WO2021259367A1 - 统一sql的方法、系统、设备及介质 - Google Patents

统一sql的方法、系统、设备及介质 Download PDF

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WO2021259367A1
WO2021259367A1 PCT/CN2021/102145 CN2021102145W WO2021259367A1 WO 2021259367 A1 WO2021259367 A1 WO 2021259367A1 CN 2021102145 W CN2021102145 W CN 2021102145W WO 2021259367 A1 WO2021259367 A1 WO 2021259367A1
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sql
unified
syntax
syntax tree
logical table
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姚澜
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/24Querying
    • G06F16/242Query formulation
    • G06F16/2433Query languages
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/22Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G06F16/2228Indexing structures
    • G06F16/2246Trees, e.g. B+trees
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F40/00Handling natural language data
    • G06F40/20Natural language analysis
    • G06F40/253Grammatical analysis; Style critique

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  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of SQL query, and in particular to a method, system, equipment and medium for unifying SQL.
  • the analysis system of big data applications still uses SQL as the data query and analysis language.
  • various big data open source software has all the requirements and syntax for SQL.
  • Different, such as Apache Spark SQL, Hive, etc., and large-scale MPP (Massively Parallel Processing, Massively Parallel Processing) database software has different SQL requirements and syntax, such as GreenPlum, GBase, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a unified SQL method, system, equipment, and medium, and use a set of unified standard SQL syntax to shield the differences between various data calculation engines, so that applications can use unified SQL to analyze and calculate different computing architectures. Data; At the same time, the goal of cross-platform migration of applications is achieved through the development of a unified SQL syntax.
  • a method for unifying SQL including:
  • the syntax tree is checked for legality, and warnings are given for non-standard syntax and functions.
  • the Form object of the syntax tree is a physical table or a logical table, and if it is a physical table, the syntax tree is directly translated;
  • the syntax tree is optimized according to optimization rules, and then the optimized syntax tree is translated;
  • a query SQL based on the logical table is constructed, and the query SQL queries the scene of the logical table according to query conditions, and the logical table determines that the logical table is in the view mode or according to the scene. Physical table mode.
  • the optimization rules include filtering pushdown rules and field pruning rules.
  • a unified SQL system including:
  • the definition module is set to define the grammar specification of unified SQL
  • a parsing module configured to parse the unified SQL into a syntax tree
  • the translation module is set to translate the syntax tree according to different SQL grammars to obtain multiple syntax trees
  • the anti-analysis module is configured to perform anti-analysis on the multiple syntax trees to obtain SQL strings of different databases
  • the execution module is set to submit the SQL strings of different databases to the environment for execution and return the data results.
  • system may further include:
  • the checking module is configured to perform a legality check on the syntax tree before translating the syntax tree, and give warning prompts for non-standard syntax and functions.
  • system may further include:
  • the first judgment module is configured to judge whether the Form object of the syntax tree is a physical table or a logical table after the validity check is completed;
  • the second judgment module is configured to judge whether the logical table is in view mode or physical table mode
  • the optimization module is set to optimize the syntax tree according to optimization rules when the logical table is in the view mode;
  • a combination module is created, and when the logical table is in the physical table mode, an execution plan of the real physical table is generated.
  • the second judgment module includes:
  • a query unit configured to construct a query SQL based on the logical table, and the query SQL queries a scenario of the logical table according to query conditions;
  • the judging unit is configured to judge whether the logical table is the view mode or the physical table mode according to the scene.
  • a unified SQL implementation device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and running on the processor, and the processor executes The program implements the unified SQL method provided in the foregoing embodiment.
  • a computer medium with a computer program stored on the computer medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the unified SQL method provided in the above embodiment is implemented.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for unifying SQL according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a unified SQL system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the method according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a flowchart of logical table query optimization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the module structure according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of a unified SQL method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • a unified SQL syntax specification is first defined. SQL languages such as DDL (Data Definition Language, data definition language), DQL (Data Query Language, data query language), and DML (Data Management Language, data manipulation language). Then the unified SQL is parsed into a syntax tree, the syntax analysis rules are defined, the syntax analysis of the unified SQL is realized, and the unified SQL written by the user is parsed into a syntax tree.
