WO2022016436A1 - 一种控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法 - Google Patents

一种控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022016436A1
WO2022016436A1 PCT/CN2020/103638 CN2020103638W WO2022016436A1 WO 2022016436 A1 WO2022016436 A1 WO 2022016436A1 CN 2020103638 W CN2020103638 W CN 2020103638W WO 2022016436 A1 WO2022016436 A1 WO 2022016436A1
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piles
lake
area
cyanobacteria
fixed
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵华菁
刘维
江建洪
史培新
陈蕾
杨娜
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/06—Barriers therefor construed for applying processing agents or for collecting pollutants, e.g. absorbent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment

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  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the release of sediment pollution and the accumulation of blue-green algae in a lake area, and belongs to the field of water environmental protection.
  • Common control measures mainly include: 1. For the prevention and control of pollution in the basin where the lake is located, control the pollution entering the lake. Watershed pollution control is necessary, but the process is extremely long and the investment is huge. If you do not pay attention to the release of endogenous pollution of sediments, it is difficult for the eutrophic condition of the water body to fundamentally improve for a long period of time; 2. Large-scale water diversion and drainage. This measure is subject to many factors, and the impact on the ecological environment is complex; 3. Ecological restoration such as planting aquatic plants. This technology is restricted by objective conditions such as wind, wave and water depth; 4. Set up algae-blocking curtains. Affected by wind and waves, the interception effect is poor; 5.
  • the cyanobacteria themselves are removed or inhibited by physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods.
  • Manual salvage of algae is the most direct physical method to control the total amount of cyanobacteria, which can effectively reduce local algal bloom disasters. This kind of method has a large amount of engineering, high cost and low efficiency.
  • the chemical treatment method controls the proliferation of algae by applying chemical agents (such as copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, etc.), but it is easy to cause secondary pollution.
  • Bioremediation methods use microorganisms or aquatic plants to inhibit the proliferation of algae. Such methods are still in their infancy, and have certain limitations on the applicability and governance effects of water bodies.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling the release of sediment pollution and cyanobacteria accumulation in the lake area, which can effectively reduce the cyanobacteria agglomeration in a specific area, has low cost and is convenient for construction. This method is suitable for lakes with frequent cyanobacterial outbreaks to change the habitat of algal blooms.
  • the technical scheme that realizes the object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the release of sediment pollution and the accumulation of cyanobacteria in the lake area, comprising the following steps:
  • isolation facilities include wave elimination piles and algae blocking curtains;
  • the isolation facilities set up are wave elimination piles arranged vertically and horizontally;
  • the isolation facilities set up in the nearshore area are wave elimination piles and algae blocking curtains.
  • the distance between the wave elimination piles and the algae blocking curtain is 10-20m;
  • the wave elimination piles include fixed piles, surrounding purlins, bamboo piles and connecting bolts; the bottom end of the fixed piles is embedded in the river bed, and the top is higher than the normal water level of the lake; the surrounding purlins are arranged on both sides of the fixed piles, and the height of the surrounding purlins is located in the lake.
  • the fixed piles and the surrounding purlins are fixed by connecting bolts to form a frame standing upright in the lake; several bamboo piles are arranged in sequence in the frame between adjacent fixed piles, and the bottom ends of the bamboo piles are embedded 40-60cm below the river bed. , forming a fixed end, and the upper end of the bamboo stake is limited to be located between the two purlins to form a sliding bearing;
  • the algae blocking curtain includes a fixed pile, a cord cloth, a float belt and a sinker belt; the bottom end of the fixed pile is embedded in the river bed; It is a rubberized geotextile, that is, an impermeable cloth. The height is greater than the thickness of the water layer where the cyanobacteria grow. The lower part is a permeable geotextile.
  • the top of the cord fabric is fastened with a float belt, and the bottom is fastened with a sinker belt; the floater belt is fixed on the upper part of the fixed pile, and the sinker The belt is fixed at the lower part of the fixed pile, the height of the upper end of the algae blocking curtain is located at the normal water level of the lake, and the bottom elevation of the algae blocking curtain is 10-20 cm higher than the bottom of the lake.
  • the fixed pile of the present invention is a steel pipe pile or a concrete pile, and the depth of the fixed pile embedded in the river bed is 1.5-2 times of the water depth.
