WO2021253979A1

WO2021253979A1 - Method and apparatus for processing electronic form files capable of recording log data

Info

Publication number: WO2021253979A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/089232
Authority: WO
Inventors: 徐红轮
Original assignee: 北京奎牛科技有限公司
Priority date: 2020-06-16
Filing date: 2021-04-23
Publication date: 2021-12-23
Also published as: CN113807061A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing electronic form files. The method comprises: when processing the electronic form file, acquiring input attribute data in relation to the generation and change of form domain data in an electronic form file; and recording the input attribute data in the electronic form file. The embodiments of the present invention, by recording the input attribute data of form domains when processing the electronic form file, enable the electronic form file to have credential characteristics recording the process of generation and change of form domain data, and help the query and exchange of value change information of the form domains.

Description

Electronic form file processing method and device capable of recording log data

Technical field

The invention relates to a method and device for processing electronic form files.

Background technique

An electronic form file is an electronic file based on a form, such as a PDF form or other electronic file with form definition and description. It is currently widely used in electronic file processing in various application fields, such as online declaration, Electronic documents used for approval, internal office, government information collection, and submission.

There are still some shortcomings in the recording of current electronic form files. For example, PDF, HTML and other files contain the definition of forms and form fields, but the files only store the generated results of the electronic form files, and the transformation process of the values of the form fields is not described in the files. Although PDFs and other documents support the description and definition of forms and form fields, and can be digitally signed multiple times, they do not record the process of filling in the form fields, such as the filling time of each record, filling in personnel information, and the original form of the form field. The value, the value of the filled-in form field, the information of the filling procedure used, the value source information of the filled-in form field, and other fill-in parameter information. Moreover, the form field does not have the file attribute information, such as the last filling time of the form field, the last filling in the personnel information, the last filling procedure information, the last filling data source information, and other filling parameter information.

In most applications, the form field value and value change process information of the HTML form is stored in the system database as an application log, which causes the change process information of the form field value to be stored outside the electronic form file, which is not conducive to the form Inquiry and exchange of domain value change information.

Since the electronic form file does not contain the information describing the transformation process of the form field data, it cannot provide information about the generation and change history of the form field data, so the electronic form file itself does not have the credibility of recording the process of the form field data generation and change. feature.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electronic form file processing method and processing device, which can record the input attribute data of the form field during the process of processing the electronic form file.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for processing an electronic form file, including: during the processing of the electronic form file, collecting input attributes related to the generation and change of form field data in the electronic form file Data; and recording the input attribute data in the electronic form file.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for processing electronic form files, including: a data collection module, used to collect data from the form fields in the electronic form file during the processing of the electronic form file Generating and changing related input attribute data; and a data recording module for recording the input attribute data in the electronic form file.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides an apparatus for processing an electronic form file, including: a memory for storing instructions; and a processor coupled to the memory, the instructions when executed by the processor cause all The processor executes the method for processing electronic form files described in the embodiment of the present invention.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which instructions are stored, which when executed by a processor of a computer, cause the processor to execute the electronic processing method described in the embodiments of the present invention. The method of the form file.

The embodiment of the present invention records the input attribute data of the form field in the process of processing the electronic form file, so that the electronic form file itself can have the credibility feature of recording the process of generating and changing form field data, and is beneficial to the value change information of the form field. Inquiries and exchanges.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for processing an electronic form file according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 shows an example of an electronic form file used in the embodiment;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of forming multiple modified versions of an electronic form file in the process of generating and modifying an electronic form file according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of forming multiple modified versions of the modification log of the electronic form file during the modification process of the electronic form file according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of the structure of an apparatus for processing an electronic form file according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