  • DDL Data Definition Language, data definition language
  • DQL Data Query Language, data query language
  • DML Data Management Language, data manipulation language
  • syntax tree is translated according to different SQL grammars to obtain multiple syntax trees, for example:
  • Translate according to the syntax of Spark SQL construct the syntax tree of Spark SQL, and translate according to the syntax of GreenPlum SQL at the same time, construct the syntax tree of GreenPlum SQL, and can be expanded to simultaneously translate according to other dialects of multiple database syntax. Then perform de-analysis on multiple syntax trees to obtain SQL strings for different databases, for example: parsed into Spark SQL strings, parsed into GreenPlum SQL strings at the same time, and can be parsed into SQL strings of other databases at the same time. Finally, according to the configuration of the physical environment, the corresponding SQL strings in the SQL strings parsed into different databases are submitted to the environment for execution, and the data results are returned.
  • unified SQL is used to shield users from differences in underlying storage calculations, enabling users to submit codes for execution in multiple database systems at a time, thereby achieving cross-platform migration of applications.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a unified SQL system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the functions of each module of the system refer to the method described in FIG.
  • the syntax tree is checked for legality before the syntax tree is translated, and the SQL syntax of the tree node is checked whether it is a standard syntax or a standard function.
  • syntax and function give warning prompts. As shown in Figure 3, it includes the following steps:
  • Step S200 define the grammar specification of unified SQL
  • Step S201 parse the unified SQL into a syntax tree
  • Step S202 checking the validity of the syntax tree
  • Step S203 Translate the syntax tree according to different SQL syntax to obtain multiple syntax trees
  • Step S204 De-analyze the multiple syntax trees to obtain SQL strings of different databases
  • step S205 the SQL strings of different databases are submitted to the environment for execution, and the data results are returned.
  • the difference from the above embodiment is that in this embodiment, after the legality check is completed, it is further judged whether the Form object of the syntax tree is a physical table or a logical table. If it is a physical table, the syntax tree is directly translated If it is a logical table, it is judged that the logical table is a view mode or a physical table mode. If the logical table is in the view mode, the syntax tree is optimized according to the optimization rules, and the view is not actually executed, and no calculation overhead is introduced; if the logical table is in the physical table mode, the execution plan of the real physical table is generated.
  • the specific process steps of this implementation are shown in Figure 4.
  • the optimization rules include filtering push-down and field pruning.
  • Filter push-down means that when the logical table is called, the original query conditions are pushed down to the filter conditions of the logical table, provided that the logical table must be Contains the field information in the query conditions; field pruning means that when the logical table is called, the number of fields defined in the original logical table is reduced to the number of fields that are only used by the query. This can avoid the full amount of calculation The purpose of data can save computing resources. If the logical table is in the physical table mode, the execution plan of the real physical table is generated to facilitate the calculation of the full amount of data. In this scenario, the full amount of data needs to be prepared in advance for use.
  • the schema for constructing the logical table is visible to the business.
  • the logical table can be switched according to the difference of the underlying operating environment. It may be the view mode or the physical table mode; for example: create logic table fact_mr_only as select a as cellid, b as name from ods_mr;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the system module structure of the third embodiment, that is, a schematic diagram of the module structure of a unified SQL system in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the specific implementation functions of each module can refer to the above description, and will not be repeated.

