WO2021253206A1 - Gestion d'objet de rapport de mesure dans des communications sans fil - Google Patents

Gestion d'objet de rapport de mesure dans des communications sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021253206A1
WO2021253206A1 PCT/CN2020/096251 CN2020096251W WO2021253206A1 WO 2021253206 A1 WO2021253206 A1 WO 2021253206A1 CN 2020096251 W CN2020096251 W CN 2020096251W WO 2021253206 A1 WO2021253206 A1 WO 2021253206A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
measurement
measurement object
report database
backup
base station
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PCT/CN2020/096251
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English (en)
Inventor
Tianya LIN
Hao Zhang
Pan JIANG
Xiuqiu XIA
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Qualcomm Incorporated
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Publication date
Application filed by Qualcomm Incorporated filed Critical Qualcomm Incorporated
Priority to PCT/CN2020/096251 priority Critical patent/WO2021253206A1/fr
Publication of WO2021253206A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021253206A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H04L5/001—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT the frequencies being arranged in component carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H04L5/0057—Physical resource allocation for CQI
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports

Definitions

  • the following relates generally to wireless communications and more specifically to measurement reporting object management in wireless communications.
  • Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) .
  • Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems.
  • 4G systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems
  • 5G systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems.
  • a wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) .
  • UE user equipment
  • a UE may be configured to perform measurements on signals that are received at the UE. For example, a UE may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) of a reference signal from a base station, which may be reported back to the base station (e.g., in a channel state information (CSI) report) .
  • the base station may provide configuration information with one or more measurement objects, and the UE may perform measurements based on the configured measurement objects. Efficient management of measurement configurations may help to enhance the efficiency and reliability of a wireless communications system.
  • a user equipment may receive configuration information that configures one or more measurement objects.
  • the measurement objects may configure a measurement for a frequency band, and a measurement configuration may include a single measurement object for a given frequency band.
  • the UE may determine that configuration information is received for a first measurement object for a first carrier frequency, and that a second measurement object is already configured and is for the first carrier frequency.
  • the UE may remove the second measurement object from the measurement configuration, and move the second measurement object to a backup measurement object that is outside of the measurement configuration.
  • the first measurement object may be added to the measurement configuration, such that the measurement configuration includes only one measurement object for the first carrier frequency.
  • the UE may report one or more measurements associated with the second measurement object based on the backup measurement object.
  • a method of wireless communication at a UE may include receiving, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency, determining that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object, copying the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database, removing the second measurement object from the measurement report database, and adding the first measurement object to the measurement report database.
  • the apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory.
  • the instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency, determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object, copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database, remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database, and add the first measurement object to the measurement report database.
  • the apparatus may include means for receiving, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency, determining that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object, copying the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database, removing the second measurement object from the measurement report database, and adding the first measurement object to the measurement report database.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described.
  • the code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency, determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object, copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database, remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database, and add the first measurement object to the measurement report database.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing a first measurement of the first carrier frequency based on the first measurement object, performing a second measurement of the first carrier frequency based on the backup measurement object, and transmitting one or more measurement reports to the base station that include the first measurement, the second measurement, or any combinations thereof.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the base station, an indication to remove the second measurement object having the first carrier frequency from the measurement report database, and removing the backup measurement object responsive to the indication.
  • the UE receives a list of measurement objects to be removed from the measurement report database in RRC signaling from the base station.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a modified configuration message from the base station that includes modification information for the second measurement object, and modifying the backup measurement object based on the modification information.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the base station, an indication to remove the first measurement object from the measurement report database, removing the first measurement object from the measurement report database responsive to the indication, restoring the second measurement object to the measurement report database from the backup measurement object responsive to removing the first measurement object, and removing the backup measurement object responsive to the restoring.
  • the first measurement object may be received in a RRC reconfiguration message associated with a handover operation, and where the RRC reconfiguration message does not include the second measurement object in a list of measurement objects to remove from the measurement report database.
  • the RRC reconfiguration message may be associated with a handover of the UE from a first cell using a first RAT to a second cell using a second RAT.
  • the first carrier frequency may be identified by an indication of a same E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN) in the first measurement object and the second measurement object.
  • E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
  • the measurement report database includes a set of measurement objects that may be stored in data structures.
  • the measurement report database at the UE may be a VarMeasConfig database.
  • the backup measurement object may be stored outside of the measurement report database in a same data structure as used in the measurement report database.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system for wireless communications that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a portion of a wireless communications system that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a measurement configuration database that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGs. 5 and 6 show block diagrams of devices that support measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGs. 9 through 13 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the network may configure one or more measurement configuration databases at a user equipment (UE) .
