WO2021254474A1

WO2021254474A1 - Network measurement method and apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2021254474A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/100828
Authority: WO
Inventors: 许延伟; 黄群; 孙海锋
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2020-06-19
Filing date: 2021-06-18
Publication date: 2021-12-23
Also published as: CN113824606A; CN113824606B

Abstract

The present application provides a network measurement method and apparatus, used for solving the problem in the prior art that complete accuracy and low resource overhead cannot both be achieved in network measurement. The network measurement method comprises: a source host acquires a host index, a first time window, and a switch index corresponding to a stream to be sent, adds to a first packet the host index, the switch index, and the first time window to obtain a second packet, and sends the second packet to a destination host by means of a switch corresponding to the switch index; and updates, according to the second packet, the stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window, the first packet being any packet comprised in the stream. The addition of the first time window to the second packet enables entities in the entire network to be based on the same time window when updating the stream value of the stream to which the second packet belongs, such that complete accuracy of network measurement can be achieved, and the source host only needs to update the stream value, thereby achieving low resource overhead.

Description

Network measurement method and device

Cross-references to related applications

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China, the application number is 202010565111.2, and the application name is "a network measurement method and device" on June 19, 2020. The entire content is incorporated herein by reference. Applying.

Technical field

This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a network measurement method and device.

Background technique

As the scale of the data center becomes larger and larger, there are more and more equipment in the data center, the network link rate is continuously increasing, and the network traffic is also increasing sharply. In order to know the performance of the data center in time, whether there is an abnormality or whether there is a fault, a network measurement system is usually used to monitor the data center. The network measurement system needs to have both low resource overhead and complete accuracy. Low resource overhead means that different network entities have different constraints on resources such as central processing unit (CPU), memory, and bandwidth. The network measurement system guarantees data packets in the network when these constraints are met. It can be forwarded normally. Network entities include, for example, hosts, switches, etc., where the host has rich resources, but the network has poor visibility, and packet processing is slow; the switch has high throughput and low latency, but has limited resources. Complete accuracy means that the network measurement system can track all the traffic of all network entities, that is, no information will be lost; moreover, the flow key and flow value of each flow tracked are the same as the actual flow key and flow value. Among them, the flow The key can uniquely identify a flow, and the flow value is the measurement result of the flow, for example, the size of the flow, the number of packets included in the flow, and so on. Generally, low resource overhead and full accuracy are mutually exclusive, that is, full accuracy cannot be satisfied when low resource overhead is achieved, and low resource overhead cannot be satisfied when full accuracy is achieved.

In the prior art, in order to balance resource overhead and complete accuracy, a network measurement system can use the following two methods to measure data centers. The first method is to use approximate algorithms, which include Sketch technology, top-k counting and sampling algorithms. Take Sketch technology as an example. Sketch technology is based on a sketch-based measurement technology that maps massive high-latitude data information to a small linear subspace (usually two-dimensional), which is composed of a specific data structure. . That is, by designing a specific mapping method and data structure, the operation of the original high-dimensional space can be better maintained in a smaller linear subspace. The second method is to use event matching. Event matching refers to selecting the flow that the user needs from the original flow according to the network measurement task issued by the user in advance, that is, collecting, processing and transmitting the flow that the user needs, which can reduce the measurement flow. quantity.

However, because method one uses an approximate algorithm, it still cannot guarantee complete accuracy, and the parameter setting of the summary measurement technique is more complicated. The second method only focuses on part of the traffic in the network, which has low resource overhead, but may lose important information about the flow, especially when used for network anomaly detection, the complete accuracy of the flow is particularly important.

Summary of the invention

This application provides a network measurement method and device, which are used to ensure that in the network measurement process, both low resource overhead and complete accuracy can be achieved.

In the first aspect, this application provides a network measurement method. The method includes a source host acquiring a host index, a first time window, and a switch index corresponding to the stream to be sent, and adding the host index, the switch index, and the first packet to the first message. Time window, get the second message, send the second message to the destination host through the switch corresponding to the switch index, and update the flow value corresponding to the host index and the first time window according to the second message, the first message Any message included for the flow.

Based on this scheme, the source host can obtain the flow value and flow key of each flow initiated, and add the first time window to the first message, which can ensure that the same message is in the entire network (from the source host to the switch to the destination). The host) is located in the same time window during the forwarding process. Regardless of whether the time window maintained locally by the switch or the destination host is consistent with the first time window, all the first packets of a flow are used in the entire network transmission process. The first time window field in the second message determines the flow value that needs to be updated. In this way, the complete accuracy of the flow can be achieved, and the respective resource advantages of the host and the switch can be fully utilized. Furthermore, the second message carries a host index, the host index is relatively small, and the memory occupied by the second message received by the switch is also relatively small; moreover, the switch does not need to record the flow key, only the flow value needs to be updated, thus Helps achieve low resource overhead.

In a possible implementation manner, the source host may add the host index, and/or, switch index, and/or, the first time window between the Ethernet header of the first message and the network protocol IP header to obtain The second message. In this way, the network layer and the transport layer of the host do not need to verify the content between the Ethernet packet header and the IP packet header, thereby saving the overhead caused by the verification.

In a possible implementation manner, when the source host updates the stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window, the stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window can be added by 1; or, the source host also The size of the second packet may be added to the host index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window.

In a possible implementation, when updating the stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window, the source host may determine the first record slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, and the first The recording slot group includes multiple recording slots; the source host determines the first recording slot corresponding to the host index in the first recording slot group according to the host index; the source host adds 1 to the stream value recorded in the first recording slot, or The flow value recorded in the first recording slot plus the size of the second packet.

In a possible implementation, when the source host obtains the host index corresponding to the stream to be sent, it can perform a hash operation on the stream key of the stream, determine the position of the stream key in the hash table according to the result of the operation, and determine the determined position Index for the host. In this way, it helps to save the storage space of the stream key.

In a possible implementation manner, the source host may determine the local time window as the first time window.

In a possible implementation manner, the source host may also receive a third message from the controller, and the third message includes a second time window; if the source host determines that the second time window is greater than the local time window, the local time window Update to the second time window.

In a possible implementation manner, if the source host determines that the local time window enters a new time window, it can update the local time window to the new time window and send the new time window to the controller.

The source host and the controller interact with their respective local time windows, which helps to realize the time window synchronization between the source host and the controller in the entire network.

In a possible implementation manner, the source host may determine the M switch indexes that the controller divides for the source host in advance, the M switch indexes are different from each other, and M is an integer greater than 1; the source host is from the M switch indexes, Select N switch indexes, determine the N switch indexes as the switch indexes of the flow to be sent, and N is an integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to M.

Since the source host obtains the switch index corresponding to the flow is pre-allocated by the controller, it helps to eliminate conflicts between the flows of different source hosts on the switch forwarding; moreover, the controller divides the switch index for the source host in advance, and the source host It is not necessary to request the controller to allocate a switch index for the initiated flow every time a flow is initiated, thereby saving the cost of message interaction between the source host and the controller.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a network measurement method. The method includes a switch receiving a second message from a source host, the second message including a host index, a first time window, and a switch index; the switch corresponds to the switch index; the switch The second message is forwarded to the destination host; the switch updates the flow value recorded corresponding to the switch index and the first time window according to the second message.

In a possible implementation manner, when the switch updates the flow value recorded corresponding to the switch index and the first time window, the switch index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window may be increased by 1; or, the switch may also add 1 to the flow value recorded corresponding to the switch index and the first time window. The index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window plus the size of the second message.

In a possible implementation manner, when the switch updates the flow value recorded corresponding to the switch index and the first time window, it may determine the second record slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, and the second record The slot group includes a plurality of recording slots; the switch determines the second recording slot corresponding to the switch index in the second recording slot group according to the switch index; the switch adds 1 to the flow value recorded in the second recording slot, or adds the second record The flow value recorded by the slot plus the size of the second message.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a network measurement method. The method includes a destination host receiving a second message from a source host forwarded by a switch. The second message includes a host index, a first time window, and a switch index. The switch and the switch Index correspondence; the destination host updates the flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window according to the second message.

In a possible implementation manner, when the destination host updates the stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window, the host index and the stream value recorded corresponding to the first time window may be increased by 1; The index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window plus the size of the second message.

In a possible implementation manner, when the destination host updates the stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window, the third record slot group corresponding to the first time window may be determined according to the first time window, and the third The record slot group includes multiple record slots; the destination host determines the third record slot corresponding to the host index in the third record slot group according to the host index; the destination host adds 1 to the stream value recorded in the third record slot, or The flow value recorded in the third recording slot plus the size of the second packet.

