WO2022021009A1 - 基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法、系统及区块链平台 - Google Patents

基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法、系统及区块链平台 Download PDF

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WO2022021009A1
WO2022021009A1 PCT/CN2020/104895 CN2020104895W WO2022021009A1 WO 2022021009 A1 WO2022021009 A1 WO 2022021009A1 CN 2020104895 W CN2020104895 W CN 2020104895W WO 2022021009 A1 WO2022021009 A1 WO 2022021009A1
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blockchain
certificate
electronic certificate
electronic
management method
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PCT/CN2020/104895
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English (en)
French (fr)
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田保强
周才廷
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王李琰
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/104895 priority Critical patent/WO2022021009A1/zh
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof

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  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electronic vouchers, and more particularly, to a method, system and blockchain platform for the circulation management of electronic vouchers based on blockchain.
  • Electronic vouchers are usually issued independently by commercial entities, individuals or devices for exchange of goods and services, cash credit, identity authentication, etc. As shown in Figure 1, the life cycle of electronic vouchers is as follows:
  • the electronic certificate issuer may distribute one or a series of electronic certificates to the intermediary service party one by one or in batches for the sale or circulation of the certificates;
  • the intermediary service party displays the sales information of the electronic voucher through online channels, collects payment through various payment methods, and delivers it online to complete the sale;
  • the system transaction data is easy to be tampered with, and the traces of tampering are deleted, resulting in higher internal and external risks.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that, aiming at the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, it provides a blockchain-based electronic voucher circulation management method; and also provides a blockchain-based electronic voucher circulation management system and a blockchain-based electronic voucher circulation management system. Blockchain platform.
  • the first step generate an electronic certificate T, and encrypt the key identification information of the electronic certificate T with the key K;
  • Step 2 Embed the encrypted result of the electronic certificate T into the blockchain token Z, which is the only mapping of the electronic certificate T on the blockchain;
  • Step 3 Use the blockchain token Z as the basic object to perform one or more operations of issuance, sales, circulation and write-off.
  • the blockchain-based electronic certificate circulation management method of the present invention wherein the first step further includes a method: multiple key administrators manage the fragmented keys k1, k2,...,kn held by each of them , when the encryption function is used, the key administrators each pass in the shard key in the secure encryption hardware, and combine to form the final key K.
  • the blockchain-based electronic certificate circulation management method of the present invention wherein, the first step further includes a method:
  • the key identification information of the electronic certificate T is encrypted with the final key K and stored;
  • the blockchain-based electronic certificate circulation management method of the present invention wherein, the first step further includes a method:
  • the electronic voucher in the first step, can be independently generated by the issuer's system, or can be directly generated in the blockchain certificate.
  • the third step further includes a method: for the existing tokens z1, z2, ..., zn that have not been distributed on the blockchain, the Persons with fixed keys operate and distribute to the user's address independently according to their business needs.
  • the third step further includes a method: in the creation stage of the blockchain token Z, the properties of the blockchain token can be set to complete the process. Restrictions on the circulation process of the pass; the user who has obtained the block chain pass can view the attribute settings of the block chain pass, and freely transfer the block chain pass that is allowed to circulate on the block chain to other users square.
  • the third step further includes a method:
  • the issuer provides a method for generating a write-off certificate
  • the post-sale terminal application displays the write-off certificate according to a predetermined method, and uses it in a scenario designated by the issuer.
  • a blockchain-based electronic voucher circulation management system which includes a token module, an encryption module, a storage module, an identity module and a third-party payment module;
  • the token module complete the issuance, circulation and write-off of blockchain tokens
  • the encryption module completes the encryption and decryption process when various types of credentials are stored and withdrawn from the blockchain token on the blockchain;
  • the storage module completes the data storage and reading of each link in the system
  • the identity module manages the identities and permissions of various users on the blockchain, and completes the signature and verification of transactions;
  • the third-party payment module completes the purchase and sale settlement of the blockchain token and legal tender on the blockchain, as well as the ticket settlement with the original ticket issuer.
  • a blockchain platform according to the above-mentioned blockchain-based electronic certificate circulation management method, wherein the blockchain platform is used to realize the blockchain-based electronic certificate circulation management method.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the present invention encrypts the electronic certificate and embeds it in the blockchain certificate, and uses the blockchain as the basic accounting method and accounting audit tool to establish a safe and reliable relationship between the electronic certificate issuer and the user.
