WO2022011847A1 - 一种去除水中有机微污染物的方法与装置 - Google Patents

一种去除水中有机微污染物的方法与装置 Download PDF

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WO2022011847A1
WO2022011847A1 PCT/CN2020/119242 CN2020119242W WO2022011847A1 WO 2022011847 A1 WO2022011847 A1 WO 2022011847A1 CN 2020119242 W CN2020119242 W CN 2020119242W WO 2022011847 A1 WO2022011847 A1 WO 2022011847A1
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sludge
pollutants
sewage
organic micro
aeration tank
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English (en)
French (fr)
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叶林
孙浩浩
张徐祥
黄开龙
任洪强
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Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/121—Multistep treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/20—Activated sludge processes using diffusers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/006—Water distributors either inside a treatment tank or directing the water to several treatment tanks; Water treatment plants incorporating these distributors, with or without chemical or biological tanks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1215—Combinations of activated sludge treatment with precipitation, flocculation, coagulation and separation of phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/301—Detergents, surfactants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/303—Complexing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/305—Endocrine disruptive agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/306—Pesticides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/22—O2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/44—Time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/006—Regulation methods for biological treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and more particularly relates to a method and a device for removing organic micro-pollutants in water.
  • organic micropollutants include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, such as various pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, cosmetics, pesticides, etc., which are widely used around the world.
  • Organic micropollutants have received increasing attention in recent years due to their potential threats to the aquatic environment and human health. Studies have shown that organic micropollutants widely exist in aquatic environments around the world, and are detected in surface water and groundwater in many places, with concentrations ranging from ng/L to mg/L. Many organic micropollutants may accumulate in organisms, spread and accumulate through the food chain, and eventually lead to chronic poisoning of animals or human tissues.
  • organic micropollutants are considered as pseudo-persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Although they can be slowly degraded in the natural environment, due to their continuous entry into the environment through various channels, they may cause harm to the environment and real Same risk for POPs.
  • the vast majority of OMPs enter the sewage treatment plant through the sewage discharge system, and enter the natural water body without being completely degraded during the sewage treatment process.
  • the concentration of organic micropollutants in the environment is very low, they can still pollute the water environment and damage the aquatic ecology, thereby affecting human health.
  • Advanced oxidation processes such as ozone oxidation, Fenton oxidation, UV and chlorination have also been proven to remove organic micro-pollutants, but processes such as UV and chlorination are less effective in removing organic micro-pollutants, while other advanced oxidation processes Factors such as economic cost and other factors are also difficult to popularize and use on a large scale.
  • the biological treatment process in the secondary treatment unit has a certain removal effect on some organic micro-pollutants.
  • Nitrogen and phosphorus are the targets, while the concentration of organic micro-pollutants in sewage is low and difficult to biodegrade. Under the condition of removing organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus, the efficient removal of organic micro-pollutants cannot be achieved.
  • the present invention provides a method and device for removing organic micro-pollutants in water.
  • sludge with efficient degradation of micro-pollutants can be enriched, and the enriched sludge can be used to treat sewage containing organic micro-pollutants.
  • the matrix competition of simple carbon sources can be avoided.
  • the enriched sludge has a higher degradation efficiency of refractory organic micropollutants, thereby achieving efficient removal of organic micropollutants in sewage.
  • a method for removing organic micro-pollutants in water comprising the following steps:
  • step S2 adopts the sludge containing microorganisms in starvation state obtained in the step S1, and treats the sewage containing organic micro-pollutants under aeration conditions; regularly renews the sludge containing microorganisms in starvation state.
  • the aeration time in the step S1 is 48-72 hours, and/or the dissolved oxygen in at least 48 hours is maintained at greater than 1 mg/L. Since this process uses the complex organic matter contained in the sludge itself as a carbon source to enrich bacteria, if the aeration time is too short, the process of enriching the sludge will be incomplete, and the micro-pollutant removal effect of the enriched sludge will be poor; Excessive aeration time will lead to the death of a large number of bacteria due to the lack of carbon source, and the removal effect of micro-pollutants will also be poor; therefore, controlling the appropriate starvation aeration time is critical to the enrichment of functional flora.