  • the principle of the invention is: adopting active wave elimination measures to reduce the release of source pollution in the entire lake area and the method of combining wave elimination measures with algae blocking measures, dividing the lake into several relatively isolated communities, which can effectively shorten the wind and wave blowing distance and reduce the
  • the disturbance of the sediment by wind and waves reduces the release of sediment pollution, especially the release of total phosphorus
  • the isolation facility also has the function of intercepting cyanobacteria, which greatly reduces the algae collection area in key prevention and control areas, and the cyanobacteria agglomeration increases with the reduction of the algae collection area.
  • the wave-absorbing piles of the flexible hybrid structure are composed of fixed piles (such as steel pipe piles or reinforced concrete piles), purlins, moso bamboo piles and connecting bolts, which can give full play to the mechanical properties of the steel pipe piles with high strength and good toughness of moso bamboo piles. , which not only enhances the wind and wave resistance of the structure itself, but also achieves a good wave elimination effect, and also enhances the economy of wave elimination piles and the convenience of construction.
  • the wave-eliminating piles have good wave-eliminating effect, high structural safety, low production cost and convenient construction;
  • the algae-blocking curtain set after the wave is eliminated can greatly improve the interception efficiency and facilitate salvage and collection;
  • Fig. 1 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the wave elimination pile pile provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the top-view structure schematic diagram of the wave elimination pile pile provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the fixed pile and the purlin of the wave eliminating pile pile provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the algae blocking curtain provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the layout of the wave-eliminating piles and algae-blocking curtains in the lake area obtained by the method for controlling the release of sediment pollution in the lake area and the accumulation of blue-green algae provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • This embodiment takes a certain urban scenic spot as an example to provide a method for controlling the release of sediment pollution and the accumulation of blue-green algae in a lake area.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 it is a schematic view of the front structure and a schematic view of the top view of the wave-eliminating piles provided by the present embodiment; 1.
  • Moso bamboo piles 3 and connecting bolts 4, the fixed piles are steel pipe piles or reinforced concrete piles.
  • the specific structure is as follows: a number of moso bamboo piles 3 are arranged loosely in sequence between the adjacent fixed piles 2, and the spacing between the moso bamboo piles is loose, that is, the moso bamboo piles are allowed to have a certain left and right sliding displacement in the purlin; the fixed piles and the moso bamboo The bottom ends of the piles are respectively embedded in the river bed 6, and the tops of the fixed piles and the bamboo piles are higher than the water level line 5 of the normal water level of the lake; the surrounding purlins 1 are set on both sides of the fixed piles and the bamboo piles, and the height of the surrounding purlins is the water level of the normal water level of the lake.
  • the fixed piles and the surrounding purlins are fixed by connecting bolts 4.
  • the surrounding purlins and the adjacent fixed piles form a frame standing upright in the lake.
  • the depth of the fixed piles embedded in the river bed is 1.5 to 2 times the water depth; the bottom end of the bamboo piles is embedded
  • the fixed end is formed 40-60cm below the river bed.
  • the upper end of the bamboo stake is limited to the frame between the two surrounding purlins to form a sliding support, that is, the surrounding purlin only limits the front and rear displacement of the bamboo stake, allowing the bamboo stake to have a certain amount in the left and right directions.
  • due to the flexibility of the bamboo pile it can produce a certain deformation with the wind and waves, and it can also produce a certain sliding displacement in the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the fixed pile of the wave eliminating pile and the surrounding purlin provided by the present embodiment;
  • the surrounding purlin 1 can be made of channel steel and other materials;
  • the fixing pile 2 and the surrounding purlin 1 are fixed by connecting bolts 4 .
  • the wave elimination pile provided in this embodiment exerts the material mechanical properties of high strength of steel pipe and good toughness of moso bamboo, which not only enhances the wind and wave resistance of the structure itself, but also achieves a good wave elimination effect, and can also enhance the economy of wave elimination pile. and ease of construction.
  • the algae blocking curtain is composed of a cord cloth, a float belt 7, a sinker belt 10, and a fixed pile 2;
  • the upper and lower parts are the overall structure, but the materials used are different in performance.
  • the upper part is a rubber-coated geotextile, that is, an impermeable cloth. 9.
  • the float belt is made of a floating body such as a cavity plastic strung with a steel wire rope
  • the sinker belt is made of a heavy object such as an iron block strung with a steel wire rope
  • the upper part is tied with a float belt
  • the lower part is tied with a sinker belt.
  • the height of the upper end of the algae blocking curtain is set at the water level line 5 of the normal water level of the lake, and the bottom elevation of the algae blocking curtain can generally be 10-20 cm higher than the bottom of the lake; the material and installation of the fixed pile are the same as those of the wave elimination pile.