  • the connection ensures the efficient and safe use and management of electronic vouchers; the invention solves the problems of repeated sales and double spending of vouchers, intermediate links and self-authentication problems of consumers holding vouchers, and at the same time ensures the data security of vouchers and automatic accounting Auditing reduces the internal risks of applications to the greatest extent, and also supports a variety of application scenarios, which can meet the security requirements of management and sales in various scenarios.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of the life cycle of an electronic certificate
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for managing the circulation of electronic vouchers based on a block chain according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the verification and write-off of an electronic certificate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the verification and write-off of an electronic certificate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the verification and write-off of an electronic certificate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a blockchain-based electronic certificate circulation management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the blockchain-based electronic certificate circulation management method includes the following steps:
  • S01 generate an electronic certificate T, and encrypt the key identification information of the electronic certificate T with a key K;
  • the invention encrypts the electronic certificate and embeds it in the block chain certificate, and uses the block chain as the basic bookkeeping method and accounting audit tool to establish a safe and reliable connection between the electronic certificate issuer and the user, and to ensure the security of the electronic certificate. Efficient and safe use and administration;
  • the electronic certificate is encrypted and embedded in the certificate, in this system, the electronic certificate can be traced in the blockchain data throughout the entire life cycle of issuance, sales, circulation, and write-off.
  • each transaction automatically backtracks the previous associated transaction and completes the transaction audit, thereby automatically completing the full life cycle accounting audit of the electronic certificate in the system;
  • the invention solves the problems of repeated sales and double spending of vouchers, intermediate links and self-verification of consumers holding vouchers, and at the same time ensures data security of vouchers, automatic auditing of accounts, reduces the internal risk of applications to the greatest extent, and supports Rich application scenarios can meet the security requirements of management and sales in various scenarios.
  • the first step also includes a method: multiple key administrators manage the fragmented keys k1, k2, . . . HSM—Hardware Security Module) incoming fragment key, combined to form the final key K; in order to reduce the internal risk of the system and disperse the risk of internal personnel operation, to ensure that the key is not leaked, and the encryption and decryption operations can be audited.
  • multiple key administrators manage the fragmented keys k1, k2, . . . HSM—Hardware Security Module) incoming fragment key, combined to form the final key K; in order to reduce the internal risk of the system and disperse the risk of internal personnel operation, to ensure that the key is not leaked, and the encryption and decryption operations can be audited.
  • the first step also includes a method:
  • the key identification information of the electronic certificate T (such as certificate code, certificate password, etc.) is encrypted with the final key K and stored;
  • the first step also includes a method:
  • the electronic vouchers mT of the corresponding series are encrypted and imported with K, and then split into m corresponding series on the chain.
  • mT1,mT2,...,mTm the undirected electronic vouchers mT packaged with m electronic vouchers can be mapped to m tokens on the chain for storage;
  • the electronic certificate can be independently generated by the issuer's system, and the method and system can also be directly generated in the blockchain certificate. Management efficiency, saving management costs.
  • the intermediary service party can sell through its channel.
  • the blockchain tokens z1, z2, ..., zn that have been obtained by the intermediary service party as the basic sales object to ensure that there will be no oversell, wrong sale, or missed sale during large-scale sales (high concurrency of purchase requests). etc. error condition.
  • the specific explanation is as follows:
  • Ss provides z1, z2,..., zn through sales channels, and uses Sp as the fund acquiring service.
  • Sb has an independently managed account address (ie, blockchain wallet address) on the Ss chain;
  • Sb sends a purchase invitation to Ss to purchase z1, that is, to place an order and prepare for payment;
  • Ss sends a payment request PR (payment request) through Sp, embeds the unique identification information of z1 in the payment request, sets the status of z1 on the chain as occupied, and specifies the target to be transferred as Sb;
  • Sb receives the payment request PR from Sp, and uses the account opened in Sp to complete the payment;
  • Sp informs Ss that Sb has completed the payment, and sends Ss the payment credentials of PR and Sb;
  • Ss After Ss receives the payment confirmation information from Sp, it transfers z1 to Sb on the chain (ie distribution), that is, the sales and distribution of the electronic vouchers corresponding to z1 are completed.
  • the above sales process avoids oversale, wrong sale, omission and other errors in the sales process of the blockchain token, which ensures the reliability of the electronic certificate corresponding to the token. Sales.
  • the third step also includes a method: the existing tokens z1, z2, ..., zn that have not been distributed on the blockchain can be operated by those who hold a fixed key, and can be independently sent to the user according to their business needs. address to distribute.
  • this step can use a combination of fragmented keys to diversify operator risks; it can also use multi-signature to complete authentication before distribution, providing more flexibility for actual business. and convenience.
