WO2022019795A1 - Способ и устройство получения раствора пероксида водорода - Google Patents
Способ и устройство получения раствора пероксида водорода Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022019795A1 WO2022019795A1 PCT/RU2020/000364 RU2020000364W WO2022019795A1 WO 2022019795 A1 WO2022019795 A1 WO 2022019795A1 RU 2020000364 W RU2020000364 W RU 2020000364W WO 2022019795 A1 WO2022019795 A1 WO 2022019795A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen peroxide
- water
- reactor
- electrode
- environmentally friendly
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4608—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods using electrical discharges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B15/00—Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides
- C01B15/01—Hydrogen peroxide
- C01B15/027—Preparation from water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/0015—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
- B01J2219/00155—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0809—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes employing two or more electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0815—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes involving stationary electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0877—Liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
Definitions
- the invention relates to inorganic chemistry, peroxides and agriculture, crop production, sanitation and hygiene, medicine, namely: to the field of physical impact on water, in which an environmentally friendly solution of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration exceeding natural is formed, which is intended for sanitization without dilution , disinfection and disinsection, and after dilution to natural concentration - to stimulate the growth and development of plants by processing seed, plantings and plants.
- the use of the obtained environmentally friendly solution of hydrogen peroxide is also possible in medical practice for internal use.
- hydrogen peroxide an aqueous solution of which could be used in agriculture
- an interstate standard is used to produce hydrogen peroxide, which “applies to aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide obtained by the electrochemical method through persulfuric acid (medical and technical grade A) and by an organic method based on liquid-phase oxidation of isopropyl alcohol (technical grade B) "(see GOST 177-88" Hydrogen peroxide. Specifications ").
- GOST hydrogen peroxide is intended for use in chemical, pulp and paper, textile, medical (for external use only!) And other industries, but not in agricultural production.
- the concentration of hydrogen peroxide ranges from 114x10 '7 to 820x10 '7 mol/l, or from 0.4 to 2.8 mg/l with an average value of 402 s ⁇ O 7 mol/l, or 1.4 mg/l (Cooper WJ, Saltzman ES, Zika RG "The contribution of rainwater to variability in surface ocean hydrogen peroxide", J. Geophys. Res., 1987 V. 92. P. 2970. https://doi.org/ 10.1029/JC092iC03p02970 , i.e. the average value approaches the parameters of thunderstorm near Moscow.
- an oxygen molecule in a lightning channel, can decay with the formation of atomic oxygen. Unlike oxygen molecules that have stable intramolecular bonds, its atoms are chemically reactive and can form ozone molecules in the atmosphere, interact with hydrogen gases to form OH and HO2 hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, etc. (Schumann U., Huntrieser N. " The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source", Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2007. V. 7. J o 14. P. 3823-3907).
- the disadvantage of the known method and device is the low yield of environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide, the need to use water vapor and a very low temperature for its condensation.
- the objective of the present invention is to develop a method and device for obtaining an environmentally friendly peroxide solution hydrogen with a concentration exceeding the natural one, which, after dilution to the natural concentration, is intended to stimulate the growth and development of plants.
- the technical result consists in obtaining an environmentally friendly solution of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration exceeding the natural one, which, after dilution to a natural concentration, is suitable for stimulating the growth and development of plants.
- an electrode of electrically conductive material is installed in the reactor above the surface of the water, the electrode is connected to the high-voltage terminal of the Tesla transformer, electrical energy is supplied to the electrode from Tesla transformer with a voltage of 1-1000 kV and a frequency of 1-1500 kHz, create streamers of an electric discharge between the electrode, the air and the water surface with the formation of hydrogen peroxide in the water.
- an open-type reactor is used.
- a closed-type reactor is used.
- the high-voltage output of the Tesla transformer is connected to a reactor made of an electrically conductive material.
- the reactor is filled with distilled water.
- the reactor contains an electrode made of an electrically conductive material installed above the surface of the water, the electrode is connected to the high-voltage terminal of a Tesla transformer with a voltage of 1- 1000 kV and a frequency of 1-1500 kHz, the reactor contains pipes for supplying water and draining the hydrogen peroxide solution.
- the reactor is made of an electrically insulating material, for example, ceramic or glass, and contains another electrode installed in water and connected to ground.
- the reactor is made of an electrically conductive material, such as aluminum or stainless steel, and is connected to ground.
- a reactor made of conductive material.
