WO2022001035A1 - Gear shaft machining process - Google Patents

Gear shaft machining process Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022001035A1
WO2022001035A1 PCT/CN2020/139670 CN2020139670W WO2022001035A1 WO 2022001035 A1 WO2022001035 A1 WO 2022001035A1 CN 2020139670 W CN2020139670 W CN 2020139670W WO 2022001035 A1 WO2022001035 A1 WO 2022001035A1
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Prior art keywords
workpiece
finishing
finished
gear shaft
machining
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PCT/CN2020/139670
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵志刚
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惠州市金箭精密部件有限公司
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Publication of WO2022001035A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022001035A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of hardware processing, in particular to a gear shaft processing technology.
  • Gear shaft is a kind of hardware, which refers to the mechanical parts that support rotating parts and rotate with them to transmit motion, torque or bending moment.
  • the gear shaft can realize the transmission of gears and other components, and can transmit torque and power well. It has the advantages of high transmission efficiency, long service life and compact structure. It is a basic hardware component widely used in construction machinery.
  • the machining of the gear shaft generally requires high precision, so in the processing of the gear shaft, it is necessary to strictly control each processing procedure to ensure that it meets the quality requirements. While ensuring the machining accuracy, it is also necessary to ensure that the gear shaft has good Comprehensive mechanical properties. In order to make the gear shaft have good comprehensive mechanical properties while ensuring the accuracy, its processing technology needs to be improved.
  • a gear shaft machining process firstly making a blank, roughing the blank to obtain a rough-machined workpiece, performing semi-finishing on the rough-machined workpiece, and then finishing the semi-finished workpiece to the design size to obtain a fine-machined workpiece.
  • the workpiece is processed, the finished workpiece is heat treated, and the finished workpiece is post-processed to obtain a finished product.
  • Step 1 select the corresponding raw materials according to the design requirements
  • Step 2 making the raw material into a blank
  • Step 3 Rough machining the blank to obtain the workpiece after rough machining
  • Step 4 semi-finishing the workpiece
  • Step 5 finishing the workpiece to the design size to obtain a finishing workpiece, firstly processing the shaft portion, and then processing the tooth portion;
  • Step 6 Preliminarily inspect the finished workpiece to screen out defective products
  • Step 7 post-processing the finished workpiece to obtain a finished product
  • Step 8 Final inspection of the finished product is carried out, and defective products are screened out again.
  • the heat treatment of the finished workpiece includes the following detailed steps:
  • the finishing workpiece is normalized and divided into two stages of heating.
  • the first stage of heating is heated to 450-550°C and maintained for 1-2.5 hours, and the second stage of heating increases the temperature to 850-550°C. 1100°C for 0.5-2 hours.
  • the fourth step further includes cleaning the semi-finished workpiece to remove impurities attached to the surface.
  • the rough machining has a machining allowance of 1.2-3 mm
  • the semi-finishing has a machining allowance of 0.1-1 mm.
  • the final inspection of the finished product is to test the comprehensive mechanical properties of the finished product after checking the shape and size of the product by machine vision.
  • threads are machined on the outer circumference of the gear shaft near the end or threaded holes are machined at the shaft end.
  • the post-processing of the finishing workpiece includes:
  • a vibration polishing machine is used to polish the finished workpiece.
  • a heat treatment process is set, and a semi-finishing process is set between roughing and finishing.
  • the setting of the three processes of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing ensures the machining accuracy of the gear shaft.
  • the heat treatment process also ensures that the gear shaft can have good comprehensive mechanical properties.
  • the finished workpiece is inspected twice, which effectively ensures the quality of the product and ensures that the gear shaft can meet the design requirements.
  • the invention provides a gear shaft machining process, firstly making a blank, rough machining the blank to obtain a rough machined workpiece, semi-finishing the rough-machined workpiece, and then finishing the semi-finished workpiece to the design
  • the size of the finished workpiece is obtained, the finished workpiece is subjected to heat treatment, and the finished workpiece after the heat treatment is subjected to post-processing to obtain a finished product.