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Abstract

一种统一SQL的方法、系统、设备及介质。方法包括:定义统一SQL的语法规范(100);将所述统一SQL解析成语法树(101);依据不同的SQL语法对所述语法树进行翻译,得到多种语法树(102);对所述多种语法树进行反解析,得到不同数据库的SQL字符串(103);将不同数据库的SQL字符串提交到环境执行,并返回数据结果(104)。通过使用统一的SQL,为用户屏蔽了底层存储计算的差异,能够使用户一次编码就能在多个数据库系统中提交执行,做到应用的跨平台迁移;通过将统一SQL翻译成多种不同数据库的SQL语法,能够支持能力扩展,可兼容多种数据库。

Description

统一SQL的方法、系统、设备及介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开基于2020年6月24日提交的发明名称为“统一SQL的方法、系统、设备及介质”的中国专利申请CN202010587866.2,并且要求该专利申请的优先权,通过引用将其所公开的内容全部并入本公开。
技术领域
本公开涉及SQL查询技术领域,尤其涉及一种统一SQL的方法、系统、设备及介质。
背景技术
大数据发展的趋势认为未来更加倾向“重关联、轻采集”,即不再将数据事先采集到本地,然后通过大数据计算平台(如Hadoop、Spark)进行统一计算和分析,2018Gantner CIA(Controller Area Network In Automation)峰会和2019BDTC(Big Data Technology Conference)大会都多次提到该技术的发展。将来更多的是通过一套查询分析引擎,跨多种数据源的数据库进行联合分析,比如跨Spark、Greenplum、Hive等综合查询,并且能根据数据的特征智能下推算子到合适的计算引擎上。
现在大数据应用的分析系统还是以SQL作为数据查询分析语言,但是由于底层存储计算架构的差异、计算模型的差异、数据格式的差异等原因,各种大数据开源软件对SQL的要求和语法都不一样,比如Apache Spark SQL、Hive等,以及大型MPP(MassivelyParallelProcessing,大规模并行处理)数据库软件的SQL要求和语法也不一样,比如GreenPlum、GBase等。
基于场景考虑,应用系统针对存储计算成本的差异会采用不同的组件部署策略,在大规模场景下采用大数据平台的Spark、Hive等作为计算引擎,而在小规模场采用GreenPlum、GBase等作为计算引擎,而应用的业务软件、代码使用不同的版本时,开发效率低且人力消耗大。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供了一种统一SQL的方法、系统、设备及介质,通过一套统一标准的SQL语法屏蔽对各种不同数据计算引擎的差异,使得应用能够使用统一SQL分析计算不同计算架构的数据;同时,通过统一SQL语法开发来实现应用可跨平台迁移的目标。
根据本公开的一个实施例,提供了一种统一SQL的方法,包括:
定义统一SQL的语法规范;
将所述统一SQL解析成语法树;
依据不同的SQL语法对所述语法树进行翻译,得到多种语法树;
对所述多种语法树进行反解析,得到不同数据库的SQL字符串;
将不同数据库的SQL字符串提交到环境执行,并返回数据结果。
在一示例性实施例中,对所述语法树进行翻译前,对所述语法树进行合法性检查,对于非标准的语法和函数给出告警提示。
在一示例性实施例中,所述合法性检查完成后,判断所述语法树的Form对象是物理表或逻辑表,若为物理表则直接对所述语法树进行翻译;
若为逻辑表则判断所述逻辑表为视图模式或物理表模式,若为视图模式则根据优化规则对所述语法树进行优化,然后对优化后的语法树进行翻译;
若所述逻辑表为物理表模式,则生成真实物理表的执行计划。
在一示例性实施例中,构造基于所述逻辑表的查询SQL,所述查询SQL根据查询条件查询所述逻辑表的场景,所述逻辑表根据所述场景判断所述逻辑表为视图模式或物理表模式。
在一示例性实施例中,所述优化规则包括过滤下推规则和字段剪枝规则。
根据本公开的另一个实施例,还提供了一种统一SQL的系统,包括:
定义模块,设置为定义统一SQL的语法规范;
解析模块,设置为将所述统一SQL解析成语法树;
翻译模块,设置为依据不同的SQL语法对所述语法树进行翻译,得到多种语法树;
反解析模块,设置为对所述多种语法树进行反解析,得到不同数据库的SQL字符串;
执行模块,设置为将不同数据库的SQL字符串提交到环境执行,并返回数据结果。
在一示例性实施例中,该系统还可包括:
检查模块,设置为对所述语法树进行翻译前,所述检查模块对所述语法树进行合法性检查,对于非标准的语法和函数给出告警提示。
在一示例性实施例中,该系统还可包括:
第一判断模块,设置为在所述合法性检查完成后,判断所述语法树的Form对象是物理表或逻辑表;
第二判断模块,设置为判断所述逻辑表为视图模式或物理表模式;
优化模块,设置为所述逻辑表为视图模式时,根据优化规则对所述语法树进行优化;
创建组合模块,设置为所述逻辑表为物理表模式时,生成真实物理表的执行计划。
在一示例性实施例中,所述第二判断模块包括:
查询单元,设置为构造基于所述逻辑表的查询SQL,所述查询SQL根据查询条件查询所述逻辑表的场景;
判断单元,设置为根据所述场景判断所述逻辑表为视图模式或物理表模式。
根据本公开的又一个实施例,还提供了一种统一SQL的实现设备,包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述程序时实现上述实施例提供的统一SQL的方法。
根据本申请的又一个实施例,还提供了一种计算机介质,所述计算机介质上存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述实施例提供的统一SQL的方法。
附图说明
图1为根据本公开实施例的统一SQL的方法流程图;
图2为根据本公开实施例的统一SQL的系统示意图;
图3为根据本公开实施例一的方法流程图;
图4为根据本公开实施例二的方法流程图;
图5为根据本公开实施例的逻辑表查询优化的流程图;
图6为根据本公开实施例三的模块结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本公开技术方案进行详细说明。在本公开的描述中,需要理解地是,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量,仅用来区分不同的组成部分。
图1为本公开实施例的统一SQL的方法流程图,如图1所示,首先定义统一SQL的语法规范,例如采用SQL 99为基础,对多种SQL标准语法进行兼容,为用户提供统一的DDL(Data Definition Language,数据定义语言)、DQL(Data Query Language,数据查询语言)、DML(Data Manipulation Language,数据操作语言)等SQL语言。然后将统一SQL解析成语法树,定义语法解析规则,实现统一SQL的语法解析,将用户编写的统一SQL解析成语法树。
依据不同的SQL语法对所述语法树进行翻译,得到多种语法树,例如:
按照Spark SQL的语法进行翻译,构造Spark SQL的语法树,同时按照GreenPlum SQL的语法进行翻译,构造GreenPlum SQL的语法树,并可扩展为同时按照其它多种数据库语法的方言进行翻译。然后对多种语法树进行反解析,得到不同数据库的SQL字符串,例如:解析为Spark SQL的字符串,同时解析为GreenPlum的SQL字符串,并可同时解析为其他数据库的SQL字符串。最后根据物理环境的配置,将解析成不同数据库的SQL字符串中对应的SQL字符串提交到环境执行,并返回数据结果。
在本实施例中,通过使用统一的SQL,从而为用户屏蔽了底层存储计算的差异,能够使用户一次编码就能在多个数据库系统中提交执行,从而做到应用的跨平台迁移。另外,在本实施例中,通过将统一SQL翻译成多种不同数据库的SQL语法,能够支持能力扩展,可兼容多种数据库
图2为本公开实施例的统一SQL的系统示意图,如图2所示,该系统各模块的作用参考图1所述的方法,不再赘述。
实施例一
与上述实施例不相同的是,在本实施例中,在对语法树进行翻译前对语法树进行合法性检查,对树节点的SQL语法校验是否为标准语法或者标准函数,对于非标准的语法和函数给出告警提示。如图3所示包括如下步骤:
步骤S200,定义统一SQL的语法规范;
步骤S201,将所述统一SQL解析成语法树;
步骤S202,对语法树进合法性检查;
步骤S203,依据不同的SQL语法对所述语法树进行翻译,得到多种语法树;
步骤S204,对所述多种语法树进行反解析,得到不同数据库的SQL字符串;
步骤S205,将不同数据库的SQL字符串提交到环境执行,并返回数据结果。
实施例二
与上述实施例不相同的是,在本实施例中,在合法性检查完成后,进一步判断语法树的表单(Form)对象是物理表或逻辑表,若为物理表则直接对语法树进行翻译,若为逻辑表则判断该逻辑表为视图模式或物理表模式。若逻辑表为视图模式则根据优化规则对语法树进行优化,且视图并不会真正的被执行,不引入计算开销;若逻辑表为物理表模式,则生成真实物理表的执行计划。本实施的具体的流程步骤如图4所示。
在本实施例中,优化规则包括过滤下推和字段剪枝,过滤下推是指逻辑表被调用时,将 原有的查询条件下推到逻辑表的过滤条件当中,前提是逻辑表中必须包含查询条件中的字段信息;字段剪枝是指逻辑表在被调用时,将原有逻辑表中定义的字段数,裁减为只被查询用到的字段数,这样做即能达到避免计算全量数据的目的,又能节省计算资源。如果逻辑表是物理表模式,则生成真实物理表的执行计划,以便于计算全量数据,这种场景下需要提前准备好全量数据供应用使用。
在本实施例中,使用逻辑表的方式实现查询优化的流程如图5所示,具体如下:
(1)构建逻辑表的模式(schema),对业务可见的是逻辑表,逻辑表可以根据底层运行环境的差异进行切换,可能是视图模式也可能是物理表模式;比如:create logic table fact_mr_only as select a as cellid,b as name from ods_mr;
(2)构造一个基于逻辑表的查询SQL,只查询逻辑表中的部分字段,比如逻辑表中有2个字段,但查询语句中只查出1个字段;并且查询条件中增加某个过滤条件,比如筛选出小区ID等于1的记录:select cellid fromfact_mr_only where cellid=1;
