WO2021259764A1 - Dispositif de chauffage électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021259764A1
WO2021259764A1 PCT/EP2021/066461 EP2021066461W WO2021259764A1 WO 2021259764 A1 WO2021259764 A1 WO 2021259764A1 EP 2021066461 W EP2021066461 W EP 2021066461W WO 2021259764 A1 WO2021259764 A1 WO 2021259764A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resistance heating
electrical heating
conductor
substrate
infrared sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/066461
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Aurelian Kotlar
Original Assignee
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vitesco Technologies GmbH filed Critical Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Publication of WO2021259764A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021259764A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/128—Preventing overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/25—Temperature of the heat-generating means in the heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical heating device with an electrical heating arrangement with at least one resistance heating conductor arranged flat on a substrate in a meandering shape.
  • An electrical heating arrangement is known from DE 10 2011 057 108 A1.
  • the electrical vehicle heating arrangement there has an electrical resistance heating conductor which is connected to an electrical voltage supply.
  • the electrical vehicle heating device can have a plurality of such electrical resistance heating conductors.
  • An electrical resistance heating conductor is an ohmic heating element that converts electrical power directly into heating power.
  • the resistance heating conductor of DE 102011 057 108 A1 is designed as a high-voltage resistance heating conductor which is designed for direct voltage operation with a supply voltage greater than 100 volts, preferably greater than 150 volts, in particular in a range between 200 volts and 1,000 volts.
  • a correspondingly high DC voltage is applied during operation of the vehicle heating device by the voltage supply, which is formed in particular by the on-board network of an associated motor vehicle.
  • the resistance heating conductor can be formed on a flat surface of a substrate.
  • the substrate has an integrally formed heat exchanger which is designed to transfer heat to a medium to be heated.
  • the medium to be heated is formed in particular by the liquid of a liquid circuit provided within the respective motor vehicle (for example cooling water circuit or coolant circuit).
  • the heat exchanger has a surface that is directly connected to the medium to be heated for heat transfer.
  • the surface of the heat exchanger can be provided with a plurality of ribs or projections in order to achieve an improved heat transfer to the medium to be heated.
  • the substrate (including the heat exchanger) is made of a metal (for example aluminum, copper, an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy) so that good heat conduction from the resistance heating conductor to the medium is ensured.
  • the substrate On the surface on which the resistance heating conductor is provided, the substrate is coated flat with an electrically insulating cover layer made of aluminum oxide.
  • the top layer can be applied to the surface by means of a spraying process.
  • the cover layer has a comparatively high thermal conductivity (for an electrical insulator).
  • An electrically conductive resistance heating layer which forms the resistance heating conductor and is structured as a meandering conductor track, is in turn applied to this cover layer by means of a coating technique.
  • the resistance heating layer is designed as a thin layer. This can be produced, for example, by means of a method (for example spraying method) as described in EP 1 459 332 B1.
  • the resistance heating layer is designed in such a way that an electrical voltage (of the voltage supply) can be applied to it in order to convert electrical energy into thermal energy.
  • the resistance heating layer is in turn provided on the top side with an electrically insulating cover layer made of aluminum oxide, which is also applied by means of a coating technique.
  • the cover layer is designed in such a way that the space between the meandering conductor track is completely filled by the material of the cover layer, so that a flat surface is obtained.
  • the substrate resistance heating conductor arrangement which has the substrate, the resistance heating layer and the cover layers, forms a compact, cohesive assembly. Such an assembly is shown schematically in FIG.
  • a temperature sensor In order to detect excess temperature, a temperature sensor can be placed on a resistance heating conductor. However, such a temperature sensor will overheat only in a limited area surrounding it Detect area. Overheating can occur in a different area and therefore cannot be detected by the temperature sensor, or at least not detected in time.
  • an electrical heating device with an electrical heating arrangement with at least one resistance heating conductor arranged flat on a substrate in a meandering shape, a focusing device arranged over a substrate surface covered by the resistance heating conductor and an infrared sensor arranged in the focus of the focusing device, the substrate being on a thermally conductive fluid housing is arranged with an input and an output connection for a fluid to be heated, and wherein the electrical heating device has a control device which has supply connections that are connected to the at least one resistance heating conductor for its power supply, and which has at least one input connection that is connected to the infrared sensor, and wherein the control device is set up to compare a signal from the infrared sensor with a predetermined threshold value and, if this threshold value is exceeded, d Interrupt the supply of the at least one resistance heating conductor due to excess temperature.
  • the entire area covered with resistance heating conductors on the surface of the substrate can be monitored with just one sensor element.
  • the heating arrangement has a plurality of resistance heating conductors and the control device is set up to supply the individual resistance heating conductors individually and successively with energy when the threshold value is exceeded in order to determine which resistance heating conductor has an excess temperature.
  • the focusing device integrates the emitted infrared heat energy almost over the entire substrate surface covered with resistance heating conductors, an excess temperature can only be determined in a general manner when all resistance heating conductors are in operation. Through the successive supply of the individual resistance heating conductors with energy, in particular, after a general excess temperature has previously been determined, the focus of the excess temperature can now be circled more closely.
  • control device can advantageously be set up to adapt the threshold value for the signal from the infrared sensor to the lower thermal energy when only one resistance heating conductor is supplied.
  • the focusing device is a lens. If there is enough space above the substrate surface in the housing in which the heating arrangement or an entire heating device is accommodated, this is a simple and inexpensive variant.