An electronic form file is a file with an electronic form description. The electronic form file is generated after the form design program is designed, and the electronic form file can be filled in one or more times to generate an electronic form file record. An electronic form is a computer program version of a paper form; in addition to eliminating the cost of printing, storing, and distributing pre-printed forms, because forms-related programs can automatically format, calculate, find, and verify information, users can use electronic forms. Form files fill out electronic forms faster. Electronic forms generally include appearance descriptions of forms and form fields, form business logic definitions, form field definitions and storage form field data; form fields usually include text fields, single selection fields, multiple selection fields, combo box fields, date fields, and time Field, file field, signature field, etc. The definition of form field includes the location, type, format, field name, etc. of the form field. The electronic form file used in the embodiment of the present invention includes several form fields, and these form fields can interactively collect data information as form field data (also referred to as form field values, form field values). For example, there are two interactive form files in PDF form files: such as AcroForm based on PDF, and independent form description XML Forms Architecture (XFA). However, the present invention is not limited to the above examples. The invention can be applied to any other electronic form files containing form fields.

The electronic form file can be filled in on the client by one or more operators, and signed by the operator himself or the reviewer after completion. It can be that the operator fills in part of the data, and the operator himself can sign in the signature field or in the blank space of the electronic form; it can also be someone else who helps fill in part of the data and the person in charge of the operation signs it; it can also be checked by the reviewer to the operator The filled-in electronic form file shall be signed for review and approval. The signing method adopts the digital certificate of the signatory to implement the full-text digital signature of the entire electronic form file. The significance of the digital signature is to recognize the final result of filling in the electronic form file and the entry log.

Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for processing an electronic form file according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method 100 includes: during the processing of the electronic form file, collecting input attribute data related to the generation and change of the form field data in the electronic form file (step 101); and recording the input attribute data in the electronic form file (step 102).

In the embodiment of the present invention, the input attribute data includes a collection of input attribute data that is generated and changed during multiple processing processes of the electronic form file (such as data entry process, form filling process, data modification process, etc.), forming Enter the log. For example, when entering an electronic form, it automatically records the entry log with the entered attribute data; when the user manually fills in the electronic form file on the computer, or uses the automatic data entry device to enter data into the form field of the electronic form file, it is for each form The relevant attribute data of the domain will be recorded in the entry log every time it is filled in effectively. After multiple forms are filled in, an electronic file record with form fields entered into the full log will be formed in the electronic form file. For each form field in the electronic form file, there is a detailed record of evidence chain for filling in the entire electronic form. The file has a complete chain of evidence entered in the log. According to the electronic form file processing method of the embodiment of the present invention, all input logs of all form fields of the electronic form file can be completely saved, and the saved input attribute data has the characteristics of evidence chain and traceability.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the input attribute data includes at least one of the following: input time, input personnel information, review personnel information, original value of form field, new value of form field, program for processing electronic form file Information, client information used to process the electronic form file, input data source information (for example, information used for direct acquisition equipment as a data source, manual keyboard input by users, etc.), input program used to automatically input form field data Information, physical environment information of the input attribute data, and other input parameter information.

During the creation of the electronic form file, the operator information, program system information, project information, file parameter information, etc., who created the electronic form file can be recorded in the entry log of the electronic form file; The data entered in each form field is recorded in the entry log. The entry attribute data includes the time of filling, the information of the person who filled in, the original value of the form field, the new value of the form field after filling, the information of the filling procedure used, and the client Information, data source information (such as direct mining equipment information, manual keyboard entry), and other fill-in parameter information, use these entry attribute data to generate a form field entry log, and write the entry log into an electronic form file.

In each process of filling in a form field, the time to fill in the form field includes but is not limited to year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and time zone. In the case of multiple people filling out an electronic form through a web server in a different place, time calibration is required in advance to ensure the accuracy of the timeline. For example, multiple users are calibrated with Beijing time, or with the system server time, or with the company Time service server calibration. The client can also always calibrate the time through the Network Time Protocol (NTP) service and the standard time server, or the system time service. Filling in personnel information generally refers to information that can uniquely mark the filling in personnel, including but not limited to the user's account, the user's name, and the user's role or position (such as research doctors, nurses, etc.). The original value of the form field refers to the value of the form field before this time, and the new value of the form field after filling refers to the value of the form field after this time. The filling procedure information used refers to the filling procedure information used this time, including but not limited to the name and version of the filling procedure. The filling procedure refers to the procedure used to fill in the electronic form (for example, the software program Adobe Acrobat 7.0 Professional used to generate and process pdf files); but the filling procedure here should be able to connect to the system environment information, collect client information, etc., at the same time. Used to open the electronic form file for data filling. In the case that multiple users use the network to process electronic form files, in step 101, the input attribute data can be collected online or offline. Among them, certain mechanisms should be adopted to avoid file conflicts during online collection by multiple people, such as file locks, etc., to ensure the sequence of collection and preservation of electronic form files, so as to ensure the timing of the entry of the final electronic form files into the log.