  • the isolation facilities can be set up as needed, which can be a combination of wave elimination piles and algae blocking curtains combined with wave elimination piles. Operation.
  • Isolation facilities include wave elimination piles and algae curtains.
  • the research shows that the tighter the arrangement of the wave elimination piles, the better the wave elimination effect, and the greater the wind and wave pressure; the greater the stiffness of the wave elimination piles, the greater the wind and wave pressure.
  • the invention closely arranges the wave elimination piles to form a rigid-flexible mixed structure wave elimination pile, which is composed of steel pipe piles (or reinforced concrete piles), purlins, bamboo piles and connecting bolts.
  • a rigid-flexible mixed structure wave elimination pile which is composed of steel pipe piles (or reinforced concrete piles), purlins, bamboo piles and connecting bolts.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic diagram of the plane layout of the obtained wave-eliminating piles and algae-blocking curtains in the lake area according to the above-mentioned method for controlling the release of sediment pollution in the lake area and the accumulation of cyanobacteria in the lake area; taking a certain urban scenic area as For example, by investigating the surrounding environment of the lake area in the scenic area, four key prevention and control areas, including the tourist and sightseeing area 16, the central business area 14, the residential area 17, and the blue-green algae gathering area 15, were determined.
  • the key areas for wave elimination in this example, the whole lake is eliminated
  • the layout of the isolation facilities shall be arranged as a whole, taking into account the effect of wave elimination and interception protection, and set up isolation facilities as needed.
  • the wave elimination pile 11 and the algae blocking curtain are combined with the wave elimination pile 12 .
  • the isolation facilities are arranged in sections in the nearshore area and the central area of the four key prevention and control areas in the lake area to form several communities; the isolation facilities in the central area are provided with wave elimination piles 11, which are arranged vertically and horizontally;