  • the UE may perform measurements based on a number of measurement objects in a measurement configuration database (e.g., a VarMeasConfig database) , and may provide a report of measurements to the base station (e.g., in a channel state information (CSI) report) .
  • the measurement configuration database may include a number of measurement objects, which identify one or more parameters to be measured for a particular carrier frequency (e.g., for an E-UTRA absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN) ) .
  • a given carrier frequency may only be able to be associated with a single measurement object in a measurement configuration database (e.g., only one measurement object in the VarMeasConfig database can be associated with a particular EARFCN) .
  • a base station may transmit configuration information that attempts to add a second measurement object for a particular carrier frequency when a first measurement object is already configured for that particular carrier frequency.
  • the UE in accordance with prior established configuration techniques, will report a radio link failure due to a configuration failure.
  • Such a radio link failure declaration may trigger a radio link recovery procedure, during which the UE is unable to communicate with the network. Accordingly, avoidance of such radio link failures is desirable, in order to enhance system efficiency and reliability.
  • Such a duplicate measurement object with a same carrier frequency should not be attempted to be configured by a base station, however, such occurrences have been observed and may result from an error at the base station, or in cases where the base station is configuring a cell with the carrier frequency following a handover from a different carrier, from a different radio access technology (RAT) , such as from a 5G carrier to a 4G carrier.
  • RAT radio access technology
  • a UE may configure one or more backup measurement objects in the event that a measurement object with a duplicate carrier frequency is received in measurement configuration information from a base station.
  • the UE may determine that configuration information is received for a first measurement object for a first carrier frequency, and that a second measurement object is already configured and is for the first carrier frequency.
  • the UE may remove the second measurement object from the measurement configuration, and move the second measurement object to the backup measurement object that is outside of the measurement configuration.
  • the first measurement object may be added to the measurement configuration, such that the measurement configuration includes only one measurement object for the first carrier frequency.
  • the UE may report one or more measurements associated with the second measurement object based on the backup measurement object.
  • the UE may maintain both measurement objects without having to declare radio link failure as would otherwise occur.
  • the UE may remove or modify the backup measurement object.
  • Measurement reports for both the new measurement object and the backup measurement object are continued and include both configured measurements, and thus a base station can receive and decode measurement reports with an expected report format without errors.
  • a UE that receives a measurement object for a measurement configuration database that includes a duplicate carrier frequency of an already existing measurement object, may move one of the measurement objects to a backup measurement object, and avoid declaring radio link failure. Avoiding radio link failure may enhance efficiency and reliability of wireless communications, as continuity of a connection is maintained uninterrupted compared to an interruption that would occur if radio link failure were declared. Such techniques may also reduce power consumption at a UE and enhance network efficiency, due to fewer exchanges of communications associated with a radio link failure and corresponding connection re-establishment.
  • aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems, database and measurement object configurations, and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to measurement reporting object management in wireless communications.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • NR New Radio
  • the wireless communications system 100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.
  • ultra-reliable e.g., mission critical
  • the base stations 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities.
  • the base stations 105 and the UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125.
  • Each base station 105 may provide a coverage area 110 over which the UEs 115 and the base station 105 may establish one or more communication links 125.
  • the coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a base station 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies.
  • the UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times.
  • the UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, the base stations 105, or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay devices, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1.
  • network equipment e.g., core network nodes, relay devices, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment
  • the base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both.
  • the base stations 105 may interface with the core network 130 through one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or other interface) .
  • the base stations 105 may communicate with one another over the backhaul links 120 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105) , or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) , or both.
  • the backhaul links 120 may be or include one or more wireless links.
  • One or more of the base stations 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by a person having ordinary skill in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology.
  • a base transceiver station a radio base station
  • an access point a radio transceiver
  • a NodeB an eNodeB (eNB)
  • eNB eNodeB
  • a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB either of which may be referred to as a gNB
  • gNB giga-NodeB
  • a UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples.
  • a UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • IoE Internet of Everything
  • MTC machine type communications
  • the UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the base stations 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • devices such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the base stations 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the UEs 115 and the base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 over one or more carriers.
  • the term “carrier” may refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125.
  • a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) .
  • BWP bandwidth part
  • Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation.
  • a UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration.
  • Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers.
  • FDD frequency division duplexing
  • TDD time division duplexing
  • a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers.
  • a carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be positioned according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115.
  • E-UTRA evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access
  • a carrier may be operated in a standalone mode where initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode where a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology) .
  • the communication links 125 shown in the wireless communications system 100 may include uplink transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105, or downlink transmissions from a base station 105 to a UE 115.
  • Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
  • a carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100.
  • the carrier bandwidth may be one of a number of determined bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) .