  • the lens is a Fresnel lens, as a result of which installation space can be saved.
  • the focusing device has an additional prism in addition to a lens.
  • the sensor element can be attached to the side or even on the substrate, so that less overall height is required.
  • the prism can also be a Fresnel prism.
  • the focusing device is a mirror.
  • the mirror can be integrated into a cover of the heating arrangement, for example into the cover of a housing.
  • 1 shows an electrical heating device according to the prior art
  • 2 shows a schematic representation of a control device for an electrical heating device
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an electrical heating arrangement
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment of an electrical heating arrangement
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a variant of the third embodiment of an electrical heating arrangement.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic manner, an electrical heating device 1 which is formed with an electrical heating arrangement 2 and a control device 3.
  • the control device 3 is supplied with a high supply voltage Vbat + and a low supply voltage Vbat- of a battery 4.
  • the battery 4 is a high-voltage battery and is connected to the vehicle or chassis ground GND.
  • the electrical heating arrangement 2 has a substrate 14 on which a resistance heating conductor 10 is arranged as an electrically conductive, meandering line. In the schematic representation of FIG. 1, only one resistance heating conductor 10 is indicated, but several such meandering resistance heating conductors 10 can be provided next to one another or in a matrix arrangement.
  • the resistance heating conductor or conductors 10 are connected to supply lines 7, as shown in more detail in FIG.
  • the fluid 17 flowing through the fluid housing 16 is heated due to the heating by the resistance heating conductor 10 and is intended to control the temperature of the battery 4.
  • fins 18 are formed, which a better The aim is to ensure heat transfer from the resistance heating conductors 10 to the fluid 17.
  • a first temperature sensor 11 is arranged on the substrate 14 or on the fluid housing 16 in the area of the inlet opening 5 and a second temperature sensor 12 is arranged in the area of the outlet connection 6 of the fluid housing 16.
  • a third temperature sensor 13 can be arranged on the substrate 14.
  • the temperature sensors 11, 12, 13 are connected via one or more signal lines 8 to the control unit 3, which is designed to regulate the energy supply to the resistance heating elements 10 based on the communicated temperature, so that the fluid 17 assumes a desired temperature.
  • the resistance heating conductor (s) 10 can assume different resistances in different areas, so that the temperature distribution on the substrate 14 is uneven and local overheating can therefore occur. If this does not take place in the vicinity of a temperature sensor 11, 12, 13 it is conceivable that this will not be detected and the overheating will take place for too long, so that the resistance heating conductor 10 will be damaged or even destroyed, which can lead to a total failure .
  • a focusing device is therefore provided above the surface of the substrate 14 covered with resistance heating conductors 10, which focuses the infrared radiation emitted due to the generated heat onto an infrared sensor 20.
  • the infrared sensor 20 can transmit its values to the control device 3 via the signal line 8, which is designed in particular as a digital serial signal line.
  • the focusing device can assume several forms, which are shown schematically in FIGS. 3 to 6.
  • Figures 3 to 6 each show the electrical fleece assembly 2 with the substrate 14 and thereon arranged resistance heating conductors 10.
  • a lens 19 is provided as a focusing device which focuses the infrared radiation of the resistance heating conductors 10 onto the infrared sensor 20.
  • the housing in which the electrical heating arrangement 2 is arranged it can be advantageous to use a mirror 21 instead of the lens 19, as indicated in FIG Way can also be designed as part of the housing cover.
  • the infrared radiation is reflected to the side or possibly also back onto the substrate surface via the mirror 21, as a result of which only a small overall height is achieved.
  • the same advantage can also be achieved with an additional prism 22 in FIG. 5 or with a Fresnel lens 23, as indicated in FIG.
  • the focusing devices shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 make it possible to focus the entire infrared radiation that arises on the substrate surface due to the heat generated by the resistance heating conductor 10 on a single infrared sensor 20, the control device 3 comparing the temperature value transmitted to it with a threshold value can and can therefore recognize that there is an overtemperature.
  • the control device 3 is therefore advantageously designed to successively supply the individual resistance heating conductors 10 with energy when the excess temperature is detected in the entire area of the substrate 14 and in this way to open those of the resistance heating conductors 10 that generate an excess temperature. Since only a small amount of infrared energy is emitted when energy is applied to only a single resistance heating conductor, the control device 3 is designed to adapt the threshold value accordingly for comparison with the transmitted infrared energy. The values for the threshold values can be determined in experiments and stored in the control unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de chauffage (1) électrique. Ce dispositif de chauffage (1) électrique comprend un système de chauffage (2) électrique qui comporte au moins un conducteur résistant chauffant (10) agencé sur un substrat (14) de manière plane en forme de serpentin, un dispositif de focalisation disposé sur une face de substrat recouverte par le conducteur résistant chauffant (10) et un capteur infrarouge (20) disposé dans le foyer du dispositif de focalisation, le substrat (14) étant agencé sur un logement à fluide (16) thermoconducteur comportant un raccord d'entrée (5) et un raccord de sortie (6) pour un fluide (17) à chauffer, ce dispositif de chauffage électrique comportant un dispositif de commande (3) qui comprend des raccords d'alimentation (7) lesquels sont reliés audit conducteur résistant chauffant (10) pour son alimentation électrique et qui comprend au moins un raccord d'entrée lequel est relié au capteur infrarouge (20), le dispositif de commande (3) étant conçu pour comparer un signal du capteur infrarouge (20) avec une valeur seuil prédéfinie, l'alimentation du ou des conducteur(s) résistant(s) chauffant(s) (10) étant interrompue en raison d'une température excessive lorsque la valeur du signal passe au-dessus de la valeur seuil.
PCT/EP2021/066461 2020-06-24 2021-06-17 Dispositif de chauffage électrique WO2021259764A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20465538.5 2020-06-24
EP20465538 2020-06-24
DE102020207875.0 2020-06-25
DE102020207875.0A DE102020207875A1 (de) 2020-06-24 2020-06-25 Elektrische Heizanordnung und elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit einer solchen Heizanordnung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021259764A1 true WO2021259764A1 (fr) 2021-12-30