In a possible implementation manner, if the destination host determines that the first time window is greater than the local time window, the local time window may be updated to the first time window.

In a possible implementation manner, the destination host may also receive a third message from the controller, and the third message includes a second time window; if the destination host determines that the second time window is greater than the local time window, the local The time window is updated to the second time window.

In a possible implementation manner, if the destination host determines that the local time window enters a new time window, it can update the local time window to the new time window and send the new time window to the controller.

Through the destination host and the controller interacting with their respective local time windows, it is helpful to realize the time window synchronization between the destination host and the controller in the entire network.

In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a network measurement method. The method includes that at the end of the first time window, the controller obtains the first flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the source host for the flow to be measured, and Obtain the second flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the destination host; where the flow is sent from the source host to the destination host, and the host index is determined according to the flow; the controller determines the first flow value and the second flow value When they are inconsistent, it is determined that packet loss occurs in the flow.

Based on this solution, after the first time window ends, the controller obtains the flow values recorded on the network source host and the destination host once, which helps to reduce the bandwidth pressure of the controller. Moreover, for the flow to be measured, it can be determined whether packet loss occurs according to the first flow value recorded on the source host and the second flow value recorded on the destination host.

In a possible implementation manner, when the controller obtains the first stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the source host for the stream to be measured, it may first determine the first stream value corresponding to the first time window in the source host. A record slot group; and then determine the first record slot corresponding to the host index in the first record slot group, and then determine the first stream value recorded in the first record slot. Correspondingly, when the controller obtains the second stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the destination host, it may first determine the third record slot group corresponding to the first time window in the destination host; The third recording slot corresponding to the host index is determined in the slot group, and then the second stream value recorded in the third recording slot is determined.

In a possible implementation, the controller may also determine the second record slot group in the switch corresponding to the first time window; the switch is used to forward the stream from the source host to the destination host; the controller is in the second record slot Determine the N second recording slots corresponding to the switch index of the switch in the group, and determine the third stream values recorded in the N second recording slots, where N is an integer greater than 1; the controller according to the first stream value, the second stream value The flow value and N third flow values determine the number of lost packets of the flow on the switch.

In a possible implementation manner, the controller may divide switch indexes that are different from each other for the source host and the destination host.

In a possible implementation manner, the controller may also broadcast a third message to the source host and the destination host, and the third message includes the second time window.

In a possible implementation, the controller receives a new time window from the source host or the destination host; if the controller determines that the received new time window is larger than the local time window, it can update the local time window to the new time window.

The source host, destination host, and controller interact with their respective local time windows, which helps to achieve time window synchronization among entities in the entire network.

In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a network measurement device that has the function of realizing the source host in the first aspect mentioned above, or is used to realize the function of the switch in the second aspect mentioned above, or is used to realize the third aspect mentioned above The function of the destination host in the. This function can be realized by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more devices or modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.

In a possible implementation manner, the device may be a source host, a switch, or a destination host. The device may include: a communication interface and a processor. The processor may be configured to support the communication device to perform the corresponding functions of the terminal device shown above, and the communication interface is used to support the communication between the communication device and the network device and other terminal devices. Wherein, the communication interface can be an independent receiver, an independent transmitter, a communication interface with integrated transceiver functions, or an interface circuit. Optionally, the communication device may further include a memory, the memory may be coupled with the processor, and the memory may be coupled with the processor, and the memory may store necessary program instructions and data of the communication device.

In a possible implementation manner, the device may be a source host, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the description of the first aspect above, which will not be repeated here. Among them, the processor is used to obtain the host index, the first time window, and the switch index corresponding to the stream to be sent, and add the host index, the switch index, and the first time window to the first message to obtain the second message. A message is any message included in the flow; the communication interface is used to send a second message to the destination host through the switch corresponding to the switch index; the processor is also used to update the host index and the first message according to the second message. The time window corresponds to the recorded flow value.

In a possible implementation manner, the processor is specifically configured to add the host index, and/or, switch index, and/or, the first time window between the Ethernet header of the first message and the network protocol IP header , Get the second message.

In a possible implementation, the processor is specifically configured to add 1 to the host index and the stream value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or, to add the host index and the stream value recorded corresponding to the first time window to the second report. The size of the text.

In a possible implementation manner, the processor is specifically configured to determine the first recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the first recording slot group includes a plurality of recording slots; according to the host index, The first recording slot corresponding to the host index is determined in the first recording slot group; the stream value recorded in the first recording slot is increased by 1, or the stream value recorded in the first recording slot is added to the size of the second packet.

In a possible implementation manner, the processor is specifically configured to perform a hash operation on the stream key of the stream, determine the position of the stream key in the hash table according to the result of the operation, and determine the position as the host index.

In another possible implementation manner, the device may be a switch, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the description of the second aspect above, which will not be repeated here. Wherein, the communication interface is used to receive a second message from the source host, the second message includes the host index, the first time window and the switch index, and the second message is forwarded to the destination host, and the switch corresponds to the switch index; processing The device is used to update the flow value recorded corresponding to the switch index and the first time window according to the second message.

In a possible implementation manner, the processor is specifically configured to add 1 to the switch index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or, to add the second packet to the switch index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window the size of.

In a possible implementation manner, the processor is specifically configured to determine a second recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the second recording slot group includes multiple recording slots; according to the switch index, The second recording slot corresponding to the switch index is determined in the second recording slot group; the flow value recorded in the second recording slot is increased by 1, or the flow value recorded in the second recording slot is added to the size of the second packet.

In another possible implementation manner, the device may be a destination host, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the description of the third aspect above, which will not be repeated here. The communication interface is used to receive the second message from the source host forwarded by the switch. The second message includes the host index, the first time window, and the switch index; the switch corresponds to the switch index; the processor is used to update and The host index and the first time window correspond to the recorded stream value.

In a possible implementation manner, the processor is specifically configured to add 1 to the host index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or, to add the second packet to the host index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window the size of.

In a possible implementation manner, the processor is specifically configured to determine a third recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the third recording slot group including multiple recording slots; according to the host index, The third recording slot corresponding to the host index is determined in the third recording slot group; the stream value recorded in the third recording slot is increased by 1, or the stream value recorded in the third recording slot is added to the size of the second packet.

In another possible implementation manner, the device may be a controller, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the description of the fourth aspect above, which will not be repeated here. The processor cooperates with the communication interface to end the first time window, obtain the first stream value corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the source host for the stream to be measured, and obtain the host index and the first stream value from the destination host. A time window corresponds to the recorded second flow value; where the flow is sent from the source host to the destination host, and the host index is determined according to the flow; the processor is used to determine that when the first flow value and the second flow value are inconsistent, determine that the flow has packet loss .

In a possible implementation manner, the communication interface is specifically used to obtain from the source host the correspondence between the record slot and the stream value corresponding to the first record slot group corresponding to the first time window; the processor is specifically used to determine the index to the host Corresponding to the first recording slot, and determine the first stream value corresponding to the first recording slot; the communication interface is specifically used to obtain the corresponding relationship between the recording slot and the stream value corresponding to the third recording slot group corresponding to the first time window from the destination host ; The processor is specifically configured to determine the third recording slot corresponding to the host index, and determine the second stream value corresponding to the third recording slot.

In a possible implementation, the communication interface is also used to obtain the correspondence between the recording slot and the flow value corresponding to the second recording slot group corresponding to the first time window from the switch; the processor is also used to determine the correspondence with the switch index And determine the third flow value corresponding to the N second recording slots, and determine the number of lost packets in the switch according to the first flow value, the second flow value and the N third flow value, N is an integer greater than 1.

In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a network measurement device that has the function of realizing the source host in the first aspect mentioned above, or is used to realize the function of the switch in the second aspect mentioned above, or is used to realize the third aspect mentioned above The function of the destination host in the. This function can be realized by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.

In a possible implementation, the device may be a source host, a switch, or a destination host. The device may include a processing module and a transceiver module. These modules can perform the corresponding functions of the terminal device in the above method example. For details, refer to the method example The detailed description is not repeated here.

In a possible implementation manner, the device may be a source host, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the description of the first aspect above, which will not be repeated here. The processing module is used to obtain the host index, the first time window, and the switch index corresponding to the stream to be sent, and add the host index, the switch index, and the first time window to the first message to obtain the second message. The message is any message included in the flow; the transceiver module is used to send a second message to the destination host through the switch corresponding to the switch index; the processing module is also used to update the host index and the first time window corresponding to the second message The recorded stream value.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module is specifically configured to: add the host index, and/or, switch index, and/or, the first time window to one of the Ethernet header of the first message and the network protocol IP header In time, the second message is obtained.