(3)根据场景判断逻辑表是否为视图模式,如果需要节省计算资源及延时计算,则采用视图模式,如果需要全量计算则采用物理表模式,提前准备好全量数据;
(4)如果是视图模式,则要经过过滤下推、字段剪枝等处理,在执行查询SQL后才会引入计算,将查询语句展开后是:select cellid from(select a as cellid from ods_mrwhere cellid=1);如果是物理表模式,则首先会创建具有cellid、name两个字段的表fact_mr_only,并且将ods_mr表中的a、b字段值插入到fact_mr_only表中;
(5)最后提交SQL语句到计算引擎中的,返回执行结果。
实施例三
图6为实施例三的系统模块结构示意图,即本公开实施例的统一SQL的系统的模块结构示意图,在本实施例中,各个模块的具体实现功能可参考上述描述,不再赘述。
以上为本公开示范性实施例,本公开的保护范围由权利要求书及其等效物限定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种统一SQL的方法,包括:
    定义统一SQL的语法规范;
    将所述统一SQL解析成语法树;
    依据不同的SQL语法对所述语法树进行翻译,得到多种语法树;
    对所述多种语法树进行反解析,得到不同数据库的SQL字符串;
    将不同数据库的SQL字符串提交到环境执行,并返回数据结果。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的统一SQL的方法,其中,对所述语法树进行翻译前,对所述语法树进行合法性检查,对于非标准的语法和函数给出告警提示。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的统一SQL的方法,其中,所述合法性检查完成后,判断所述语法树的表单Form对象是物理表或逻辑表,若为物理表则直接对所述语法树进行翻译;
    若为逻辑表则判断所述逻辑表为视图模式或物理表模式,若为视图模式则根据优化规则对所述语法树进行优化,然后对优化后的语法树进行翻译;
    若所述逻辑表为物理表模式,则生成真实物理表的执行计划。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的统一SQL的方法,其中,构造基于所述逻辑表的查询SQL,所述查询SQL根据查询条件查询所述逻辑表的场景,根据所述场景判断所述逻辑表为视图模式或物理表模式。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的统一SQL的方法,其中,所述优化规则包括过滤下推规则和字段剪枝规则。
  6. 一种统一SQL的系统,包括:
    定义模块,设置为定义统一SQL的语法规范;
    解析模块,设置为将所述统一SQL解析成语法树;
    翻译模块,设置为依据不同的SQL语法对所述语法树进行翻译,得到多种语法树;
    反解析模块,设置为对所述多种语法树进行反解析,得到不同数据库的SQL字符串;
    执行模块,设置为将不同数据库的SQL字符串提交到环境执行,并返回数据结果。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的统一SQL的系统,其中,所述系统还包括:
    检查模块,设置为对所述语法树进行翻译前,所述检查模块对所述语法树进行合法性检查,对于非标准的语法和函数给出告警提示。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的统一SQL的系统,其中,所述系统还包括:
    第一判断模块,设置为在所述合法性检查完成后,判断所述语法树的表单Form对象是物理表或逻辑表;
    第二判断模块,设置为判断所述逻辑表为视图模式或物理表模式;
    优化模块,设置为所述逻辑表为视图模式时,根据优化规则对所述语法树进行优化;
    创建组合模块,设置为所述逻辑表为物理表模式时,生成真实物理表的执行计划。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的统一SQL的系统,其中,所述第二判断模块包括:
    查询单元,设置为构造基于所述逻辑表的查询SQL,所述查询SQL根据查询条件查询所述逻辑表的场景;
    判断单元,设置为根据所述场景判断所述逻辑表为视图模式或物理表模式。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的统一SQL的系统,其中,所述优化规则包括过滤下推规则和字段剪枝规则。
  11. 一种统一SQL的实现设备,包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述程序时实现如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的统一SQL的方法。
  12. 一种计算机介质,所述计算机介质上存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的统一SQL的方法。
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