135A1 (de) * 1982-02-02 1983-08-11 Bernhard 4740 Oelde Farwick Vertikutiergeraet
US5101910A (en) * 1990-11-05 1992-04-07 Dawson Timothy D Segmented soil aerator attachable to riding mower
US20080053670A1 (en) * 2006-07-26 2008-03-06 Donald Lee Jarmer Aerator attachment for mower

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2891335A (en) * 1955-06-02 1959-06-23 Fred H Linneman Road repair equipment roller attachment for graders
US2902099A (en) * 1957-01-14 1959-09-01 John J Yafjack Lawn scarifier
DE3241135A1 (de) * 1982-02-02 1983-08-11 Bernhard 4740 Oelde Farwick Vertikutiergeraet
US5101910A (en) * 1990-11-05 1992-04-07 Dawson Timothy D Segmented soil aerator attachable to riding mower
US20080053670A1 (en) * 2006-07-26 2008-03-06 Donald Lee Jarmer Aerator attachment for mower

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2022023606A8 (fr) 2023-12-21

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