  • Step 1 select the corresponding raw materials according to the design requirements
  • Step 2 making the raw material into a blank
  • Step 3 Rough machining the blank to obtain the workpiece after rough machining
  • Step 4 semi-finishing the workpiece
  • Step 5 finishing the workpiece to the design size to obtain a finishing workpiece, firstly processing the shaft portion, and then processing the tooth portion;
  • Step 6 Preliminarily inspect the finished workpiece to screen out defective products
  • Step 7 post-processing the finished workpiece to obtain a finished product
  • Step 8 Final inspection of the finished product is carried out, and defective products are screened out again.
  • the finishing workpiece is normalized and divided into two stages of heating.
  • the first stage of heating is first heated to 450-550°C and maintained for 1-2.5 hours, and the second stage of heating increases the temperature to 850-1100°C, And maintain for 0.5-2 hours.
  • it can be heated to 500°C first, and then heated to 950°C.
  • the specific implementation needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation, which can be any value within the aforementioned range.
  • the tempering process can also be set according to the requirements during the specific implementation.
  • the fourth step further includes cleaning the semi-finished workpiece to remove impurities attached to the surface.
  • the rough machining has a machining allowance of 1.2-3 mm
  • the semi-finishing has a machining allowance of 0.1-1 mm.
  • a machining allowance of 1.8 mm is reserved for step 4
  • a machining allowance of 0.8 mm is reserved for semi-finishing.
  • the specific implementation needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation, which can be any value within the aforementioned range.
  • the final inspection of the finished product is to test the comprehensive mechanical properties of the finished product after checking the shape and size of the product by machine vision.
  • the finished products can be arranged regularly in advance, and then machine vision inspection can be carried out in an orderly manner. By comparing the pre-stored standard size with the collected finished product data, it can be judged whether the processing requirements are met.
  • the follow-up comprehensive mechanical properties include hardness and strength, etc.
  • threads are machined on the outer circumference of the gear shaft near the end or threaded holes are machined at the shaft end.
  • the post-processing of the finishing workpiece in the eighth step includes:
  • a vibration polishing machine is used to polish the finished workpiece. After polishing, the surface of the finished workpiece can meet the smoothness requirements.
  • a heat treatment process is set, and a semi-finishing process is set between roughing and finishing.
  • the setting of the three processes of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing ensures the machining accuracy of the gear shaft.
  • the heat treatment process also ensures that the gear shaft can have good comprehensive mechanical properties.
  • the finished workpiece is inspected twice, which effectively ensures the quality of the product and ensures that the gear shaft can meet the design requirements.
  • first, second, etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.
  • connection and “fixed” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or a
  • the indirect connection through an intermediate medium can be the internal communication of the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.

Abstract

A gear shaft machining process, involving: first manufacturing a blank; carrying out rough machining on the blank to obtain a roughly-machined workpiece; carrying out semi-finishing on the roughly-machined workpiece; then carrying out finishing on the semi-finished workpiece until the workpiece has a design size, so as to obtain a finished workpiece; carrying out a heat treatment on the finished workpiece; and then carrying out post-treatment on the finished workpiece which has been subjected to the heat treatment, so as to obtain a finished product. In the process, a heat treatment procedure is provided, and a semi-finishing procedure is also provided between rough machining and finishing, and the provision of the three procedures, i.e. rough machining, semi-finishing and finishing, ensures the machining precision of a gear shaft, and the heat treatment procedure which is performed after machining also ensures that the gear shaft has a good comprehensive mechanical performance; moreover, during the process, a finished workpiece is inspected twice, thereby effectively ensuring the quality of a product, and ensuring that the gear shaft can meet design requirements.

Description

一种齿轮轴加工工艺A gear shaft machining process 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及五金加工技术领域，具体涉及一种齿轮轴加工工艺。The invention relates to the technical field of hardware processing, in particular to a gear shaft processing technology.