  • step S1 the control of dissolved oxygen above 1 mg/L in step S1 is conducive to maintaining an aerobic state. If the dissolved oxygen concentration is too low, the sludge will enter an anaerobic state, and the obtained enriched sludge will have poor degradation effect and dissolve. Excessive oxygen concentration will result in wasted energy.
  • the sludge in the step S2 needs to be periodically replaced, and the replacement cycle of the sludge in the step S2 is 5-7 days.
  • the sludge concentration is in the range of 7000-10000 mg/L. If the sludge concentration is too low, the volume requirement of the sludge aeration tank will be larger, resulting in unnecessary waste; if the sludge concentration is too high, the impact will be better.
  • step S2 Sludge fluidization under oxygen conditions cannot maintain an aerobic state, resulting in poor removal of micro-pollutants from enriched sludge; and/or the sludge concentration in step S2 is controlled within the range of 2000-3000 mg/L , when the sludge concentration is too low, the treatment efficiency of step S2 will be reduced; and if the sludge concentration is too high, it is not conducive to subsequent sludge sedimentation, and an excessively low organic load is not conducive to maintaining the long-term stable operation of the reactor.
  • the inoculated starved sludge has an upper limit on the removal capacity of micro-pollutants
  • the hydraulic retention of the sewage containing organic micro-pollutants in the step S2 is performed.
  • the time is 10-15h, while ensuring the removal rate of micro-pollutants and sewage treatment capacity.
  • the organic micropollutants include bisphenol AF and/or gabapentin.
  • the present invention also provides a device for removing organic micro-pollutants in water, comprising:
  • Sludge aeration tank for regularly supplying aerobic starvation sludge, sewage aeration tank and sedimentation tank for treating sewage containing organic micro-pollutants;
  • the excess sludge pipe used to input the excess sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank of the ordinary activated sludge process into the sludge aeration tank;
  • an inlet pipe for inputting sewage containing organic micro-pollutants into the sewage aeration tank for treatment
  • the sewage aeration tank outlet pipe for discharging the mud-water mixture in the sewage aeration tank into the sedimentation tank.
  • sedimentation tank sludge return pipe for returning the sedimented sludge in the sedimentation tank to the sewage aeration tank
  • the sludge in the sewage aeration tank (2) After the sludge in the sewage aeration tank (2) reaches the replacement period, it is used to discharge the sludge settled in the sedimentation tank out of the system;
  • Outlet pipe used to drain the sedimentation tank supernatant out of the system.
  • the excess sludge is aerated in the sludge aeration tank under starvation conditions, it is used as the inoculated sludge of the sewage aeration tank, and the sewage aeration tank is used to treat the sewage containing organic micro-pollutants to remove the organic micro-pollutants in the sewage. . Since the organic load of sewage containing micro-pollutants is generally low, the long-term effectiveness of the sludge in the sewage aeration tank cannot be maintained, so the sludge aeration tank needs to regularly supply starved sludge to replace the sludge in the sewage aeration tank.
  • the volume ratio of the sewage aeration tank and the sludge aeration tank is less than 3.
  • the sludge is treated under aerobic starvation conditions, so that the microorganisms that can only use easily degradable organic matter are gradually eliminated, while the microorganisms that can use the complex organic matter contained in the sludge itself are enriched, and the enriched sludge can degrade a variety of organic micro-pollutions. It can be used to remove organic micro-pollutants in sewage, the process is simple to operate, low cost and has high practical application value;
  • the excess sludge is aerated under starvation conditions, and the aeration time is controlled at 48-72 hours, which can ensure that the obtained starvation state microorganisms have a better treatment effect on organic micro-pollutants;
  • step S2 due to the low organic load, the long-term effectiveness of the aerobic-starved sludge in step S2 cannot be maintained, and the sludge in step S2 needs to be periodically replaced.
