WO2022007350A1 - 一种全局路径规划方法、装置、终端及可读存储介质 - Google Patents

一种全局路径规划方法、装置、终端及可读存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022007350A1
WO2022007350A1 PCT/CN2020/139862 CN2020139862W WO2022007350A1 WO 2022007350 A1 WO2022007350 A1 WO 2022007350A1 CN 2020139862 W CN2020139862 W CN 2020139862W WO 2022007350 A1 WO2022007350 A1 WO 2022007350A1
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Prior art keywords
global path
target
grid
environment
path
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PCT/CN2020/139862
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邝英兰
谭泽汉
陈彦宇
马雅奇
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格力电器(武汉)有限公司
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
珠海联云科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022007350A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022007350A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • G05D1/0238Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using obstacle or wall sensors
    • G05D1/024Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using obstacle or wall sensors in combination with a laser
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/26Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
    • G01C21/34Route searching; Route guidance
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/26Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
    • G01C21/34Route searching; Route guidance
    • G01C21/3446Details of route searching algorithms, e.g. Dijkstra, A*, arc-flags, using precalculated routes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0212Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
    • G05D1/0214Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory in accordance with safety or protection criteria, e.g. avoiding hazardous areas
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0212Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
    • G05D1/0221Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory involving a learning process
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • G05D1/0242Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using non-visible light signals, e.g. IR or UV signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0257Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using a radar
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0259Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0276Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of robotics, and in particular, to a global path planning method, device, terminal, and readable storage medium.
  • Global path planning means that the robot finds an optimal collision-free path from the starting point to the target point according to one or more performance indicators in an environment with obstacles.
  • the A* algorithm is one of the commonly used global path planning algorithms.
  • the A* algorithm adopts a heuristic search method, which greatly reduces the number of search nodes, thereby greatly improving the search efficiency, and is widely used in mobile robots.
  • the path planned by the algorithm is easy to be close to the obstacle, which causes the robot to easily collide with the obstacle.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a global path planning method, device, terminal, and readable storage medium, so as to solve the problem that the robot easily collides with obstacles.
  • the specific technical solutions are as follows:
  • a global path planning method comprising:
  • the environmental information includes obstacle information in the environment and the starting position of the robot;
  • the obstacle information determine the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid in the grid map corresponding to the environment
  • a final global path is determined based on the target global path, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path.
  • the determining, according to the obstacle information, the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid in the grid map corresponding to the environment includes:
  • the obstacle information determine the number of free grids in the safe area, and calculate the ratio of the number of free grids to the total grid data contained in the safe area;
  • the environmental complexity corresponding to the target grid is determined based on the scale.
  • the determining the safety range corresponding to each of the target grids includes:
  • the safety range corresponding to the target grid is determined.
  • the determining the environmental complexity corresponding to the target grid based on the scale includes:
  • the product of the obstacle ratio and the preset environment complexity constraint coefficient is used as the environment complexity corresponding to the target grid.
  • the method further includes:
  • the described global path planning is performed according to the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, the target end point, the starting position and the environment complexity, and the target global path is obtained, including:
  • the obtaining the target endpoint includes:
  • the target end point with the least substitution value is selected as the final target end point.
  • the determining a final global path based on the target global path, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path includes:
  • the turning points included in the transition global path are processed to obtain the final global path.
  • the turning points included in the transition global path are processed to obtain the final global path, including:
  • the current waypoint T(n) is translated by a preset distance in the direction away from the obstacle, so that there is no obstacle in the area, and the translated waypoint is added to the global path;
  • the method further includes:
  • the rotation angle from each path point to the next path point is calculated, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path and the rotation angle of each path point.
  • a global path planning apparatus comprising:
  • an acquisition module configured to acquire environmental information of the environment where the robot is located and a target end point, where the environmental information includes obstacle information in the environment and the starting position of the robot;
  • a first determining module configured to determine, according to the obstacle information, the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid in the grid map corresponding to the environment;
  • a computing module configured to perform global path planning according to a pre-stored global path planning algorithm, the target end point, the starting position and the environment complexity, to obtain a target global path;
  • a second determining module is configured to determine a final global path based on the target global path, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path.
  • the first determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the obstacle information determine the number of free grids in the safe area, and calculate the ratio of the number of free grids to the total grid data contained in the safe area;
  • the environmental complexity corresponding to the target grid is determined based on the scale.
  • the first determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the product of the obstacle ratio and the preset environment complexity constraint coefficient is used as the environment complexity corresponding to the target grid.
  • the first determining module is further configured to calculate the constraint angle corresponding to the target grid
  • the computing module is further configured to use the environment complexity and the constraint angle as constraints, and perform global path planning according to the global path planning algorithm, the target end point and the starting position, to obtain a target global path. path.
  • the second determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the turning points included in the transition global path are processed to obtain the final global path.
  • the second determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the current waypoint T(n) is translated by a preset distance in a direction away from the obstacle, so that there is no obstacle in the area, and the translated waypoint is added to the global path.
  • the second determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the rotation angle from each path point to the next path point is calculated, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path and the rotation angle of each path point.
  • an electronic device including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus;
  • memory arranged to store the computer program
  • the processor when configured to execute the program stored in the memory, implements the method steps described in the first aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method steps described in the first aspect are implemented.
  • a computer program product comprising instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of the first aspect above.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a global path planning method, device, terminal, and readable storage medium.
  • the present disclosure obtains environmental information and target destination of the environment where the robot is located, where the environmental information includes obstacle information in the environment and the The starting position of the robot; according to the obstacle information, determine the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid in the grid map corresponding to the environment; according to the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, target end point, starting position and environmental complexity
  • the path planning is used to obtain the target global path; the final global path is determined based on the target global path, so that the robot can run to the target end point according to the final global path.
  • the present disclosure comprehensively considers the environment complexity to constrain the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, so as to plan a path that is as far away from obstacles as possible, so that the robot can effectively avoid collision with obstacles.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a global path planning method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an example of a global path planning method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a global path planning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is the simulation schematic diagram of using the traditional A* algorithm to plan the route
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of planning a path using the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a global path planning method, which can be applied to a robot.
  • Step 101 Obtain environmental information of the environment where the robot is located and a target end point.
  • the environment information includes obstacle information in the environment and the starting position of the robot.
  • the robot can obtain environmental information of the environment in which it is located through its own sensor, and can obtain the target destination through the control module or the receiving module.
  • the environmental information includes obstacle information in the environment and the starting position of the robot.
  • the sensor may be a lidar sensor.
  • the obstacle information includes at least the position and contour information of known static obstacles in the environment.