背景技术Background technique
传统的五金一般指金、银、铜、铁、锡，现在的机械制造中五金也泛指金属，五金加工就是将金属材料，按设计的图纸或样品，用车床、铣床、钻床、磨床等设备加工成为各种各样的五金零部件，如螺丝、板材、轴件等等。齿轮轴是五金件的一种，指支承转动零件并与之一起回转以传递运动、扭矩或弯矩的机械零件。齿轮轴能够实现齿轮及其它部件的传动，可以很好地传递力矩和动力，具有传动效率高、使用寿命长、结构紧凑等优点，是工程机械中广泛应用的基础五金零部件。Traditional hardware generally refers to gold, silver, copper, iron, and tin. In today's machinery manufacturing, hardware also refers to metal. Hardware processing is to use lathes, milling machines, drilling machines, grinders and other equipment according to the designed drawings or samples. Processed into a variety of hardware components, such as screws, plates, shafts and so on. Gear shaft is a kind of hardware, which refers to the mechanical parts that support rotating parts and rotate with them to transmit motion, torque or bending moment. The gear shaft can realize the transmission of gears and other components, and can transmit torque and power well. It has the advantages of high transmission efficiency, long service life and compact structure. It is a basic hardware component widely used in construction machinery.
技术问题technical problem
齿轮轴的加工一般对于精度的要求较高，所以在齿轮轴的加工中，需要对每个加工工序进行严格控制才能保证其达到质量要求，在确保加工精度的同时还需要保证齿轮轴具有良好的综合力学性能。为了使齿轮轴在保证精度的同时还能具有良好的综合力学性能，需要对其加工工艺进行改进。The machining of the gear shaft generally requires high precision, so in the processing of the gear shaft, it is necessary to strictly control each processing procedure to ensure that it meets the quality requirements. While ensuring the machining accuracy, it is also necessary to ensure that the gear shaft has good Comprehensive mechanical properties. In order to make the gear shaft have good comprehensive mechanical properties while ensuring the accuracy, its processing technology needs to be improved.
技术解决方案technical solutions
一种齿轮轴加工工艺，首先制作毛坯，对毛坯进行粗加工得到粗加工的工件，对粗加工后的工件进行半精加工，之后对半精加工后的工件进行精加工至设计尺寸，得到精加工工件，对精加工工件进行热处理，再对热处理后的精加工工件进行后处理后得到成品。A gear shaft machining process, firstly making a blank, roughing the blank to obtain a rough-machined workpiece, performing semi-finishing on the rough-machined workpiece, and then finishing the semi-finished workpiece to the design size to obtain a fine-machined workpiece. The workpiece is processed, the finished workpiece is heat treated, and the finished workpiece is post-processed to obtain a finished product.
进一步的，包括以下详细步骤：Further, the following detailed steps are included:
步骤一，根据设计需求，选择对应的原材料；Step 1, select the corresponding raw materials according to the design requirements;
步骤二，将原材料制作成毛坯；Step 2, making the raw material into a blank;
步骤三，对毛坯进行粗加工，得到粗加工后的工件；Step 3: Rough machining the blank to obtain the workpiece after rough machining;
步骤四，对工件半精加工；Step 4, semi-finishing the workpiece;
步骤五，对工件进行精加工至设计尺寸，得到精加工工件，先加工轴部，再加工齿部；Step 5, finishing the workpiece to the design size to obtain a finishing workpiece, firstly processing the shaft portion, and then processing the tooth portion;
步骤六，对精加工工件进行初检，筛除不良品；Step 6: Preliminarily inspect the finished workpiece to screen out defective products;
步骤七，将精加工工件进行后处理，得到成品；Step 7, post-processing the finished workpiece to obtain a finished product;
步骤八，对成品再进行终检，再次筛除不良品。Step 8: Final inspection of the finished product is carried out, and defective products are screened out again.