In a possible implementation, the processing module is specifically configured to add 1 to the host index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or, to add the second packet to the host index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window the size of.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module is specifically configured to determine the first recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the first recording slot group includes a plurality of recording slots; according to the host index, The first recording slot corresponding to the host index is determined in the first recording slot group; the stream value recorded in the first recording slot is increased by 1, or the stream value recorded in the first recording slot is added to the size of the second packet.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module is specifically configured to perform a hash operation on the stream key of the stream, determine the position of the stream key in the hash table according to the result of the operation, and determine the position as the host index.

In another possible implementation manner, the device may be a switch, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the description of the second aspect above, which will not be repeated here. Among them, the transceiver module is used to receive a second message from the source host, the second message includes the host index, the first time window and the switch index, and forwards the second message to the destination host, the switch corresponds to the switch index; processing The module is used to update the flow value recorded corresponding to the switch index and the first time window according to the second message.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module is specifically configured to add 1 to the switch index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or, to add the second packet to the switch index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window the size of.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module is specifically configured to determine a second recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the second recording slot group includes multiple recording slots; according to the switch index, The second recording slot corresponding to the switch index is determined in the second recording slot group; the flow value recorded in the second recording slot is increased by 1, or the flow value recorded in the second recording slot is added to the size of the second packet.

In another possible implementation manner, the device may be a destination host, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the description of the third aspect above, which will not be repeated here. Wherein, the transceiver module is used to receive a second message from the source host forwarded by the switch, the second message includes a host index, a first time window, and a switch index; the switch corresponds to the switch index; the processing module is used to respond to the second message , Update the stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing module is specifically configured to determine a third recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the third recording slot group including multiple recording slots; according to the host index, The third recording slot corresponding to the host index is determined in the third recording slot group; the stream value recorded in the third recording slot is increased by 1, or the stream value recorded in the third recording slot is added to the size of the second packet.

In another possible implementation manner, the device may be a controller, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the description of the fourth aspect above, which will not be repeated here. Among them, the processing module cooperates with the transceiver module to end the first time window, obtain from the source host the first stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window for the flow to be measured, and obtain the host index from the destination host The second flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window; where the flow is sent from the source host to the destination host, and the host index is determined according to the flow; the processing module is also used to determine that the first flow value and the second flow value are inconsistent, to determine that the flow occurs Packet loss.

In a possible implementation, the processing module is specifically configured to determine the first recording slot group corresponding to the first time window in the source host; determine the first recording slot corresponding to the host index in the first recording slot group, and Determine the first stream value recorded in the first recording slot; determine the third recording slot group in the destination host corresponding to the first time window; determine the third recording slot corresponding to the host index in the third recording slot group, and determine the first The second stream value recorded in the three recording slots.

In a possible implementation, the processing module is also used to determine a second record slot group corresponding to the first time window in the switch, and the switch is used to forward the stream from the source host to the destination host; in the second record slot group Determine the N second recording slots corresponding to the switch index, and determine the third stream value recorded by the N second recording slots, and determine the stream according to the first stream value, the second stream value, and the N third stream values The number of lost packets on the switch, N is an integer greater than 1.

In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a communication system, which includes a source host, a switch, a destination host, and a controller. Wherein, the source host can be used to execute any method in the first aspect or the first aspect, the switch can be used to execute any method in the second aspect or the second aspect, and the destination host can be used to execute the method described above. In the third aspect or any one of the third aspects, the controller can be used to execute any one of the foregoing fourth or fourth aspects.

In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium in which a computer program or instruction is stored. When the computer program or instruction is executed by a network measurement device, the device executes the first aspect or the first aspect described above. The method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, or causes the device to execute the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, or causes the device to execute the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect The method in the implementation manner, or the apparatus is caused to execute the fourth aspect or the method in any possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect.

In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program or instruction, when the computer program or instruction is executed by a network measurement device, realize the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible realization of the first aspect The method in the method, or the method in any possible implementation manner of the foregoing second aspect or the second aspect, or the method in any possible implementation manner of the foregoing third aspect or the third aspect, or the foregoing fourth aspect Aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of a strong consistency model provided by this application;

Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of a weak consistency model provided by this application;

Figure 1c is a schematic diagram of a nearly strong consistency model provided by this application;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a network measurement system provided by this application;

Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of a module deployed in a host provided by this application;

Figure 3b is a schematic diagram of a module deployed in a switch provided by this application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the method flow of a network measurement method provided by this application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second message provided by this application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a method for synchronizing a time window provided by this application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the method flow of another time window synchronization method provided by this application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a network measurement device provided by this application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a network measurement device provided by this application.

detailed description

The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Hereinafter, some terms in this application will be explained. It should be noted that these explanations are for ease of understanding by those skilled in the art, and do not limit the scope of protection required by this application.

1) Hash table

Hash table, also known as hash table, is a data structure that is directly accessed based on the key value. In other words, access records by mapping the key code value to a location in the table to speed up the search. This mapping function is called a hash function, and the array storing records is called a hash table.

For example, given a table M, there is a function f(key), for any given key value key, if the address of the record in the table containing the key can be obtained after substituting the function into the function, then the table M is called a hash table , The function f is a hash (Hash) function.

2) Consistency model

Consistency models include strong consistency models, weak consistency models and nearly strong consistency models.

The strong consistency model means that the boundaries of the time window (referring to a period of time or time slice) of each entity in the network are aligned, and all entities in the network observe the same message within the same time window. Refer to the schematic diagram of a strong consistency model shown in Figure 1a.

The weak consistency model synchronizes the time windows between each entity in a best-effort manner. The time windows between each entity may be staggered, and different entities may observe the same in different time windows. For a message, refer to the schematic diagram of a weak consistency model shown in Figure 1b.

Nearly strong consistency model means that strong consistency can be guaranteed most of the time, and weak consistency can be guaranteed in extreme time (tens of microseconds). Please refer to the schematic diagram of a nearly strong consistency model shown in Figure 1c. .

3) Five-tuple

The quintuple usually refers to a source network protocol (Internet protocol, IP) address, source port, destination IP address, destination port, and transport layer protocol (such as transfer control protocol (TCP)). The five-tuple can distinguish different streams. For example, 192.168.1.1 10000 TCP 121.14.88.76 80 constitutes a five-tuple, which means that a communication device with an IP address of 192.168.1.1 uses port 10000, using TCP protocol, and an IP address of 121.14.88.76, port Connect for 80 communication devices.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a network measurement system applicable to this application. As shown in Figure 2, the network measurement system may include a host, a switch, and a controller. Fig. 2 takes the network measurement system including three switches 101 and four hosts 102 as an example. Among them, the host 102 has abundant memory resources and can flexibly implement various measurement algorithms. The switch 101 can achieve ultra-high throughput (e.g., up to one million megabits per second) and ultra-low processing delay (up to sub-microseconds). The controller can coordinate all entities in the network, such as the host 102 and the switch 101, to obtain a global network view. It should be understood that the controller may be a logical entity or an independent physical device, and may also be integrated in all hosts 102 and switches 101 in the entire network. If the controller is an independent physical device, the controller can be separately connected to the switch 101 and the host 102 in the entire network.

It should be noted that the network measurement system shown in FIG. 2 is only a schematic diagram, and the network measurement system may also include other devices, such as relay devices, which are not shown in FIG. 2. This application does not limit the number of hosts, switches, and controllers included in the network measurement system.

As shown in Figure 3a, a schematic diagram of a module deployed in a host provided by this application. A number of slot groups are maintained on the host, and each slot group includes at least one slot. In a possible implementation, the host includes an exit groove area and an entry groove area. In Figure 3a, the exit groove area includes a groove group A and a groove group B, and the entry groove area includes a groove group. C and record slot group D. One time window corresponds to one record slot group, that is, in this time window, all stream value updates only use the corresponding record slot group. For example, time window 1 corresponds to record slot group A, time window 2 corresponds to record slot group B, time window 3 corresponds to record slot group C, and time window 4 corresponds to record slot group D. Further, optionally, the host may include a stream key tracking module, a stream matching module, a stream value update module, and a time window synchronization module. Among them, the flow key tracking module is used to perform flow key tracking operations on the flow (active flow) initiated by the host. For example, if the host initiates a new flow, the flow key tracking module can determine the flow key (such as a five-tuple) of the flow. And store the stream key in the hash table. The flow matching module is used to match packets of a flow, that is, packets of the same flow are matched to the flow. The stream value update module may include an exit record slot area and an entry record slot area. When the host is the source host, the flow value update module is used to record the flow value of the flow sent by the source host. Exemplarily, the recording slot group A is used to record the stream value of each stream sent by the source host in the time window 1, and the recording slot group B is used to record the stream value of each stream sent by the source host in the time window 2. When the host is the destination host, the flow value update module can be used to record the flow value of each flow received by the destination host. Exemplarily, the recording slot group C is used to record the flow value of each stream received by the destination host in the time window 3, and the recording slot group D is used to record the flow value of each stream received by the destination host in the time window 4. The time window synchronization module is used to synchronize the time windows of the host and other entities in the network (for example, other hosts or switches). It should be noted that the host has abundant physical resources, and it is usually guaranteed that one stream corresponds to one recording slot.