  • Step 102 Determine the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid in the grid map corresponding to the environment according to the obstacle information.
  • a grid map is created according to the environmental information obtained by the robot, the side length of the unit grid is set as resolution, and the state corresponding to each unit grid in the grid map can be determined according to the obstacle information obtained by the robot. If there are obstacles in the grid, the corresponding state is "occupied", and the corresponding state of no obstacles in the cell grid is "idle". If it is impossible to determine whether there are obstacles in the grid according to the obtained obstacle information, the corresponding state is "idle”. unknown”. Then, the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid in the grid map can be determined according to the target grid and the corresponding state of each unit grid in the grid map.
  • the target grid is a grid that needs to be calculated and processed in the grid map according to the rules in the global path planning algorithm, and the determination process of the target grid will be described in detail later.
  • the specific processing procedures of the above steps are: determining at least one target grid in the grid map corresponding to the environment according to the starting position; for each target grid, determining the safety range corresponding to the target grid; According to the object information, the number of free grids in the safe range is determined, and the ratio of the number of free grids to the total grid data contained in the safe range is calculated; based on the ratio, the environmental complexity corresponding to the target grid is determined.
  • the current grid to which the starting position belongs may be determined according to the starting position, and then each grid adjacent to the current grid may be determined. After the next path point at the starting position is determined in the grid, the grid where the path point is located is the current grid, and each grid adjacent to the grid where the path point is located is determined. The target grid for this waypoint. This cycle is repeated until the path point is the target end point, and the calculation is stopped.
  • the safety range corresponding to the target grid is determined. According to the obstacle information, the number of grids whose status is "idle” can be determined within the safety scope corresponding to each target grid, and the number of grids whose status is "idle” can be calculated. The ratio pa of the number of grids to the total grid data contained in the safe range, based on which the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid can be determined.
  • the specific process of determining the safety range corresponding to each target grid is: determining the safety distance according to the body size of the robot; and determining the safety range corresponding to the target grid according to the safety distance and the position of the target grid.
  • the safety distance ds may be determined according to the size of the robot body and the expansion radius of the grid map, and the safety range corresponding to the target grid may take the target grid as the center point and ds*2/resolution as the edge long square area.
  • the size of the robot body for a circular robot, can be the radius of the robot body; for a U-shaped robot or a polygonal robot, it can be the radius of the circumcircle of the robot body, and the expansion radius of the grid map refers to the direction of the obstacle in the map.
  • the radius of the expanded expansion zone is the protection distance set by the grid map to prevent the robot from getting too close to the obstacle.
  • the expansion radius is generally less than 0.1m.
  • the set safety distance is generally slightly larger than the sum of the robot body size and the expansion radius of the grid map.
  • the radius of the robot body is 0.17m
  • the expansion radius of the grid map is 0.08m
  • the safety distance is set to 0.3m. If the resolution is 0.2m, the safety range corresponding to the target grid is a square area with the target grid as the center point and 0.3m as the side length.
  • the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid is determined based on the ratio, and the specific process is: calculating the obstacle ratio within the safe range corresponding to the target grid based on the ratio; comparing the obstacle ratio with the preset environmental complexity The product of degree constraint coefficients is used as the environmental complexity corresponding to the target grid.
  • Step 103 Perform global path planning according to the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, target end point, starting position, and environment complexity to obtain the target global path.
  • a global path planning algorithm is stored in the robot in advance:
  • planning the target global path further includes: calculating a constraint angle corresponding to the target grid; performing global path planning according to a pre-stored global path planning algorithm, target end point, starting position and environment complexity to obtain the target global path
  • the path is specifically: taking the environment complexity and the constraint angle as the constraint conditions, and performing the global path planning according to the global path planning algorithm, the target end point and the starting position, and obtaining the target global path.
  • planning the target global path further includes: calculating the constraint angle corresponding to the target grid, specifically, taking the target grid as the current grid, and obtaining the current grid n of the robot, then the current grid orientation of the robot The angle is ⁇ n, and the orientation angle of the previous grid robot is ⁇ n-1.
  • the constraint angle corresponding to the target grid is calculated; the environmental complexity and constraint angle are used as constraints, and the global path planning is performed according to the global path planning algorithm, the target end point, and the starting position to obtain the target global path.
  • a(n) 0.
  • the constraint angle can constrain the direction declination angle of adjacent path points, suppress the generation of vertices when planning the path, and facilitate the control of the robot.
  • the specific process of obtaining the target end point is: obtaining multiple target end points set by the user; calculating the cost value from the starting position of the robot to each target end point; selecting the target end point with the smallest substitution value as the final target end point.
  • the cost value from the starting position of the robot to each target end point is calculated through a pre-stored cost function, and the target end point with the smallest substitution value is selected as the final target end point.
  • the cost function can be an improved A* algorithm cost function.
  • Step 104 Determine a final global path based on the target global path, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path.
  • the target global path may be used as the final global path, or the path points may be processed based on the target global path to determine the final global path, so that the robot can run to the target end point according to the final global path.
  • the method further includes: removing redundant straight line points from the path points included in the target global path to obtain a transition global path; according to the turning point deletion rule, performing the following steps on the turning points included in the transition global path. Process to get the final global path.
  • straight line redundant points can be eliminated from the path points included in the target global path to obtain a transition global path; the turning points included in the transition global path are processed according to the turning point deletion rule. , to get the final global path.
  • Hough transform can be used to detect all straight lines in the global path, and obtain the starting point, ending point and straight line equation of each straight line. If the ending point of one straight line is the starting point of another straight line, only one point is reserved.
  • the turning points included in the transition global path are processed to obtain the final global path.
  • the calculation method of the safety distance d is the same as the above ds.
  • straight line redundant points are eliminated from the path points included in the target global path to obtain a transition global path; according to the turning point deletion rule, the turning points included in the transition global path are processed to obtain the final global path.
  • the overall computing efficiency is improved, the problem that too many redundant points are not conducive to the control of the robot is solved, and the robot can reach the target point more efficiently.
  • turning points are eliminated or added to further improve the overall computing efficiency, and the planned global path can make the robot run more effectively to avoid obstacles.
  • the method further includes: calculating the rotation angle from each path point to the next path point based on the final global path, so that the robot follows the final global path and the rotation angle of each path point, Run to the target end point.
  • the rotation angle ⁇ from each path point to the next path point can also be calculated, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path and the rotation angle ⁇ of each path point .
  • the calculation formula of the rotation angle ⁇ is as follows:
  • the rotation angle from each path point to the next path point is calculated based on the final global path, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path and the rotation angle of each path point.