进一步的，所述对精加工工件进行热处理包括以下详细步骤：Further, the heat treatment of the finished workpiece includes the following detailed steps:
A1，将精加工工件进行正火加热至850-1100℃；A1, normalize the finished workpiece to 850-1100℃;
A2，将正火后的精加工工件进行退火；A2, anneal the finished workpiece after normalizing;
A3，将退火后的精加工工件冷却至室温；。A3, cooling the finished workpiece after annealing to room temperature;
进一步的，所述步骤A1中对精加工工件进行正火分为两段加热，第一段加热先加热到450-550℃，并维持1-2.5小时，第二段加热将温度提高到850-1100℃，并维持0.5-2小时。Further, in the step A1, the finishing workpiece is normalized and divided into two stages of heating. The first stage of heating is heated to 450-550°C and maintained for 1-2.5 hours, and the second stage of heating increases the temperature to 850-550°C. 1100°C for 0.5-2 hours.
进一步的，所述步骤四还包括对半精加工后的工件进行清洁，去除表面附着的杂质。Further, the fourth step further includes cleaning the semi-finished workpiece to remove impurities attached to the surface.
进一步的，所述粗加工有加工余量1.2-3mm，所述半精加工留有加工余量0.1-1mm。Further, the rough machining has a machining allowance of 1.2-3 mm, and the semi-finishing has a machining allowance of 0.1-1 mm.
进一步的，所述步骤八中，对成品进行终检，是采用机器视觉检查产品的外形、尺寸后，测试成品的综合力学性能。Further, in the step 8, the final inspection of the finished product is to test the comprehensive mechanical properties of the finished product after checking the shape and size of the product by machine vision.
进一步的，所述精加工的过程中，在齿轮轴的靠近端部的外圆加工出螺纹或在轴端加工出螺纹孔。Further, during the finishing process, threads are machined on the outer circumference of the gear shaft near the end or threaded holes are machined at the shaft end.
进一步的，所述对精加工工件进行后处理包括：Further, the post-processing of the finishing workpiece includes:
C1，对精加工工件进行打磨抛光，去除精加工工件表面的披锋；C1, grind and polish the finished workpiece to remove the drape on the surface of the finished workpiece;
C2，对精加工工件进行清洁，去除精加工工件表面附着的杂质；C2, clean the finishing workpiece and remove the impurities attached to the surface of the finishing workpiece;
C3，将清洁后的精加工工件表面覆盖润滑油；C3, cover the surface of the cleaned finishing workpiece with lubricating oil;
所述步骤C1中使用振动抛光机对精加工工件进行抛光。In the step C1, a vibration polishing machine is used to polish the finished workpiece.
有益效果beneficial effect
本发明中设置了热处理工序，同时在粗加工和精加工之间设置了半精加工的工序，粗加工、半精加工和精加工三个工序的设置确保齿轮轴的加工精度，在加工后的热处理工序又保证了齿轮轴能具有良好的综合力学性能。另一方面，本发明中对精加工后的工件进行两次检查，有效地保证了产品的质量，确保齿轮轴能够达到设计要求。In the present invention, a heat treatment process is set, and a semi-finishing process is set between roughing and finishing. The setting of the three processes of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing ensures the machining accuracy of the gear shaft. The heat treatment process also ensures that the gear shaft can have good comprehensive mechanical properties. On the other hand, in the present invention, the finished workpiece is inspected twice, which effectively ensures the quality of the product and ensures that the gear shaft can meet the design requirements.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention
本发明提供的一种齿轮轴加工工艺，首先制作毛坯，对毛坯进行粗加工得到粗加工的工件，对粗加工后的工件进行半精加工，之后对半精加工后的工件进行精加工至设计尺寸，得到精加工工件，对精加工工件进行热处理，再对热处理后的精加工工件进行后处理后得到成品。The invention provides a gear shaft machining process, firstly making a blank, rough machining the blank to obtain a rough machined workpiece, semi-finishing the rough-machined workpiece, and then finishing the semi-finished workpiece to the design The size of the finished workpiece is obtained, the finished workpiece is subjected to heat treatment, and the finished workpiece after the heat treatment is subjected to post-processing to obtain a finished product.