- Branch pipes for supplying water and draining the hydrogen peroxide solution are made of electrically insulating material.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method and apparatus when electrical discharge streamers form between an electrode and a water surface in an open type reactor.
- FIG. 2 shows the construction of a device with a closed reactor.
- FIG. 3 shows a variant of the block diagram, when an open-type reactor made of electrically conductive material is used as an electrode connected to the high-voltage output of the Tesla transformer, while electric discharge streamers are formed between the electrode-reactor and the air without contact with the water surface.
- the open type reactor in Fig. 1 contains a reactor 1 made of an electrically insulating material filled with water 2, a branch pipe 3 for supplying water and a branch pipe 4 with a tap 5 through an opening 7 for draining the resulting hydrogen peroxide solution.
- a conductive plate 6 is installed, which is connected to the grounding device 8.
- the electrical input in the form of an electrode 9 for the formation of streamers 10 is connected to the high-voltage terminal 11 of the resonant Tesla transformer 12.
- the low-voltage winding 13 of the Tesla transformer 12, together with the capacitance 14, forms a series resonant circuit , which is connected to a high-frequency power source 15.
- a closed-type reactor 1 made of electrically insulating material filled with water 2 is closed with a cover 16 made of dielectric, which contains an electrode 9 for forming streamers 10 and a branch pipe 3 for supplying water.
- the rest of the designations are the same as in Fig. one.
- an open-type reactor 1 made of electrically conductive material filled with water 2 is connected to the high-voltage terminal 1 1 of the Tesla transformer 12, the branch pipe 3 is made of electrically insulating material for supplying water and the branch pipe 4 is made of electrically insulating material with a tap 5 for draining the resulting hydrogen peroxide solution.
- the rest of the designations are the same as in Fig. one.
- the method and device for producing hydrogen peroxide from water is implemented as follows.
- streamers 10 of an electric discharge appear between the electrode 9 and the surface of the water 2, while the electrical energy passes through the grounded conductive plate 6.
- the streamers 10 cause the decomposition of water molecules 2 with the formation of free radicals of the type photodissociation, the interaction of which produces hydrogen peroxide.
- a closed-type reactor filled with water 2 is closed with a lid 16, ozone is formed in its air space, which It dissolves well in water and, being a highly reactive gas, additionally activates the processes of formation of hydrogen peroxide from water.
- the maximum* concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution is obtained in a closed-type reactor made of electrically insulating material.
- the electrical power consumed by the Tesla 12 transformer is minimal.
- a reactor 1 made of an electrically conductive material filled with water 2 is used as an electrode, streamers 10 of an electric discharge appear in the air medium above the water surface on the reactor 1, while the electrical energy passes not only through the reactor vessel 1, but also directly through the water 2, which dissociates into constituent molecules with the formation of free radicals, the interaction of which produces hydrogen peroxide.
- the electrical power consumed by the Tesla 12 transformer is maximum.
- the duration of the process of obtaining an ecological solution of hydrogen peroxide depends on the volume of water 2 in the reactor 1, the electrical voltage and frequency of the Tesla transformer 12.
- the amount of hydrogen peroxide in water is determined using the iodometric method [Lobanov A.V., Rubtsova N.A., Vedeneeva Yu.A., Komissarov G.G. "Photocatalytic activity of chlorophyll in the formation of hydrogen peroxide in water", Reports of the Academy of Sciences, 2008. V. 421. Ne 6. S. 773-776].
- the open type stainless steel reactor in FIG. 1 is filled with a volume of distilled water of 500 cm 3 .
- a stainless steel plate -3x10 cm is used as a conductive plate at the bottom of the reactor.
- the voltage at the high-voltage terminal of the resonant Tesla transformer is 60 kV, the frequency is 1200 kHz, the electrical power consumed by the Tesla transformer is 75 W, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution after 30 minutes is 1, 0 x 10 4 mol/l, or 3.4 mg/l.
- the open type reactor in Fig. 1 made of aluminum is filled with a volume of distilled water of 500 cm 3 .
- a stainless steel plate -3 x 10 cm is used as a conductive plate at the bottom of the reactor.
- the voltage at the high-voltage terminal of the resonant Tesla transformer is 60 kV, the frequency is 1200 kHz, the electrical power consumed by the Tesla transformer is 75 W, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution after 30 minutes is - 1 , 1 s 10 4 mol/l, or 3.7 mg/l.