  • the environment information of the environment where the robot is located and the target end point can be obtained, and the environment information includes the obstacle information in the environment and the starting position of the robot; according to the obstacle information, determine the grid map corresponding to the environment.
  • the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid perform global path planning according to the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, target end point, starting position and environmental complexity to obtain the target global path; determine the final global path based on the target global path, so that the The robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path.
  • FIG 5 is a schematic diagram of the simulation of the path planned by the traditional A* algorithm. As shown in the figure, the path points are very close to obstacles, and there are relatively many turning points;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the simulation of the path planned by the improved A* algorithm, as shown in the figure As shown, the waypoints are far from the obstacle and the turning points are relatively few. Therefore, by using the method, a path that is as far away from the obstacle as possible can be planned, so that the robot can effectively avoid collision with the obstacle, and the turning points can be reduced, which is convenient for the control of the robot.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a processing flow of global path planning, as shown in FIG. 2 , and the specific steps are as follows.
  • Step 201 Obtain environmental information and target destination of the environment where the robot is located.
  • Step 202 Determine the safety distance according to the size of the robot body.
  • Step 203 Determine the safety range corresponding to the target grid according to the safety distance and the target grid.
  • Step 204 Determine the number of free grids in each safe area according to the obstacle information, and calculate the ratio of the number of free grids to the total grid data contained in the safe area.
  • Step 205 Calculate the proportion of obstacles within the safe range corresponding to the target grid based on the proportion.
  • Step 206 Calculate the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid based on the obstacle ratio.
  • Step 207 Calculate the constraint angle corresponding to the target grid.
  • Step 208 taking the environment complexity and the constraint angle as constraints, and performing global path planning according to the global path planning algorithm, the target end point, and the starting position, to obtain the target global path.
  • Step 209 Eliminate straight line redundant points from the path points included in the target global path to obtain a transition global path.
  • Step 210 Process the turning points included in the transition global path according to the turning point deletion rule to obtain the final global path.
  • Step 211 based on the final global path, calculate the rotation angle from each path point to the next path point, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path and the rotation angle of each path point.
  • the environment information of the environment where the robot is located and the target end point can be obtained, and the environment information includes the obstacle information in the environment and the starting position of the robot; according to the obstacle information, determine the grid map corresponding to the environment.
  • the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid perform global path planning according to the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, target end point, starting position and environmental complexity to obtain the target global path; determine the final global path based on the target global path, so that the The robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path.
  • the present disclosure comprehensively considers the environment complexity to constrain the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, so as to plan a path that is as far away from obstacles as possible, so that the robot can effectively avoid collision with obstacles.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a global path planning apparatus, as shown in FIG. 3 , the apparatus includes:
  • the obtaining module 301 is configured to obtain the environment information and target end point of the environment where the robot is located, and the environment information includes obstacle information in the environment and the starting position of the robot;
  • the first determining module 302 is configured to determine, according to the obstacle information, the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid in the grid map corresponding to the environment;
  • the computing module 303 is configured to perform global path planning according to the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, the target end point, the starting position and the environment complexity, to obtain the target global path;
  • the second determining module 304 is configured to determine a final global path based on the target global path, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path.
  • the first determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the obstacle information determine the number of free grids in the safe area, and calculate the ratio of the number of free grids to the total grid data contained in the safe area;
  • the environmental complexity corresponding to the target grid is determined based on the scale.
  • the first determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the product of the obstacle ratio and the preset environment complexity constraint coefficient is used as the environment complexity corresponding to the target grid.
  • the first determining module is further configured to calculate the constraint angle corresponding to the target grid
  • the computing module is further configured to use the environment complexity and the constraint angle as constraints, and perform global path planning according to the global path planning algorithm, the target end point and the starting position, to obtain a target global path. path.
  • the second determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the turning points included in the transition global path are processed to obtain the final global path.
  • the second determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the current path point T(n) is translated by a preset distance in a direction away from the obstacle, so that there is no obstacle in the area, and the translated point is added to the global path.
  • the second determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the rotation angle from each path point to the next path point is calculated, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path and the rotation angle of each path point.
  • the environment information of the environment where the robot is located and the target end point can be obtained, and the environment information includes the obstacle information in the environment and the starting position of the robot; according to the obstacle information, determine the grid map corresponding to the environment.
  • the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid perform global path planning according to the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, target end point, starting position and environmental complexity to obtain the target global path; determine the final global path based on the target global path, so that the The robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path.
  • the present disclosure comprehensively considers the environment complexity to constrain the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, so as to plan a path that is as far away from obstacles as possible, so that the robot can effectively avoid collision with obstacles.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, as shown in FIG. 4 , including a processor 401, a communication interface 402, a memory 403 and a communication bus 404, wherein the processor 401, the communication interface 402, The memory 403 completes the communication with each other through the communication bus 404,
  • memory 403, configured to store computer programs
  • the environmental information includes obstacle information in the environment and the starting position of the robot;
  • the obstacle information determine the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid in the grid map corresponding to the environment
  • a final global path is determined based on the target global path, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path.
  • the determining, according to the obstacle information, the environmental complexity corresponding to each target grid in the grid map corresponding to the environment includes:
  • the obstacle information determine the number of free grids in the safe area, and calculate the ratio of the number of free grids to the total grid data contained in the safe area;
  • the environmental complexity corresponding to the target grid is determined based on the scale.
  • the determining the safety range corresponding to each of the target grids includes:
  • the safety range corresponding to the target grid is determined.
  • the determining the environmental complexity corresponding to the target grid based on the scale includes:
  • the product of the obstacle ratio and the preset environment complexity constraint coefficient is used as the environment complexity corresponding to the target grid.
  • the method further includes:
  • the performing global path planning according to the pre-stored global path planning algorithm, the target end point, the starting position and the environment complexity to obtain the target global path including:
  • the obtaining the target endpoint includes:
  • the target end point with the least substitution value is selected as the final target end point.
  • the determining a final global path based on the target global path, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path comprising:
  • the turning points included in the transition global path are processed to obtain the final global path.
  • the turning points included in the transition global path are processed to obtain the final global path, including:
  • the current path point T(n) is translated by a preset distance in the direction away from the obstacle, so that there is no obstacle in the area, and the translated point is added to the global path;
  • the method further includes:
  • the rotation angle from each path point to the next path point is calculated, so that the robot runs to the target end point according to the final global path and the rotation angle of each path point.