  • the sewage treatment capacity will be reduced to a certain extent after 5 to 7 days, so the replacement cycle is set to 5 to 7 days;
  • the device for removing organic micro-pollutants in water of the present invention can effectively realize the treatment of sewage containing organic micro-pollutants through aerobic starvation sludge, and further, by setting a sludge return pipe, the sedimented sludge in the sedimentation tank can be returned to the The sedimentation tank of the sewage aeration tank can ensure the sludge concentration in the sewage aeration tank, which is beneficial to the maintenance of the treatment capacity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device for removing organic micro-pollutants in water according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the degradation kinetic curve of the sludge in the sludge aeration tank to bisphenol AF in Example 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the degradation kinetic curve of gabapentin by the sludge in the sludge aeration tank in Example 1;
  • Fig. 4 is the continuous flow reactor that enriched sludge is used as inoculated sludge in Example 2 to the wastewater removal effect of micro-pollutant polluted bisphenol AF and gabapentin;
  • FIG. 5 shows the variation rule of sludge concentration during aerobic starvation in Example 3.
  • the term "about” is used to provide flexibility and imprecision associated with a given term, measure or value.
  • the degree of flexibility of a particular variable can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
  • a device for removing organic micro-pollutants in sewage is composed of a sludge aeration tank 1, a sewage aeration tank 2 and a sedimentation tank 3 connected by pipelines.
  • the excess sludge pipe 4 connects the secondary sedimentation tank.
  • the excess sludge is input into the sludge aeration tank 1; the sludge containing the starved microorganisms that has been aerated in the aeration sludge tank 1 under starvation conditions is regularly input into the sewage aeration tank 2 through the enriched sludge pipe 5;
  • the water pipe 6 feeds the sewage containing organic micro-pollutants into the sewage aeration tank 2.
  • the sewage Under aeration conditions, the sewage is treated by the starved microorganisms in the sewage aeration tank 2 and stays for a certain time, and then the sewage is placed in the sewage aeration tank 2.
  • the sludge-water mixture is discharged into the sedimentation tank 3 by the outlet pipe 7 of the sewage aeration tank; the sedimented sludge in the sedimentation tank 3 is periodically returned to the sewage aeration tank 2 by the sludge return pipe 8 of the sedimentation tank, and the supernatant is discharged from the outlet pipe 9 .
  • the sludge in the sewage aeration tank 2 After the sludge in the sewage aeration tank 2 reaches the replacement period, the sludge is settled in the sedimentation tank 3 and then discharged out of the system by the sludge discharge pipe 10.
  • the excess sludge is aerated in the sludge aeration tank 1 under starvation conditions, it is used as the inoculated sludge of the sewage aeration tank 2, and the sewage aeration tank 2 is used to treat the sewage containing organic micro-pollutants to remove the pollutants in the sewage.
  • Organic Micropollutants Since the sewage containing organic micro-pollutants generally has a low organic load, the long-term effectiveness of the sludge in the sewage aeration tank 2 cannot be maintained. Therefore, the sludge aeration tank 1 needs to periodically supply starved sludge to the sewage aeration tank 2 Sludge is replaced.
  • the sludge concentration in the sludge aeration tank 1 should be controlled within the range of 7000-10000mg/L; the aeration time in the sludge aeration tank 1 should be controlled within the range of 48-72h, and the sludge aeration tank 1 should be controlled within the range of 48-72 hours.
  • the dissolved oxygen should be controlled above 1mg/L. If the dissolved oxygen concentration is too low, the sludge will enter an anaerobic state, and the resulting enriched sludge will have poor degradation effect. If the dissolved oxygen concentration is too high, energy will be wasted.
  • the sludge concentration in the sewage aeration tank 2 is controlled within the range of 2000-3000 mg/L.
  • the hydraulic retention time of the sewage aeration tank 2 is controlled within the range of 10-15h.
  • the volume ratio of the sewage aeration tank 2 and the sludge aeration tank 1 is less than 3.