As shown in Figure 3b, a schematic diagram of modules deployed in a switch provided in this application. A number of slot groups are maintained on the switch, and each slot group includes at least one slot. In FIG. 3b, the switch includes a recording slot group a and a recording slot group b as an example. One time window corresponds to one record slot group, for example, time window 1 corresponds to record slot group a, and time window 2 corresponds to record slot group b. In other words, the recording slot group a can be divided into the time window 1, and the recording slot group b can be divided into the time window 2. The recording slot group a and the recording slot group b may belong to the flow value update module on the switch, and the flow value update module is used to record the flow value of each flow forwarded by the switch. Exemplarily, the recording slot group a is used to record the flow value of each flow forwarded by the switch in the time window 1, and the recording slot group b is used to record the flow value of each flow forwarded by the switch in the time window 2. It should be understood that the resources of the switch are limited, and multiple streams on the same host can be mapped to the same recording slot.

Combining the foregoing Figures 3a and 3b, a time window can correspond to a record slot group on the host and a record slot group on the switch. When the host is the source host, the first time window can correspond to the record slot group A of the host, and correspondingly, the first time window can correspond to the record slot group a of the switch.

In the existing network measurement, stream key tracking and stream value update are tightly coupled, that is, the key-value pairs of the stream (that is, the stream key and the stream value) need to be recorded at the same time. Because the host-based network measurement system lacks detailed information inside the network, the host usually combines the switch to perform network measurement. However, due to the limited storage space of the switch, it is impossible to record all the flows in the network, resulting in the inability to measure the network. The realization is completely accurate.

In view of this, this application proposes a network measurement method. In the following introduction, in order to facilitate the understanding of the solution, the first time window may correspond to the first record slot group of the source host (for example, record slot group A in FIG. 3a), and the first time window may correspond to the second record slot group of the switch. The record slot group (for example, record slot group a in FIG. 3b) corresponds to the first time window and the third record slot group of the destination host (for example, record slot group C in FIG. 3a). The first time window corresponds to the source Which record slot group of the host corresponds to, which record slot group of the switch corresponds to, and which record slot group of the destination host corresponds to, may be pre-configured.

The following is a schematic flowchart of a network measurement method provided by this application with reference to FIG. 4. This method can be applied to the foregoing network measurement system, the host may be the host shown in FIG. 3a, and the switch may be the switch shown in FIG. 3b. The method includes the following steps:

Step 401: The source host may obtain the host index, the first time window, and the switch index corresponding to the stream to be sent.

Here, the stream key can be a five-tuple of the stream, and the host index can be used as the identifier of the stream to indicate the stream.

In a possible implementation, each time the source host initiates a new stream (that is, an active stream), it can first obtain the stream key (such as a five-tuple) of the stream, and perform a hash operation on the stream key to obtain The position of the stream key in the hash table can be determined as the host index. Exemplarily, the source host can call the hash code method to calculate the position of the stream key in the hash table, and the position of the stream key in the hash table can be used as the host index of the stream.

Combined with the hash table shown in Figure 3a, 0, 1, and 2 respectively represent the 3 positions of the hash table. Exemplarily, perform a hash operation on stream key 1 (the primary key of stream 1), and the result is 0, that is, position 0 in the hash table can be used as the host index of stream 1; perform a hash operation on stream key 2 (the primary key of stream 2). Greek operation, the result is 1, that is, the position 1 in the hash table can be used as the host index of stream 2. The hash operation on the stream key 3 (the primary key of stream 3), the result is 2, which is the position in the hash table 2 can be used as the host index of stream 3.

Optionally, each flow may include multiple packets (for the convenience of the description of the scheme, the first packet is taken as an example below), and the source host may store the flow key of each flow in a hash table. Each subsequent message can directly query the hash table to obtain the host index of the flow. In combination with the hash table shown in Figure 3a, the host index of the subsequent message of stream 1 can be directly queried to the hash table shown in Figure 3a to obtain position 0, and the host index of the subsequent message of stream 2 can be directly queried. The hash table shown in 3a obtains position 1, and the host index of subsequent messages of stream 3 can directly query the hash table shown in FIG. 3a to obtain position 2.

In a possible implementation, since the controller has a view of the entire network (that is, the controller can obtain which switches and which hosts are in the entire network), the corresponding switch index can be pre-divided for each host (including the source host) . Optionally, the controller may divide different switch indexes for different hosts. For example, P switch indexes can be divided for host 1, and P switch indexes are different from each other; for another example, Q switch indexes can be divided for host 2, and Q switch indexes are also different from each other; moreover, host 1 and host 2 The divided switch indexes are also different from each other.

Further, the controller may divide M switch indexes for the source host in advance, and the source host may select N switch indexes from the M switch indexes according to the principle of least recently used, and determine the N switch indexes as the switch indexes of the flow to be initiated. , M switch indexes are different from each other, M is an integer greater than 1, and N is an integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to M. It should be understood that the number of switch indexes corresponding to different flows may be the same or different, which is not limited in this application. Since the source host obtains the switch index corresponding to the flow is pre-allocated by the controller, it helps to eliminate conflicts between the flows of different source hosts on the switch forwarding; moreover, the controller divides the switch index for the source host in advance, and the source host It is not necessary to request the controller to allocate a switch index for the initiated flow every time a flow is initiated, thereby saving the cost of message interaction between the source host and the controller.

Optionally, the source host may store the obtained N switch indexes of the flow, so that the source host may obtain the switch index corresponding to the first packet in the flow by querying the switch index stored by the source host, so that Ensure that all the first packets generated in the same flow use the same switch index.

In a possible implementation manner, the source host may determine the local time window maintained locally as the first time window. For details, please refer to the manners in the following four situations shown exemplarily.

Exemplarily, the first time window may be identified by a specific numerical value. For example, if the length of each time window is 1s, 00:00-00:01 can be determined as the first time window, which can be represented by 1, and 00:02-00:03 can be determined as the second time window, which can be represented by 2. And so on.

In step 402, the source host may add the host index, the switch index, and the first time window to the first message to obtain the second message.

Here, a method of embedding a custom protocol in the first message may be used to notify the switch corresponding to the switch index of the above-mentioned host index, switch index, and first time window.

In a possible implementation manner, the source host may add the host index, and/or, switch index, and/or, the first time window between the Ethernet header and the IP header of the first packet to obtain the second Message. In this way, the network layer and the transport layer of the host do not need to verify the content between the Ethernet packet header and the IP packet header, thereby saving the overhead caused by the verification.

In a possible implementation, the source host can embed the switch index, host index, and local time window together between the Ethernet header and the IP header of the first packet to obtain the second packet; or, the source host can also Embed any two of the switch index, host index and local time window together between the Ethernet header and the IP header of the first message, and embed the remaining one between the message data or the message data and the IP header or the Ethernet header Before, the second packet is obtained; or, the source host can also embed any of the switch index, host index, and local time window between the Ethernet header and the IP header of the first packet, and embed the remaining two in the packet. Between the message data or the message data and the IP header or before the Ethernet header, the second message is obtained, which is not limited in this application.

As shown in FIG. 5, a schematic diagram of the structure of a second message provided in this application. The second message takes the host index, switch index, and first time window added between the Ethernet header and the IP header as an example. The message header includes the Ethernet header, time window, host index, switch index, Take the order of the IP header as an example. It should be understood that this application does not limit the sequence of time window, switch index, and host index. It can be the sequence of time window, host index, and switch index, or the sequence of switch index, host index, and time window, etc., I will not list them all here.

Step 403: The source host sends a second packet to the switch corresponding to the switch index. Correspondingly, the switch receives the second message from the source host.

Here, if the switch index corresponds to one switch, the source host can send the second packet to the switch; if the switch index corresponds to multiple switches, the source host can send the second packet to each of the multiple switches.

Step 404: The source host updates the flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window according to the second message.