  • the third step also includes a method: in the creation stage of the blockchain token Z, the restriction in the circulation process of the token can be completed by setting the attributes of the blockchain token; the use of the blockchain token that has been obtained By viewing the property settings of the blockchain token, the blockchain token that is allowed to be circulated can be freely transferred to other users on the blockchain chain.
  • the circulation of the certificate is equivalent to the circulation of the electronic certificate.
  • the issuer provides a method for generating write-off vouchers, and the post-sale terminal application displays the write-off voucher according to the established method, and uses it in the scenario specified by the issuer.
  • the verification process of the two methods is as follows:
  • Method 1 The user uses the token it holds to apply to the system for a verification certificate corresponding to the electronic certificate.
  • the system decrypts the certificate information embedded in the token through the encryption module, and applies to the issuer for the corresponding verification certificate (such as Payment code), after obtaining the verification certificate, transfer it to the user, and the user can complete the use verification in the scenario designated by the issuer with the verification certificate.
  • the issuer After the issuer completes the write-off, it sends the write-off result to the blockchain system (as shown in Figure 3) to complete the write-off (or destroy) of the certificate on the chain.
  • the step of obtaining the verification voucher can be omitted (see Figure 4);
  • Method 2 The user uses the certificate held by it to apply to the system for a write-off certificate corresponding to the electronic certificate.
  • the system decrypts the certificate information embedded in the certificate through the encryption module, and generates the write-off certificate according to the method provided by the issuer. Generate write-off vouchers for consumers so that they can use write-offs in scenarios specified by the issuer. After the issuer completes the write-off, it will send the write-off result to the blockchain system to complete the verification (or destroy the token) on the chain (see Figure 5);
  • the issuer also uses the blockchain system as the electronic certificate issuance and management system, it can further improve the efficiency in this link and avoid the double-spending problem when the issuer's certificate is used.
  • a blockchain-based electronic certificate circulation management system includes a token module 1, an encryption module 2, a storage module 3, and an identity module 4. and third-party payment module 5;
  • Token module 1 Complete the issuance, circulation and write-off of blockchain tokens
  • Encryption module 2 Complete the encryption and decryption process when various types of credentials are stored and withdrawn from the blockchain token on the blockchain;
  • Storage module 3 Complete the data storage and reading of each link in the system
  • Identity module 4 Manage the identities and permissions of various users on the blockchain, and complete the signature and verification of transactions;
  • Third-party payment module 5 Complete the purchase and sale settlement of blockchain tokens and fiat currencies on the blockchain, as well as the ticket settlement with the original ticket issuer.
  • a blockchain platform according to the above-mentioned blockchain-based electronic voucher circulation management method, the blockchain platform is used to realize the blockchain-based electronic voucher circulation management method.
  • the blockchain token (Token) in the blockchain is the basic encrypted data unit used to represent assets or rights and interests on the blockchain. It can be native on the chain, or it can be an online asset or equity certificate mapped to the chain. , and it can also be an offline asset or equity mapped to the chain.
  • the token contains at least the identity information of the token owner and the asset or equity data information (such as quantity, type, applicable conditions, etc.). Tokens can be native on the chain or managed within smart contracts;
  • Embodiment 1 (applicable to stored value consumption, exchange and consumption of virtual goods and services, etc.):
  • Mall J issues a 100 yuan electronic shopping card through its own system, including card number, conditions of use, scope of application and other information;
  • the shopping card dealer S uses the system TS of the present invention, cooperates with the shopping mall J, pre-orders a batch of shopping cards, obtains the corresponding electronic shopping card number (electronic certificate), encrypts the card number (card secret) using the method of the present invention, and stores it. Each card generates a unique certificate on the chain;
  • the distributor S sells the electronic shopping card T to the consumer C through its sales channel, and C obtains the token Tc on the chain;
  • Consumer C uses the shopping card certificate Tc in the scenarios designated by J, and completes the write-off by virtue of the write-off certificate identifiable by J;
  • J informs TS of the write-off amount and remaining amount of Tc
  • Embodiment 2 (applicable to agents with limited resources in a limited time, such as train tickets, movie tickets, etc.):
  • Studio W issues a movie ticket for a certain movie M through its own system, including the ticket number, seat number, applicable time, scope of application, etc.;
  • the unique certificate before using it in the scenario specified by W, the unique certificate can be donated to any friend;
  • Embodiment 3 (applicable to space leasing such as residential rental and sales, parking space rental and sales, etc.):
  • the property company M of a certain commercial building issues a time-limited pass for the restricted area D in the building to the visitor through the TS system of the present invention
  • M authorizes m tokens to be issued to K in TS (K only has the right to issue for a limited time);
  • K can sell TM in its own channels, or can entrust the event operator S to sell TM in its corresponding channels;
  • Activity participants can complete the purchase of time-limited pass TM from K's channel or S's channel through the third-party payment module of the TS system in order to participate in the activities held by K on X day;
  • K or M can limit the time limit and times of use of TM.