  • the communication bus mentioned in the above electronic device may be a peripheral component interconnect standard (Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (Extended Industry Standard Architecture, EISA) bus or the like.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect standard
  • EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
  • the communication bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used in the figure, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the communication interface is provided for communication between the above-mentioned electronic device and other devices.
  • the memory may include random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), and may also include non-volatile memory (Non-Volatile Memory, NVM), such as at least one disk storage.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • NVM non-Volatile Memory
  • the memory may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor.
  • the above-mentioned processor can be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a network processor (Network Processor, NP), etc.; it can also be a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), dedicated integrated Circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), Field-Programmable Gate Array (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • NP Network Processor
  • DSP Digital Signal Processing
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
  • FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
  • a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, any one of the above-mentioned global path planning is implemented steps of the method.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • software it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer program instructions When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the procedures or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure are produced in whole or in part.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be downloaded from a website site, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server, or data center is by wire (eg, coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that includes an integration of one or more available media.
  • the usable media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (eg, DVD), or semiconductor media (eg, Solid State Disk (SSD)), and the like.

Abstract

一种全局路径规划方法、装置、终端及可读存储介质,以实现规划出尽量远离障碍物的全局路径,使机器人运行时可以有效避免与障碍物碰撞。该方法包括:获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点(S101),环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及机器人的起始位置;根据障碍物信息,确定环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度(S102);根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、目标终点、起始位置和环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径(S103);基于目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使机器人按照最终全局路径运行至目标终点(S104)。

Description

一种全局路径规划方法、装置、终端及可读存储介质
本公开要求于2020年07月08日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010652223.1、发明名称为“一种全局路径规划方法、装置、终端及可读存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及机器人技术领域,尤其涉及一种全局路径规划方法、装置、终端及可读存储介质。
背景技术
随着智能家电的普及,室内扫地机器人的需求也在逐年增加。在扫地机器人研究领域中,全局路径规划技术可以说是一种核心技术。全局路径规划是指机器人在具有障碍物的环境内,按照一种或多种性能指标,寻找一条从起始点到目标点的最优无碰撞路径。
相关技术中,A*算法是常用的全局路径规划算法之一,A*算法采用启发式的搜索方式,大幅度降低了搜索节点的数量,从而极大地提高了搜索效率,被广泛应用于移动机器人自主路径规划。
然而,该算法规划的路径容易贴近障碍物,导致机器人容易与障碍物发生碰撞。
发明内容
本公开实施例的目的在于提供一种全局路径规划方法、装置、终端及可读存储介质,以解决机器人容易与障碍物碰撞的问题。具体技术方案如下:
第一方面,提供了一种全局路径规划方法,所述方法包括:
获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点,所述环境信息包括 环境中的障碍物信息及所述机器人的起始位置;
根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度;
根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点、所述起始位置和所述环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径;
基于所述目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使所述机器人按照所述最终全局路径运行至所述目标终点。
在一些实施方式中,所述根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度,包括:
根据所述起始位置在所述环境对应的栅格地图中确定至少一个目标栅格;
针对每个目标栅格,确定所述目标栅格对应的安全范围;
根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述安全范围内空闲栅格数,并计算所述空闲栅格数与所述安全范围包含的总栅格数据的比例;
基于所述比例确定所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
在一些实施方式中,所述确定各所述目标栅格对应的安全范围,包括:
根据所述机器人的机身尺寸确定安全距离;
根据所述安全距离及所述目标栅格的位置,确定所述目标栅格对应的安全范围。
在一些实施方式中,所述基于所述比例确定所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度,包括:
基于所述比例计算所述目标栅格对应的安全范围内障碍物比例;
将所述障碍物比例和预设的环境复杂度约束系数的乘积,作为所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
在一些实施方式中,所述方法还包括:
计算所述目标栅格对应的约束角度;
所述根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点、所述起 始位置和所述环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径,包括:
将所述环境复杂度和所述约束角度作为约束条件,根据所述全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点和所述起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
在一些实施方式中,所述获取目标终点,包括:
获取用户设置的多个目标终点;
计算机器人的起始位置到各个目标终点的代价值;
选取代价值最小的目标终点为最终的目标终点。
在一些实施方式中,所述基于所述目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使所述机器人按照所述最终全局路径运行至所述目标终点,包括:
在所述目标全局路径包含的路径点中剔除直线冗余点,得到过渡全局路径;