- the open type ceramic reactor in FIG. 1 is filled with a volume of distilled water of 500 cm 3 .
- a stainless steel plate -3 x 10 cm is used as a conductive plate at the bottom of the reactor.
- the voltage at the high-voltage terminal of the resonant Tesla transformer is 64 kV, the frequency is 1200 kHz, the electrical power consumed by the Tesla transformer is 84 W, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution after 30 minutes is 1.4x10 '4 mol/l, or 4.8 mg/l.
- a ⁇ 3x10 cm stainless steel plate is used as a conductive plate at the bottom of the reactor.
- the voltage at the high-voltage output of the resonant Tesla transformer is 68 kV, the frequency is 1200 kHz, the electric power consumed by the Tesla transformer is 85 W, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution after 30 minutes is 1, 8x10 4 mol/l, or 6.1 mg/l.
- the closed type reactor in Fig. 2 made of aluminum has a volume of distilled water of 500 cm3 and 1500 cm3 of air.
- a ⁇ 3x10 cm stainless steel plate is used as a conductive plate at the bottom of the reactor.
- the voltage at the high-voltage output of the resonant Tesla transformer is 68 kV, the frequency is 1200 kHz, the electric power consumed by the Tesla transformer is 85 W, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution after 30 minutes is 1, 9x10 4 mol/l, or 6.5 mg/l.
- the closed type reactor in Fig. 2 made of ceramics has a volume of distilled water of 500 cm 3 and 1500 cm 3 of air.
- a stainless steel plate -3x10 cm is used as a conductive plate at the bottom of the reactor.
- the voltage at the high-voltage terminal of the resonant Tesla transformer is 64 kV, the frequency is 1200 kHz, the electrical power consumed by the Tesla transformer is 84 W, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution after 30 minutes is 3, 0x10 4 mol/l, or 10.2 mg/l.
- the open type reactor of Fig. 3 made of aluminum are filled with a volume of distilled water of 500 ml.
- the voltage at the high-voltage output of the resonant Tesla transformer is 100 kV, the frequency is 1200 kHz, the electrical power consumed by the Tesla transformer is 370 W, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution after 30 minutes is 1.1x10 4 mol/l, or 3.7 mg/l.
- the concentration of an environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide solution in an open-type reactor made of an electrically conductive material is from 1.0x1 O 4 mol/l, or 3.4 mg/l to 1.1x10 4 mol/l, or 3.7 mg/l , and from an electrically insulating material - 1.4x10 '4 mol / l, or 4.8 mg / l.
- the concentration of an environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide solution in a closed-type reactor made of an electrically conductive material ranges from 1.8x10 4 mol/l, or 6.1 mg/l to 1.9x10 4 mol/l, or 6.5 mg/l, and from electrical insulating material - 3.0x10 4 mol / l, or 10.2 mg / l.
- a cucumber plant (cucurbitaceae family, cultivar Cascade) was used as a test object. All seeds were pre-germinated in distilled water. Viable seeds that had hatched were selected, they were laid out in culture vessels with the appropriate amount of hydrogen peroxide solutions in the experimental group and distilled water in the control. The filled vessels were placed in a luminostat, the following conditions were observed in it: the air temperature was +20 + 1°C, the light/dark illumination rhythm alternated every 12 hours.
- Distilled water was added to the control culture vessel (K) in the amount of 0.2 ml per plant.
- the degree of development of the state of plants was assessed at a certain time on the 5th, 8th, 30th day.
- the percentage of plants with an open cotyledon leaf was recorded on the 5th day, with a plant height of 2 cm on the 8th day, with a loss of turgor, which died on the 30th day of the experiment.
- the results are presented in table 1.
- a method and device are proposed based on the use of a Tesla resonant transformer to obtain from water an environmentally friendly solution of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration exceeding the natural one, which without dilution is intended for sanitization, disinfection and pest control, and after dilution to a natural concentration stimulates growth and development. plants, including under stressful conditions of an isolated environment of a closed volume.
- An environmentally friendly solution of hydrogen peroxide of natural concentration can be used to increase the yield of cereals, melons and vegetables, as well as orchards and vineyards.