It should be noted that there is no sequence between the above step 403 and step 404. Step 403 can be executed first and then step 404 can be executed; step 404 can also be executed first and then step 403 can be executed; or step 403 and step 404 can be executed synchronously.

In a possible implementation manner, the source host determines the first recording slot group (ie ingress slot group (ingress slot)) according to the first time window, and then determines the host index from the first recording slot group according to the host index Corresponding to the first recording slot, and update the stream value of the first recording slot. That is to say, in the source host, the first record slot group corresponds to the first time window, and the first record slot group includes multiple record slots. Each record slot can correspond to a stream, and each record slot is used to store what the source host has sent. Corresponding to the number or flow value of packets in the flow. It should be understood that the source host may update the flow value of the first recording slot when the source host sends the second packet to the switch, or it may be updated after the source host sends the second packet to the switch, which is not limited in this application.

In a possible example, take a stream, and the stream corresponds to the first recording slot in the first recording slot group, and the first recording slot is used to record the number of first packets sent in the stream as an example, the first The initial flow value of the recording slot is 0. When the source host sends the first second packet converted from the first packet in the flow, the flow value of the first recording slot can be updated to 1, and the second packet can be sent. When a second message is converted according to the first message in the stream, the stream value of the first recording slot is updated to 2, and so on, the source host sends a conversion according to the first message in the stream every time The second message obtained will add 1 to the flow value of the first recording slot.

In another possible example, take a stream, and the stream corresponds to the first recording slot in the first recording slot group, and the first recording slot is used to record the size of the sent stream as an example, the initial value of the first recording slot When the flow value is 0, when the source host sends the first second packet (with a size of A1bit) converted from the first packet in the flow, it can update the flow value of the first recording slot to A1, and send the first packet. When two second packets (with the size of A2bit) converted according to the first packet in the stream, the stream value of the first recording slot can be updated to A1+A2, and so on, the source host sends a basis for each The second message obtained by converting the first message in the stream will add the size value recorded in the first recording slot to the size of the newly sent second message.

Step 405: The switch obtains the first time window and the switch index from the second message.

With reference to the example shown in FIG. 5, the switch may obtain the first time window and the switch index from the message header of the second message.

Step 406: The switch updates the flow value recorded corresponding to the switch index and the first time window according to the second message.

In a possible implementation manner, the switch determines the second recording slot according to the first time window and the switch index included in the second message, and updates the flow value of the second recording slot.

In a possible implementation manner, the switch may determine the second recording slot group according to the first time window, determine the second recording slot from the second recording slot group according to the switch index, and update the stream value of the second recording slot . That is to say, in the switch, the second record slot group corresponds to the first time window, and the second record slot group includes multiple record slots. One stream can correspond to one record slot, and each record slot is used to store the data that the switch has received. Corresponding to the number or flow value of packets in the flow. In this way, after receiving each second packet, the switch can update the flow value in the second recording slot corresponding to the flow to which the second packet belongs.

In a possible implementation manner, the flow value may be the number of packets included in the flow and/or the total size of the flow (or referred to as the total flow). Further, optionally, the flow value may also include the number of syn packets and/or the number of fin packets.

In a possible example, take a stream, and the stream corresponds to the second recording slot in the second recording slot group, and the second recording slot is used to record the number of second packets sent in the stream as an example, the second The initial flow value of the recording slot is 0, and the switch receives the first second packet in the flow, and can update the flow value of the second recording slot to 1, and receives the second second packet in the flow When writing, the flow value of the second recording slot can be updated to 2, and so on, each time the switch receives a second packet in the flow, it will increase the flow value of the second recording slot by 1.

In another possible example, take a stream, and the stream corresponds to the second recording slot in the second recording slot group, and the second recording slot is used to record the size of the second packet sent in the stream as an example. The initial flow value of the second recording slot is 0, and the switch receives the first second packet (with a size of A1bit) in the flow, and can update the flow value of the second recording slot to A1, and receive the data in the flow The second second packet (size is A2bit), the flow value of the second recording slot is updated to A1+A2, and so on. Each time the switch receives a second packet in the flow, it will The flow value recorded in the second recording slot is added to the size of the new second message sent.

It should be noted that the switch index included in the second message may be N, and the second record slot determined from the second record slot group may also be N, and the number of the second record slot in N needs to be updated. The stream value recorded in each second recording slot. In addition, the switch may update the flow value of the second recording slot after receiving the second message; it may also update the flow value of the second recording slot after forwarding the second message; this application does not limit this.

Step 407: The switch sends the second packet to the destination host. Correspondingly, the destination host receives the second message from the switch.

It should be noted that there is no sequence between step 406 and step 407. Step 406 can be performed first and then step 407; step 407 can also be performed first and step 406 can be performed; or step 406 and step 407 can be performed synchronously.

Step 408: The destination host updates the flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window according to the second message.

In a possible implementation manner, the destination host obtains the first time window and the host index from the second message. With reference to the structure of the second message shown in FIG. 5, the host can obtain the first time window and the host index from the header of the second message.

Further, optionally, the destination host determines the third recording slot from the third recording slot group according to the first time window and the host index, and updates the stream value of the third recording slot.

In a possible implementation manner, the destination host can determine the third recording slot group according to the first time window; according to the host index, determine the third recording slot from the third recording slot group, and update the stream of the third recording slot value. That is to say, in the destination host, the third recording slot group corresponds to the first time window, the third recording slot group includes multiple recording slots, one stream corresponds to one recording slot, and each recording slot is used to store the data received by the destination host The number or flow value of packets in the corresponding flow. In this way, after receiving each second packet of a flow, the destination host can update the flow value in the third recording slot corresponding to the flow to which the second packet belongs.

It can also be understood that the second message includes the host index, and the destination host can directly use the first time window and host index in the second message to locate the corresponding third recording slot to update the third recording slot. Flow value. In this way, the destination host does not need to obtain the stream key, nor does it need to perform a second hash operation to obtain the host index, thereby saving the computing resources of the destination host.

In a possible example, take a stream, and the stream corresponds to the third recording slot in the third recording slot group, and the third recording slot is used to record the number of second packets sent in the stream as an example, the third The initial stream value of the recording slot is 0, and the destination host receives the first second packet in the stream, and can update the stream value of the third recording slot to 1, and receives the second second packet in the stream. When sending a message, the flow value of the third recording slot can be updated to 2, and so on, each time the destination host receives a second message in the flow, the flow value of the third recording slot will be incremented by 1.

In another possible example, take a stream, and the stream corresponds to the third recording slot in the third recording slot group, and the third recording slot is used to record the size of the second packet sent in the stream as an example. The initial stream value of the third recording slot is 0, and the destination host receives the first second packet (size A1bit) in the stream, and can update the stream value of the third recording slot to A1, and receive the stream The second second packet (size A2bit) of the third record slot can be updated to A1+A2, and so on, every time the destination host receives a second packet in the stream, it will Add the flow value of the third recording slot to the size of the new second message sent.

It should be noted that when the recorded flow value is the size, the source host can also record the size of the first packet. Here, the switch and the destination host can record the size of the second packet after receiving the second packet. The size after subtracting the size of the host index, the size of the switch index, and the size of the first time window.

From the above steps 401 to 408, it can be seen that the source host can obtain the flow value and flow key of each flow initiated, and add the first time window to the first message, which can ensure that the same message is in the entire network (from The forwarding process from the source host to the switch to the destination host) are all in the same time window, regardless of whether the time window maintained locally by the switch or the destination host is consistent with the first time window, all the first packets of a flow are in the entire network During the transmission process, the first time window field in the second message is used to determine the stream value that needs to be updated. In this way, the complete accuracy of the flow can be achieved, and the respective resource advantages of the host and the switch can be fully utilized. Furthermore, the second message carries a host index, the host index is relatively small, and the memory occupied by the second message received by the switch is also relatively small; moreover, the switch does not need to record the flow key, only the flow value needs to be updated, thus Helps achieve low resource overhead.

As follows, the manner of determining the first time window in four situations is exemplarily shown. The following takes the source host and the destination host as an example for description.

Case 1: The host determines to enter a new time window.

Refer to Fig. 6 for a time window synchronization method provided by this application. The method includes the following steps:

In step 601, the source host may determine to enter a new time window according to the local clock, and determine the new time window as the local time window (local epoch) of the source host.

Step 602: The source host sends the new time window to the controller. Accordingly, the controller receives the new time window from the source host.

In step 603, the controller determines whether the received new time window is larger than the local time window of the controller; if it is larger, execute step 604; if it is not larger, execute step 607.