Client information refers to the client host ID, computer name, etc. used by the user to fill in the form. Data source information refers to where the data filled this time came from, which mainly includes the input method and input equipment model. For example, data is collected by direct mining equipment, and the filling program is directly connected to the equipment to provide filling data. When the operator uses a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure, the data source information can include the device information of the sphygmomanometer, the sphygmomanometer model, the sphygmomanometer unit, the normal value range of the sphygmomanometer, etc.; of course, these data can also be manually entered by the filling personnel. Or copy and paste input. The data source information can reflect whether the data entry method is manually entered or automatically entered into an electronic form file. For example, in the case of collecting electrocardiogram data, after the electrocardiogram is taken, the electrocardiogram data is automatically entered into the electronic form opened by the client filling program. Other filling parameter information in the input attribute data may include filling instructions, such as environmental information (indoor or outdoor, temperature, humidity, etc.).

In the embodiment of the present invention, the method 100 further includes: stamping a digital signature in the signature field in the electronic form file. The operator puts a digital signature in the signature field of the electronic form file, so that the entire processed electronic form file (including the input attribute data written into it) is protected by the digital signature.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the input attribute data may be log data in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format or JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, Java Script Object Notation) format. Every time a file is saved, if the form field is filled in effectively, a form field entry log record will be generated and stored in the metadata of the electronic form file; at the same time, the last filling time of the relevant form field and the last filling in personnel information will be updated , The final value, the final filling procedure information used, the final data source information, and other filling parameter information.

In the embodiment of the present invention, when the electronic form file is saved or a digital signature is added to the signature field in the electronic form file, the input attribute data is written as the input log into the metadata of the electronic form file middle. In this embodiment, the input attribute data may be saved as a file modification log data item in the metadata of the electronic form file, and the value of the data item may be log data in XML or JSON format.

The time to write the entry log into the electronic form file is after completing the valid filling of the form fields, including when the electronic form file is saved after each filling, or when the digital signature is applied. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

Effective filling refers to filling in which the value of the form field changes. The software system has a set of rules for determining whether the user’s input is valid. For example, when the user enters text in the text field of the electronic form file, the cursor flashes in the text field after entering the focus mode, and the user can enter text in the text field at this time. The input text field is in focus mode; the same other form fields have focus mode, but the effect is different. For example, the focus mode of the date field will pop up a date selection dialog box. As long as the form field is still in focus mode, the user can continue to enter data, enter or modify the form field, but the form field has not yet been filled in effectively. When the user finishes filling in the form field and press the Enter key on the keyboard, it can be judged to exit the focus mode; if the value of the form field changes at this time, the filling of the form field is valid; if the value of the form field does not change, then Filled out as invalid. Other valid filling judgment rules are that if the form field cannot pass the illegal verification logic, it is not valid filling; if the user fills in a form field, the value of another form field changes due to the form calculation logic, then another form field Passively filled in the form field is counted on the user's head; the time when the filled-in record becomes effective is the file save operation, and the signature operation in the signature field will also indirectly trigger the file save operation. If the user fills in a single form field multiple times before a single save operation, only the last fill-in is valid when saving, and the original value of the form field is the initial value of the form field before the single save. For example, the original value of the address field in the electronic form file is "Beijing", the user enters "Shanghai", presses the Enter key and exits the focus mode, enters "Guangzhou" again, presses the Enter key to exit the focus mode, and clicks save. Then fill in the record value change from "Beijing" to "Guangzhou".