Family

ID=72039529

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2021/066461 WO2021259764A1 (fr) 2020-06-24 2021-06-17 Dispositif de chauffage électrique

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Country Link
DE (1) DE102020207875A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021259764A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0987133A2 (fr) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-22 Mannesmann VDO Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour le réglage de la température intérieure d'un habitacle d'un véhicule automobile
EP1361089A2 (fr) * 2002-05-08 2003-11-12 Behr GmbH & Co. Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de la température d'un élément chauffant électrique
EP1459332B1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2008-11-12 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Procede pour produire une couche resistive electroconductrice et dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement
DE102011057108A1 (de) 2011-12-28 2013-07-04 Webasto Ag Elektrische Fahrzeugheizvorrichtung mit Wärmeabschirmung
WO2013121010A1 (fr) * 2012-02-16 2013-08-22 Webasto SE Chauffage de véhicule et procédé de surveillance d'un chauffage de véhicule
FR3024500A1 (fr) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-05 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de chauffage avec capteur infrarouge de temperature a microsysteme et dispositif de motorisation equipe d'un tel dispositif de chauffage

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6020576A (en) 1997-10-09 2000-02-01 Lear Automotive Dear Born, Inc. Temperature and windshield crack detector
US6355913B1 (en) 2000-05-31 2002-03-12 Gecko Electronique, Inc. Infrared sensor for hot tub spa heating element
DE102017210359A1 (de) 2017-06-21 2018-12-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Steuern einer Heizeinrichtung für ein transparentes Medium eines Fortbewegungsmittels und Fortbewegungsmittel

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0987133A2 (fr) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-22 Mannesmann VDO Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour le réglage de la température intérieure d'un habitacle d'un véhicule automobile
EP1459332B1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2008-11-12 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Procede pour produire une couche resistive electroconductrice et dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement
EP1361089A2 (fr) * 2002-05-08 2003-11-12 Behr GmbH & Co. Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de la température d'un élément chauffant électrique
DE102011057108A1 (de) 2011-12-28 2013-07-04 Webasto Ag Elektrische Fahrzeugheizvorrichtung mit Wärmeabschirmung
WO2013121010A1 (fr) * 2012-02-16 2013-08-22 Webasto SE Chauffage de véhicule et procédé de surveillance d'un chauffage de véhicule
FR3024500A1 (fr) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-05 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de chauffage avec capteur infrarouge de temperature a microsysteme et dispositif de motorisation equipe d'un tel dispositif de chauffage

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