WO2022012340A1 - 投影显示系统 - Google Patents

投影显示系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012340A1
WO2022012340A1 PCT/CN2021/103970 CN2021103970W WO2022012340A1 WO 2022012340 A1 WO2022012340 A1 WO 2022012340A1 CN 2021103970 W CN2021103970 W CN 2021103970W WO 2022012340 A1 WO2022012340 A1 WO 2022012340A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
lens group
lens
combining device
spatial light
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/103970
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余新
吴超
陈孟浩
赵鹏
李屹
Original Assignee
深圳光峰科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022012340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012340A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/1066—Beam splitting or combining systems for enhancing image performance, like resolution, pixel numbers, dual magnifications or dynamic range, by tiling, slicing or overlapping fields of view
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/143—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using macroscopically faceted or segmented reflective surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/14—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of projection display, and more particularly, relates to a projection display system.
  • the objects of the present application include, for example, providing a projection display system to realize high-resolution display of images.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a projection display system, including a lens, at least two spatial light modulators, and a light combining device; the lens includes a rear lens group and at least two front lens groups, the at least two front lens groups and at least two front lens groups
  • the spatial light modulators are in one-to-one correspondence, so that the at least two spatial light modulators emit the modulated modulated beams to at least two front-end lens groups, and the at least two front-end lens groups are respectively located at two positions of the aperture stop of the lens.
  • the light combining device is arranged at the aperture stop position of the lens, and includes a guide surface corresponding to at least two front lens groups one-to-one, and the guide surface guides the outgoing beam of the corresponding front lens group to the rear lens group from the rear lens group.
  • the front optical path of the rear lens group is combined into one by at least two paths at the aperture stop of the lens, and at least two front lens groups are respectively arranged in the at least two front optical paths of the rear lens group, and each spatial light modulation
  • the device is located in the front-end optical path of the corresponding front-end lens group, and the light combining device is used to combine and guide the modulated light beams emitted by the at least two spatial light modulators to the rear-end lens group for output.
  • the light combining device includes an opposite bottom end and a top end, the guide surface gradually approaches from the bottom end to the top end and intersects at the top end, when the modulated light beam exiting through the front lens group is reflected on the guide surface, the reflected light beam located at the edge is on the guide surface. There is a distance between the position on the light combining device and the top end of the light combining device.
  • the light combining device is a triangular prism
  • the guide surfaces are two side surfaces corresponding to and adjacent to the front-end lens group
  • the top is an edge formed by the intersection of the two guide surfaces.
  • the light combining device is a quadrangular pyramid
  • the guide surfaces are four side surfaces corresponding to the front-end lens groups and connected in sequence
  • the top is the vertex formed by the intersection of the four guide surfaces.
  • the modulated light beams emitted by the at least two spatial light modulators have an inclination angle with the optical axis of the corresponding front-end lens group, so as to pass through the at least two spatial light modulators and the corresponding optical axes in sequence.
  • the light beams emitted after the front lens group do not overlap at the top position of the light combining device.
  • the modulated light beam is inclined relative to the optical axis of the front lens group toward a side away from the rear lens group.
  • the guide surface is a reflective surface.
  • optical axes of the front lens groups located on both sides of the aperture stop position of the lens are coincident.
  • the corresponding spatial light modulator, the front lens group and the guide surface form a light processing group; in the same light processing group, the spatial light modulator and the front lens are sequentially passed through.
  • the light beams of the group are reflected by the guide surface to form a picture in the rear lens group; the picture formed by any of the light processing groups in the rear lens group is adjacent to the light processing group.
  • the picture formed in the rear lens group has an overlap.
  • the light processing groups are four groups, the four front-end lens groups are respectively located in the circumferential direction of the light combining device, and the four spatial light modulators are arranged on the four front-end lenses in a one-to-one correspondence. in the optical path at the front end of the group.
  • the guide surfaces are the four side surfaces of the light combining device, and the pictures formed by any one of the light processing groups and the two adjacent light processing groups in the rear lens group have overlaps. .
  • the light combining device is a tower reflector.
  • the spatial light modulator is DMD, LCD or LCOS.
  • the light combining device is arranged at the position of the aperture stop of the lens.
  • At least two spatial light modulators are arranged in the front-end optical path of the lens, and the at least two spatial light modulators are in one-to-one correspondence with the at least two front-end lens groups.
  • the modulated light beams emitted by the at least two spatial light modulators are combined by the light combining device at the aperture stop position of the lens and output to the rear lens group, thereby splicing multiple modulated images.
  • the incident beam is modulated by different spatial light modulators and exits to the corresponding front-end lens group, and the outgoing beam passing through the front-end lens group exits to different guide surfaces of the light combining device, and passes through the combined light at the position of the aperture stop of the lens.
  • the device combines light and splices at least two image beams overlapping each other to achieve a high-resolution display screen, improve the display effect, and have a higher refresh rate and color bit depth.
  • the size of the aperture stop of the lens can be adjusted through the parameter design of the lens, an aperture stop smaller than that of the spatial modulator can be obtained. That is, on the premise of not changing the size of the image formed in the spatial light modulator and the rear lens group, by reducing the light combining area, the structure size of the light combining device and the lens is reduced, which is beneficial to reduce the overall volume.
  • the optical system shares a set of rear lens groups, which is convenient to use, can avoid repeated development, and is conducive to reducing costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of screen splicing performed by a projection display system provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a picture generated by projection of a single spatial light modulator according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a light combining device in a projection display system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a triangular prism in a projection display system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram in which the light combining device in the projection display system provided by an embodiment of the application is a quadrangular pyramid;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of image splicing generated by projection of two spatial light modulators according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of light beams of two spatial light modulators projecting and generating a picture according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram corresponding to four spatial light modulators and light combining devices according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of image splicing generated by projection of four spatial light modulators according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of screen splicing generated by projection when the spatial light modulator provided by an embodiment of the application is a DMD;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of image splicing generated by projection when the spatial light modulator is an LCOS provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the projection display effect can be effectively improved by increasing the resolution of the projection display picture, and the resolution of the projection display picture can be improved by the following three methods.
  • the first is by increasing the resolution of the spatial light modulator itself. Since the resolution of a single spatial light modulator is limited, if the resolution is too high, the manufacturing difficulty of the spatial light modulator will be greatly increased, and the cost will also be greatly increased.
  • the second is to improve the resolution of the projected display screen through an XPR (Extended Pixel Resolution) device.
  • XPR Extended Pixel Resolution
  • the method of time division multiplexing is used to display different contents in different picture frames, and then the image is slightly displaced by the XPR device (the common size is half a projected pixel). , and finally splicing pictures of different frames to obtain an equivalent higher-resolution image.
  • every 4 frames is a cycle, and shifting half a pixel when each frame is displayed, which can equivalently achieve a 4K display effect.
  • the final image effect is inferior to the native 4K image effect.
  • the third method is to use the method of picture splicing.
  • rear projection wall is one of them.
  • Using multiple rear-projection modules to directly splicing together can get a larger and higher-resolution display. Since multiple rear projection modules are directly superimposed, there will be gaps caused by splicing between the pictures, which will affect the display effect.
  • the overlapping area can be corrected by using the scheme of overlapping and splicing projection images, and then using the method of digital correction, so as to obtain a continuous transition image without generating display gaps.
  • the inventor found through research that the pictures generated by multiple spatial light modulators can be spliced. With this method, it is necessary to make the pictures overlap each other so that there will be no gaps, and at the same time, the thermal deformation effect of the machine can be resisted. However, since the actual devices cannot interfere with each other, it is difficult to overlap multiple spatial light modulators themselves.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a projection display system 100 .