本发明包括以下详细步骤：The present invention includes the following detailed steps:
步骤一，根据设计需求，选择对应的原材料；Step 1, select the corresponding raw materials according to the design requirements;
步骤二，将原材料制作成毛坯；Step 2, making the raw material into a blank;
步骤三，对毛坯进行粗加工，得到粗加工后的工件；Step 3: Rough machining the blank to obtain the workpiece after rough machining;
步骤四，对工件半精加工；Step 4, semi-finishing the workpiece;
步骤五，对工件进行精加工至设计尺寸，得到精加工工件，先加工轴部，再加工齿部；Step 5, finishing the workpiece to the design size to obtain a finishing workpiece, firstly processing the shaft portion, and then processing the tooth portion;
步骤六，对精加工工件进行初检，筛除不良品；Step 6: Preliminarily inspect the finished workpiece to screen out defective products;
步骤七，将精加工工件进行后处理，得到成品；Step 7, post-processing the finished workpiece to obtain a finished product;
步骤八，对成品再进行终检，再次筛除不良品。Step 8: Final inspection of the finished product is carried out, and defective products are screened out again.
所述对精加工工件进行热处理包括以下详细步骤：The heat treatment of the finished workpiece includes the following detailed steps:
A1，将精加工工件进行正火加热至850-1100℃；A1, normalize the finished workpiece to 850-1100℃;
A2，将正火后的精加工工件进行退火；A2, anneal the finished workpiece after normalizing;
A3，将退火后的工件冷却至室温；。A3, cool the annealed workpiece to room temperature;
所述步骤A1中对精加工工件进行正火分为两段加热，第一段加热先加热到450-550℃，并维持1-2.5小时，第二段加热将温度提高到850-1100℃，并维持0.5-2小时。本实施例中可先加热到500℃，再加热到950℃，当然具体实施时需要根据实际情况进行调整，可以是前述范围的任意值。同时，在具体实施时还可根据需求设置回火的工序。In the step A1, the finishing workpiece is normalized and divided into two stages of heating. The first stage of heating is first heated to 450-550°C and maintained for 1-2.5 hours, and the second stage of heating increases the temperature to 850-1100°C, And maintain for 0.5-2 hours. In this embodiment, it can be heated to 500°C first, and then heated to 950°C. Of course, the specific implementation needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation, which can be any value within the aforementioned range. At the same time, the tempering process can also be set according to the requirements during the specific implementation.
所述步骤四还包括对半精加工后的工件进行清洁，去除表面附着的杂质。The fourth step further includes cleaning the semi-finished workpiece to remove impurities attached to the surface.
粗加工留有加工余量1.2-3mm，所述半精加工留有加工余量0.1-1mm。本实施例中步骤四留有加工余量1.8mm，半精加工留有加工余量0.8mm，当然具体实施时需要根据实际情况进行调整，可以是前述范围的任意值。The rough machining has a machining allowance of 1.2-3 mm, and the semi-finishing has a machining allowance of 0.1-1 mm. In this embodiment, a machining allowance of 1.8 mm is reserved for step 4, and a machining allowance of 0.8 mm is reserved for semi-finishing. Of course, the specific implementation needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation, which can be any value within the aforementioned range.
所述步骤八中，对成品进行终检，是采用机器视觉检查产品的外形、尺寸后，测试成品的综合力学性能。可预先将成品规则排列，然后有序地进行机器视觉检查，通过将预存的标准尺寸和采集的成品数据作对比，判断是否达到加工要求。后续的综合力学性能包括硬度强度等，这些测试手段都是较为成熟的，在此不在累赘叙述。In the eighth step, the final inspection of the finished product is to test the comprehensive mechanical properties of the finished product after checking the shape and size of the product by machine vision. The finished products can be arranged regularly in advance, and then machine vision inspection can be carried out in an orderly manner. By comparing the pre-stored standard size with the collected finished product data, it can be judged whether the processing requirements are met. The follow-up comprehensive mechanical properties include hardness and strength, etc. These test methods are relatively mature and will not be described here.