  • Devices of the wireless communications system 100 e.g., the base stations 105, the UEs 115, or both
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include base stations 105 or UEs 115 that support simultaneous communications via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths.
  • each served UE 115 may be configured for operating over portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
  • Signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) .
  • MCM multi-carrier modulation
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • DFT-S-OFDM discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM
  • a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related.
  • the number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) .
  • a wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers or beams) , and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
  • One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, where a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing ( ⁇ f) and a cyclic prefix.
  • a carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies.
  • a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs.
  • a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
  • Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) .
  • Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
  • SFN system frame number
  • Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration.
  • a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of slots.
  • each frame may include a variable number of slots, and the number of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing.
  • Each slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) .
  • a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., N f ) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
  • a subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) .
  • TTI duration e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI
  • the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
  • Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques.
  • a physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques.
  • a control region e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)
  • CORESET control resource set
  • a control region for a physical control channel may be defined by a number of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier.
  • One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115.
  • one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner.
  • An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to a number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size.
  • Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.
  • Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof.
  • the term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station 105 (e.g., over a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) , or others) .
  • a cell may also refer to a geographic coverage area 110 or a portion of a geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates.
  • Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the base station 105.
  • a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with geographic coverage areas 110, among other examples.
  • a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
  • protocol types e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)
  • NB-IoT narrowband IoT
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • a base station 105 may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area 110.
  • different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same base station 105.
  • the overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations 105.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.
  • Some UEs 115 may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) .
  • M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a base station 105 without human intervention.
  • M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that makes use of the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program.
  • Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
  • Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception simultaneously) .
  • half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate.
  • Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques.
  • some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
  • a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) or mission critical communications.
  • the UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions (e.g., mission critical functions) .
  • Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more mission critical services such as mission critical push-to-talk (MCPTT) , mission critical video (MCVideo) , or mission critical data (MCData) .
  • MCPTT mission critical push-to-talk
  • MCVideo mission critical video
  • MCData mission critical data
  • Support for mission critical functions may include prioritization of services, and mission critical services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications.
  • the terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, mission critical, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
  • a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol) .
  • D2D device-to-device
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • One or more UEs 115 utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105.
  • Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105 or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 105.
  • groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group.
  • a base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications are carried out between the UEs 115 without the involvement of a base station 105.
  • the D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) .
  • vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these.
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • a vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system.
  • vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations 105) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
  • V2N vehicle-to-network
  • the core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions.
  • the core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) .
  • EPC evolved packet core
  • 5GC 5G core
  • MME mobility management entity
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • S-GW serving gateway
  • PDN Packet Data Network gateway
  • UPF user plane function
  • the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the base stations 105 associated with the core network 130.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions.
  • the user plane entity may be connected to the network operators IP services 150.
  • the operators IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
  • Some of the network devices may include subcomponents such as an access network entity 140, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) .
  • Each access network entity 140 may communicate with the UEs 115 through one or more other access network transmission entities 145, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission/reception points (TRPs) .
  • Each access network transmission entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels.
  • various functions of each access network entity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station 105) .
  • the wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) .
  • the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length.
  • UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors.
  • the transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
  • HF high frequency
  • VHF very high frequency
  • the wireless communications system 100 may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band.
  • SHF super high frequency
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the base stations 105, and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a device.
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions.
  • the techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band.
  • LAA License Assisted Access
  • LTE-U LTE-Unlicensed
  • NR NR technology
  • an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band.
  • devices such as the base stations 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance.
  • operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA) .
  • Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
  • a base station 105 or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming.
  • the antennas of a base station 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming.
  • one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower.
  • antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station 105 may be located in diverse geographic locations.
  • a base station 105 may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115.
  • a UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations.
  • an antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
  • the base stations 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing.
  • the multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas.
  • Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) .
  • Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting.
  • MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
  • SU-MIMO single-user MIMO
  • Beamforming which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device.
  • Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference.
  • the adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device.
  • the adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack.
  • communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based.
  • a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels.
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels.
  • the MAC layer may also use error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency.
  • the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a base station 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.
  • a UE 115 may receive configuration information that configures one or more measurement objects within a measurement configuration database.
  • the measurement objects may configure a measurement for a frequency band, and the measurement configuration database may include a single measurement object for a given frequency band.
  • the UE 115 may determine that configuration information is received for a first measurement object for a first carrier frequency, and that a second measurement object is already configured and is for the first carrier frequency. In such cases, the UE 115 may remove the second measurement object from the measurement configuration database, and move the second measurement object to a backup measurement object that is outside of the measurement configuration database.