Step 604: The controller updates the local time window of the controller to the new time window, and broadcasts the fourth message to the hosts (source host and destination host) in the entire network.

Here, the fourth message may include the new time window. It should be understood that the fourth message is a synchronization message of the time window.

Step 605: The destination host obtains the new time window in the fourth message, and determines whether the new time window is greater than the local time window of the destination host; if yes, execute step 606; if not, execute step 609.

It should be noted that after receiving the fourth message, the source host can determine that the new time window in the fourth message is synchronized with the local time window, and there is no need to update the local time window of the source host.

Step 606: The destination host updates the local time window of the destination host to the new time window.

By broadcasting the third message through the controller, the time window synchronization of the entire network can be realized. That is, the controller cooperates with the host to coordinate the algorithm of the time window synchronization of the whole network, and realizes a nearly strong consistency model.

Step 607: The controller sends the first message to the source host.

The first message includes the local time window of the controller, and is used to notify/instruct the source host to update the local time window of the source host to the local time window of the controller carried in the first message of control.

Step 608: The source host updates the local time window of the source host to the local time window of the controller.

Step 609: The destination host sends the local time window of the destination host to the controller. Correspondingly, the controller receives the local time window from the destination host.

In step 610, the controller determines whether the received local time window of the destination host is greater than the local time window of the controller; if it is greater, step 611 is executed; if it is not greater, step 612 is executed.

Step 611: The controller updates the local time window of the controller to the local time window of the destination host, and broadcasts the fifth message to hosts (source host and destination host) in the entire network.

Here, the fifth message may include the local time window of the destination host. It should be understood that the fifth message is also a synchronization message of the time window. The hosts in the entire network can determine whether to update the local time window maintained by the host itself according to the relationship between the local time window of the destination host included in the fifth message and the local time window of the host itself.

Step 612: The controller sends a second message to the destination host.

The second message includes the local time window of the controller, and is used to notify/instruct the destination host to update the local time window of the destination host to the local time window of the controller carried in the second message of control.

It can be seen from the above steps 601 to 612 that the source host, the destination host, and the controller interact with their respective local time windows, which helps to realize the synchronization of the time windows of the entities in the entire network.

Case 2: The destination host receives the second message.

In a possible implementation manner, the destination host obtains the first time window in the second message, and if it is determined that the first time window is greater than the local time window of the destination host, then the local time window of the destination host is updated to the first time window.

In case three, the controller determines to enter a new time window.

Refer to Fig. 7 for another time window synchronization method provided by this application. The method includes the following steps:

In step 701, the controller determines to enter a new time window (which may be referred to as a second time window) according to the local clock, and then updates the local time window of the controller to the second time window.

Step 702: The controller broadcasts the third message to hosts in the entire network.

Here, the third message includes the second time window. It should be understood that the hosts in the entire network include source hosts and destination hosts.

In step 703, the host determines whether the second time window in the received third message is greater than the local time window of the host; if it is greater than, step 704 is executed; if it is not greater than, step 705 is executed.

Step 704: The host updates the local time window of the host to the second time window.

Step 705: The host sends the local time window of the host to the controller. Correspondingly, the controller receives the host's local time window.

Step 706: The controller updates the local time window of the controller to the local time window of the host, and broadcasts the sixth message to the hosts in the entire network.

Here, the sixth message includes the local time window of the controller updated by the controller, that is, the received local time window of the host.

Case 4: The host receives the second message and the third message at the same time, or receives the second message and the fourth message at the same time.

In a possible implementation, the host can compare the first time window in the second message, the second time window in the third message, and the host’s local time window. If the host’s local time window is the largest, it does not Update; otherwise, update the local time window of the host to the largest time window.

In a possible implementation, the host can compare the first time window in the second message, the new time window in the fourth message, and the host’s local time window. If the host’s local time window is the largest, it will not Update; otherwise, update the local time window of the host to the largest time window.

It should be noted that the sequence of steps in the above figures is only an example, and does not limit the application.

In this application, after the end of each time window, the controller can obtain the flow value of the flow recorded on the source host, destination host, and switch in the time window, and determine whether the flow has lost packets according to the flow value of each flow . Further, optionally, the source host, the destination host, and the switch may all reclaim the recording slot group allocated for the time window. As follows, taking the first time window as an example, the method for the controller to determine whether packet loss occurs, and how the controller determines the process of packet loss if a packet loss occurs.

After the first time window ends, the controller may obtain the first stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the source host, and obtain the first stream value corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the destination host The recorded second stream value; the corresponding relationship between the recording slot and the stream value corresponding to the first recording slot group corresponding to the first time window can be obtained from the source host; the controller determines the first stream value and the second When the flow values are inconsistent, it is determined that packet loss occurs in the flow.

In a possible implementation manner, the controller determines a first recording slot group in the source host corresponding to the first time window, and determines in the first recording slot group to correspond to the host index And determine the first stream value recorded in the first recording slot; the controller may determine the third recording slot group in the destination host corresponding to the first time window; The third recording slot corresponding to the host index is determined in the third recording slot group, and the second stream value recorded in the third recording slot is determined.

In a possible implementation manner, the controller determines a second record slot group in the switch corresponding to the first time window, and determines in the second record slot group the switch index corresponding to the switch N second recording grooves, and determining the third stream value respectively recorded in the N second recording grooves, and determining according to the first stream value, the second stream value, and the N third stream values The number of lost packets of the flow at the switch, where N is an integer greater than 1.

Further, optionally, the controller may respectively obtain the stream key stored in the hash table of the source host in the first time window, the stream value recorded in the first recording slot group of the source host in the first time window, and the switch The stream value recorded in the second slot group in the first time window and the stream value recorded in the third slot group in the first time window by the destination host can determine the first record in the first slot group The stream value recorded by the slot, the stream value recorded by the second slot in the second slot group, and the stream value recorded by the third slot in the third slot group belong to the stream value of the same stream; it can also be understood as control The device can determine the flow value of the same flow in the source host, the flow value in the switch, and the flow value in the destination host. If it is determined that the flow value of the same flow in the first recording slot is inconsistent with the flow value in the third recording slot, It is determined that packet loss has occurred in the stream. After each time window is over, the controller obtains the flow values recorded on all hosts and switches on the network once, which helps to reduce the bandwidth pressure of the controller.

In a possible implementation manner, after the first time window ends, the controller sends request messages to hosts and switches in the entire network to request to obtain stream keys, Information such as the flow value; or, after the first time window ends, the hosts and switches in the entire network report the flow information such as the flow key and the flow value recorded in the first time window to the controller.

Further, optionally, at the end of the first time window, the source host may report to the controller the correspondence between each recording slot (including the first recording slot) and the stream value corresponding to the first recording slot group corresponding to the first time window relation. Furthermore, it can also report the hash value of the stream key recorded in the hash table in the first time window; the destination host can report to the controller each record slot corresponding to the third record slot group corresponding to the first time window (Including the third recording slot) and the corresponding relationship between the stream value; the switch can also report to the controller the relationship between each recording slot (including the second recording slot) and the stream value corresponding to the second recording slot group corresponding to the first time window Correspondence.

Correspondingly, the controller can perform operations on the hash value of the stream key to obtain the stream key (such as a five-tuple), and determine the source host and the destination host according to the stream key.

It should be noted that if the controller controls the hash value of the stream key from the source host, the controller can obtain the stream key in the source host according to the hash calculation. Of course, the controller can also obtain the stream key directly from the source host. This application is not limited.

When the controller determines that a certain stream has lost packets, the controller can use the first stream value on the first recording slot group, the third stream value on the second recording slot group, and the third stream value on the third recording slot group according to the stream. The second-rate value, infers the packet loss on the switch.

In a possible implementation, the controller can construct a linear equation set, and determine the packet loss on each switch by solving the linear equation set.

Exemplarily, taking the flow value as the number of packets included in the flow as an example, the source host and the destination host pass through two switches (switch 1 and switch 2), and the variables of the linear equation group can be used to express on the switch 1. The number of lost packets x and the number of lost packets y on switch 2, the flow value of the flow on the source host is a, the flow value of the flow on the destination host is b, and the flow value of the flow on switch 1 is c, The flow value of the flow on the switch 2 is d, then a=c+x+d+y+b.

It should be noted that there may be N switch indexes corresponding to the flow, and N a=c+x+d+y+b can be determined, that is, the constraint of the variables of the linear equation group is increased, and the linear equation can be made The group has a unique solution in most cases, so that it can correctly infer the packet loss on the switch of the flow that has lost packets. It has been verified that when N=2, the packet loss situation can be accurately inferred in 99.7% of the cases.