  • the residual sludge of the sewage plant (a city sewage treatment plant in Nanjing) is used as the inoculated sludge of the sludge aeration tank 1, and the sludge concentration is about 7500 mg/L, and no nutrients are added to perform aeration treatment.
  • the dissolved oxygen is always maintained above 1.5mg/L, and the sludge at different time points (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days, that is, aeration 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h) during the aeration treatment process is selected for treatment.
  • the sludge concentration in the sewage aeration tank 2 is 2000-3000mg/L
  • bisphenol AF and gabapentin are used as the only carbon sources
  • the concentration is 10mg/L
  • other components also include: 5mg L -1 KH 2 PO 4, 5mg L -1 NH 4 Cl, 22.5mg L -1 MgSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 27.5mg L -1 CaCl 2.
  • Aerobic starvation significantly improves the sludge's ability to degrade certain micro-pollutants, but the sludge aeration time needs to be controlled, because the organic matter in the sludge that can be utilized by microorganisms is limited, and the starvation time process will lead to the death of functional flora. .
  • the aeration time of 48-72 hours is generally suitable. Under these conditions, the residence time of more than 10-15 hours can reduce the concentrations of bisphenol AF and gabapentin to below 1 mg/L, respectively.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种去除水中有机微污染物的方法与装置，属于污水处理技术领域。包括以下步骤：S1剩余污泥在饥饿条件下曝气，以富集饥饿状态微生物；S2采用所述S1步骤得到的含有饥饿状态微生物的污泥，在曝气条件下对含有机微污染物的污水进行处理；定期更新所述含有饥饿状态微生物的污泥。本发明将污泥经好氧饥饿条件处理，使只能利用易降解有机物的微生物被逐步淘汰，而可以利用污泥本身含有的复杂有机物的微生物被富集，富集得到的污泥可降解多种有机微污染物，可以用于去除污水中的有机微污染物，该过程操作简单，成本低廉且具有较高的实际应用价值。

Description

一种去除水中有机微污染物的方法与装置 技术领域
本发明属于污水处理技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种去除水中有机微污染物的方法与装置。
背景技术