  • the projection display system 100 illuminates multiple spatial light modulators 120 (here, multiple refers to two or more) through incident light beams, and modulated light beams 141 modulated by the spatial light modulators 120 are incident on the lens 110 .
  • the light combining device 130 For the front lens group 113 , by placing the light combining device 130 at the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 , the light beam emitted by the front lens group 113 is combined by the light combining device 130 and reflected to the rear lens group 111 of the lens 110 .
  • the light combining device 130 combines the modulated light beams 141 emitted by the multiple spatial light modulators 120 and guides them to the rear lens group 111 for output, so as to stitch at least two image light beams overlapping each other. It is beneficial to obtain a high-resolution image, and the optical system is emitted by a single lens, which is convenient to use, effectively improves the resolution effect, and does not attenuate the refresh rate and color bit depth.
  • the projection display system 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a lens 110 , at least two spatial light modulators 120 , and a light combining device 130 .
  • the lens 110 includes a rear lens group 111 and at least two front lens groups 113.
  • the at least two front lens groups 113 are respectively located on both sides of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110, and are connected with the at least two spatial light modulators 120.
  • the light combining device 130 is disposed at the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 , and includes a guide surface 131 corresponding to the at least two front lens groups 113 one-to-one.
  • the incident light beam is incident on at least two spatial light modulators 120 , and the modulated light beam 141 modulated by the spatial light modulator 120 is emitted to the front-end lens group 113 corresponding to it, and after passing through the front-end lens group 113 , it is emitted to the and of the light combining device 130 .
  • the light On the guide surface 131 corresponding to the front lens group 113 , the light is combined by the light combining device 130 and guided to the rear lens group 111 of the lens 110 for output, thereby forming an imaging optical path.
  • the front lens group 113 is located in the front optical path of the rear lens group 111
  • the light combining device 130 is located in the optical path between the front lens group 113 and the rear lens group 111 , and is located at the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110
  • the spatial light modulator 120 is located in the front-end optical path of the front-end lens group 113 .
  • the front-end optical path can be understood as the position where a beam of light passes first is the front end, and the position where the same beam passes after is the rear end.
  • the front optical paths of the rear lens group 111 are combined by at least two paths at the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110, and at least two front lens groups 113 are respectively arranged in the at least two front optical paths of the rear lens group 111.
  • the spatial light modulator 120 is located in the front-end optical path of the front-end lens group 113 corresponding to it.
  • the projection display system 100 combines the modulated light beams 141 emitted by at least two spatial light modulators 120 through the light combining device 130 and guides them to the rear lens group 111 of the lens 110 for output, thereby realizing the splicing of projection images.
  • the light combining device 130 is arranged at the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 .
  • a high-resolution display image is realized, a better resolution effect is obtained, a higher refresh rate and color bit depth are achieved, and the actual edges and corners of the light combining device 130 are prevented from affecting the image when combining light.
  • the working principle is introduced by taking the projection of a single spatial light modulator 120 to generate a picture as an example.
  • the lens 110 includes a front lens group 113 and a rear lens group 111 , the spatial light modulator 120 is arranged in the front optical path of the lens 110 , and the incident light beam is modulated by the spatial light modulator 120 and then exits modulated The light beam 141 and the modulated light beam 141 sequentially exit through the front lens group 113 and the rear lens group 111 of the lens 110 , and finally form a projection image 140 in the rear optical path of the lens 110 .
  • the front lens group 113 may be a single lens or a combination of multiple lenses.
  • the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 is positioned between the front lens group 113 and the rear lens group 111 . From the position of the spatial light modulator 120 to the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 , after the image formed by the spatial light modulator 120 is transformed, the brightness distribution of light at different positions of the spatial light modulator 120 becomes the aperture of the lens 110 The brightness distribution of light at different angles at the position of the diaphragm 115 is equivalent to a conversion from a surface distribution to an angular distribution.
  • the position of the spatial light modulator 120 corresponds to the angular distribution at the aperture stop 115, so that the The position of the final projection screen 140 is determined by the position of the spatial light modulator 120 .
  • the offset (offset) to the spatial light modulator 120 , the position of the projection picture 140 of a single spatial light modulator relative to the center of the lens 110 appears offset.
  • the projection display system 100 According to the above-mentioned working principle of generating a picture by projection of a single spatial light modulator 120 , the projection display system 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below.
  • the lens 110 includes a rear lens group 111 and at least two front lens groups 113 .
  • the front lens group 113 may be a single lens or a combination of multiple lenses. At least two front lens groups 113 are the same lens or lens group.
  • the rear lens group 111 may also be a single lens, or a combination of multiple lenses, depending on actual imaging requirements.
  • the outgoing light beams (at least two beams) of the at least two front lens groups 113 are combined by the light combining device 130 at the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 to form one beam incident to the rear lens group 111 .
  • the front-end optical path of the rear-end lens group 111 may include at least two beam branches emitted by the at least two front-end lens groups 113 , and after the light is combined by the light combining device 130 located at the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 , A combined beam of light.
  • At least two front-end lens groups 113 are respectively arranged in at least two front-end optical paths of the rear-end lens group 111, that is, at least two front-end lens groups 113 are arranged in at least two beam branches in a one-to-one correspondence, and at least two front ends
  • the lens groups 113 are located on both sides of the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110, respectively.
  • the front-end optical path of the rear-end lens group 111 includes the beam branches respectively emitted by the two front-end lens groups 113 and the two beam branches passing through the
  • the light combining device 130 at the position of the aperture stop 115 combines and reflects light into a beam of light paths.
  • the two front lens groups 113 are respectively located in the two beam branches, and are respectively located on both sides of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 (the two sides here can be understood as passing through the central axis of the rear lens group 111 and perpendicular to the two sides.
  • the central axis of each front lens group 113 is a plane, the plane is perpendicular to the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110, and the two front lens groups 113 are symmetrical about this plane).
  • the front optical path of the rear lens group 111 includes four beam branches respectively emitted by the front lens groups 113 and the four beam branches pass through the position of the aperture stop 115 located in the lens 110
  • the light combining device 130 combines and reflects light into a beam path.
  • the four front lens groups 113 are respectively located in the four beam branches, and are respectively located in the circumferential direction of the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 .
  • the four front lens groups 113 are divided into two groups, the two front lens groups 113 in the same group are disposed opposite to each other, and the two front lens groups 113 in the same group are located on both sides of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 respectively. There are included angles between the central axes of the front lens groups 113 of different groups. In an optional embodiment, four front lens groups 113 are evenly arranged around the central axes of the rear lens groups 111 .
  • a light combining device 130 is arranged at the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 .
  • the light combining device 130 includes the same number of guide surfaces 131 as the front lens groups 113 of the lens 110 and one-to-one correspondence.
  • the one-to-one correspondence here means that one front lens group 113 corresponds to one guide surface 131 of the light combining device 130 .
  • the light beam passing through the corresponding front lens group 113 is refracted through different guide surfaces 131, so that different beam branches are merged into one beam path, and then the beam image is projected through the rear lens group 111, so as to realize
  • the pictures of at least two spatial light modulators 120 are stitched.
  • a spatial light modulator 120 is arranged in the front-end optical path of each front-end lens group 113 , so that the spatial light modulator 120 corresponds to the front-end lens group 113 one-to-one, and further corresponds to the guide surface 131 of the light combining device 130 . A correspondence.
  • optical axes of the front lens groups 113 located on both sides of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 are coincident.
  • the number of the spatial light modulators 120 is also two.
  • the two front lens groups 113 are located on both sides of the aperture stop 115 respectively, and the optical axes of the two front lens groups 113 are coincident.