  • the isolation facilities in the nearshore area of the prevention and control area are algae blocking curtains combined with wave elimination piles 12.
  • the isolation facilities are composed of wave elimination piles and algae blocking curtains.
  • the algae curtain is arranged on the leeward side of the wave-eliminating piles, and the distance from the piles is about 20m.
  • the layout of the isolation facilities can be adjusted and optimized, and then the isolation facilities can be installed according to the area.
  • the cyanobacteria agglomeration degree in key prevention and control areas can be reduced by 90%, and the maximum blowing distance of wind and waves can be reduced from 4km to 1km.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法。按消浪和拦截防控需求，将湖内划分成若干个区段，分段布设消浪排桩和拦藻帘隔离设施。本发明采取主动消浪措施减少整个湖区内源污染释放和消浪措施与拦藻措施相结合的方法，通过缩短风浪吹程从而减轻风浪对底泥的扰动，减少底泥污染特别是总磷的释放；同时，隔离设施兼有拦截蓝藻的功能，使得重点防控区域的汇藻面积大大减少，蓝藻集聚度同比例下降。本发明提供的技术方案适用于蓝藻频繁暴发的湖泊，用于改变藻类暴发的生境，并有效降低特定区域的蓝藻集聚度。

Description

一种控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法，属于水环境保护领域。
 背景技术
大规模的蓝藻暴发会引起水质恶化，严重时耗尽水中氧气而造成鱼类大片死亡，甚至对人类健康造成威胁。湖泊富营养化是藻类暴发的基础条件，而底泥内源污染释放是水体营养盐的重要来源；蓝藻垂向上浮和随风水平向漂移是蓝藻集聚的主要原因。
常用治理措施主要有：1.针对湖泊所在流域的污染防治，控制入湖污染。流域治污是必要的，但过程极为漫长，投资巨大。如果不重视底泥内源污染释放，水体富营养状况在相当长的一段时期很难根本好转；2.大规模调水引流。这项措施受制因素多，生态环境影响复杂；3.种植水生植物等生态修复。这项技术受风浪、水深等客观条件制约；4.设置拦藻帘。受风浪影响，拦截效果差；5.针对蓝藻本身通过物理法、化学法和生物法等进行去除或抑制。人工打捞藻类是控制蓝藻总量最直接的物理方式，能有效减轻局部水华灾害。这类方法工程量大、费用高、效率低。化学治理法通过施加化学药剂（如硫酸铜、高锰酸钾等）来控制藻类的大量繁殖，但容易造成二次污染。生物治理法利用微生物或者水生植物抑制藻类大量繁殖，这类方法尚在起步阶段，对于施用水体的适用性和治理效果都有一定局限性。
关于湖区风浪与底泥污染释放关系的理论研究较多。波浪等级较高时将引起水体剧烈震荡，搅动湖底的淤泥层，释放底泥中的TP等有助于蓝藻生长的富营养物质。湖区波浪的大小除了与风力大小有关外，主要还与吹程有关，吹程越大，波浪等级越高。国内外的消浪措施主要是用来保护特定构筑物的结构安全，保护范围有限，投资巨大。目前虽然已有拦藻帘拦截蓝藻的应用案例，但拦藻效果和拦藻设施自身的结构稳定受风浪影响很大。
因此，采取主动消浪措施减少整个湖区内源污染释放和消浪措施与拦藻措施相结合的方法，具有十分重要的意义和应用前景。
 技术解决方案
本发明针对现有控制湖区蓝藻集聚所采用的技术方案存在的不足，提供一种能有效降低特定区域的蓝藻集聚度，且成本低、施工便利的控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法。该方法适用于蓝藻频繁暴发的湖泊，用于改变藻类暴发的生境。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是提供一种控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）以湖区底泥磷含量高的区域为消浪重点区域；
（2）以饮用水水源保护区、生态敏感区、旅游观光区、居民生活区附近湖区区域中的一种或任意种为重点防控区域；
（3）依据风玫瑰图和消浪重点区域、重点防控区域，将湖内划分成若干个区段，分段布设隔离设施，得到控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的隔离设施设置方案；
（4）按区域安装隔离设施，所述的隔离设施包括消浪排桩、拦藻帘；
所述的消浪重点区域为湖区中央区域时，设置的隔离设施为呈纵横交叉布设的消浪排桩；