有机微污染物主要来源包括药物和个人护理产品，如各类药品、抗生素、化妆品、杀虫剂等，这些产品已在世界各地大量使用。由于有机微污染物对水生环境和人类健康的潜在威胁，近年来受到越来越多的关注。研究表明，有机微污染物广泛存在于世界各地的水生环境中，在很多地方的地表水和地下水中均有检出，浓度范围一般为ng/L到mg/L级别。很多有机微污染物可能会在生物体内累积，并通过食物链传播、富集，最终导致动物或人体组织慢性中毒。
大多数有机微污染物被认为是环境中的伪持久性有机污染物，虽然在自然环境中能够被缓慢降解，但是由于其通过各种渠道持续不断地进入环境，可能会对环境造成与真正的持久性有机污染物同样的风险。目前绝大部分的OMPs都是通过污水排放系统进入污水处理厂，在污水处理过程中未被完全降解而进入自然水体。虽然有机微污染物在环境中的浓度很低，但仍会污染水环境和破坏水生生态，从而影响人类健康。为了消除有机微污染物的潜在风险，在污水排入自然水体之前，除了去除COD、氮、磷等常规污染物之外，也有必要去除废水中的有机微污染物。
近年来，人们对各种现有废水处理工艺(如：常规生物处理工艺、膜生物反应器工艺、活性炭工艺、紫外线处理、氯化和臭氧氧化等)的去除有机微污染物能力进行了研究。由于有机微污染物具有浓度低和难生物降解的特点，所以城市污水处理厂应用最广泛的常规生物处理(活性污泥)系统(如A/A/O工艺、氧化沟工艺等)对有机微污染物的去除效果较差。有研究表明，活性炭、石墨烯和碳纳米管等材料对有机微污染物有很好的吸附去除效果，由于其高昂的成本很难大规模应用。臭氧氧化、芬顿氧化、紫外和氯化等高级氧化工艺也被证明能够去除有机微污染物，但是紫外和氯化等工艺对有机微污染物的去除效果较差，而其它高级氧化工艺由于技术和经济成本等因素也很难大规模推广使用。
由于污水中普通有机物的存在，很难通过对现有污水处理系统的二级生物处理工艺的调控促进有机微污染物的去除。污水经过二级生物处理以后，普通有机物基本消耗殆尽，而微污染物仍然残留在其中，由于有机微污染物大多难生物降解，很多微生物不具备降解能力，因此需要开发新的工艺技术实现有机微污染物的高效去除。
发明内容
1.要解决的问题
在现有污水处理系统中，二级处理单元中的生物处理过程对部分有机微污染物具有一定去除效果，但由于大部分污水处理系统二级处理单元的设计和运行都是以去除普通有机物和氮磷为目标，而污水有机微污染物的浓度较低且难生物降解，在去除有机物和氮磷的条件下，无法实现有机微污染物的高效去除。针对这一问题，本发明提供了一种去除水中有机微污染物的方法与装置。本发明的方案中通过对好氧微生物进行适当的饥饿处理，可以富集具有微污染物高效降解功能的污泥，利用富集得到的污泥对含有机微污染物的污水进行处理，一方面可以避免简单碳源的基质竞争，另一方面富集污泥对难降解有机微污染物的降解效率更高，从而实现污水中有机微污染物的高效去除。
2.技术方案
为了解决上述问题，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种去除水中有机微污染物的方法，包括以下步骤：
S1剩余污泥在饥饿条件下曝气，以富集饥饿状态微生物；
S2采用所述S1步骤得到的含有饥饿状态微生物的污泥，在曝气条件下对含有机微污染物的污水进行处理；定期更新所述含有饥饿状态微生物的污泥。
优选地，所述步骤S1中曝气时间为48～72h，和/或至少保持48h中溶解氧大于1mg/L。由于本工艺是利用污泥本身含有的复杂有机物作为碳源进行细菌的富集，曝气时间过短会导致富集污泥过程不彻底，富集污泥的微污染物去除效果较差；曝气时间过长会导致大量细菌由于缺少碳源而死亡，对微污染物去除效果也会变差；所以，控制合适的饥饿曝气时间对功能菌群的富集较为关键。除此之外，步骤S1中溶解氧控制在1mg/L以上有利于保持好氧状态，如果溶解氧浓度过低会导致污泥进入厌氧状态，得到的富集污泥降解效果较差，溶解氧浓度过高会造成能源的浪费。
优选地，由于低有机负荷不能维持步骤S2中污泥的长期有效性，需要对步骤S2的污泥进行周期性更换，所述步骤S2中污泥的更换周期为5～7天。
优选地，所述步骤S1中污泥浓度在7000～10000mg/L范围内，污泥浓度太低对污泥曝气池的体积要求更大，造成不必要的浪费；污泥浓度太高影响好氧条件下的污泥流化，无法维持好氧状态，进而导致富集污泥的微污染物去除效果较差；和/或所述步骤S2中污泥浓度控制在2000～3000mg/L范围内，污泥浓度过低时步骤S2的处理效率会降低；而污泥浓度过高不利于后续污泥沉降，且过低的有机负荷不利于维持反应器的长期稳定运行。