  • the number of the spatial light modulators 120 is also two or more and is the same as the number of the front lens groups 113 .
  • the front lens groups 113 are respectively located in the circumferential direction of the aperture stop 115 , and the optical axes of all the front lens groups 113 are located on the same plane, and the plane is parallel or coincident with the plane where the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 is located.
  • the number of the front lens groups 113 is four
  • the number of the spatial light modulators 120 is also four.
  • the four front lens groups 113 are respectively located in the circumferential direction of the aperture stop 115, and the optical axes of the four front lens groups 113 are located on the same plane.
  • the corresponding two front lens groups 113 are located on both sides of the aperture stop 115 , and the optical axes of the corresponding two front lens groups 113 are coincident.
  • the optical axes of the four front lens groups 113 are all located on the same plane that is parallel or coincident with the plane where the aperture stop 115 is located.
  • the light combining device 130 includes opposite bottom ends 135 and top ends 133 , the guide surfaces 131 gradually approach from the bottom end 135 to the top end 133 and intersect at the top end 133 , wherein the top end 133 is located at the aperture stop of the lens 110 position.
  • the light combining device 130 is a triangular prism structure (as shown in FIG. 4 ).
  • the guide surfaces 131 of the light combining device 130 are two side surfaces of a triangular prism, and the two side surfaces are in one-to-one correspondence with the two front lens groups, and the top 133 is an edge formed by the intersection of the two side surfaces.
  • the light combining device 130 is a quadrangular pyramid structure (as shown in FIG. 5 ).
  • the guide surface 131 of the light combining device 130 is the four sides of the quadrangular pyramid, and the four sides correspond to the four front lens groups one-to-one, and the top 133 is the vertex formed by the intersection of the four sides.
  • the modulated light beam 141 modulated by the spatial light modulator 120 is emitted from the front lens group 113 to the corresponding guide surface 131 , and when reflected to the rear lens group 111 through the guide surface 131 , it is located at the edge
  • the position of the reflected light beam on the guide surface 131 and the top end 133 of the light combining device 130 have a distance.
  • the reflected light beam located at the edge here refers to the edge light beam that is close to the top 133 of the light combining device 130 relative to the light combining device 130 .
  • the illumination beam of the spatial light modulator 120 can be designed so that the position of the reflected beam at the edge is staggered from the top 133 of the light combining device 130 . Therefore, it is ensured that when the images of at least two spatial light modulators 120 are combined under the action of the light combining device 130 , no splicing gap will appear in the images due to the manufacturing tolerance of the top 133 of the light combining device 130 .
  • FIG. 6 shows two spatial light modulators ( 121 , 123 ) passing through the corresponding front lens groups ( 1130 , 1132 ) and the two guiding surfaces ( 1310 , 1312 ) of the light combining device 130 respectively.
  • the modulated light beams 141 emitted by the at least two spatial light modulators (121, 123) and the central axes of the corresponding front lens groups (1130, 1132) have an oblique angle.
  • the two spatial light modulators 120 are respectively disposed in the front-end optical paths of the two front-end lens groups 113 of the lens 110 .
  • the optical axis of the front lens group 113 is the first optical axis 1134
  • the optical axis of the rear lens group 111 is the second optical axis 1118 .
  • the incident direction of the modulated light beam 141 modulated by the spatial light modulator 120 is directed away from the rear lens group with respect to the optical axis (the first optical axis 1134 ) of the corresponding front lens group 113 .
  • One side of the 111 is inclined. After the incident light beam passes through different spatial light modulators 120, the front lens group 113, and different guiding surfaces 131 of the light combining device 130 in sequence, the direction of the outgoing light beam 143 is also different.
  • the outgoing beams 143 corresponding to different incident beams are directed away from the second optical axis 1118 (represented by two different dashed lines in FIG. 7 ).
  • the inclination angle of the incident light beam should satisfy that the outgoing light beam 143 after passing through different spatial light modulators 120 and the front lens group 113 does not overlap.
  • the light combining device 130 is disposed at the angular distribution position of the spliced image formed in the rear lens group 111 , that is, the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 .
  • the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 is positioned on a plane as shown in FIG. 2 , and the plane is parallel to the plane where the stitched image formed in the rear lens group 111 is located. Since the guiding surfaces (1310, 1312) of the light combining device 130 are inclined relative to the angular distribution position of the spliced image, the guiding surface of the light combining device 130 cannot coincide with the surface where the angular distribution of the spliced image is located.
  • the light beam incident on the guide surface 131 is completely staggered from the top end 133 of the light combining device 130 , so the top end 133 of the light combining device 130 is set near the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 .
  • the top 133 of the light combining device 130 is disposed at the center of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 , wherein the center of the aperture stop 115 here refers to the intersection of the optical axis of the rear lens group 111 and the aperture stop 115 .
  • the light rays perpendicular to the plane where the spliced image is located will converge at the center of the aperture stop 115 , that is, the position of the top 133 of the light combining device 130 . From the perspective of FIG. 6 , if the light slanted to the left is used, it will converge on the left side of the center of the aperture stop 115 ; if the light slanted to the right is used, it will converge on the right side of the center of the aperture stop 115 .
  • tilting to the left and tilting to the right means that the angle of incidence of the light is in the opposite direction with respect to the optical axis of the rear lens group 111 .
  • the two spatial light modulators 120 include a first modulator 121 and a second modulator 123.
  • the first modulator 121 generates a first image 1110 through the first front lens group 1130 and the first guide surface 1310
  • the second The modulator 123 generates the second image 1112 through the second front lens group 1132 and the second guide surface 1312.
  • the top end 133 of the light combining device 130 is placed at the center of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110, and an angularly inclined illumination beam is used for the first modulator 121, so that the light rays of the first image 1110 formed are all from the aperture light beam.
  • the left side of the center of the aperture stop 115 is obliquely incident; the second modulator 123 is used with an illuminating beam inclined in the opposite direction, so that the light rays of the second image 1112 formed are all obliquely incident from the right side of the center of the aperture stop 115 .
  • the rays corresponding to the first image 1110 and the second image 1112 are completely separated.
  • Incident light at different angles is used to illuminate different spatial light modulators 120 , and then exits to different guide surfaces 131 of the light combining device 130 after passing through the spatial light modulator 120 and the front lens group 113 , so as to be separated at the light combining device 130 , regardless of the overlap between multiple images, does not limit the degree of image stitching. Therefore, the overlapping state between multiple images can be arbitrarily set under the premise that the incident light rays are sufficiently separated.
  • the light beams emitted by each spatial light modulator 120 cannot overlap each other at the light combining device 130 .
  • the display will fail due to energy loss, such as gaps and dark lines, so that effective light combining cannot be performed.
  • the position of the top end 133 of the light combining device 130 is actually manufactured, there will be some problems such as edge chipping, so that the area of the top end 133 cannot be used.
  • the position of the spliced image emitted from the rear lens group 111 depends on the position of the spatial light modulator 120 .
  • the position of the picture formed by each spatial light modulator 120 can be controlled by displacing the spatial light modulator 120 to generate an offset, and the pictures formed by the plurality of spatial light modulators 120 may overlap.
  • the position of the spliced picture can also be adjusted by controlling the angle of the guide surface 131 in the light combining device 130. Since the position of the light combining device 130 is the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110, it is equivalent to combining the spatial light modulator 120 with the front end.
  • the entire lens group 113 is rotated around the guide surface 131 , that is, the angle of the light rays at the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 is deflected. According to the angle of the light rays at the aperture stop 115 corresponding to different positions of the imaging picture in the rear lens group 110, changing the angle of the guide surface 131 in the light combining device 130 will also cause the position of the picture in the rear lens group 111 to move. .