In a possible implementation manner, the controller may also determine the current total load capacity of the network according to the total flow of each flow.

It can be understood that, in order to implement the functions in the foregoing embodiments, the source host, the switch, the destination host, and the controller include hardware structures and/or software modules corresponding to each function. Those skilled in the art should easily realize that, in combination with the modules and method steps of the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in the present application, the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or computer software-driven hardware depends on the specific application scenarios and design constraints of the technical solution.

Based on the foregoing content and the same concept, FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic structural diagrams of possible network measurement devices provided by this application. These network measurement devices can be used to implement the functions of the source host or switch or the destination host or controller in the foregoing method embodiment, and therefore can also achieve the beneficial effects of the foregoing method embodiment. In this application, the network measurement device may be the switch 101 as shown in FIG. 2 or the host 102 as shown in FIG. 2.

As shown in FIG. 8, the network measurement device 800 includes a processing module 801 and a transceiver module 802. The network measurement device 800 is used to implement the functions of the source host or switch or the destination host or controller in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 6 or FIG. 7 above.

When the network measurement device 800 is used to implement the function of the source host in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 4: the processing module 801 is used to obtain the host index, the first time window, and the switch index corresponding to the stream to be sent, and report it in the first report. The host index, switch index, and first time window are added to the text to obtain the second message, the first message is any message included in the flow; the transceiver module 802 is used to send the second message to the destination host through the switch corresponding to the switch index The processing module 801 is also used to update the stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window according to the second message.

When the network measurement device 800 is used to implement the function of the switch in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 4: the transceiver module 802 is used to receive a second message from the source host, and the second message includes the host index, the first time window, and Switch index, and forward the second message to the destination host, the switch corresponds to the switch index; the processing module 801 is configured to update the flow value corresponding to the switch index and the first time window according to the second message.

When the network measurement device 800 is used to implement the function of the destination host in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 4: the transceiver module 802 is used to receive the second packet from the source host forwarded by the switch, and the second packet includes the host index and the first packet. A time window and switch index; the switch corresponds to the switch index; the processing module 801 is configured to update the flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window according to the second message.

When the network measurement device 800 is used to implement the function of the controller in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 4: the processing module 801 cooperates with the transceiver module 802, and is used to obtain the host index and the first time window at the end of the first time window from the source host. One time window corresponds to the recorded first flow value, and obtains from the destination host the second flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window; wherein, the flow is sent from the source host to the destination host, and the host index is determined according to the flow; processing module 801 is also used to determine that when the first flow value and the second flow value are inconsistent, determine that packet loss occurs in the flow.

A more detailed description of the processing module 801 and the transceiver module 802 can be directly obtained by referring to the relevant description in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 4, and will not be repeated here.

It should be understood that the processing module 801 in the embodiment of the present application may be implemented by a processor or processor-related circuit components, and the transceiver module 802 may be implemented by a communication interface or a communication interface-related circuit component.

Based on the foregoing content and the same concept, as shown in FIG. 9, the present application also provides a network measurement device 900. The network measurement device 900 may include a processor 901 and a communication interface 902. The processor 901 and the communication interface 902 are coupled with each other. It can be understood that the communication interface 902 may be an interface circuit or an input/output interface. Optionally, the network measurement device 900 may further include a memory 903 for storing instructions executed by the processor 901 or storing input data required by the processor 901 to run the instructions or storing data generated after the processor 901 runs the instructions.

When the network measurement device 900 is used to implement the method shown in FIG. 4, the processor 901 is used to execute the function of the above-mentioned processing module 801, and the communication interface 902 is used to execute the function of the above-mentioned transceiving module 802.

It is understandable that the processor in the embodiment of the present application may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP), and application-specific integrated circuits. (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

The method steps in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware, and can also be implemented by a processor executing software instructions. Software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM) , PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM), register, hard disk, mobile hard disk, CD-ROM or well-known in the art Any other form of storage medium. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor, so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and can write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and the storage medium may be located in the ASIC. In addition, the ASIC can be located in a network device or a terminal device. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may also exist as discrete components in the network device or the terminal device.

In the foregoing embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, it can be implemented in the form of a computer program product in whole or in part. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer programs or instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the procedures or functions of the embodiments of the present application are executed in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, user equipment, or other programmable devices. Computer programs or instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, a computer program or instruction can be downloaded from a website, computer, server, or data center. Transmission to another website, computer, server or data center via wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or a data center that integrates one or more available media. The usable medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, and a magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a digital video disc (digital video disc, DVD); and it can also be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state drive (SSD). ).

In the various embodiments of this application, if there are no special instructions and logical conflicts, the terms and/or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be mutually cited. The technical features in different embodiments are based on their inherent Logical relationships can be combined to form new embodiments.

In this application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to two or more. "The following at least one item (a)" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (a) or a plurality of items (a). For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c" ", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple. "And/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A, B can be singular or plural. In the text description of this application, the character "/" generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are an "or" relationship; in the formula of this application, the character "/" indicates that the associated objects before and after are a kind of "division" Relationship. In addition, in this application, the term "exemplary" is used to mean serving as an example, illustration, or illustration. Any embodiment or design solution described as an "example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferable or advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. Or it can be understood that the term using examples is intended to present the concept in a specific manner, and does not limit the application.

It is understandable that the various numerical numbers involved in the embodiments of the present application are only for easy distinction for description, and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The size of the sequence number of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic. The terms "first", "second" and other similar expressions are used to distinguish similar objects, but not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations of them are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, including a series of steps or modules. The method, system, product, or device is not necessarily limited to those clearly listed steps or modules, but may include other steps or modules that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the scope of protection of this application. In this way, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalent technologies, this application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

A network measurement method, characterized in that it comprises:

The source host obtains the host index, the first time window, and the switch index corresponding to the stream to be sent;

The source host adds the host index, the switch index, and the first time window to the first message to obtain a second message, where the first message is any message included in the flow;

The source host sends the second message to the destination host through the switch corresponding to the switch index, and according to the second message, updates the flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window .
The method of claim 1, wherein the source host adds the host index, the switch index, and the first time window to the first message to obtain the second message, comprising:

The source host adds the host index, and/or, the switch index, and/or, the first time window between the Ethernet header of the first packet and the network protocol IP header to obtain The second message.
The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the source host updating the stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window comprises:

The source host adds 1 to the host index and the stream value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or,

The source host adds the host index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window to the size of the second packet.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the source host updating the stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window comprises:

Determining, by the source host, a first recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the first recording slot group including a plurality of recording slots;

Determining, by the source host, a first recording slot corresponding to the host index in the first recording slot group according to the host index;

The source host adds 1 to the stream value recorded in the first recording slot, or adds the stream value recorded in the first recording slot to the size of the second packet.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the source host acquiring the host index of the stream to be sent comprises:

The source host performs a hash operation on the stream key of the stream, determines the position of the stream key in the hash table according to the result of the operation, and determines the position as the host index.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the source host acquiring the first time window corresponding to the stream to be sent comprises:

The source host determines the local time window as the first time window.
The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:

The source host receives a third message from the controller, where the third message includes a second time window;

If the source host determines that the second time window is greater than the local time window, update the local time window to the second time window.
The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the method further comprises:

If the source host determines that the local time window enters a new time window, update the local time window to the new time window, and send the new time window to the controller.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the source host acquiring the switch index corresponding to the stream to be sent comprises:

The source host determines the M switch indexes that the controller divides for the source host in advance, the M switch indexes are different from each other, and the M is an integer greater than 1;

The source host selects N switch indexes from the M switch indexes, and determines the N switch indexes as the switch indexes corresponding to the to-be-sent flow, where N is greater than 1 and less than or equal to the The integer of M.
A network measurement method, characterized in that it comprises:

The switch receives a second message from the source host, where the second message includes a host index, a first time window, and a switch index, and the switch corresponds to the switch index;

The switch forwards the second message to the destination host;

The switch updates the flow value recorded corresponding to the switch index and the first time window according to the second message.
The method according to claim 10, wherein the update of the flow value recorded by the switch corresponding to the switch index and the first time window comprises:

The switch adds 1 to the switch index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or,

The switch adds the size of the second packet to the switch index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window.
The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the update of the flow value recorded by the switch corresponding to the switch index and the first time window comprises:

Determining, by the switch, a second recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the second recording slot group including a plurality of recording slots;

Determining, by the switch, a second recording slot corresponding to the switch index in the second recording slot group according to the switch index;