优选地，由于接种的饥饿污泥微污染物去除能力有上限，为了协调微污染物的去除率和 工艺的污水处理能力，所述步骤S2中对含有机微污染物的污水进行处理的水力停留时间为10～15h，同时保证微污染物的去除率和污水处理能力。
优选地，所述有机微污染物包括双酚AF和/或加巴喷丁。
本发明还提供一种去除水中有机微污染物的装置，包括：
依次连接的用于定期提供好氧饥饿污泥的污泥曝气池、用于处理含有机微污染物污水的污水曝气池和沉淀池；
用于将普通活性污泥工艺二沉池剩余污泥输入所述污泥曝气池的剩余污泥管；
用于将经过所述污泥曝气池好氧饥饿处理过的污泥定期输入所述污水曝气池的富集污泥管；
用于将含有机微污染物污水输入所述污水曝气池进行处理的进水管；
用于将所述污水曝气池中的泥水混合物排入所述沉淀池的污水曝气池出水管。
进一步地，还包括用于将所述沉淀池中的沉淀污泥回流至所述污水曝气池的沉淀池污泥回流管；
在污水曝气池(2)中污泥达到更换周期后，用于将经沉淀池沉淀后的污泥排出系统外的排泥管；
用于将沉淀池上清液排出系统的出水管。
剩余污泥经过污泥曝气池在饥饿条件下曝气处理后作为污水曝气池的接种污泥，利用污水曝气池对含有机微污染物污水进行处理，去除污水中的有机微污染物。由于含微污染物污水一般有机负荷较低，不能维持污水曝气池中污泥的长期有效性，所以污泥曝气池需要定期提供饥饿污泥对污水曝气池中的污泥进行替换。
优选地，为了满足污水曝气池对污泥浓度的要求(2000～3000mg/L)，所述污水曝气池和所述污泥曝气池的体积比小于3。
3.有益效果
相比于现有技术，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)传统方法一般采用目标污染物对污泥进行富集，得到具备降解该目标污染物能力的功能菌群；然而，在这一过程中目标污染物的添加会造成成本的升高和额外的污染，并且驯化得到的污泥往往只能降解该目标污染物，实际应用价值不高；污泥主要成分是有机物，主要包括微生物及其分泌物等复杂的难生物降解有机物，本发明将污泥经好氧饥饿条件处理，使只能利用易降解有机物的微生物被逐步淘汰，而可以利用污泥本身含有的复杂有机物的微生物被富集，富集得到的污泥可降解多种有机微污染物，可以用于去除污水中的有机微污染物，该过程操作简单，成本低廉且具有较高的实际应用价值；
(2)本发明在污泥曝气池的饥饿曝气过程中，由于污泥本身含有的有机物被微生物消耗，污泥浓度快速下降，在一定程度上实现了污泥减量，从而降低污水处理厂剩余污泥的处置费用；
(3)本发明中将剩余污泥在饥饿条件下曝气，其曝气时间控制在48～72h，能够保证得到的饥饿状态微生物对有机微污染物的处理效果达到较优状态；
(4)本发明中由于低有机负荷不能维持步骤S2中好氧饥饿污泥的长期有效性，需要对步骤S2的污泥进行周期性更换，基于好氧饥饿污泥在处理含有机微污染物污水5～7天后处理能力会发生一定程度的降低，因此将更换周期设置为5～7天；
(5)本发明的去除水中有机微污染物的装置，能够有效实现通过好氧饥饿污泥处理含有机微污染物污水，进一步通过设置污泥回流管使沉淀池中的沉淀污泥回流至所述污水曝气池的沉淀池，保证污水曝气池中的污泥浓度，有利于处理能力的保持。
附图说明
图1为本发明的去除水中有机微污染物的装置示意图；
图中：1、污泥曝气池；2、污水曝气池；3、沉淀池；4、剩余污泥管；5、富集污泥管；6、进水管；7、污水曝气池出水管；8、沉淀池污泥回流管；9、出水管；10、排泥管；
图2为实施例1中污泥曝气池中的污泥对双酚AF的降解动力学曲线；
图3为实施例1中污泥曝气池中的污泥对加巴喷丁的降解动力学曲线；
图4为实施例2中富集污泥作为接种污泥的连续流反应器对含微污染物污双酚AF和加巴喷丁的废水去除效果；
图5为实施例3中好氧饥饿过程中污泥浓度变化规律。
具体实施方式
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
如本文所使用，术语“约”用于提供与给定术语、度量或值相关联的灵活性和不精确性。本领域技术人员可以容易地确定具体变量的灵活性程度。