After filling in the valid value of each form field, you can put the recorded form field log data in the cache first, without actually writing the electronic form file; only when the electronic form file is saved or the electronic signature is added, all the data in the cache The log data of the form field is written into the electronic form file. By caching the recorded form field log data, you can filter out the wrong data entered by the wrong or unintentional entry operation. For example, the value "Shanghai" of the above form field may be entered by the user unintentionally, it will be filtered out and will not be written into the electronic form file as log data.

In the embodiment of the present invention, when the digital signature is added to the signature field in the electronic form file, the digest algorithm and the digest value entered in the log are written into the signature dictionary of the electronic form file. For example, by using a digital certificate in the signature field, an operator can add a digital signature to an electronic form file, which can protect the entire filled-in electronic form file, including the entry log of the form field. After signing, the operator writes the entry log of the form field into the metadata of the electronic form file, at the same time associates the entry log, and writes the entry log summary and summary algorithm into the signature dictionary. However, the present invention is not limited to writing the entry log into the metadata of the electronic form file. The entry log for all changes to the value of the form fields clearly records all relevant parameters of the change, the person who fills in, the original value before filling, the new value after filling, the time of filling, the reason for the modification, the modification of the client information, and the modification of the system environment. Information, modified program related information, etc. Write the summary algorithm and summary value of the entered log into the signature dictionary of the electronic form file. As a part of the signature extension information, the responsibility for the entry log of the form field can be assigned, so that the data filling or entry personnel can be traced in the subsequent stages Responsibility. In addition, the digital signature can also be used to protect the electronic form files from tampering. When the electronic form file is released, it will inevitably be subject to various modifications; if the electronic form file is tampered with, the above-mentioned digital signature stamped by the operator on the electronic file will fail to verify the signature, which can then remind the user that the data has been Tampering, thus playing a role of tampering protection.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the method 100 further includes: before entering the form field data, collecting the input attribute data related to the electronic form file processing program, the client, the hardware and software information related to the input operation, and the environmental information.

Entering form field data includes the generation and modification of form data. In an example, before entering the form field data, when opening the electronic form file, first collect client host information (such as client host ID, machine name, etc.) and electronic form file processing program by executing a specific form filling procedure System information, user identity information, server time information, information about filling in the program, environmental temperature and humidity, etc. However, the collection of this information is not limited to before entering the form field data. When any form field filling or form status modification occurs during the processing of the electronic form file, the entry log not only simply records the value change of the form field, but also records the change of the system environment parameters corresponding to the value of the form field. This specific form filling program is a form filling and information collection program that can be used to obtain all system environment parameters (including client information, data source information, system environment information, etc.); this specific form filling program will collect form fields as much as possible The system parameters and environmental parameters whose values are changed can be used for subsequent audits of electronic form files. After the specific form filling program collects and loads system information and environmental information, the electronic form file is opened for form filling, and log data related to the filling or modification of form fields is generated during the filling process. The specific form filling program can exist in multiple forms, such as a mobile phone version of an APP, a desktop version of an application, and a browser plug-in. The specific form filling program may not be embedded in the electronic form processing program.

System environment information may include system website, system name, project name, etc. User identity information may include account ID, account name, account role, and so on. The client information may include client host information, client IP, and so on. The collection program version information may include the name of the collection program, the version of the collection program, and so on.

In another example, all clients are required to register in advance to obtain client information, perform necessary time synchronization for all clients, and calibrate each client's time according to a designated clock if necessary. When processing electronic form files, you can log in to the system with an account to perform user identity verification to obtain the identity and role information of the person filling in the form. By connecting the relevant hardware equipment used to process electronic form files, the parameter information related to the hardware equipment can be directly collected. In the process of processing electronic form files, system business scripts can be loaded to realize smart form filling. System business scripts include initialization scripts, logic control scripts, logic verification scripts, automatic calculation scripts, and operation scripts related to form fields. The entry log can also record relevant information about the system business scripts used in the process of electronic form file processing. In another example, you can use a specific form to fill in the program and switch the input operator by switching the user account, or you can implement a multi-person joint signature operation under an interactive interface through a multi-person countersignature; the digital signature must be performed Verification, such as fingerprint verification or input of the signer’s password, and the user information of the switched operator or multiple users who jointly signed.