根据转折点删减规则,对所述过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径。
在一些实施方式中,所述根据转折点删减规则,对所述过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径,包括:
在所述过渡全局路径中,遍历每个路径点,提取与当前路径点T(n)前后相邻路径点T(n-1)和T(n+1);
确定以所述T(n-1)和T(n+1)为边界点的区域;
判断所述区域内是否存在障碍物:
若是,则将当前路径点T(n)向远离障碍物的方向平移预设距离,以使所述区域内不存在障碍物,将平移后的路径点添加至全局路径中;
若否,则判定当前路径点T(n)为冗余转折点,剔除当前路径点T(n)。
在一些实施方式中,所述方法还包括:
基于所述最终全局路径,计算每个路径点到下一路径点的旋转角 度,以使机器人按照所述最终全局路径及每个路径点的旋转角度,运行至所述目标终点。
第二方面,提供了一种全局路径规划装置,所述装置包括:
获取模块,被设置为获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点,所述环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及所述机器人的起始位置;
第一确定模块,被设置为根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度;
计算模块,被设置为根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点、所述起始位置和所述环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径;
第二确定模块,被设置为基于所述目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使所述机器人按照所述最终全局路径运行至所述目标终点。
在一些实施方式中,所述第一确定模块,具体被设置为:
根据所述起始位置在所述环境对应的栅格地图中确定至少一个目标栅格;
针对每个目标栅格,确定所述目标栅格对应的安全范围;
根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述安全范围内空闲栅格数,并计算所述空闲栅格数与所述安全范围包含的总栅格数据的比例;
基于所述比例确定所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
在一些实施方式中,所述第一确定模块,具体被设置为:
基于所述比例计算所述目标栅格对应的安全范围内障碍物比例;
将所述障碍物比例和预设的环境复杂度约束系数的乘积,作为所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
在一些实施方式中,
所述第一确定模块,还被设置为计算所述目标栅格对应的约束角度;
所述计算模块,还被设置为将所述环境复杂度和所述约束角度作 为约束条件,根据所述全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点和所述起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
在一些实施方式中,所述第二确定模块,具体被设置为:
在所述目标全局路径包含的路径点中剔除直线冗余点,得到过渡全局路径;
根据转折点删减规则,对所述过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径。
在一些实施方式中,所述第二确定模块,具体被设置为:
在所述过渡全局路径中,遍历每个路径点,提取与当前路径点T(n)前后相邻路径点T(n-1)和T(n+1);
确定以所述T(n-1)和T(n+1)为边界点的区域;
判断所述区域内是否存在障碍物:
若是,则将当前路径点T(n)向远离障碍物的方向平移预设距离,以使所述区域内不存在障碍物,将平移后的路径点添加至全局路径中。
在一些实施方式中,所述第二确定模块,具体被设置为:
基于所述最终全局路径,计算每个路径点到下一路径点的旋转角度,以使机器人按照所述最终全局路径及每个路径点的旋转角度,运行至所述目标终点。
第三方面,提供了一种电子设备,包括处理器、通信接口、存储器和通信总线,其中,处理器,通信接口,存储器通过通信总线完成相互间的通信;
存储器,被设置为存放计算机程序;
处理器,被设置为执行存储器上所存放的程序时,实现上述第一方面所述的方法步骤。
第四方面,提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质内存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述第一方面所述的方法步骤。
第五方面,提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品,当其在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述第一方面所述的方法。
本公开实施例有益效果:
本公开实施例提供了一种全局路径规划方法、装置、终端及可读存储介质,本公开通过:获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点,环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及所述机器人的起始位置;根据障碍物信息,确定环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度;根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、目标终点、起始位置和环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径;基于目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使机器人按照最终全局路径运行至目标终点。本公开方案在规划全局路径规划时,综合考虑了环境复杂度对预先存储的全局路径规划算法进行约束,从而规划出尽量远离障碍物的路径,使机器人可以有效避免与障碍物碰撞。
当然,实施本公开的任一产品或方法并不一定需要同时达到以上所述的所有优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或相关技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或相关技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种全局路径规划方法的流程图;
图2为本公开实施例提供的一种全局路径规划方法示例的流程图;
图3为本公开实施例提供的一种全局路径规划装置的结构示意图;
图4为本公开实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图;
图5为使用传统A*算法规划路径的仿真示意图;
图6为使用本公开规划路径的仿真示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图,对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本公开保护的范围。
本公开实施例提供了一种全局路径规划方法,可以应用于机器人。
下面将结合具体实施方式,对本公开实施例提供的一种全局路径规划方法进行详细的说明,如图1所示,具体步骤如下:
步骤101,获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点。
其中,环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及机器人的起始位置。
本公开实施例中,机器人可以通过自身传感器获取自身所处环境的环境信息,并且可以通过控制模块或接收模块获取目标终点,环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及机器人的起始位置。其中传感器可以是激光雷达传感器。障碍物信息至少包括环境中已知的静态障碍物的位置、轮廓信息等。
步骤102,根据障碍物信息,确定环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
本公开实施例中,根据机器人获取的环境信息创建栅格地图,设置单元栅格边长为resolution,根据机器人获取的障碍物信息,可以确定栅格地图中各单元栅格对应的状态,单元栅格中有障碍物的对应状态为“占有”,单元栅格中无障碍物的对应状态为“空闲”,根据获取的障碍物信息无法确定栅格中是否有障碍物的,对应的状态为“未知”。然后,可以根据目标栅格及栅格地图中各单元栅格对应的状态,确定 栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。其中,目标栅格是按照全局路径规划算法中的规则,在栅格地图中需要进行计算处理的栅格,目标栅格的确定过程后续会进行详细说明。
在一些实施方式中,上述步骤具体处理过程为:根据起始位置在环境对应的栅格地图中确定至少一个目标栅格;针对每个目标栅格,确定目标栅格对应的安全范围;根据障碍物信息,确定安全范围内空闲栅格数,并计算空闲栅格数与安全范围包含的总栅格数据的比例;基于该比例确定目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
本公开实施例中,可以根据起始位置确定起始位置所属的当前栅格,然后确定与当前栅格相邻的各个栅格,其中状态为“空闲”的栅格为目标栅格,从目标栅格中确定出起始位置的下一路径点后,以路径点所在栅格为当前栅格,确定与路径点所在栅格相邻的各个栅格,其中状态为“空闲”的栅格为该路径点的目标栅格。以此循环,直到路径点为目标终点,停止计算。针对每个目标栅格,确定目标栅格对应的安全范围,根据障碍物信息,可以确定各目标栅格对应的安全范围内,状态为“空闲”的栅格数量,计算状态为“空闲”的栅格数量与安全范围包含的总栅格数据的比例pa,基于该比例pa可以确定各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
在一些实施方式中,确定各目标栅格对应的安全范围,具体过程为:根据机器人的机身尺寸确定安全距离;根据安全距离及目标栅格的位置,确定目标栅格对应的安全范围。
本公开实施例中,可以根据机器人机身尺寸及栅格地图的膨胀半径确定安全距离ds,则目标栅格对应的安全范围可以是以目标栅格为中心点,以ds*2/resolution为边长的正方形区域。机器人机身尺寸,针对圆形机器人,可以是机器人机身半径;针对U型机器人或者多边形机器人,可以是机器人机身的外接圆的半径,栅格地图的膨胀半径 是指障碍物在地图中向外扩展的膨胀区的半径,是栅格地图为了避免机器人过于靠近障碍物而设置的保护距离,设置膨胀半径一般小于0.1m。设置的安全距离一般略大于机器人机身尺寸与栅格地图的膨胀半径之和。在一个示例中,机器人机身半径0.17m,栅格地图膨胀半径为0.08m,则设置安全距离为0.3m。设resolution为0.2m,则目标栅格对应的安全范围是以目标栅格为中心点,以0.3m为边长的正方形区域。