浓度、量和其他数值数据可以在本文中以范围格式呈现。应当理解，这样的范围格式仅是为了方便和简洁而使用，并且应当灵活地解释为不仅包括明确叙述为范围极限的数值，而且还包括涵盖在所述范围内的所有单独的数值或子范围，就如同每个数值和子范围都被明确 叙述一样。例如，约48至约72的数值范围应当被解释为不仅包括明确叙述的48至约72的极限值，而且还包括单独的数字(诸如50、55、70)和子范围(诸如50至70等)。相同的原理适用于仅叙述一个数值的范围，诸如“小于约72”，应当将其解释为包括所有上述的值和范围。此外，无论所描述的范围或特征的广度如何，都应当适用这种解释。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。
如图1所示，一种去除污水中有机微污染物的装置，由污泥曝气池1、污水曝气池2和沉淀池3通过管路连接组成，剩余污泥管4将二沉池剩余污泥输入污泥曝气池1；经过曝气污泥池1在饥饿条件下曝气处理过的含有饥饿状态微生物的污泥定期由富集污泥管5输入污水曝气池2；进水管6将含有机微污染物的污水输入污水曝气池2，在曝气条件下该污水经污水曝气池2中的饥饿状态微生物的处理并停留特定时间后，将污水曝气池2中的泥水混合物由污水曝气池出水管7排入沉淀池3；沉淀池3中的沉淀污泥定期由沉淀池污泥回流管8回流至污水曝气池2，上清液由出水管9排出。污水曝气池2中污泥达到更换周期后，污泥经过沉淀池3沉淀后由排泥管10排出系统外，排泥周期与定期从1中输入污泥的周期相同。
剩余污泥经过污泥曝气池1在饥饿条件下曝气处理后作为污水曝气池2的接种污泥，利用污水曝气池2对含有机微污染物的污水进行处理，去除污水中的有机微污染物。由于含有机微污染物的污水一般有机负荷较低，不能维持污水曝气池2中污泥的长期有效性，所以污泥曝气池1需要定期提供饥饿污泥对污水曝气池2中的污泥进行替换。
其中，污泥曝气池1中的污泥浓度控制在7000～10000mg/L范围内；污泥曝气池1中的曝气时间要控制在48～72h范围内，污泥曝气池1中的溶解氧要控制在1mg/L以上。溶解氧浓度过低会导致污泥进入厌氧状态，得到的富集污泥降解效果较差，溶解氧浓度过高会造成能源的浪费。污水曝气池2中的污泥浓度控制在2000～3000mg/L范围内。
由于低有机负荷不能维持污水曝气池2中污泥的长期有效性，需要对污水曝气池2中污泥进行周期性更换，污泥的更换周期为5～7天。为了达到较好的微污染物去除效果，污水曝气池2的水力停留时间控制在10～15h范围内。为了满足污水曝气池2对污泥浓度要求，污水曝气池2和污泥曝气池1的体积比小于3。
实施例1
本实施例中采用污水厂剩余污泥(南京某城市污水处理厂)作为污泥曝气池1的接种污泥，污泥浓度约为7500mg/L，不添加任何营养物质，进行曝气处理，溶解氧始终维持在1.5mg/L以上，选取曝气处理过程中不同时间点(第0、1、2、3、4天，即曝气0h，24h，48h，72h和96h)的污泥进行有机微污染物降解动力学实验，使污水曝气池2中污泥浓度为2000～3000mg/L，分别以双酚AF和加巴喷丁作为唯一碳源，浓度为10mg/L，其它成分还包 括：5mg L -1KH 2PO 4，5mg L -1NH 4Cl，22.5mg L -1MgSO 4·7H 2O，27.5mg L -1CaCl 2。
实验结果如图2(双酚AF，10mg/L)和图3(加巴喷丁，10mg/L)所示，在污泥曝气池1中曝气处理第2天(Day2，48h)的污泥对双酚AF和加巴喷丁的降解能力最强，曝气处理第3天(Day3，72h)的污泥对双酚AF和加巴喷丁的降解能力次之。原因可能是在饥饿条件下，以污泥中难降解复杂有机物作为碳源进行菌群的富集，得到的污泥对双酚AF和加巴喷丁具有较强的有机微污染物降解能力。好氧饥饿显著提高了污泥对某些微污染物的降解能力，但是需要对污泥曝气时间进行控制，因为污泥中能够被微生物利用的有机物有限，饥饿时间过程会导致功能菌群的死亡。实验证明，一般48～72小时左右的曝气时间较为合适，在该条件下停留时间在10～15h以上能够使双酚AF和加巴喷丁的浓度分别降低至1mg/L以下。
实施例2
选取污泥曝气池1中曝气处理2天的污泥作为污水曝气池2的接种污泥(污泥浓度约为2500mg/L)对含有机微污染物的污水进行连续处理，探究曝气富集污泥对有机微污染物的去除效果。实验结果如图4所示，曝气富集污泥对污水中有机微污染物有着较好的去除效果，但是效果只能维持在7天左右，可根据实际工况中对有机微污染物的浓度要求，对污水曝气池2中的污泥进行定期更换，建议的更换周期为5～7天。
实施例3
将实施例1中所述的污水厂剩余污泥在饥饿条件下曝气处理，溶解氧浓度保持在1mg/L以上，60天内得到的污泥量数据如图5所示，结果表明饥饿曝气处理导致污泥浓度逐渐降低，第25天后污泥浓度维持在4000mg/L左右。所以饥饿曝气在一定程度上可以实现污泥的减量化，从而降低剩余污泥的处理费用。污泥量的减少表明污泥中的复杂有机物可以被微生物利用，从而实现微生物的驯化富集，这也可能是饥饿曝气过程可以提高污泥的有机微污染物降解能力的原因。