  • Embodiment 4 (valuable identity certificate or limited identity certificate applicable to limited areas such as scenic spots and conferences):
  • a certain tourist attraction P issues a pass TP in the area D and a token CD in the area D through the TS system of the present invention
  • T P can be used as both a passable identity certificate and a stored value account for the passage and consumption of various items in the area;
  • Scenic Spot S can sell TP through its own channel or entrust other channel A, and the sale of TP is completed through the third-party payment module in TS;

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Abstract

一种基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,包括以下步骤:生成电子凭证T,对电子凭证T的关键识别信息采用密钥K加密(S01);将电子凭证T加密后的结果嵌入区块链通证Z中,区块链通证Z为电子凭证T在区块链上的唯一映射(S02);以区块链通证Z作为基本对象进行发行、销售、流转和核销中一种或多种操作(S03)。本方法将电子凭证加密后嵌入区块链通证中,以区块链作为基础记账方式和账务审计工具,为电子凭证发行方和使用方之间建立安全可靠的连接,确保电子凭证的使用和管理的高效安全。

Description

基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法、系统及区块链平台 技术领域
本发明涉及电子凭证技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法、系统及区块链平台。
背景技术
电子凭证通常由商业主体、个人或设备自主发行,用于商品和服务兑换、现金抵用、身份认证等;如图1所示,电子凭证的生命周期如下:
1.各类主体自主发行电子凭证,通常包括唯一编号,适用对象、适用时间周期及适用范围等使用条件信息;
2.电子凭证发行方根据与居间服务方的合作关系,可逐个或批量向居间服务方派发一个或一系列电子凭证,用于凭证的销售或流转;
3.居间服务方将电子凭证的销售信息通过在线渠道展示,并通过多种支付方式收款,并在线上交付,完成销售;
4.消费者从居间服务方购得电子凭证后,可凭电子凭证对应的核销信息,在发行方指定的适用场景使用该凭证,完成核销;
目前,电子凭证的管理、销售和核销使用通常面临以下问题:
1.同一电子凭证被重复销售、重复使用(双花);
2.电子凭证难以验真或无法验真,凭证直至其使用时才能得到验真;
3.凭证信息的系统内部风险:在存储、传输、使用等环节存在通过内部渠道无意或恶意泄露,导致资产损失或被盗;
4.系统内部被攻破后,存储的凭证信息被窃取;
5.系统交易数据易被篡改,并且篡改痕迹被删除,导致较高的内部风险和外部风险。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,针对现有技术的上述缺陷,提供一种基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法;还提供了一种基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理系统及一种区块链平台。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
构造一种基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其包括以下步骤:
第一步:生成电子凭证T,对电子凭证T的关键识别信息采用密钥K加密;
第二步:将电子凭证T加密后的结果嵌入区块链通证Z中,区块链通证Z为电子凭证T在区块链上的唯一映射;
第三步:以区块链通证Z作为基本对象进行发行、销售、流转和核销中一种或多种操作。
本发明所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其中,所述第一步中还包括方法:由多个密钥管理员管理各自持有碎片化密钥k1,k2,…,kn,使用加密功能时,密钥管理员各自在安全加密硬件中传入碎片密钥,组合形成最终密钥K。
本发明所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其中,所述第一步中还包括方法:
对于预先获取电子凭证的情形,将电子凭证T的关键识别信息使用最终密钥K加密后存储;
对于按需获取电子凭证的情形,根据销售和最终客户端的实际需求,每次需要派发电子凭证Tn时,从发行方获取电子凭证Ti(i=1,2,…,n),在电子凭证被使用前通过最终密钥K加密。
本发明所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其中,所述第一步中还包括方法:
对于预先获取电子凭证的使用/派发资格的情形,将对应系列的电子凭证mT使用K加密导入后,在链上拆分为m个对应的通证mT1,mT2,…,mTm,即可将m个电子凭证打包后的不定向电子凭证mT映射为链上的m个通证进行存储;
对于预先取得部分非特定指向凭证的情形,此类凭证在使用时才兑换为与使用场景关联的凭证兑付使用,需关联一个凭证转换或交易中心;将非特定指向凭证使用K加密后,在链上唯一映射为uTm;每当需要完成一次兑付时,从凭证兑换中心取得与场景关联的最小可用指向性凭证,并将uT做转出和使用操作,使用时,uT被拆分为uT1、uTm-1。
本发明所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其中,所述第一步中,所述电子凭证可由发行方系统自主生成,也可以在区块链通证中直接生成。
本发明所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其中,所述第三步中还包括方法:对已存在区块链上尚未派发的通证z1,z2,…,zn,可由持有固定密钥的人员进行操作,根据其业务需求自主向使用方的地址派发。
本发明所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其中,所述第三步中还包括方法:在区块链通证Z创建阶段,可以通过设置区块链通证的属性,完成通证流转过程中的限定;已取得区块链通证的使用方,可视区块链通证的属性设置,将允许流转的区块链通证在区块链链上自由流转给其他使用方。
本发明所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其中,所述第三步中还包括方法:
与发行方联动,以电子凭证的相关信息为依据,获取核销凭证,凭核销凭证在发行方指定的场景下使用核销;
或者,发行方提供生成核销凭证的方法,由销售后的终端应用,根据既定的方法展示核销凭证,在发行方指定的场景下核销使用。
一种基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理系统,根据上述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其中,包括通证模块、加密模块、存储模块、身份模块和第三方支付模块;
所述通证模块:完成区块链通证的发行、流转和核销;
所述加密模块:完成各类凭证在区块链上区块链通证中存入和取出时的加密和解密流程;
所述存储模块:完成系统中各环节的数据存储和读取;
所述身份模块:管理区块链上各类用户的身份和权限,并完成交易的签名和验签;
所述第三方支付模块:完成区块链上区块链通证与法定货币的购销结算,以及与原始票证发行方的票证结算。
一种区块链平台,根据上述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其中,所述区块链平台用于实现所述基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明将电子凭证加密后嵌入区块链通证中,以区块链作为基础记账方式和账务审计工具,为电子凭证发行方和使用方之间建立安全可靠的连接,确保电子凭证的使用和管理的高效安全;本发明解决了凭证重复销售和双花的问题、中间环节和消费者持凭证自助验真的问题,同时确 保凭证的数据安全,账务自动审计,最大程度降低了应用的内部风险,此外还支持丰富的应用场景,能够满足各场景的管理和销售的安全需求。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的部分实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图:
图1是电子凭证生命周期示意框图;
图2是本发明较佳实施例的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法流程图;
图3是本发明较佳实施例的电子凭证的核销说明示意图;
图4是本发明较佳实施例的电子凭证的核销说明示意图;
图5是本发明较佳实施例的电子凭证的核销说明示意图;
图6是本发明较佳实施例的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理系统原理框图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明较佳实施例的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,如图1所示, 同时参阅图2-5,包括以下步骤:
S01:生成电子凭证T,对电子凭证T的关键识别信息采用密钥K加密;