  • each spatial light modulator 120 When multiple spatial light modulators 120 are used for image splicing, the position and angle of each spatial light modulator 120 relative to its corresponding guide surface 131 need to be set according to the form of image splicing.
  • each spatial light modulator 120 perform picture splicing through the light combining device 130 of the quadrangular pyramid structure (wherein, each spatial light modulator 120 and its corresponding guide surface 131 are arranged between There is a front lens group, neither the front lens group nor the rear lens group are shown in Figure 8).
  • the picture finally formed by the four spatial light modulators 120 in the rear lens group 111 is as shown in FIG. 9 . splicing form.
  • the four spatial light modulators 120 are respectively the first modulator 121 , the second modulator 123 , the third modulator 125 and the fourth modulator 127 , and the four spatial light modulators 120 are located at the rear end of the lens 110 .
  • a first image 1110 , a second image 1112 , a third image 1114 and a fourth image 1116 are correspondingly formed in the lens group 111 .
  • the pictures formed by any one spatial light modulator 120 in the rear lens group 111 and the pictures formed by the two adjacent spatial light modulators 120 in the rear lens group 111 all have overlapping parts.
  • an overall picture without seams can be formed by means of digital correction.
  • the above example illustrates the embodiment in which two spatial light modulators 120 and four spatial light modulators 120 perform picture splicing.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the number of spatial light modulators 120, as long as the space
  • the number of the light modulators 120 may be two or more, which is determined according to actual usage requirements.
  • the structure of the light combining device 130 is not required, as long as the light combining device 130 reflects and combines the light rays of the multiple spatial light modulators 120 through the plurality of guide surfaces 131 into the rear lens group 111 for projection.
  • the corresponding spatial light modulator 120 , the front lens group 113 and the guide surface 131 of the light combining device 130 form a light processing group.
  • the light beams passing through the spatial light modulator 120 and the front lens group 113 in sequence are reflected by the guide surface 131 to form a picture in the rear lens group 111 .
  • the picture formed by any light processing group in the rear lens group 111 overlaps with the picture formed by the adjacent light processing group in the rear lens group 111 .
  • the guide surfaces 131 are the four side surfaces of the light combining device 130 , and correspondingly, the light processing groups are four groups.
  • the four front-end lens groups 113 are respectively located in the circumferential direction of the light combining device 130 and correspond to the four guide surfaces 131 one-to-one, and at the same time, the four spatial light modulators 120 are also arranged at the front ends of the four front-end lens groups 113 in a one-to-one correspondence. in the light path.
  • the light combining device 130 is a tower mirror.
  • the tower reflector includes opposite tower bottom and tower top, and presents a shrinking and converging structure from the tower bottom to the tower top.
  • the tower reflector includes a bottom surface located at the bottom of the tower and a side surface connecting the bottom of the tower and the top of the tower.
  • the bottom surface is a polygon, and the number of sides of the bottom surface is the same as the number of sides. From the bottom of the tower to the top of the tower, the sides gradually shrink and converge and intersect at the top of the tower. The sides that are close to each other are the guide surfaces 131 of the light combining device 130 .
  • the tower mirror is a triangular prism structure.
  • the triangular prism includes two parallel planes and three intersecting sides, one of which is the bottom of the tower bottom, and the other two sides are gradually shrinking from the bottom of the tower to the top of the tower, approaching and intersecting.
  • the guide surface 131 of the optical device 130 and the edge formed by the intersection between the two guide surfaces 131 is the top 133 .
  • the tower reflector has a quadrangular pyramid structure.
  • the quadrangular pyramid includes a bottom surface and four side surfaces respectively connected with the four sides of the bottom surface.
  • the four side surfaces gradually shrink from the direction of the bottom of the tower to the direction of the top of the tower and intersect at a point at the top of the tower, which is the combined light.
  • the guide surfaces 131 are the four sides of the quadrangular pyramid.
  • the multiple beam branches formed by the multiple spatial light modulators 120 are combined into one beam after being combined at the light combining device 130 . That is to say, a light beam spliced together by a plurality of light spots will appear in the front end optical path of the rear lens group 111 .
  • the rear lens group 111 of the lens 110 will simultaneously receive light from multiple light spots. Therefore, when designing the rear lens group 111, it is necessary to ensure that the diameter of the rear lens group 111 is sufficient to receive light from all the spots, leaving enough margin.
  • the spatial light modulator 120 can be, but is not limited to, DMD (Digital Micromirror Device, digital micromirror device), LCOS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon, liquid crystal on silicon), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal display), etc., The following takes DMD and LCOS as examples for description.
  • DMD Digital Micromirror Device, digital micromirror device
  • LCOS Liquid Crystal on Silicon, liquid crystal on silicon
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal display
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of image stitching performed by two DMDs.
  • the light combining device 130 is a tower reflector, the rear lens group is not shown, and a TIR prism 128 device matching the DMD is provided between each front lens group 113 and its corresponding DMD.
  • the front-end lens group 113 is used to refract the picture beam of the corresponding DMD, and the refracted light beam is combined at the light combining device 130.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of image stitching performed by two LCOSs.
  • the light combining device 130 is a tower mirror, the rear lens group is not shown, and a PBS prism 129 device matching the LCOS is provided between each front lens group 113 and its corresponding LCOS.
  • the front-end lens group 113 is used to refract the corresponding LCOS picture light beam, and the refracted light beam is combined at the light combining device 130 .
  • the light combining device 130 is disposed at the position of the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110, so that the at least two spatial light modulators 120 are located in the lens
  • the position of the aperture stop 115 of 110 is combined with light, and then multiple pictures are spliced.
  • the optical system can separate the illumination angles of each spatial light modulator 120, so as to avoid the influence of the top 133 of the light combining device 130 on the picture when combining light, and it is not easy to cause interference between multiple spatial light modulators 120. . Realize high-resolution display images, improve display effects, and have higher refresh rate and color bit depth; share a set of rear lens groups 111 to avoid repeated development and help reduce costs.