以上内容是对本发明及其实施方式进行了示意性的描述，该描述没有限制性，附图中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一，实际的结构/实施方式并不局限于此。所以，如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示，在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下，不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例，均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种去除水中有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1剩余污泥在饥饿条件下曝气，以富集饥饿状态微生物；
    S2采用所述S1步骤得到的含有饥饿状态微生物的污泥，在曝气条件下对含有机微污染物的污水进行处理；定期更新所述含有饥饿状态微生物的污泥。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的去除水中有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中曝气时间为48～72h。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的去除水中有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于：至少保持48h中溶解氧大于1mg/L。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的去除水中有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中污泥的更换周期为5～7天。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的去除水中有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中污泥浓度在7000～10000mg/L范围内；和/或所述步骤S2中污泥浓度控制在2000～3000mg/L范围内。
  6. 根据权利要求2～5中任意一项所述的去除水中有机微污染物的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中对含有机微污染物的污水进行处理的水力停留时间为10～15h。
  7. 一种去除水中有机微污染物的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    依次连接的用于定期提供好氧饥饿污泥的污泥曝气池(1)、用于处理含有机微污染物污水的污水曝气池(2)和沉淀池(3)；
    用于将普通活性污泥工艺二沉池剩余污泥输入所述污泥曝气池(1)的剩余污泥管(4)；
    用于将经过所述污泥曝气池(1)好氧饥饿处理过的污泥定期输入所述污水曝气池(2)的富集污泥管(5)；
    用于将含有机微污染物污水输入所述污水曝气池(2)进行处理的进水管(6)；
    用于将所述污水曝气池(2)中的泥水混合物排入所述沉淀池(3)的污水曝气池出水管(7)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的去除水中有机微污染物的装置，其特征在于，还包括用于将所述沉淀池(3)中的沉淀污泥回流至所述污水曝气池(2)的沉淀池污泥回流管(8)；用于将经沉淀池(3)沉淀后的污泥排出系统外的排泥管(10)；用于将沉淀池(3)上清液排出系统的出水管(9)。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的去除水中有机微污染物的装置，其特征在于，所述污水曝气池(2)和所述污泥曝气池(1)的体积比小于3。
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