S02:将电子凭证T加密后的结果嵌入区块链通证Z中,区块链通证Z为电子凭证T在区块链上的唯一映射;
S03:以区块链通证Z作为基本对象进行发行、销售、流转和核销中一种或多种操作;
本发明将电子凭证加密后嵌入区块链通证中,以区块链作为基础记账方式和账务审计工具,为电子凭证发行方和使用方之间建立安全可靠的连接,确保电子凭证的使用和管理的高效安全;
电子凭证由于加密后嵌入通证,因此,在本系统中,电子凭证从发行、销售、流转、核销全生命周期均能在区块链数据中完成追溯。并且,基于区块链的通证交易特性,每笔交易时自动回溯前一关联交易,完成交易审计,从而在系统中自动完成电子凭证的全生命周期账务审计;
本发明解决了凭证重复销售和双花的问题、中间环节和消费者持凭证自助验真的问题,同时确保凭证的数据安全,账务自动审计,最大程度降低了应用的内部风险,此外还支持丰富的应用场景,能够满足各场景的管理和销售的安全需求。
优选的,第一步中还包括方法:由多个密钥管理员管理各自持有碎片化密钥k1,k2,…,kn,使用加密功能时,密钥管理员各自在安全加密硬件(如HSM—Hardware Security Module)中传入碎片密钥,组合形成最终密钥K;以降低系统内部风险和分散内部人员操作风险,确保密钥不被泄露,且加解密操作可审计。
优选的,第一步中还包括方法:
对于预先获取电子凭证的情形(Pre-fetch),将电子凭证T的关键识别信息(如凭证编码、凭证密码等)使用最终密钥K加密后存储;
对于按需获取电子凭证的情形(On-demand),根据销售和最终客户端的实际需求,每次需要派发电子凭证Tn时,从发行方获取电子凭证Ti(i=1,2,…,n),在电子凭证被使用前通过最终密钥K加密。
优选的,第一步中还包括方法:
对于预先获取电子凭证的使用/派发资格(Packaged)的情形,将对应系列(批量打包,如m个最终凭证的集合)的电子凭证mT使用K加密导入后,在链上拆分为m个对应的通证mT1,mT2,…,mTm,即可将m个电子凭证打包后的不定向电子凭证mT映射为链上的m个通证进行存储;
对于预先取得部分非特定指向凭证(Unspecified)的情形,此类凭证在使用时才兑换为与使用场景关联的凭证兑付使用,需关联一个凭证转换或交易中心;将非特定指向凭证(总量m)使用K加密后,在链上唯一映射为uTm(计包含数量为m);每当需要完成一次兑付时,从凭证兑换中心取得与场景关联的最小可用指向性凭证,并将uT做转出和使用操作,使用时,uT被拆分为uT1、uTm-1。
优选的,第一步中,电子凭证可由发行方系统自主生成,对接本方法及系统,也可以在区块链通证中直接生成,将更便于电子凭证的管理,提升电子凭证全生命周期的管理效率,节约管理成本。
较佳的,对于有价凭证,居间服务方可通过其渠道进行销售。销售时,以居间服务方已得到的区块链通证z1,z2,…,zn为基本销售对象,以确保大规模销售(购买请求高并发)时不会出现超售、错售、漏发等错误情况。具体阐释如下:
对于购买方Sb,销售方Ss,支付收单方Sp,一种典型的销售过程为:
1.Ss通过销售渠道提供z1,z2,…,zn,以Sp作为资金收单服务方,Sb在Ss的链上拥有独立管理的账户地址(即区块链钱包地址);
2.Sb向Ss发出购买邀约,购买z1,即下订单准备支付;
3.Ss通过Sp发出支付请求PR(payment request),在支付请求中嵌入z1的唯一标识信息,同时将链上z1状态置为已占用,并指定待转目标为Sb;
4.Sb收到Sp的支付请求PR,使用在Sp中开设的账户完成支付;
5.Sp通知Ss,Sb已支付完成,并向Ss发送PR和Sb的支付凭据;
6.Ss收到Sp的支付确认信息后,将z1在链上转给Sb(即派发),即完成z1对应的电子凭证的销售和派发。
基于链上数据不可篡改和可追溯特性,上述销售过程避免了区块链通证在销售过程中的超售、错售、漏发等错误情况,即确保了通证所对应的电子凭证的可靠销售。
上述销售过程在链上得到如实记录,为财务审计提供了翔实的交易数据。特别地,Sp与Ss的支付协议交互(第3、5、6步)可通过链上智能合约完成,以支持销售账目的自动审计;
优选的,第三步中还包括方法:对已存在区块链上尚未派发的通证z1,z2,…,zn,可由持有固定密钥的人员进行操作,根据其业务需求自主向使用方的地址派发。
与电子凭证的获取和存储步骤相同,该步骤可使用碎片化密钥的组合,分散操作人员风险;也可以采用多重签名的方式,完成在派发前的鉴权,为实际业务提供更多灵活性和便利性。
优选的,第三步中还包括方法:在区块链通证Z创建阶段,可以通过设置 区块链通证的属性,完成通证流转过程中的限定;已取得区块链通证的使用方,可视区块链通证的属性设置,将允许流转的区块链通证在区块链链上自由流转给其他使用方。
由于通证中嵌入了电子凭证的映射加密数据,通证的流转等效于电子凭证的流转。
优选的,使用方在使用电子凭证时,有以下两种方式:
1.与发行方联动,以电子凭证的相关信息为依据,获取核销凭证,凭核销凭证在发行方指定的场景下使用核销;
2.发行方提供生成核销凭证的方法,由销售后的终端应用,根据既定的方法展示核销凭证,在发行方指定的场景下核销使用。
具体而言,对于转换为通证后的电子凭证,两种方式的核销流程如下:
方式1:使用方使用其持有的通证向系统申请对应电子凭证的核销凭证,系统通过加密模块将通证中嵌入的凭证信息解密,并向发行方申请获取对应的核销凭证(如付款码),获取后将核销凭证转给使用方,使用方即可凭核销凭证在发行方指定的场景完成使用核销。发行方完成核销后,将核销结果发送给区块链系统(如图3所示),以完成链上的通证核销(或销毁通证)。以上过程中,获取核销凭证的步骤可省略(见图4);
方式2:使用方使用其持有的通证,向系统申请对应电子凭证的核销凭证,系统通过加密模块将通证中嵌入的凭证信息解密,并根据发行方提供的核销凭证生成方法,为使用方生成核销凭证,以便其在发行方指定的场景使用核销。发行方完成核销后,将核销结果发送给区块链系统,以完成链上的通证核销(或销毁通证)(见图5);
上述两种方式中,若发行方也使用区块链系统作为电子凭证发行和管理系 统,则可以在该环节进一步提高效率,避免发行方凭证使用时的双花问题。
一种基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理系统,根据上述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,如图6所示,包括通证模块1、加密模块2、存储模块3、身份模块4和第三方支付模块5;
通证模块1:完成区块链通证的发行、流转和核销;
加密模块2:完成各类凭证在区块链上区块链通证中存入和取出时的加密和解密流程;
存储模块3:完成系统中各环节的数据存储和读取;
身份模块4:管理区块链上各类用户的身份和权限,并完成交易的签名和验签;
第三方支付模块5:完成区块链上区块链通证与法定货币的购销结算,以及与原始票证发行方的票证结算。
一种区块链平台,根据上述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,区块链平台用于实现基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法。
对本申请中的现有技术区块链通证说明如下:
区块链中区块链通证(Token)是区块链上用以表示资产或权益的基本加密数据单元,可以是链上原生的,也可以是映射到链上的线上资产或权益凭证,还可以是映射到链上的线下资产或权益。通证至少包含了通证所有者的身份信息以及资产或权益数据信息(如数量、类型、适用条件等)。通证在链上可以为原生的,也可以是在智能合约内管理的;
具体实施例:
实施例一(适用于储值消费、虚拟商品和服务的兑换和消费等):
1.商场J通过自有系统发行100元电子购物卡,包含卡号、使用条件、适 用范围等信息;
2.购物卡经销商S使用本发明的系统TS,与商场J合作,预购一批购物卡,获得对应电子购物卡卡号(电子凭证),将卡号(卡密)采用本发明方法加密存储并将每张卡在链上对应生成唯一凭证;
3.经销商S在其销售渠道将电子购物卡T售卖给消费者C,C获得链上的通证Tc;
4.消费者C在Tc被核销前,可在TS系统中将通证Tc转赠给其任一好友;
5.消费者C凭购物卡通证Tc在J指定场景下使用,凭借J可识别的核销凭证,完成核销;
6.核销后完成,J通知TS关于Tc的核销金额和剩余金额;
7.TS将C的Tc按J的通知结果完成链上核销。
实施例二(适用有限时间内有限资源的代理商分配销售,如车船票、电影票等):
1.影城W通过自有系统发行某影片M的电影票,包含票号、座位号、适用时间、适用范围等信息;
2.W将部分销售资格发放给经销商S,即允许该经销商销售第5排4号到8号的影票;
3.S将获得的5张经销许可在本发明的系统TS中拆分映射为5个唯一的影票通证T1、T2、T3、T4、T5,分别对应5排4号至8号座位的影票;
4.观众C从S处购得T3;
5.C在W指定场景下使用前,可将该唯一凭证转赠任一好友;
6.C在W指定场景下使时,通过TS系统向W申请T3对应位置的电子影票 码,用于验票核销;
7.C完成T3对应影票码的销后,W通知TS票已被使用,TS在链上销毁T3。
实施例三(适用于空间租赁如住宅租售、车位租售等):
1.某商业大楼物业公司M通过本发明的TS系统向访客发行大楼内受限区域D的有时效通行证;
2.M以每日最大可接纳人数n,在TS中发行n个可循环利用的时效通行证nT M
3.商业公司K希望借用D区域,在某X日举办付费的商业活动,参与人数为m,m<n;
4.M将m个通证在TS中授权给K发放(K只有限定时间的发放权);
5.K可在自有渠道销售T M,也可以委托活动运营方S在其相应渠道销售T M
6.活动参与者可从K的渠道或S的渠道,通过TS系统的第三方支付模块完成限时通行证T M的购买,以便参加K在X日举办的活动;
7.活动参与者在X日,使用通行证T M参与活动时,经M的通行门禁系统验证T M的有效性;
8.根据活动特点,K或M可限定T M的使用时限和使用次数。
实施例四(适用于景区、会议等限定区域的有价身份凭证或限定身份凭证):
1.某旅游景区P通过本发明的TS系统发行区域D内的通行证T P,以及在区域D内的代币C D
2.P以每日最大可接纳人数n,在TS中发行n个可循环利用的时效通行证nT P
3.T P既可作为通行的身份凭证,也可以作为储值账户,用以在区域内各项目通行和消费;