User information and reviewer information belong to the file processing system. In the client collection program, the user and reviewer's login operation can be used to confirm the identity of the user and the reviewer, and obtain the user's identity information and the reviewer's identity information.

Fig. 2 shows an example of an electronic form file used in the embodiment. The electronic form file 200 shown in the figure is a subject screening form in a clinical trial, and includes a screening form header 210 and a basic information form 220. The screening table header 210 includes form fields such as protocol number, study period, subject initials, and screening number. The basic information table 220 includes collection date (date field), name (single choice field), gender, date of birth (date field), age, ethnicity (single choice field), ID number, telephone number, emergency contact and their telephone number, Recorder's signature (signature field), alternative (single selection field), reviewer (signature field) and other form fields. After the electronic form file 200 is filled in, each form field has a new value, and the input attribute data includes at least the new value of the form field and the time when it was last filled in. The signature of the recorder and the valid digital signature of the reviewer indicate that the signed document has been legally modified, the identity of the signer has been verified, and the impression has been verified. After the electronic form file 200 is modified in the future, the original new value in the form field becomes the original value, and the current modified value becomes the new value; the original value, new value and last filling time of all form fields are saved As input attribute data.

In the case that the electronic form file 200 resides on the client and is generated or modified on the client, the input attribute data will be written into the electronic form file 200 on the client. In the case that the electronic form file 200 resides on a server on the network and can be generated or modified by multiple clients on the network, the entered attribute data will be written into the electronic form file 200 on the server, and the attribute data will be at least It may also include client information used to process the electronic form file 200, for example, client information that modifies certain form field data (such as the signature of the "reviewer"). The input attribute data can be generated on the client side during file processing, and then transmitted and stored in an electronic form file or database on the server side.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of forming multiple modified versions of an electronic form file in the process of generating and modifying an electronic form file according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the initial version of the electronic form file includes the electronic file body, electronic file metadata and digital signature. The body includes descriptions of documents, pages, resources, scripts, etc., of course, the most important thing is to include the description of the electronic form; the electronic form contains one or more form fields, which are distributed on one or more pages of the electronic form file, and The background text describes the electronic file together. Electronic file metadata includes author, modification time, etc. You can optionally affix a certification signature to the electronic form file to indicate the subsequent authority of the file, whether it is allowed to fill in the form, whether to allow signature, etc.

After the electronic form file has been modified many times (such as N times), the modified version 1 to the modified version N shown in Figure 3 will be formed accordingly, and each modified version contains incremental changes to the text and incremental changes to metadata Revise. The incremental modification of the main text mainly refers to the filling of the form field value of the electronic form, and the incremental modification to the metadata refers to all the changes that occur to the file each time it is saved (the form field filling log); if the file saving action is performed during file processing, then Direct incremental modification is not signed; if the signature action is performed during file processing, the operator’s identity verification and digital signature will be performed, and the incremental form filling of the body and the incremental file modification log of metadata will be signed for protection. Write the digest algorithm and digest value entered in the log into the signature dictionary.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of forming multiple modified versions of a modification log of an electronic form file during the modification process of the electronic form file according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the process of modifying the electronic form file, when the value of the form field changes, read the modified personnel information, time information, original value of the form field, new value of the form field, fill-in program information, client information, System information, data source information, etc., generate an electronic file modification log containing this information, and write it into the file modification log cache. When saving the electronic form file or adding a digital signature to the electronic form file, the file modification log is cached and written into the electronic form file in an incremental modification mode. Incremental modification refers to writing all electronic file incremental modification and signature data at the end of the original electronic form file, keeping the old version file unchanged, and updating the structure index of the file to display the new version file, see Figure 3 and Figure 4. When stamping the digital signature and saving the electronic form file, the summary algorithm and summary value entered in the log are written into the signature dictionary of the electronic form file.