- the use of the obtained environmentally friendly solution of hydrogen peroxide is also possible in medical practice for internal use.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112022018506A BR112022018506A2 (pt) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Método e dispositivo para produzir uma solução de peróxido de hidrogênio |
EP20945876.9A EP4186854A1 (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Method and device for producing a hydrogen peroxide solution |
CN202080099654.8A CN115485234A (zh) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | 用从水产生环境友好型过氧化氢溶液的方法和装置 |
PCT/RU2020/000364 WO2022019795A1 (ru) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Способ и устройство получения раствора пероксида водорода |
KR1020227043789A KR20230042220A (ko) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | 물로부터 환경 친화적 과산화수소 용액을 제조하기 위한 방법 및 장치 |
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PCT/RU2020/000364 WO2022019795A1 (ru) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Способ и устройство получения раствора пероксида водорода |
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WO2022019795A1 true WO2022019795A1 (ru) | 2022-01-27 |
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PCT/RU2020/000364 WO2022019795A1 (ru) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Способ и устройство получения раствора пероксида водорода |
Country Status (5)
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EP (1) | EP4186854A1 (ru) |
KR (1) | KR20230042220A (ru) |
CN (1) | CN115485234A (ru) |
BR (1) | BR112022018506A2 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2022019795A1 (ru) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EA012529B1 (ru) * | 2003-04-15 | 2009-10-30 | Блэклайт Пауэр, Инк. | Плазменный реактор и способ получения низкоэнергетических частиц водорода |
KR20110109349A (ko) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 산소 발생 장치 |
US20170070180A1 (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2017-03-09 | Brilliant Light Power, Inc. | Photovoltaic power generation systems and methods regarding same |
-
2020
- 2020-07-22 WO PCT/RU2020/000364 patent/WO2022019795A1/ru unknown
- 2020-07-22 BR BR112022018506A patent/BR112022018506A2/pt unknown
- 2020-07-22 EP EP20945876.9A patent/EP4186854A1/en active Pending
- 2020-07-22 CN CN202080099654.8A patent/CN115485234A/zh active Pending
- 2020-07-22 KR KR1020227043789A patent/KR20230042220A/ko unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EA012529B1 (ru) * | 2003-04-15 | 2009-10-30 | Блэклайт Пауэр, Инк. | Плазменный реактор и способ получения низкоэнергетических частиц водорода |
KR20110109349A (ko) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 산소 발생 장치 |
US20170070180A1 (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2017-03-09 | Brilliant Light Power, Inc. | Photovoltaic power generation systems and methods regarding same |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
ANDREEV S.N., APASHEVA L.M., ASHUROV M.KH., LUKINA N.A., SAPAEV B., SAPAEV I.B., SERGEYCHEV K.F., SHCHERBAKOV I.A.: "Poluchenie chistykh rastvorov peroksida vodoroda pri aktivatsii vody plazmoi bezelektrodnogo SVCH-razryada i ikh primenenie dlya upravleniya rostom rasteny", DOKLADY AKADEMII NAUK, vol. 486, no. 3, 30 November 2018 (2018-11-30), RU , pages 297 - 300, XP009542357, ISSN: 0869-5652, DOI: 10.31857/S0869-56524863297-300 * |
BARTON S.S.GROCH F.LIPIN S.E.BRITTAIN D: "Variation of the evolved oxygen-gydrogen peroxide ratio with traversed volume and input power in the discharged water vapour system", J. CHEM. SOC. A, 1968, pages 689 - 691, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://doi.org/10.1039/J19680000689> |
COOPER W.J.SALTZMAN E.S.ZIKAR.G.: "The contribution of rainwater to variability in surface ocean hydrogen peroxide", J. GEOPHYS. RES., vol. 92, 1987, pages 2970, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://doi.org/10.1029/JC092iC03p02970> |
PISKAREV I.M., SPIROV G.M., SELEMIR V.D., KARELIN V.I., SHLEPKIN S.I.: "Zavisimost ot temperatury skorosti obrazovaniya aktivnykh chastits pri nanosekundnom strimernom koronnom elektricheskom razryade mezhdu tverdym elektrodom i poverkhnostju vody", KHIMIYA VYSOKIKH ENERGY,, vol. 41, no. 4, 30 November 2006 (2006-11-30), US , pages 334 - 336, XP009542267, ISSN: 0023-1193 * |
SCHUMANN U.HUNTRIESER H.: "The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source", ATMOS. CHEM. PHYS., vol. 7, no. 14, 2007, pages 3823 - 3907 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP4186854A1 (en) | 2023-05-31 |
KR20230042220A (ko) | 2023-03-28 |
BR112022018506A2 (pt) | 2023-01-31 |
CN115485234A (zh) | 2022-12-16 |
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