4.景区S可在自有渠道或委托其他渠道A销售T P,T P的销售通过TS中的第三方支付模块完成;
5.游客X可从S或A的渠道购得T P1
6.游客X可前往区域D游览,在S设定的相应内部区域或项目通行和使用服务,通行时,经S的通行门禁系统(嵌入身份管理模块的验签功能)验证T M的有效性;
7.游客X需要将作为钱包使用时,可根据X的必要身份信息,结合时间和T P1的信息,在链上对应生成钱包地址,以便其购买C D,在D区域内圈存消费使用;
8.C D的购买通过TS的第三方支付模块完成;
应当理解的是,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    第一步:生成电子凭证T,对电子凭证T的关键识别信息采用密钥K加密;
    第二步:将电子凭证T加密后的结果嵌入区块链通证Z中,区块链通证Z为电子凭证T在区块链上的唯一映射;
    第三步:以区块链通证Z作为基本对象进行发行、销售、流转和核销中一种或多种操作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其特征在于,所述第一步中还包括方法:由多个密钥管理员管理各自持有碎片化密钥k1,k2,…,kn,使用加密功能时,密钥管理员各自在安全加密硬件中传入碎片密钥,组合形成最终密钥K。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其特征在于,所述第一步中还包括方法:
    对于预先获取电子凭证的情形,将电子凭证T的关键识别信息使用最终密钥K加密后存储;
    对于按需获取电子凭证的情形,根据销售和最终客户端的实际需求,每次需要派发电子凭证Tn时,从发行方获取电子凭证Ti(i=1,2,…,n),在电子凭证被使用前通过最终密钥K加密。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其特征在于,所述第一步中还包括方法:
    对于预先获取电子凭证的使用/派发资格的情形,将对应系列的电子凭证 mT使用K加密导入后,在链上拆分为m个对应的通证mT1,mT2,…,mTm,即可将m个电子凭证打包后的不定向电子凭证mT映射为链上的m个通证进行存储;
    对于预先取得部分非特定指向凭证的情形,此类凭证在使用时才兑换为与使用场景关联的凭证兑付使用,需关联一个凭证转换或交易中心;将非特定指向凭证使用K加密后,在链上唯一映射为uTm;每当需要完成一次兑付时,从凭证兑换中心取得与场景关联的最小可用指向性凭证,并将uT做转出和使用操作,使用时,uT被拆分为uT1、uTm-1。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其特征在于,所述第一步中,所述电子凭证可由发行方系统自主生成,也可以在区块链通证中直接生成。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其特征在于,所述第三步中还包括方法:对已存在区块链上尚未派发的通证z1,z2,…,zn,可由持有固定密钥的人员进行操作,根据其业务需求自主向使用方的地址派发。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其特征在于,所述第三步中还包括方法:在区块链通证Z创建阶段,可以通过设置区块链通证的属性,完成通证流转过程中的限定;已取得区块链通证的使用方,可视区块链通证的属性设置,将允许流转的区块链通证在区块链链上自由流转给其他使用方。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其特征在于,所述第三步中还包括方法:
    与发行方联动,以电子凭证的相关信息为依据,获取核销凭证,凭核销凭 证在发行方指定的场景下使用核销;
    或者,发行方提供生成核销凭证的方法,由销售后的终端应用,根据既定的方法展示核销凭证,在发行方指定的场景下核销使用。
  9. 一种基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理系统,根据权利要求1-8任一所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其特征在于,包括通证模块、加密模块、存储模块、身份模块和第三方支付模块;
    所述通证模块:完成区块链通证的发行、流转和核销;
    所述加密模块:完成各类凭证在区块链上区块链通证中存入和取出时的加密和解密流程;
    所述存储模块:完成系统中各环节的数据存储和读取;
    所述身份模块:管理区块链上各类用户的身份和权限,并完成交易的签名和验签;
    所述第三方支付模块:完成区块链上区块链通证与法定货币的购销结算,以及与原始票证发行方的票证结算。
  10. 一种区块链平台,根据权利要求1-8任一所述的基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法,其特征在于,所述区块链平台用于实现所述基于区块链的电子凭证流通管理方法。
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