  • the aperture stop 115 of the lens 110 can be adjusted through parameter design of the lens 110, the aperture stop 115 smaller than that of the spatial modulator can be obtained. That is to say, on the premise of not changing the size of the image formed in the spatial light modulator 120 and the rear lens group 111, by reducing the light combining area to reduce the structural size of the light combining device 130 and the lens 110, In turn, the overall volume of the optical system is reduced.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种投影显示系统，属于投影显示技术领域。该投影显示系统包括镜头、至少两个空间光调制器及合光器件。镜头包括后端透镜组和至少两个前端透镜组，至少两个前端透镜组分别位于镜头的孔径光阑位置的两侧，后端透镜组的前端光路在镜头的孔径光阑处由多路合为一路。至少两个空间光调制器与至少两个前端透镜组一一对应且位于与其相对应的前端透镜组的前端光路中，合光器件设置于镜头的孔径光阑位置且包括与至少两个前端透镜组一一对应的引导面，引导面将与其相对应的前端透镜组的出射光束引导至从后端透镜组出射。该投影显示系统可以实现高分辨率的显示画面，获得较好的分辨效果。

Description

投影显示系统 技术领域
本申请属于投影显示技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种投影显示系统。
背景技术
提高投影显示画面的分辨率可以有效的提高显示效果。由于投影的分辨率受到空间光调制器分辨率的制约，单个空间光调制器的分辨率是有限的，过高的分辨率会导致空间光调制器的制造难度急剧变高，成本也会提高。
除了直接利用空间光调制器本身的分辨率外，还可以采用多个低分辨率的图像拼接为一个更高分辨率的画面的方法。
然而，目前采用多个低分辨率的图像拼接的方式，存在显示效果较差的问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的包括，例如，提供了一种投影显示系统，以实现图像的高分辨显示。
本申请的实施例提供一种投影显示系统，包括镜头、至少两个空间光调制器以及合光器件；镜头包括后端透镜组和至少两个前端透镜组，至少两个前端透镜组与至少两个空间光调制器一一对应，以使至少两个空间光调制器将调制后的调制光束出射至至少两个前端透镜组，且至少两个前端透镜组分别位于镜头的孔径光阑位置的两侧；合光器件设置于镜头的孔径光阑位置，且包括与至少两个前端透镜组一一对应的引导面，引导面将与其相对应的前端透镜组的出射光束引导至从后端透镜组出射；后端透镜组的前端光路在镜头的孔径光阑处由至少两路合为一路，至少两个前端透镜组分别设置于后端透镜组的至少两路前端光路中，每个空间光调制器位于 与其相对应的前端透镜组的前端光路中，合光器件用于将至少两个空间光调制器出射的调制光束合并并引导至后端透镜组出射。
进一步的，合光器件包括相对的底端和顶端，引导面从底端向顶端逐渐靠拢且在顶端相交，经过前端透镜组出射的调制光束在引导面反射时，位于边缘的反射光束在引导面上的位置与合光器件的顶端之间具有间距。
进一步的，前端透镜组为两个，合光器件为三棱柱，引导面为与前端透镜组一一对应且相邻的两个侧面，顶端为两个引导面相交所形成的棱。
进一步的，前端透镜组为四个，合光器件为四棱锥，引导面为与前端透镜组一一对应且依次连接的四个侧面，顶端为四个引导面相交所形成的顶点。
进一步的，所述至少两个空间光调制器出射的调制光束与对应的所述前端透镜组的光轴之间具有倾斜角度，以使依序经过所述至少两个空间光调制器和对应的前端透镜组后出射的光束在所述合光器件的顶端位置没有重叠。
进一步的，所述调制光束相对于所述前端透镜组的光轴朝向背离所述后端透镜组的一侧倾斜。
进一步的，所述引导面为反射面。
进一步的，位于所述镜头的孔径光阑位置两侧的所述前端透镜组的光轴重合。
进一步的，相对应的所述空间光调制器、所述前端透镜组及所述引导面形成光处理组；在同一所述光处理组中，依次经过所述空间光调制器和所述前端透镜组的光束经过所述引导面的反射，在所述后端透镜组中形成画面；任一所述光处理组在所述后端透镜组中所形成的画面与其相邻的所述光处理组在所述后端透镜组中形成的画面具有交叠。
进一步的，所述光处理组为四组，四个所述前端透镜组分别位于所述合光器件的周向，四个所述空间光调制器一一对应地设置于四个所述前端透镜组的前端光路中。
进一步的，所述引导面为所述合光器件的四个侧面，任一个所述光处理组与其相邻的两个所述光处理组在所述后端透镜组中形成的画面具有交叠。
进一步的，所述合光器件为塔型反射镜。
进一步的，所述空间光调制器为DMD、LCD或LCOS。
本申请实施例提供的投影显示系统，通过将合光器件设置于镜头的孔径光阑位置。在镜头的前端光路中设置至少两个空间光调制器，且使至少两个空间光调制器与至少两个前端透镜组一一对应。至少两个空间光调制器出射的调制光束在镜头的孔径光阑位置通过合光器件合光且出射至后端透镜组，进而对多个调制图像进行拼接。
入射光束经过不同的空间光调制器的调制出射至相对应的前端透镜组，经过前端透镜组的出射光束出射到合光器件的不同引导面上，通过位于镜头的孔径光阑位置处的合光器件合光且将至少两个图像光束进行互相交叠的拼接，实现高分辨显示画面，提高显示效果，具有更高的刷新率和色彩位深。
由于镜头的孔径光阑的大小可以通过镜头的参数设计去调整，从而可以得到比空间调制器小的孔径光阑。即在不改变空间光调制器和后端透镜组中所形成的图像大小的前提下，通过将合光区域变小，从而减小合光器件和镜头的结构尺寸，有利于减小整体体积。另外，该光学系统共用一套后端透镜组，使用方便，可以避免重复开发，有利于降低成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的投影显示系统进行画面拼接的示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的单个空间光调制器投影产生画面的示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的投影显示系统中合光器件的示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的投影显示系统中合光器件为三棱柱的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一实施例提供的投影显示系统中合光器件为四棱锥的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一实施例提供的两个空间光调制器投影产生画面拼接的示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例提供的两个空间光调制器投影产生画面的光束示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例提供的四个空间光调制器与合光器件对应的结构示意图；
图9为本申请一实施例提供的四个空间光调制器投影产生画面拼接的示意图；
图10为本申请一实施例提供的空间光调制器为DMD时投影产生画面拼接的示意图；
图11为本申请一实施例提供的空间光调制器为LCOS时投影产生画面拼接的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
投影显示效果可以通过提高投影显示画面的分辨率得到有效地提高，投影显示画面的分辨率可以通过以下三种方法得到提高。
第一种，通过提高空间光调制器本身的分辨率。由于单个空间光调制器的分辨率是有限的，如果采用过高的分辨率会导致空间光调制器的制造难度急剧提升，成本也会提高很多。
第二种，通过XPR(Extended Pixel Resolution,扩展像素分辨率)器件提高投影显示画面的分辨率。根据空间光调制器的高刷新率的特性，采用时分复用的方法，在不同的画面帧内显示不同的内容，再通过XPR器件将图像进行微小的位移(常见的为半个投影像素大小)，最后对不同帧的画面进行拼接，进而得到一个等效更高分辨率的图像。
例如，使用原生1080p的DMD，驱动至240Hz显示，每4帧为一个周期，每帧显示时位移半个像素，可以等效实现4K的显示效果。
然而，由于画面在叠加的时候，像素之间存在交叠，使得最终的画面效果要逊色于原生4K的画面效果。
第三种，采用画面拼接的方法。采用多个低分辨率的图像拼接得到一个高分辨率的图像的方法。