在一些实施方式中,基于该比例确定各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度,具体过程为:基于该比例计算目标栅格对应的安全范围内障碍物比例;将障碍物比例和预设的环境复杂度约束系数的乘积,作为目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
本公开实施例中,根据状态为“空闲”的栅格数量与安全范围内包含的总栅格数据的比例pa,可以计算得出目标栅格对应的安全范围内障碍物比例pb,可以表示为pb=1-pa,则目标栅格对应的环境复杂度,可以表示为:b(n)=kb*pb。
步骤103,根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、目标终点、起始位置和环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
本公开实施例中,机器人中提前存储了全局路径规划算法:A*算法,可以表示为f(n)=g(n)+h(n);其中n为机器人当前栅格,f(n)为机器人全局路径规划的代价函数,g(n)为机器人从起点到当前栅格n所花费的代价,h(n)为机器人从当前栅格n到目标终点的启发估计代价。结合环境复杂度改进的A*算法,可以表示为:f(n)=g(n)+h(n)+b(n),根据A*算法、目标终点、起始位置和环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径,即根据改进的A*算法目标终点、起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
在一些实施方式中,规划目标全局路径时还包括:计算目标栅格对应的约束角度;根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、目标终点、起 始位置和环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径,具体为:将环境复杂度和约束角度作为约束条件,根据全局路径规划算法、目标终点和起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
本公开实施例中,规划目标全局路径时还包括:计算目标栅格对应的约束角度,具体的,以目标栅格为当前栅格,得到机器人的当前栅格n,则当前栅格机器人的朝向角为θn,上一栅格机器人的朝向角为θn-1,根据朝向角θn及θn-1,计算约束角度,即约束角度可以表示为:a(n)=ka*(θn-θn-1)。将环境复杂度和约束角度作为约束条件对全局路径规划算法进行改进,即改进后的A*算法代价函数,可以表示为:f(n)=g(n)+h(n)+a(n)+b(n),根据改进后的A*算法代价函数、目标终点、起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
本公开实施例中,计算目标栅格对应的约束角度;将环境复杂度和约束角度作为约束条件,根据全局路径规划算法、目标终点、起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。约束角度时,当机器人上一栅格与当前栅格的朝向角相同时,a(n)=0,当机器人转角越大,则a(n)值越大,机器人会优先选择较小代价值的路径,约束角度可以对相邻路径点的方向偏角进行约束,规划路径时抑制折点的产生,便于机器人的控制。
在一些实施方式中,获取目标终点的具体过程为:获取用户设置的多个目标终点;计算机器人的起始位置到各个目标终点的代价值;选取代价值最小的目标终点为最终的目标终点。
本公开实施例中,在获取用户设置的目标终点后;通过预先存储的代价函数计算机器人的起始位置到各个目标终点的代价值;选取代价值最小的目标终点为最终的目标终点。例如:代价函数可以是改进后的A*算法代价函数。
步骤104,基于目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使机器人按照最终全局路径运行至目标终点。
本公开实施例中,目标全局路径即可作为最终全局路径,也可以基于目标全局路径对路径点进行处理,进而确定最终全局路径,以使机器人按照最终全局路径运行至目标终点。
在一些实施方式中,得到目标全局路径后,还包括:在目标全局路径包含的路径点中剔除直线冗余点,得到过渡全局路径;根据转折点删减规则,对过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径。
本公开实施例中,得到目标全局路径后,还可以在目标全局路径包含的路径点中剔除直线冗余点,得到过渡全局路径;根据转折点删减规则,对过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径。剔除直线冗余点时,可以利用霍夫变换检测全局路径中所有的直线,并得到各直线的起点、终点以及直线方程,若一条直线的终点为另一条直线的起点,则只保留一个点。
在一些实施方式中,根据转折点删减规则,对过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径,具体过程为:在过渡全局路径中,遍历每个路径点,提取与当前路径点T(n)前后相邻路径点T(n-1)和T(n+1);确定以T(n-1)和T(n+1)为边界点的区域;判断该区域内是否存在障碍物:若是,则将当前路径点T(n)向远离障碍物的方向平移预设距离,以使该区域内不存在障碍物,将平移后的路径点添加至全局路径中;若否,则判定当前路径点T(n)为冗余转折点,剔除当前路径点T(n)。
本公开实施例中,基于过渡全局路径,遍历每个路径点,提取当前路径点T(n)前后相邻路径点T(n-1)和T(n+1),连接T(n-1)和T(n+1)得到一条线段,将该线段向垂直方向平移预设的安全距离d得到一个区域;判断该区域内是否存在障碍物:若是,则将路径点T(n)向远离障碍物的方向平移预设距离,以使所述区域内不存在障碍物,在一个 示例中,预设距离d1=安全距离d-障碍物与当前路径点T(n)的距离d0,将平移后的路径点添加至全局路径中;若否,则判定当前路径点T(n)为冗余转折点,剔除当前路径点T(n)。其中,安全距离d的计算方法同上述ds。
本公开实施例中,在目标全局路径包含的路径点中剔除直线冗余点,得到过渡全局路径;根据转折点删减规则,对过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径。通过剔除全局路径中的直线冗余点,提高整体运算效率,解决过多冗余点不利于机器人的控制的问题,使机器人能更高效地到达目标点。另外结合环境因素,剔除或增加转折点,进一步提高整体运算效率,并且使规划出的全局路径可以使机器人运行时更有效地进行避障。
在一些实施方式中,得到最终全局路径后,还包括:基于最终全局路径,计算每个路径点到下一路径点的旋转角度,以使机器人按照最终全局路径及每个路径点的旋转角度,运行至目标终点。
本公开实施例中,得到最终全局路径后,还可以计算每个路径点到下一路径点的旋转角度β,以使机器人按照最终全局路径及每个路径点的旋转角度β,运行至目标终点。旋转角度β的计算公式如下:
Figure PCTCN2020139862-appb-000001
当β>0则逆时针旋转,当β<0则顺时针旋转。
本公开实施例中,基于最终全局路径,计算每个路径点到下一路径点的旋转角度,以使机器人按照最终全局路径及每个路径点的旋转角度,运行至目标终点。通过计算最终全局路径中,每个路径点到下一个路径点的角度,便于机器人的控制。
本公开实施例中,可以获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点,环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及所述机器人的起始位置;根 据障碍物信息,确定环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度;根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、目标终点、起始位置和环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径;基于目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使机器人按照最终全局路径运行至目标终点。本公开方案在规划全局路径规划时,综合考虑了环境复杂度对预先存储的全局路径规划算法进行约束,从而规划出尽量远离障碍物的路径,使机器人可以有效避免与障碍物碰撞。如图5为传统A*算法规划路径的仿真示意图,如图所示,路径点距离障碍物很近,并且转折点相对较多;图6为改进后的A*算法规划路径的仿真示意图,如图所示,路径点距离障碍物较远,转折点也相对较少。因此使用本方法可以规划出尽量远离障碍物的路径,使机器人可以有效避免与障碍物碰撞,并且可以减少转折点,便于机器人的控制。
在一些实施方式中,本公开实施例还提供了一种全局路径规划的处理流程,如图2所示,具体步骤如下。
步骤201,获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点。
步骤202,根据机器人机身尺寸确定安全距离。
步骤203,根据安全距离及目标栅格确定目标栅格对应的安全范围。
步骤204,根据障碍物信息,确定各安全范围内空闲栅格数,并计算空闲栅格数与安全范围包含的总栅格数据的比例。
步骤205,基于该比例计算目标栅格对应的安全范围内障碍物比例。
步骤206,基于障碍物比例计算各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
步骤207,计算目标栅格对应的约束角度。
步骤208,将环境复杂度和约束角度作为约束条件,根据全局路径规划算法、目标终点、起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
步骤209,在目标全局路径包含的路径点中剔除直线冗余点,得到过渡全局路径。
步骤210,根据转折点删减规则,对过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径。
步骤211,基于最终全局路径,计算每个路径点到下一路径点的旋转角度,以使机器人按照最终全局路径及每个路径点的旋转角度,运行至目标终点。
本公开实施例中,可以获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点,环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及所述机器人的起始位置;根据障碍物信息,确定环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度;根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、目标终点、起始位置和环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径;基于目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使机器人按照最终全局路径运行至目标终点。本公开方案在规划全局路径规划时,综合考虑了环境复杂度对预先存储的全局路径规划算法进行约束,从而规划出尽量远离障碍物的路径,使机器人可以有效避免与障碍物碰撞。