所述精加工的过程中，在齿轮轴的靠近端部的外圆加工出螺纹或在轴端加工出螺纹孔。During the finishing process, threads are machined on the outer circumference of the gear shaft near the end or threaded holes are machined at the shaft end.
所述步骤八中对精加工工件进行后处理包括：The post-processing of the finishing workpiece in the eighth step includes:
C1，对精加工工件进行打磨抛光，去除精加工工件表面的披锋；C1, grind and polish the finished workpiece to remove the drape on the surface of the finished workpiece;
C2，对精加工工件进行清洁，去除精加工工件表面附着的杂质；C2, clean the finishing workpiece and remove the impurities attached to the surface of the finishing workpiece;
C3，将清洁后的精加工工件表面覆盖润滑油；C3, cover the surface of the cleaned finishing workpiece with lubricating oil;
所述步骤C1中使用振动抛光机对精加工工件进行抛光。抛光后精加工工件表面可达到光滑度要求。In the step C1, a vibration polishing machine is used to polish the finished workpiece. After polishing, the surface of the finished workpiece can meet the smoothness requirements.
本发明中设置了热处理工序，同时在粗加工和精加工之间设置了半精加工的工序，粗加工、半精加工和精加工三个工序的设置确保齿轮轴的加工精度，在加工后的热处理工序又保证了齿轮轴能具有良好的综合力学性能。另一方面，本发明中对精加工后的工件进行两次检查，有效地保证了产品的质量，确保齿轮轴能够达到设计要求。In the present invention, a heat treatment process is set, and a semi-finishing process is set between roughing and finishing. The setting of the three processes of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing ensures the machining accuracy of the gear shaft. The heat treatment process also ensures that the gear shaft can have good comprehensive mechanical properties. On the other hand, in the present invention, the finished workpiece is inspected twice, which effectively ensures the quality of the product and ensures that the gear shaft can meet the design requirements.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the indicated orientation or positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation or a specific orientation construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上， 除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语 “连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms Terms such as "connection" and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or a The indirect connection through an intermediate medium can be the internal communication of the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
虽然对本发明的描述是结合以上具体实施例进行的，但是，熟悉本技术领域的人员能够根据上述的内容进行许多替换、修改和变化，是显而易见的。因此，所有这样的替代、改进和变化都包括在附后的权利要求的范围内。Although the present invention is described in conjunction with the above specific embodiments, it is obvious that those skilled in the art can make many substitutions, modifications and changes based on the above content. Accordingly, all such alternatives, modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种齿轮轴加工工艺，其特征在于，首先制作毛坯，对毛坯进行粗加工得到粗加工的工件，对粗加工后的工件进行半精加工，之后对半精加工后的工件进行精加工至设计尺寸，得到精加工工件，对精加工工件进行热处理，再对热处理后的精加工工件进行后处理后得到成品。A gear shaft machining process is characterized in that, firstly, a blank is produced, rough machining is performed on the blank to obtain a rough-machined workpiece, semi-finishing is performed on the rough-machined workpiece, and then the semi-finished workpiece is finished to design The size of the finished workpiece is obtained, the finished workpiece is subjected to heat treatment, and the finished workpiece after the heat treatment is subjected to post-processing to obtain a finished product.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的齿轮轴加工工艺，其特征在于，包括以下详细步骤：The gear shaft machining process according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following detailed steps:
    步骤一，根据设计需求，选择对应的原材料；Step 1, select the corresponding raw materials according to the design requirements;
    步骤二，将原材料制作成毛坯；Step 2, making the raw material into a blank;
    步骤三，对毛坯进行粗加工，得到粗加工后的工件；Step 3: Rough machining the blank to obtain the workpiece after rough machining;
    步骤四，对工件半精加工；Step 4, semi-finishing the workpiece;
    步骤五，对工件进行精加工至设计尺寸，得到精加工工件，先加工轴部，再加工齿部；Step 5, finishing the workpiece to the design size to obtain a finishing workpiece, firstly processing the shaft portion, and then processing the tooth portion;