Each time the electronic form file is saved or the digital signature is added, one version will be added to the electronic form file modification log (as shown in Figure 4, modified version 1, modified version 2,..., modified version N), each modified version There are multiple entry logs (as shown in Figure 4, form field modification log 1, form field modification log 2,..., form field modification log M), and each log contains as many log parameters as possible.

Refer to Figure 4, the file modification log is a two-dimensional existence, the first-level directory is modified version 1 to modified version N, each modified version can have a digital signature or no digital signature; the second-level directory is the modification of form field data items Log (ie, form field modification log 1, form field modification log 2, ..., form field modification log M). If you read the modified version information and form data item modification information when in use, you will get a series of modified versions, as well as the saver of these versions, save time, whether to sign, client information when saving, and form filling program information. At the same time, when viewing a modified version, you can view all the value modification logs for the form fields under that version, and the log contains the filling personnel, filling time, client information, form filling program information, etc. In addition, if you ignore the version information and only view the second-level form field modification information of the entire file, it is a modification log list from the original version to the final version, and all the form field values are changed, and the log contains the person who filled in, the time of filling, and the client Information, form filling program information, etc. If the log protected by the digital signature is modified, the form filling program will prompt that the file has been modified and the signature verification has failed, and the user will be prompted to proceed with the form filling operation carefully or not to continue filling in the form.

Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of the structure of an apparatus for processing an electronic form file according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device 500 includes: a data collection module 510 for collecting input attribute data related to the generation and change of form field data in the electronic form file during the processing of the electronic form file; and a data recording module 520 for collecting data The input attribute data collected by the collection module 510 is recorded in an electronic form file.

Those skilled in the art should understand that the apparatus 500 can implement the various embodiments of the method for processing electronic form files of the present invention as described above. Those skilled in the art should also understand that a computer or similar file processing device including a memory and a processor can be implemented as the device for processing electronic form files of the present invention, and implements the device for processing electronic forms of the present invention as described above. Various embodiments of the file method. Those skilled in the art should also understand that by storing program instructions that enable a computer to execute the method for processing electronic form files of the present invention in a computer-readable storage medium and combining it with a computer or similar device, the present invention can be implemented. An apparatus for processing electronic form files, and can implement various embodiments of the method for processing electronic form files of the present invention as described above.

The above-mentioned embodiments are all exemplary, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Based on the enlightenment of the above-mentioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or adjustments to the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the principles of the present invention. The technical solutions of these modifications or adjustments should still fall within the scope of patent protection of the present invention. .

Claims

A method for processing electronic form files, including:

During the processing of the electronic form file, collecting input attribute data related to the generation and change of the form field data in the electronic form file; and

The input attribute data is recorded in the electronic form file.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the input attribute data includes a collection of input attribute data generated and changed during multiple processes of the electronic form file to form an input log.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said input attribute data includes at least one of the following:

Entry time, entry personnel information, review personnel information, the original value of the form field, the new value of the form field, the program information used to process the electronic form file, the client information used to process the electronic form file, the input data source information , The information of the input program used to automatically enter the form field data, the physical environment information of the attribute data, and other input parameter information.
The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

A digital signature is stamped in the signature field in the electronic form file.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the input attribute data is log data in XML format or JSON format.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the electronic form file is saved or a digital signature is added to the signature field in the electronic form file, the input attribute data is used as The entry log is written into the metadata of the electronic form file.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein when a digital signature is added to the signature field in the electronic form file, the digest algorithm and the digest value entered in the log are written into the signature dictionary of the electronic form file.
The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

Before entering the form field data, collect the electronic form file processing program, the client, the hardware and software information related to the entry operation, and the environmental information in the entered attribute data.
A device for processing electronic form files, including:

A data collection module for collecting input attribute data related to the generation and change of form field data in the electronic form file during the processing of the electronic form file; and

The data recording module is used to record the input attribute data in the electronic form file.
A device for processing electronic form files, including:

Memory for storing instructions; and

A processor coupled to the memory, the instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processor of a computer, cause the processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.