基于相同的技术构思,本公开实施例还提供了一种全局路径规划装置,如图3所示,该装置包括:
获取模块301,被设置为获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点,所述环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及所述机器人的起始位置;
第一确定模块302,被设置为根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度;
计算模块303,被设置为根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点、所述起始位置和所述环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径;
第二确定模块304,被设置为基于所述目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使所述机器人按照所述最终全局路径运行至所述目标终点。
在一些实施方式中,所述第一确定模块,具体被设置为:
根据所述起始位置在所述环境对应的栅格地图中确定至少一个目标栅格;
针对每个目标栅格,确定所述目标栅格对应的安全范围;
根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述安全范围内空闲栅格数,并计算所述空闲栅格数与所述安全范围包含的总栅格数据的比例;
基于所述比例确定所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
在一些实施方式中,所述第一确定模块,具体被设置为:
基于所述比例计算所述目标栅格对应的安全范围内障碍物比例;
将所述障碍物比例和预设的环境复杂度约束系数的乘积,作为所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
在一些实施方式中,
所述第一确定模块,还被设置为计算所述目标栅格对应的约束角度;
所述计算模块,还被设置为将所述环境复杂度和所述约束角度作为约束条件,根据所述全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点和所述起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
在一些实施方式中,所述第二确定模块,具体被设置为:
在所述目标全局路径包含的路径点中剔除直线冗余点,得到过渡全局路径;
根据转折点删减规则,对所述过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径。
在一些实施方式中,所述第二确定模块,具体被设置为:
在所述过渡全局路径中,遍历每个路径点,提取与当前路径点T(n)前后相邻路径点T(n-1)和T(n+1);
确定以所述T(n-1)和T(n+1)为边界点的区域;
判断所述区域内是否存在障碍物:
若是,则将当前路径点T(n)往远离障碍物的方向平移预设距离,以使所述区域内不存在障碍物,将平移后的点添加至全局路径中。
在一些实施方式中,所述第二确定模块,具体被设置为:
基于所述最终全局路径,计算每个路径点到下一路径点的旋转角度,以使机器人按照所述最终全局路径及每个路径点的旋转角度,运行至所述目标终点。
本公开实施例中,可以获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点,环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及所述机器人的起始位置;根据障碍物信息,确定环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度;根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、目标终点、起始位置和环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径;基于目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使机器人按照最终全局路径运行至目标终点。本公开方案在规划全局路径规划时,综合考虑了环境复杂度对预先存储的全局路径规划算法进行约束,从而规划出尽量远离障碍物的路径,使机器人可以有效避免与障碍物碰撞。
基于相同的技术构思,本公开实施例还提供了一种电子设备,如图4所示,包括处理器401、通信接口402、存储器403和通信总线404,其中,处理器401,通信接口402,存储器403通过通信总线404完成相互间的通信,
存储器403,被设置为存放计算机程序;
处理器401,被设置为执行存储器403上所存放的程序时,实现如下步骤:
获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点,所述环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及所述机器人的起始位置;
根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度;
根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点、所述起始位置和所述环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径;
基于所述目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使所述机器人按照所述最终全局路径运行至所述目标终点。
在一些实施方式中,所述根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度,包括:
根据所述起始位置在所述环境对应的栅格地图中确定至少一个目标栅格;
针对每个目标栅格,确定所述目标栅格对应的安全范围;
根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述安全范围内空闲栅格数,并计算所述空闲栅格数与所述安全范围包含的总栅格数据的比例;
基于所述比例确定所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
在一些实施方式中,所述确定各所述目标栅格对应的安全范围,包括:
根据所述机器人的机身尺寸确定安全距离;
根据所述安全距离及所述目标栅格的位置,确定所述目标栅格对应的安全范围。
在一些实施方式中,所述基于所述比例确定所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度,包括:
基于所述比例计算所述目标栅格对应的安全范围内障碍物比例;
将所述障碍物比例和预设的环境复杂度约束系数的乘积,作为所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
在一些实施方式中,所述方法还包括:
计算所述目标栅格对应的约束角度;
所述根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点、所述起始位置和所述环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径,包括:
将所述环境复杂度和所述约束角度作为约束条件,根据所述全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点和所述起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
在一些实施方式中,所述获取目标终点,包括:
获取用户设置的多个目标终点;
计算机器人的起始位置到各个目标终点的代价值;
选取代价值最小的目标终点为最终的目标终点。
在一些实施方式中,所述基于所述目标全局路径确定最终全局路 径,以使所述机器人按照所述最终全局路径运行至所述目标终点,包括:
在所述目标全局路径包含的路径点中剔除直线冗余点,得到过渡全局路径;
根据转折点删减规则,对所述过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径。
在一些实施方式中,所述根据转折点删减规则,对所述过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径,包括:
在所述过渡全局路径中,遍历每个路径点,提取与当前路径点T(n)前后相邻路径点T(n-1)和T(n+1);
确定以所述T(n-1)和T(n+1)为边界点的区域;
判断所述区域内是否存在障碍物:
若是,则将当前路径点T(n)往远离障碍物的方向平移预设距离,以使所述区域内不存在障碍物,将平移后的点添加至全局路径中;
若否,则判定当前路径点T(n)为冗余转折点,剔除当前路径点T(n)。
在一些实施方式中,所述方法还包括:
基于所述最终全局路径,计算每个路径点到下一路径点的旋转角度,以使机器人按照所述最终全局路径及每个路径点的旋转角度,运行至所述目标终点。
上述电子设备提到的通信总线可以是外设部件互连标准(Peripheral Component Interconnect,PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(Extended Industry Standard Architecture,EISA)总线等。该通信总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示,图中仅用 一条粗线表示,但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
通信接口被设置为上述电子设备与其他设备之间的通信。
存储器可以包括随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM),也可以包括非易失性存储器(Non-Volatile Memory,NVM),例如至少一个磁盘存储器。在一些实施方式中,存储器还可以是至少一个位于远离前述处理器的存储装置。
上述的处理器可以是通用处理器,包括中央处理器(Central Processing Unit,CPU)、网络处理器(Network Processor,NP)等;还可以是数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processing,DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。
在本公开提供的又一实施例中,还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,该计算机可读存储介质内存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述任一全局路径规划方法的步骤。