所述的重点防控区域，在其近岸区域设置的隔离设施为消浪排桩和拦藻帘，消浪排桩布设在重点防控区域外围50～100m处，拦藻帘设置在消浪排桩的下风向侧，消浪排桩和拦藻帘的间距为10～20m；
所述的消浪排桩包括固定桩、围檩、毛竹桩和连接螺栓；固定桩的底端嵌入河床，顶端高于湖泊常水位；在固定桩的两侧设置围檩，围檩高度位于湖泊常水位处，通过连接螺栓将固定桩与围檩固定，成为直立于湖内的框架；在相邻固定桩之间的框架内依次排列若干毛竹桩，毛竹桩的底端嵌入河床以下40～60cm，形成固定端，毛竹桩的上端限位于两根围檩之间，形成滑动支座；
所述的拦藻帘包括固定桩、帘子布、浮子带和沉子带；固定桩的底端嵌入河床；帘子布采用上下两种密度结构的无纺土工布，上下部为整体结构，其上部为刷胶土工布即不透水布，高度大于蓝藻生长的水层厚度，下部为透水土工布，帘子布顶部系牢浮子带，底部系牢沉子带；浮子带固定于固定桩上部，沉子带固定于固定桩下部，拦藻帘上端的高度位于湖泊常水位处，拦藻帘底高程高于湖底10～20cm。
本发明所述的固定桩为钢管桩或混凝土桩，固定桩嵌入河床的深度为水深的1.5～2倍。
研究表明，湖泊富营养化是藻类暴发的基础条件，而底泥内源污染释放是水体营养盐的重要来源；蓝藻垂向上浮和随风水平向漂移是蓝藻集聚的主要原因。本发明的原理是：采取主动消浪措施减少整个湖区内源污染释放和消浪措施与拦藻措施相结合的方法，将湖泊划分为相对隔离的若干个小区，可有效缩短风浪吹程从而减轻风浪对底泥的扰动，减少底泥污染释放特别是总磷的释放；隔离设施兼有拦截蓝藻的功能，使得重点防控区域的汇藻面积大大减少，蓝藻集聚度随汇藻面积的减少而同比例下降。同时，由于消浪桩排列越紧密，消浪效果越好,所受风浪压力越大；消浪桩刚度越大，所受风浪压力亦越大，因此，本发明把消浪桩紧密排列形成刚柔混合结构的消浪排桩，由固定桩（如钢管桩或钢筋混凝土桩）、围檩、毛竹桩和连接螺栓组成，可充分发挥钢管桩强度高、毛竹桩韧性好的材料力学性能，既增强结构本身的抗风浪能力，又达到很好的消浪效果，还可增强消浪排桩的经济性和施工的便利性。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1.针对蓝藻的生长环境和蓝藻集聚形成水华的过程，既控制湖区底泥污染释放，又控制蓝藻集聚；
2.消浪排桩消浪效果好、结构安全性高、制作成本低、施工便利；
3.消浪后设置的拦藻帘可以大大提高拦截效率，并方便打捞收集；
4.有针对性地保护环境敏感区域，使其汇藻面积大大减少，蓝藻集聚度同比例下降；
5.对湖区水文条件、生态环境和景观风貌几乎没有影响。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的消浪排桩的主视结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的消浪排桩的俯视结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的消浪排桩的固定桩与围檩的连接结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的拦藻帘的主视结构示意图；
图5是按本发明实施例提供的控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法得到的消浪排桩和拦藻帘在湖区内的平面布置示意图；
图中，1.围檩；2.固定桩；3.毛竹桩；4.连接螺栓；5.水位线；6.河床；7.浮子带；8.不透水布；9.透水布；10.沉子带；11.消浪排桩；12.拦藻帘结合消浪排桩；13.风向玫瑰图；14.中央商务区；15.蓝藻易集聚区；16.旅游观光区；17.居民生活区。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步的阐述。
实施例1
本实施例以某一城市风景区为例，提供一种控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法。
参见附图1和2，分别是本实施例提供的消浪排桩的主视结构示意图和俯视结构示意图；在本实施例中，消浪排桩采用竹钢结构，包括固定桩2、围檩1、毛竹桩3和连接螺栓4，固定桩为钢管桩，也可以是钢筋混凝土桩。具体结构为：在相邻的固定桩2之间依次呈宽松排列若干毛竹桩3，各毛竹桩的间距呈宽松状，即允许毛竹桩在围檩内有一定的左右滑动位移；固定桩和毛竹桩的底端分别嵌入河床6，固定桩和毛竹桩的顶端高于湖泊常水位水位线5；在固定桩和毛竹桩的两侧分别设置围檩1，围檩的高度为湖泊常水位的水位线处，通过连接螺栓4将固定桩与围檩固定，围檩与相邻的固定桩组成直立于湖内的框架，固定桩嵌入河床深度取水深的1.5～2倍；毛竹桩的底端嵌入河床以下40～60cm，形成固定端，毛竹桩的上端限位于两根围檩之间的框架内，形成滑动支座，即围檩仅限制毛竹桩的前后位移，允许毛竹桩在左右向有一定的滑动位移，同时，由于毛竹桩具有柔韧性，可随风浪产生一定的变形，则在垂向也可产生一定的滑动位移。
参见附图3，它是本实施例提供的消浪排桩的固定桩与围檩的连接结构示意图；围檩1可以是槽钢等材料；采用连接螺栓4将固定桩2和围檩1固定。
本实施例提供的消浪排桩发挥钢管强度高、毛竹韧性好的材料力学性能，既增强结构本身的抗风浪能力，又达到很好的消浪效果，还可增强消浪排桩的经济性和施工的便利性。