The switch adds 1 to the flow value recorded in the second recording slot, or adds the flow value recorded in the second recording slot to the size of the second packet.
A network measurement method, characterized in that it comprises:

The destination host receives a second message from the source host forwarded by the switch, where the second message includes a host index, a first time window, and a switch index, and the switch corresponds to the switch index;

The destination host updates the flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window according to the second message.
The method according to claim 13, wherein the update of the flow value recorded by the destination host corresponding to the host index and the first time window comprises:

The destination host adds 1 to the host index and the stream value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or,

The destination host adds the host index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window to the size of the second packet.
The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the update of the flow value recorded by the destination host corresponding to the host index and the first time window comprises:

Determining, by the destination host, a third recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the third recording slot group including a plurality of recording slots;

Determining, by the destination host, a third recording slot corresponding to the host index in the third recording slot group according to the host index;

The destination host adds 1 to the stream value recorded in the third recording slot, or adds the stream value recorded in the third recording slot to the size of the second packet.
The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the method further comprises:

If the destination host determines that the first time window is greater than the local time window, update the local time window to the first time window.
The method of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises:

The destination host receives a third message from the controller, where the third message includes a second time window;

If the destination host determines that the second time window is greater than the local time window, update the local time window to the second time window.
The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the method further comprises:

If the destination host determines that the local time window enters a new time window, update the local time window to the new time window, and send the new time window to the controller.
A network measurement method, characterized in that it comprises:

At the end of the first time window, for the flow to be measured, the controller obtains the first flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the source host, and obtains the first flow value corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the destination host. The time window corresponds to the recorded second flow value; the flow is sent from the source host to the destination host, and the host index is determined according to the flow;

When the controller determines that the first flow value is inconsistent with the second flow value, it determines that packet loss occurs in the flow.
21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the controller acquiring the first stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the source host for the measurement to be measured comprises:

Determining, by the controller, a first record slot group corresponding to the first time window in the source host;

The controller determines the first recording slot corresponding to the host index in the first recording slot group, and determines the first stream value recorded in the first recording slot;

The controller acquiring the second stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the destination host includes:

Determining, by the controller, a third record slot group corresponding to the first time window in the destination host;

The controller determines a third recording slot corresponding to the host index in the third recording slot group, and determines the second stream value recorded in the third recording slot.
The method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the method further comprises:

The controller determines a second record slot group in the switch corresponding to the first time window; the switch is used to forward the flow from the source host to the destination host;

The controller determines the N second recording slots corresponding to the switch index of the switch in the second recording slot group, and determines the third stream values respectively recorded in the N second recording slots, so Said N is an integer greater than 1;

The controller determines the number of lost packets of the flow at the switch according to the first flow value, the second flow value, and the N third flow values.
A network measurement device is characterized in that it comprises a processing module and a transceiver module:

The processing module is configured to obtain the host index, the first time window, and the switch index corresponding to the stream to be sent, and add the host index, the switch index, and the first time window to the first message to obtain A second message, where the first message is any message included in the flow;

The transceiver module is configured to send the second message to the destination host through the switch corresponding to the switch index;

The processing module is further configured to update the flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window according to the second message.
The device according to claim 22, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

The host index, and/or, the switch index, and/or, the first time window is added between the Ethernet header of the first packet and the network protocol IP header to obtain the second Message.
The device according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

Add 1 to the host index and the stream value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or,

The size of the second packet is added to the host index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window.
The device according to any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

Determining a first recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the first recording slot group including a plurality of recording slots;

Determining, in the first recording slot group, a first recording slot corresponding to the host index according to the host index;

The stream value recorded in the first recording slot is added by 1, or the stream value recorded in the first recording slot is added to the size of the second packet.
The device according to any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

Perform a hash operation on the stream key of the stream, determine the position of the stream key in the hash table according to the result of the operation, and determine the position as the host index.
The device according to any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

Determine the local time window as the first time window.
The device according to claim 27, wherein the transceiver module is further configured to:

Receiving a third message from the controller, where the third message includes a second time window;

The processing module is also used for:

If it is determined that the second time window is greater than the local time window, update the local time window to the second time window.
The device according to claim 27 or 28, wherein the processing module is further configured to:

If it is determined that the local time window enters a new time window, update the local time window to the new time window, and send the new time window to the controller.
The device according to any one of claims 22 to 29, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

Determine the M switch indexes pre-divided by the controller for the source host, the M switch indexes are different from each other, and the M is an integer greater than 1;

From the M switch indexes, N switch indexes are selected, and the N switch indexes are determined as the switch indexes corresponding to the flow to be sent. The N is an integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to the M.
A network measurement device is characterized in that it comprises a processing module and a transceiver module:

The transceiver module is configured to receive a second message from a source host, the second message including a host index, a first time window, and a switch index, and to forward the second message to the destination host, the switch Corresponding to the switch index;

The processing module is configured to update the flow value recorded corresponding to the switch index and the first time window according to the second message.
The device according to claim 31, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

Add 1 to the switch index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or,

The size of the second packet is added to the switch index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window.
The device according to claim 31 or 32, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

Determining a second recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the second recording slot group including a plurality of recording slots;

Determine, in the second record slot group, a second record slot corresponding to the switch index according to the switch index;

The stream value recorded in the second recording slot is added by 1, or the stream value recorded in the second recording slot is added to the size of the second packet.
A network measurement device is characterized in that it comprises a processing module and a transceiver module:

The transceiver module is configured to receive a second message from a source host forwarded by a switch, the second message including a host index, a first time window, and a switch index; the switch corresponds to the switch index;

The processing module is configured to update the flow value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window according to the second message.
The device according to claim 34, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

Add 1 to the host index and the stream value recorded corresponding to the first time window; or,

The size of the second packet is added to the host index and the flow value recorded corresponding to the first time window.
The device according to claim 34 or 35, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

Determining a third recording slot group corresponding to the first time window according to the first time window, the third recording slot group including a plurality of recording slots;

Determine, in the third recording slot group, a third recording slot corresponding to the host index according to the host index;

The stream value recorded in the third recording slot is added by 1, or the stream value recorded in the third recording slot is added to the size of the second packet.
The device according to any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein the processing module is further configured to:

If it is determined that the first time window is greater than the local time window, update the local time window to the first time window.
The device according to claim 37, wherein the transceiver module is further configured to:

Receiving a third message from the controller, where the third message includes a second time window;

The processing module is also used for:

If it is determined that the second time window is greater than the local time window, update the local time window to the second time window.
The device according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the processing module is further configured to:

If it is determined that the local time window enters a new time window, update the local time window to the new time window, and send the new time window to the controller.
A network measurement device is characterized in that it comprises a processing module and a transceiver module:

The processing module cooperates with the transceiver module and is configured to end the first time window, obtain the first stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window from the source host for the stream to be measured, and obtain the first stream value from the destination host Acquiring a second stream value recorded corresponding to the host index and the first time window; wherein the stream is sent from the source host to the destination host, and the host index is determined according to the stream;

The processing module is further configured to determine that packet loss occurs in the flow when it is determined that the first flow value and the second flow value are inconsistent.
The device according to claim 40, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

Determine the first record slot group corresponding to the first time window in the source host;

Determine the first recording slot corresponding to the host index in the first recording slot group, and determine the first stream value recorded in the first recording slot;

Determining a third record slot group corresponding to the first time window in the destination host;

A third recording slot corresponding to the host index is determined in the third recording slot group, and the second stream value recorded in the third recording slot is determined.
The device according to claim 40 or 41, wherein the processing module is further configured to:

Determining a second record slot group corresponding to the first time window in the switch, where the switch is used to forward the flow from the source host to the destination host;

Determine N second recording slots corresponding to the switch index in the second recording slot group, and determine the third stream values respectively recorded by the N second recording slots, and according to the first stream value, The second flow value and the N third flow values determine the number of lost packets of the flow at the switch, and the N is an integer greater than 1.
A network measurement device, which is characterized by comprising a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface being used to receive signals from other devices other than the device and transmit them to the processor or to transfer signals from the processor The signal is sent to a device other than the network measurement device, and the processor is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 21 through a logic circuit or executing code instructions.
A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program or instruction is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program or instruction is executed by a network measurement device, it implements any of claims 1 to 21. The method described in one item.
A computer program product, characterized by comprising a computer program or instruction, when the computer program or instruction is executed on a computer, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 21 is executed.
A communication system, characterized by comprising the network measurement device according to any one of claims 22 to 30, the network measurement device according to any one of claims 31 to 33, and the network measurement device according to any one of claims 34 to 39. The network measurement device described above and the network measurement device described in any one of claims 40 to 42.