在本公开提供的又一实施例中,还提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品,当其在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述实施例中任一全局路径规划方法。
在上述实施例中,可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时,可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时,全部或部分地产生按照本公开实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中,或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输,例如,所述计算机指令可以从 一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质,(例如,软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如,DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘Solid State Disk(SSD))等。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅是本公开的具体实施方式,使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本公开。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本公开的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本公开将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所申请的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种全局路径规划方法,所述方法包括:
    获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点,所述环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及所述机器人的起始位置;
    根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度;
    根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点、所述起始位置和所述环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径;
    基于所述目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使所述机器人按照所述最终全局路径运行至所述目标终点。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度,包括:
    根据所述起始位置在所述环境对应的栅格地图中确定至少一个目标栅格;
    针对每个目标栅格,确定所述目标栅格对应的安全范围;
    根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述安全范围内空闲栅格数,并计算所述空闲栅格数与所述安全范围包含的总栅格数据的比例;
    基于所述比例确定所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述确定所述目标栅格对应的安全范围,包括:
    根据所述机器人的机身尺寸确定安全距离;
    根据所述安全距离及所述目标栅格的位置,确定所述目标栅格对应的安全范围。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述基于所述比例确定所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度,包括:
    基于所述比例计算所述目标栅格对应的安全范围内障碍物比例;
    将所述障碍物比例和预设的环境复杂度约束系数的乘积,作为所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述方法还包括:
    计算所述目标栅格对应的约束角度;
    所述根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点、所述起始位置和所述环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径,包括:
    将所述环境复杂度和所述约束角度作为约束条件,根据所述全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点和所述起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述获取目标终点,包括:
    获取用户设置的多个目标终点;
    计算机器人的起始位置到各个目标终点的代价值;
    选取代价值最小的目标终点为最终的目标终点。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述基于所述目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使所述机器人按照所述最终全局路径运行至所述目标终点,包括:
    在所述目标全局路径包含的路径点中剔除直线冗余点,得到过渡全局路径;
    根据转折点删减规则,对所述过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行 处理,得到最终全局路径。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述根据转折点删减规则,对所述过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径,包括:
    在所述过渡全局路径中,遍历每个路径点,提取与当前路径点T(n)前后相邻路径点T(n-1)和T(n+1);
    确定以所述T(n-1)和T(n+1)为边界点的区域;
    判断所述区域内是否存在障碍物:
    若是,则将当前路径点T(n)向远离障碍物的方向平移预设距离,以使所述区域内不存在障碍物,将平移后的路径点添加至全局路径中;
    若否,则判定当前路径点T(n)为冗余转折点,剔除当前路径点T(n)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述方法还包括:
    基于所述最终全局路径,计算每个路径点到下一路径点的旋转角度,以使机器人按照所述最终全局路径及每个路径点的旋转角度,运行至所述目标终点。
  10. 一种全局路径规划装置,所述装置包括:
    获取模块,被设置为获取机器人所处环境的环境信息及目标终点,所述环境信息包括环境中的障碍物信息及所述机器人的起始位置;
    第一确定模块,被设置为根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述环境对应的栅格地图中各目标栅格对应的环境复杂度;
    计算模块,被设置为根据预先存储的全局路径规划算法、所述目 标终点、所述起始位置和所述环境复杂度进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径;
    第二确定模块,被设置为基于所述目标全局路径确定最终全局路径,以使所述机器人按照所述最终全局路径运行至所述目标终点。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中,所述第一确定模块,具体被设置为:
    根据所述起始位置在所述环境对应的栅格地图中确定至少一个目标栅格;
    针对每个目标栅格,确定所述目标栅格对应的安全范围;
    根据所述障碍物信息,确定所述安全范围内空闲栅格数,并计算所述空闲栅格数与所述安全范围包含的总栅格数据的比例;
    基于所述比例确定所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中,所述第一确定模块,具体被设置为:
    基于所述比例计算所述目标栅格对应的安全范围内障碍物比例;
    将所述障碍物比例和预设的环境复杂度约束系数的乘积,作为所述目标栅格对应的环境复杂度。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中,
    所述第一确定模块,还被设置为计算所述目标栅格对应的约束角度;
    所述计算模块,还被设置为将所述环境复杂度和所述约束角度作为约束条件,根据所述全局路径规划算法、所述目标终点和所述起始位置进行全局路径规划,得到目标全局路径。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中,所述第二确定模块,具体被设置为:
    在所述目标全局路径包含的路径点中剔除直线冗余点,得到过渡全局路径;
    根据转折点删减规则,对所述过渡全局路径中包含的转折点进行处理,得到最终全局路径。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的装置,其中,所述第二确定模块,具体被设置为:
    在所述过渡全局路径中,遍历每个路径点,提取与当前路径点T(n)前后相邻路径点T(n-1)和T(n+1);
    确定以所述T(n-1)和T(n+1)为边界点的区域;
    判断所述区域内是否存在障碍物:
    若是,则将当前路径点T(n)向远离障碍物的方向平移预设距离,以使所述区域内不存在障碍物,将平移后的路径点添加至全局路径中。
  16. 根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中,所述第二确定模块,具体被设置为:
    基于所述最终全局路径,计算每个路径点到下一路径点的旋转角度,以使机器人按照所述最终全局路径及每个路径点的旋转角度,运行至所述目标终点。
  17. 一种电子设备,包括处理器、通信接口、存储器和通信总线,其中,处理器,通信接口,存储器通过通信总线完成相互间的通信;
    存储器,被设置为存放计算机程序;
    处理器,被设置为执行存储器上所存放的程序时,实现权利要求1-9任一所述的方法步骤。
  18. 一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质内存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1-9任一所述的方法步骤。
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CN117553820A (zh) * 2024-01-12 2024-02-13 北京理工大学 一种越野环境中路径规划方法、系统及设备
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