参见附图4，它是本实施例提供的拦藻帘的主视结构示意图；拦藻帘由帘子布、浮子带7、沉子带10、固定桩2组成；帘子布一般可采用无纺土工布，上下部为整体结构，但所用的材料性能不同，其上部为刷胶土工布即不透水布8，高度需大于蓝藻正常生长的水层厚度，一般为70～90cm，下部为透水土工布9，帘子布顶部系牢浮子带7，底部系牢沉子带10；浮子带由钢丝绳串起空腔塑料等浮体制作；沉子带由钢丝绳串起铁块等重物制作；定位桩可为钢管桩、混凝土桩等，其上部系着浮子带，下部系着沉子带。拦藻帘上端的高度设在湖泊常水位的水位线5处，拦藻帘底高程一般可高于湖底10～20cm；固定桩的材料和安装与消浪排桩相同。
按需设置隔离设施可以是消浪排桩和拦藻帘结合消浪排桩；拦藻帘设置在消浪排桩的下风向侧，与排桩间距10～20m，以便工作船进行清理和维护作业。
本实施例提供的控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚方法的具体步骤如下：
1.确定消浪重点区域。底泥磷含量高的湖区即为消浪重点区域；
2.确定重点防控区域。调研确定饮用水水源保护区、生态敏感区、旅游观光区、居民生活区附近湖区等区域，这些区域即为重点防控区域；
3.依据风玫瑰图、消浪重点区域和重点防控区域，对隔离设施平面布局进行统筹安排，兼顾消浪效果和拦截防控效果；还可进一步依据湖区岛屿、生物通道、交通航道等基础条件和限制条件，调整优化隔离设施平面布局。
隔离设施包括消浪排桩和拦藻帘。研究表明，消浪桩排列越紧密，消浪效果越好,所受风浪压力越大；消浪桩刚度越大，所受风浪压力亦越大。本发明把消浪桩紧密排列形成刚柔混合结构的消浪排桩，由钢管桩（也可以是钢筋混凝土桩）、围檩、毛竹桩和连接螺栓组成。充分发挥钢管桩强度高、毛竹桩韧性好的材料力学性能，既增强结构本身的抗风浪能力，又达到很好的消浪效果，还可增强消浪排桩的经济性和施工的便利性。
参见附图5，它是按本实施例上述提供的控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚方法，得到的消浪排桩和拦藻帘在湖区内的平面布置示意图；以某一城市风景区为例，通过调研该风景区湖区周边环境，确定旅游观光区16、中央商务区14、居民生活区17、蓝藻易集聚区15等四个重点防控区域。依据风向玫瑰图13、消浪重点区（本实施例为全湖消浪）和重点防控区，对隔离设施平面布局进行统筹安排，兼顾消浪效果和拦截保护效果，按需分别设置隔离设施消浪排桩11和拦藻帘结合消浪排桩12。在本实施例中，隔离设施分段布设在湖区内四个重点防控区域的近岸区域和中央区域，形成若干个小区；中央区域隔离设施设置消浪排桩11，呈纵横交叉布设；重点防控区域的近岸区域的隔离设施为拦藻帘结合消浪排桩12，隔离设施由消浪排桩和拦藻帘组成，消浪排桩布设在重点防控域外围50～100m，拦藻帘设置在消浪排桩的下风向侧，与排桩间距20m左右。
再可依据湖区岛屿、生物通道、交通航道等基础条件和限制条件，调整优化隔离设施平面布局后按区域安装隔离设施。按本实施例提供的技术方案，经实际应用后，可达到在重点防控区的蓝藻集聚度减轻90%，风浪最大吹程由4km降为1km的效果。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    （1）以湖区底泥磷含量高的区域为消浪重点区域；
    （2）以饮用水水源保护区、生态敏感区、旅游观光区、居民生活区附近湖区区域中的一种或任意种为重点防控区域；
    （3）依据风玫瑰图和消浪重点区域、重点防控区域，将湖内划分成若干个区段，分段布设隔离设施，得到控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的隔离设施设置方案；
    （4）按区域安装隔离设施，所述的隔离设施包括消浪排桩、拦藻帘；
    所述的消浪重点区域为湖区中央区域时，设置的隔离设施为呈纵横交叉布设的消浪排桩；
    所述的重点防控区域，在其近岸区域设置的隔离设施为消浪排桩和拦藻帘，消浪排桩布设在重点防控区域外围50～100m处，拦藻帘设置在消浪排桩的下风向侧，消浪排桩和拦藻帘的间距为10～20m；
    所述的消浪排桩包括固定桩（2）、围檩（1）、毛竹桩（3）和连接螺栓（4）；固定桩（2）的底端嵌入河床，顶端高于湖泊常水位；在固定桩的两侧设置围檩（1），围檩高度位于湖泊常水位处，通过连接螺栓（4）将固定桩与围檩固定，成为直立于湖内的框架；在相邻固定桩之间的框架内依次排列若干毛竹桩（3），毛竹桩的底端嵌入河床以下40～60cm，形成固定端，毛竹桩的上端限位于两根围檩之间，形成滑动支座；
    所述的拦藻帘包括固定桩（2）、帘子布、浮子带（7）和沉子带（10）；固定桩（2）的底端嵌入河床；帘子布采用上下两种结构的无纺土工布，上下部为整体结构，其上部为刷胶土工布即不透水布（8），高度大于蓝藻生长的水层厚度，下部为透水土工布（9），帘子布顶部系牢浮子带（7），底部系牢沉子带（10）；浮子带固定于固定桩上部，沉子带固定于固定桩下部，拦藻帘上端的高度位于湖泊常水位处，拦藻帘底高程高于湖底10～20cm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种控制湖区底泥污染释放和蓝藻集聚的方法，其特征在于：所述的固定桩为钢管桩或混凝土桩，固定桩嵌入河床的深度为水深的1.5～2倍。
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