例如，背投拼墙就是其中的一种。使用多个背投模组直接拼接起来就可以得到更大更高分辨率的显示。由于多个背投模组直接叠加会使得画面与画面之间存在拼接导致的缝隙，影响显示效果。当然，可以通过使用投影画面交叠拼接的方案，再使用数码校正的办法，将交叠区域进行修正，从而得到连续过渡的画面，而不产生显示缝隙。
然而，该方案往往需要多台投影机共同协作，并且对于投影机之间的相对摆放位置也有较高要求，导致使用不方便。
另外，发明人经研究发现：可以将多个空间光调制器产生的画面进行拼接。采用该方法就需要使得画面互相交叠才不会出现缝隙，同时可以抵抗机器的热变形效应。然而，由于实际器件不能互相之间存在干涉，从而将多个空间光调制器本身进行交叠难以实现。
基于上述问题，请参照图1，本申请实施例提供了一种投影显示系统100。
该投影显示系统100通过入射光束对多个空间光调制器120(这里的多个是指两个或两个以上)进行照明，经过空间光调制器120调制出射的调制光束141入射至镜头110的前端透镜组113，通过在镜头110的孔径光阑115位置放置合光器件130，以使经过前端透镜组113出射的光束经过合光器件130合光且反射至镜头110的后端透镜组111中。从而使得合光器件130将多个空间光调制器120出射的调制光束141合光并引导至后端透镜组111出射，以将至少两个图像光束进行互相交叠的画面拼接。有利于获得一个高分辨率的图像，且该光学系统由单个镜头出射，使用方便，有效提升分辨效果，且不会衰减刷新率和色彩位深。
具体的，本申请实施例提供的投影显示系统100包括镜头110、至少两个空间光调制器120及合光器件130。
其中，镜头110包括后端透镜组111和至少两个前端透镜组113，至少两个前端透镜组113分别位于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置的两侧，且与至少两个空间光调制器120一一对应。合光器件130设置于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置，且包括与至少两个前端透镜组113一一对应的引导面131。
入射光束入射到至少两个空间光调制器120，经过空间光调制器120调制后的调制光束141出射至与其相对应的前端透镜组113，经过前端透镜组113后出射至合光器件130的与该前端透镜组113相对应的引导面131上，经过合光器件130合光并将光束引导至镜头110的后端透镜组111出射，从而形成成像光路。
也就是说，前端透镜组113位于后端透镜组111的前端光路中，合光器件130位于前端透镜组113和后端透镜组111之间的光路中，且处于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置，空间光调制器120位于前端透镜组113的前端光路中。所说的前端光路可以理解为一束光先经过的位置为前端，同一光束后经过的位置为后端。
后端透镜组111的前端光路在镜头110的孔径光阑115处由至少两路合为一路，至少两个前端透镜组113分别设置于后端透镜组111的至少两路前端光路中，每个空间光调制器120位于与其相对应的前端透镜组113的前端光路中。该投影显示系统100通过合光器件130将至少两个空间光 调制器120出射的调制光束141进行合光并引导至镜头110的后端透镜组111出射，从而实现投影画面的拼接。
本申请实施例提供的投影显示系统100，通过采用多个空间光调制器120，将合光器件130设置于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置。实现高分辨率的显示画面，获得较好的分辨效果，具有较高的刷新率和色彩位深，且避免在合光时，合光器件130的实际棱角对画面产生影响。
首先，以单个空间光调制器120投影产生画面为例进行工作原理介绍。
具体的，请参照图2所示，镜头110包括前端透镜组113和后端透镜组111，空间光调制器120设置在镜头110的前端光路中，入射光束经过空间光调制器120调制后出射调制光束141，调制光束141依序经过镜头110的前端透镜组113和后端透镜组111出射，最终在镜头110的后端光路中形成投影画面140。
其中，前端透镜组113可以是单个透镜，也可以是多个透镜的组合。镜头110的孔径光阑115位置位于前端透镜组113和后端透镜组111之间。从空间光调制器120的位置到镜头110的孔径光阑115位置，空间光调制器120形成的画面经过变换之后，空间光调制器120不同位置上的光的亮度分布变成了镜头110的孔径光阑115位置处不同角度的光的亮度分布，相当于进行了一次面分布到角分布的转换。
由于孔径光阑115处光束覆盖的位置和面积大小是由空间光调制器120产生的画面的角分布决定的，空间光调制器120的位置对应的是孔径光阑115处的角分布，以使最终的投影画面140的位置由空间光调制器120的位置决定。通过对空间光调制器120设置offset(偏移)，以使单个空间光调制器的投影画面140相对于镜头110的中心出现位置的偏移。
根据上述的单个空间光调制器120投影产生画面的工作原理，下面对本申请实施例提供的投影显示系统100进行详细说明。
请继续参照图1所示，镜头110包括后端透镜组111和至少两个前端透镜组113。其中，前端透镜组113可以是单个透镜，也可以是多个透镜的组合。至少两个前端透镜组113为相同的透镜或者透镜组。后端透镜组111也可以是单个透镜，或者是多个透镜的组合，具体根据实际成像需求而定。
至少两个前端透镜组113的出射光束(至少两路光束)在镜头110的孔径光阑115位置经过合光器件130合光为一路光束入射到后端透镜组111。也就是说，后端透镜组111的前端光路可以包括至少两个前端透镜组113出射的至少两个光束支路，和经过位于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置处的合光器件130合光后汇合成的一路光束。至少两个前端透镜组113分别设置在后端透镜组111的至少两路前端光路中，即至少两个前端透镜组113一一对应地设置在至少两个光束支路中，且至少两个前端透镜组113分别位于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置的两侧。
例如，如图1所示，当前端透镜组113的数量为两个时，后端透镜组111的前端光路包括两个前端透镜组113分别出射的光束支路和该两个光束支路经过位于孔径光阑115位置处的合光器件130合光反射后汇合成的一束光路。两个前端透镜组113分别位于该两个光束支路中，且分别位于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置的两侧(这里的两侧可以理解为过后端透镜组111的中心轴线且垂直于两个前端透镜组113的中心轴线做一平面，该平面垂直于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置，两个前端透镜组113关于该平面对称)。
当前端透镜组113的数量为四个时，后端透镜组111的前端光路包括四个前端透镜组113分别出射的光束支路和该四个光束支路经过位于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置的合光器件130合光反射后汇合成的一束光路。四个前端透镜组113分别位于该四个光束支路中，且分别位于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置的周向。四个前端透镜组113分为两组，同一组中的两个前端透镜组113相对设置，且同一组中的两个前端透镜组113分别位于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置的两侧。不同组的前端透镜组113的中心轴线之间具有夹角，在一可选的实施例中，四个前端透镜组113围绕后端透镜组111的中心轴线均匀环设。
进一步地，在镜头110的孔径光阑115位置设置合光器件130。其中，合光器件130包括了与镜头110的前端透镜组113的数量相同且一一对应的引导面131，这里的一一对应是指一个前端透镜组113对应合光器件130的一个引导面131。通过不同的引导面131对经过与其相对应的前端透镜组 113的光束进行折转，从而将不同的光束支路汇合为一束光路，然后通过后端透镜组111将光束画面投射出去，以实现至少两个空间光调制器120的画面拼接。进一步地，在每个前端透镜组113的前端光路中设置有一个空间光调制器120，以使空间光调制器120与前端透镜组113一一对应，进而与合光器件130的引导面131一一对应。
进一步地，位于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置两侧的前端透镜组113的光轴重合。
当前端透镜组113的数量为两个时，空间光调制器120的数量也为两个。两个前端透镜组113分别位于孔径光阑115位置的两侧，且该两个前端透镜组113的光轴重合。