    步骤六，对精加工工件进行初检，筛除不良品；Step 6: Preliminarily inspect the finished workpiece to screen out defective products;
    步骤七，将精加工工件进行后处理，得到成品；Step 7, post-processing the finished workpiece to obtain a finished product;
    步骤八，对成品再进行终检，再次筛除不良品。Step 8: Final inspection of the finished product is carried out, and defective products are screened out again.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的齿轮轴加工工艺，其特征在于，对精加工工件进行热处理包括以下详细步骤：The gear shaft machining process according to claim 2, wherein the heat treatment of the finished workpiece comprises the following detailed steps:
    A1，将精加工工件进行正火加热至850-1100℃；A1, normalize the finished workpiece to 850-1100℃;
    A2，将正火后的精加工工件进行退火；A2, anneal the finished workpiece after normalizing;
    A3，将退火后的精加工工件冷却至室温。A3, the annealed finishing workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的齿轮轴加工工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤A1中对精加工工件进行正火分为两段加热，第一段加热先加热到450-550℃，并维持1-2.5小时，第二段加热将温度提高到850-1100℃，并维持0.5-2小时。The gear shaft machining process according to claim 3, wherein in the step A1, the finishing workpiece is normalized and divided into two stages of heating, the first stage of heating is first heated to 450-550°C, and maintained for 1- 2.5 hours, the second stage heating increases the temperature to 850-1100°C and maintains it for 0.5-2 hours.
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的齿轮轴加工工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤四还包括对半精加工后的工件进行清洁，去除表面附着的杂质。The gear shaft machining process according to claim 2, wherein the step 4 further comprises cleaning the semi-finished workpiece to remove impurities attached to the surface.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的齿轮轴加工工艺，其特征在于，所述粗加工留有加工余量1.2-3mm，所述半精加工留有加工余量0.1-1mm。The gear shaft machining process according to claim 5, wherein a machining allowance of 1.2-3 mm is reserved for the rough machining, and a machining allowance of 0.1-1 mm is reserved for the semi-finishing machining.
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的齿轮轴加工工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤八中，对成品进行终检，是采用机器视觉检查产品的外形、尺寸后，测试成品的综合力学性能。The gear shaft machining process according to claim 2, wherein, in the step 8, the final inspection of the finished product is to test the comprehensive mechanical properties of the finished product after checking the shape and size of the product by machine vision.
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的齿轮轴加工工艺，其特征在于，所述精加工的过程中，在齿轮轴的靠近端部的外圆加工出螺纹或在轴端加工出螺纹孔。The gear shaft machining process according to claim 2, wherein in the finishing process, threads are machined on the outer circle of the gear shaft near the end or threaded holes are machined at the shaft end.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的齿轮轴加工工艺，其特征在于，所述对精加工工件进行后处理包括：The gear shaft machining process according to claim 1, wherein the post-processing of the finished workpiece comprises:
    C1，对精加工工件进行打磨抛光，去除精加工工件表面的披锋；C1, grind and polish the finished workpiece to remove the drape on the surface of the finished workpiece;
    C2，对精加工工件进行清洁，去除精加工工件表面附着的杂质；C2, clean the finishing workpiece and remove the impurities attached to the surface of the finishing workpiece;
    C3，将清洁后的精加工工件表面覆盖润滑油；C3, cover the surface of the cleaned finishing workpiece with lubricating oil;
    所述步骤C1中使用振动抛光机对精加工工件进行抛光。In the step C1, a vibration polishing machine is used to polish the finished workpiece.
PCT/CN2020/139670 2020-06-29 2020-12-25 Gear shaft machining process WO2022001035A1 (en)

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CN115255843A (en) * 2022-07-29 2022-11-01 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 Machining method of high-precision large rectangular spline shaft
CN115255843B (en) * 2022-07-29 2023-06-13 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 Processing method of high-precision large rectangular spline shaft

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