当前端透镜组113的数量为两个以上时，则空间光调制器120的数量也为两个以上且与前端透镜组113的数量相同。前端透镜组113分别位于孔径光阑115位置的周向，全部前端透镜组113的光轴位于同一平面上，且该平面与镜头110的孔径光阑115所在的平面平行或者重合。例如，前端透镜组113的数量为四个，空间光调制器120的数量也为四个。四个前端透镜组113分别位于孔径光阑115位置的周向，该四个前端透镜组113的光轴位于同一平面上。当四个前端透镜组113两两相对时，相对应的两个前端透镜组113位于孔径光阑115位置的两侧，且相对应的两个前端透镜组113的光轴重合。四个前端透镜组113的光轴均位于与孔径光阑115所在平面平行或者重合的同一平面上。
请参照图3，合光器件130包括相对的底端135和顶端133，引导面131从底端135向顶端133逐渐靠拢且在顶端133位置相交，其中，顶端133位置处于镜头110的孔径光阑位置上。
当前端透镜组113的数量为两个时，合光器件130为三棱柱结构(如图4所示)。合光器件130的引导面131为三棱柱的两个侧面，且该两个侧面与两个前端透镜组一一对应，顶端133为该两个侧面相交所形成的棱。
当前端透镜组113的数量为四个时，合光器件130为四棱锥结构(如图5所示)。合光器件130的引导面131为四棱锥的四个侧面，且该四个侧面与四个前端透镜组一一对应，顶端133为该四个侧面相交所形成的顶点。
请继续参照图1，经过空间光调制器120调制后出射的调制光束141从前端透镜组113出射至与其相对应的引导面131上，经过引导面131反射至后端透镜组111时，位于边缘的反射光束在引导面131上的位置与合光器件130的顶端133之间具有间距。其中，这里的位于边缘的反射光束是指相对于合光器件130而言，靠近于合光器件130的顶端133的边缘光束。
由于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置的光束分布是和与其相对应的空间光调制器120产生的画面的角分布有关。可以通过对空间光调制器120的照明光束进行设计，以使边缘的反射光束位置与合光器件130的顶端133错开。从而保证至少两个空间光调制器120的画面在合光器件130的作用下进行光束合并时，不会由于合光器件130的顶端133制作公差而导致图像出现拼接缝隙。
请参照图6所示，图6为两个空间光调制器(121、123)分别经过与其相对应的前端透镜组(1130、1132)和合光器件130的两个引导面(1310、1312)后，在后端透镜组111中所形成的调制画面拼接示意图。本申请实施例提供的投影显示系统100中，至少两个空间光调制器(121、123)出射的调制光束141与其相对应的前端透镜组(1130、1132)的中心轴线之间具有倾斜角度。
具体的，请参照图7所示，当空间光调制器120的数量为两个时，两个空间光调制器120分别设置在镜头110的两个前端透镜组113的前端光路中。前端透镜组113的光轴为第一光轴1134，后端透镜组111的光轴为第二光轴1118。空间光调制器120调制后出射的调制光束141入射到与其相对应的前端透镜组113时，调制光束141与第一光轴1134之间具有倾斜角度。以使依序经过两个空间光调制器120和与其相对应的前端透镜组113后出射的光束在合光器件130的引导面131上反射时，不会在合光器件130的顶端133位置重叠，使得分别经过两个空间光调制器120的调制光束141在镜头110的孔径光阑位置处完全分开。
进一步地，经过空间光调制器120调制后出射的调制光束141射入的方向相对于与其相对应的前端透镜组113的光轴(第一光轴1134)而言，是朝向背离后端透镜组111的一侧倾斜。入射光束依序经过不同的空间光 调制器120、前端透镜组113及合光器件130的不同引导面131后，出射光束143的朝向也不同。
以第二光轴1118(后端透镜组111的光轴)为参考，不同入射光束对应的出射光束143的朝向是远离第二光轴1118的方向(图7中以两种不同形式的虚线表示)，入射光束的倾斜角度要满足经过不同的空间光调制器120和前端透镜组113后的出射光束143没有重叠。
请继续参照图6所示，合光器件130设置于后端透镜组111中所形成的拼接图像的角分布位置，即镜头110的孔径光阑115位置。其中，镜头110的孔径光阑115位置如图2所示在一平面上，该平面与在后端透镜组111中所形成的拼接图像所在的平面平行。由于合光器件130的引导面(1310、1312)相对于拼接图像的角分布位置是倾斜设置，合光器件130的引导面是无法与拼接图像的角分布位置所在的面重合。如上所述，入射到引导面131上的光束要与合光器件130的顶端133完全错开，故将合光器件130的顶端133设置在镜头110的孔径光阑115位置的附近。
优选的，合光器件130的顶端133设置在镜头110的孔径光阑115的中心处，其中，这里的孔径光阑115的中心是指后端透镜组111的光轴与孔径光阑115的交点。
垂直于拼接图像所在平面的光线会汇聚在孔径光阑115的中心处，即合光器件130的顶端133位置。在图6视角下，如果采用向左倾斜的光线，则会汇聚在孔径光阑115的中心左侧；如果采用向右倾斜的光线，则会汇聚在孔径光阑115的中心右侧。这里向左倾斜和向右倾斜是指光线入射的角度相对于后端透镜组111的光轴是朝向相反的方向。
图6中，两个空间光调制器120包括第一调制器121和第二调制器123，第一调制器121经过第一前端透镜组1130和第一引导面1310产生第一图像1110，第二调制器123经过第二前端透镜组1132和第二引导面1312产生第二图像1112。将合光器件130的顶端133放置于镜头110的孔径光阑115的中心处，对第一调制器121采用角度倾斜的照明光束，以使所形成的第一图像1110的光线都是从孔径光阑115的中心左侧倾斜入射；对第二调制器123采用反方向的角度倾斜的照明光束，以使所形成的第二图像1112 的光线都是从孔径光阑115的中心右侧倾斜入射。在镜头110的孔径光阑115位置处，第一图像1110和第二图像1112所对应的光线完全分开。
采用不同角度的入射光线照明在不同的空间光调制器120上，经过空间光调制器120和前端透镜组113后出射到合光器件130的不同引导面131上，从而在合光器件130处分离，而与多个图像之间的交叠情况无关，不会限制图像拼接的程度。因此，可以在保证入射光线充分分离的前提下，任意的设置多个图像之间的交叠状态。
换句话说，将至少两个空间光调制器120形成的画面经过合光器件130进行拼接时，各个空间光调制器120发出的光束在合光器件130处，相互之间不能有交叠。当光束相互之间存在交叠时，画面会出现由于能量损失而导致的缝隙、暗线等显示失效，从而无法进行有效的合光。另外，由于合光器件130的顶端133位置在实际制造时，会存在一些崩边等问题，进而导致顶端133区域无法使用。
由于从后端透镜组111出射的拼接画面的位置是取决于空间光调制器120的位置。可选的，可以通过位移空间光调制器120以产生offset，来控制每个空间光调制器120形成的画面位置，且使得多个空间光调制器120形成的画面有交叠。也可以通过控制合光器件130中引导面131的角度实现拼接画面位置的调节，由于合光器件130所处的位置为镜头110的孔径光阑115位置，相当于将空间光调制器120和前端透镜组113整体绕引导面131进行了旋转，也就是将镜头110的孔径光阑115处的光线角度进行了偏转。根据孔径光阑115处光线的角度对应于后端镜头110组中成像画面的不同位置，当改变合光器件130中引导面131的角度，也会使得后端透镜组111中画面的位置发生移动。
采用多个空间光调制器120进行画面拼接时，需要根据画面拼接的形式来设置各个空间光调制器120相对于与其对应的引导面131的位置和角度。
例如：请参照图8和图9，四个空间光调制器120通过四棱锥结构的合光器件130进行画面拼接(其中，每个空间光调制器120与其相对应的引导面131之间均设置有一个前端透镜组，图8中前端透镜组和后端透镜组 均未示出)。
当四个空间光调制器120相对于与其对应的引导面131处于图8所示的位置和角度时，四个空间光调制器120最终在后端透镜组111中形成的画面为图9所示的拼接形式。
具体的，四个空间光调制器120分别为第一调制器121、第二调制器123、第三调制器125及第四调制器127，该四个空间光调制器120在镜头110的后端透镜组111中对应形成第一图像1110、第二图像1112、第三图像1114及第四图像1116。任一个空间光调制器120在后端透镜组111中形成的画面，与其相邻的两个空间光调制器120在后端透镜组111中所形成的画面均具有交叠部分。可选的，可以通过数码校正的方法形成一个整体没有接缝的画面。
可以理解的是，上述示例了两个空间光调制器120和四个空间光调制器120进行画面拼接的实施例，本申请的实施例并不局限于空间光调制器120的数量，只要满足空间光调制器120的数量为两个或两个以上即可，具体根据实际使用需求而定。合光器件130的结构不做要求，只要满足合光器件130通过多个引导面131将多个空间光调制器120的光线反射合并到后端透镜组111中投射出去即可。
在本申请中，相对应的空间光调制器120、前端透镜组113及合光器件130的引导面131形成光处理组。在同一光处理组中，依次经过空间光调制器120和前端透镜组113的光束经过引导面131的反射，在后端透镜组111中形成画面。
进一步地，任一光处理组在后端透镜组111中所形成的画面与其相邻的光处理组在后端透镜组111中形成的画面具有交叠。
引导面131为合光器件130的四个侧面，与其相对应的，光处理组为四组。四个前端透镜组113分别位于合光器件130的周向且与四个引导面131一一对应，同时，四个空间光调制器120也一一对应地设置于四个前端透镜组113的前端光路中。
进一步地，合光器件130为塔型反射镜。塔型反射镜包括相对的塔底 和塔顶，从塔底向塔顶呈现收缩聚拢状结构。
具体的，塔型反射镜包括位于塔底的底面和连接塔底和塔顶之间的侧面。底面为多边形，底面的边数与侧面的数量相同，从塔底向塔顶的方向，侧边逐渐收缩靠拢且在塔顶的位置相交，相互靠拢的侧面则为合光器件130的引导面131。
例如，如图4所示，当空间光调制器120的数量为两个时，塔型反射镜为三棱柱结构。三棱柱中包括两个平行的平面和三个依次相交的侧面，其中一个侧面为塔底的底面，另外两个侧面为从塔底向塔顶方向逐渐收缩靠近且相交，该两个侧面为合光器件130的引导面131，且该两个引导面131之间相交所形成的棱为顶端133。
如图5所示，当空间光调制器120的数量为四个时，塔型反射镜为四棱锥结构。四棱锥中包括一个底面和分别与底面的四个边相连接的四个侧面，该四个侧面从塔底方向向塔顶方向逐渐收缩靠拢且在塔顶位置相交于一点，该点为合光器件130的顶端133。引导面131为四棱锥的四个侧面。在该结构的投影显示系统100中，任一个光处理组与其相邻的两个光处理组在后端透镜组111中形成的画面具有交叠。
由于多个空间光调制器120形成的多个光束支路在合光器件130处合并之后汇合为一路光束。也就是说，在后端透镜组111的前端光路中会出现由多个光斑拼接在一起的光束。镜头110的后端透镜组111会同时接受到来自多个光斑的光线，因此，在进行后端透镜组111的设计时，需要保证后端透镜组111的口径足够接受全部光斑的光线，留有足够的余量。
可选的，空间光调制器120可以为但不局限于DMD(Digital Micromirror Device，数字微镜装置)、LCOS(Liquid Crystal on Silicon，液晶附硅)、LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示器)等，下面以DMD、LCOS为例进行说明。
具体的，请参照图10所示，图10为两个DMD进行图像拼接的示意图。其中，合光器件130为塔型反射镜，后端透镜组未示出，在每个前端透镜组113与其相对应的DMD之间设置有配合DMD的TIR棱镜128器件。前端 透镜组113用于将与其相对应的DMD的画面光束进行折射，且折射后的光束在合光器件130处进行合光。
请参照图11所示，图11为两个LCOS进行图像拼接的示意图。其中，合光器件130为塔型反射镜，后端透镜组未示出，在每个前端透镜组113与其相对应的LCOS之间设置有配合LCOS的PBS棱镜129器件。前端透镜组113用于将与其相对应的LCOS的画面光束进行折射，且折射后的光束在合光器件130处进行合光。
可以理解的是，上述示例了两种空间光调制器120(DMD和LCOS)进行画面拼接的实施例，本申请的实施例并不局限于上述两种，具体根据实际使用需求而定。
本申请实施例提供的投影显示系统100，通过采用至少两个空间光调制器120，将合光器件130设置于镜头110的孔径光阑115位置，以使至少两个空间光调制器120在镜头110的孔径光阑115位置进行合光，进而对多个画面进行拼接。
该光学系统可以使每个空间光调制器120的照明角度分离，以避免合光时合光器件130的顶端133对画面产生影响，且不容易出现多个空间光调制器120相互之间的干涉。实现高分辨显示画面，提高显示效果，具有更高的刷新率和色彩位深；共用一套后端透镜组111，避免重复开发，有利于降低成本。
另外，由于镜头110的孔径光阑115的大小可以通过镜头110的参数设计去调整，从而可以得到比空间调制器小的孔径光阑115。也就是说，在不改变空间光调制器120和后端透镜组111中所形成的图像大小的前提下，通过将合光区域变小，从而减小合光器件130和镜头110的结构尺寸，进而减小该光学系统的整体体积。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不驱使 相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种投影显示系统，其特征在于，包括：
    至少两个空间光调制器；
    镜头，所述镜头包括后端透镜组和至少两个前端透镜组，所述至少两个前端透镜组与所述至少两个空间光调制器一一对应，以使所述至少两个空间光调制器将调制后的调制光束出射至所述至少两个前端透镜组，且所述至少两个前端透镜组分别位于所述镜头的孔径光阑位置的两侧；以及
    合光器件，所述合光器件设置于所述镜头的孔径光阑位置，且包括与所述至少两个前端透镜组一一对应的引导面，所述引导面将与其相对应的前端透镜组的出射光束引导至从所述后端透镜组出射；
    所述后端透镜组的前端光路在所述镜头的孔径光阑处由至少两路合为一路，所述至少两个前端透镜组分别设置于所述后端透镜组的至少两路前端光路中，每个所述空间光调制器位于与其相对应的所述前端透镜组的前端光路中，所述合光器件用于将所述至少两个空间光调制器出射的调制光束合光并引导至所述后端透镜组出射。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，所述合光器件包括相对的底端和顶端，所述引导面从所述底端向所述顶端逐渐靠拢且在所述顶端相交，经过所述前端透镜组出射的调制光束在所述引导面反射时，位于边缘的反射光束在所述引导面上的位置与所述合光器件的顶端之间具有间距。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，所述前端透镜组为两个，所述合光器件为三棱柱，所述引导面为与所述前端透镜组一一对应且相邻的两个侧面，所述顶端为两个所述引导面相交所形成的棱。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，所述前端透镜组为四个，所述合光器件为四棱锥，所述引导面为与所述前端透镜组一一对应且依次连接的四个侧面，所述顶端为四个所述引导面相交所形成的顶点。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，所述至少两个空间光调制器出射的调制光束与对应的所述前端透镜组的光轴之间具有倾斜角度，以使依序经过所述至少两个空间光调制器和对应的前端透镜组后出射的光束在所述合光器件的顶端位置没有重叠。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，所述调制光束相对于所述前端透镜组的光轴朝向背离所述后端透镜组的一侧倾斜。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，所述引导面为反射面。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，位于所述镜头的孔径光阑位置两侧的所述前端透镜组的光轴重合。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，相对应的所述空间光调制器、所述前端透镜组及所述引导面形成光处理组；
    在同一所述光处理组中，依次经过所述空间光调制器和所述前端透镜组的光束经过所述引导面的反射，在所述后端透镜组中形成画面；
    任一所述光处理组在所述后端透镜组中所形成的画面与其相邻的所述光处理组在所述后端透镜组中形成的画面具有交叠。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，所述光处理组为四组，四个所述前端透镜组分别位于所述合光器件的周向，四个所述空间光调制器一一对应地设置于四个所述前端透镜组的前端光路中。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，所述引导面为所述合光器件的四个侧面，任一个所述光处理组与其相邻的两个所述光处理组在所述后端透镜组中形成的画面具有交叠。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，所述合光器件为塔型反射镜。
  13. 根据权利要求1-6、8-12任一项所述的投影显示系统，其特征在于，所述空间光调制器为DMD、LCD或LCOS。
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CN103376626A (zh) * 2012-04-12 2013-10-30 中强光电股份有限公司 投影装置
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