  • the first measurement object may be added to the measurement configuration database, such that the measurement configuration database includes only one measurement object for the first carrier frequency.
  • the UE 115 may report one or more measurements associated with the second measurement object based on the backup measurement object.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • wireless communications system 200 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100.
  • the wireless communications system 200 may include a base station 105-a and a UE 115-a, which may be examples of a base station 105 and a UE 115 as described herein.
  • the wireless communications system 200 may support multiple radio access technologies including 4G systems such as LTE systems, LTE-A systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and 5G systems, which may be referred to as NR systems.
  • 4G systems such as LTE systems, LTE-A systems, or LTE-A Pro systems
  • 5G systems which may be referred to as NR systems.
  • base station 105-a and UE 115-a may establish a communication link that may be used for downlink communications 205 and uplink communications 210.
  • the base station 105-a may provide configuration information 215 that may provide instructions for a measurement configuration database that may be used for measurement and measurement reporting at the UE 115-a.
  • the configuration information 215 may be provided, for example, in RRC signaling from the base station 105-a to the UE 115-a. Additionally or alternatively, configuration information 215 may be provided in other signaling, such as in downlink control information or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) .
  • MAC medium access control
  • the UE 115-a may perform one or more measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration database (or in accordance with multiple measurement configuration databases) and transmit one or more measurement reports 220, which may provide measurements to the base station 105-a.
  • the base station 105-a may use information in the measurement report 220 for identifying parameters for use in subsequent communications with the UE 115-a, for example.
  • the UE 115-a may manage the measurement objects in the measurement configuration database to provide that different measurement objects with duplicate carrier frequencies are not present within the measurement configuration database. In some cases, as will be discussed in more detail with reference to FIGs. 3 and 4, the UE 115-a may move a measurement object to a backup measurement object upon determining that multiple measurement objects have a same associated carrier frequency.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a measurement configuration database 300 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • measurement configuration database 300 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100 or 200.
  • a UE e.g., a UE 115
  • the measurement configuration database 305 may be a VarMeasConfig database, and the UE may receive configuration information (e.g., configuration information 215 as discussed with reference to FIG. 2) that may configure one or more measurement objects (e.g., that each have an associated measObjectID) within the measurement configuration database 305.
  • the measurement objects may configure a measurement for a particular frequency band (e.g., EARFCN 100) , and the measurement configuration database 305 may include a single measurement object for a given frequency band.
  • the UE 115 may determine that the measurement configuration database 305 includes information for a first measurement object 310, which corresponds to measObjectID 1 in this example, for a first carrier frequency that corresponds to EARFCN 100 in this example.
  • the UE may receive configuration information for a second measurement object 315, corresponding to measObjectID 7 in this example, that also lists the first carrier frequency (i.e., EARFCN 100) .
  • the UE 115 may remove the first measurement object 310 from the measurement configuration database 305, and move the first measurement object to a backup measurement object 320 that is outside of the measurement configuration database 305.
  • the backup measurement object 320 may be configured with measObjectID 1 and EARFCN 100, along with any other parameters that were associated with measObjectID 1 (e.g., different offsets and/or blacklists, measurement bandwidth, antenna port, neighbor cell information, filter coefficients for RSRP/RSRQ measurements, and the like) .
  • the second measurement object 315 may be added to the measurement configuration database 305, such that the measurement configuration database 305 includes only one measurement object (i.e., measObjectID 7) for the first carrier frequency.
  • the UE may report one or more measurements associated with the first measurement object 310 and second measurement object 315 based on the backup measurement object 320.
  • the UE may check the measurement configuration database 350 and the backup measurement object 320 (and one or more other backup measurement objects, if configured) for the identified carrier frequency, and modify or add backup measurement objects as needed.
  • the UE may modify the backup measurement object 320 based on the modification information indicating MeasObjectID 1.
  • the UE may remove the backup measurement object 320.
  • the UE may remove the backup measurement object 320 as well.
  • a VarMeasConfig database in a UE using such techniques will not contain duplicate measurement objects for the same carrier frequency.
  • the UE may look up the parameter from backup measurement object 320.
  • the database structure used for measurement objects within the measurement configuration database 305 may also be used for the backup measurement object 320 (and/or any other backup measurement objects) .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow 400 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • process flow 400 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100 or 200.
  • Process flow 400 may be implemented by a UE 115-b and a base station 105-b as described herein.
  • the communications between the UE 115-b and the base station 105-b may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the UE 115-b and base station 105-b may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 400, and other operations may be added to the process flow 400.
  • process flow 400 may be performed by hardware (e.g., including circuitry, processing blocks, logic components, and other components) , code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof.
  • code e.g., software or firmware
  • Alternative examples of the following may be implemented, where some steps are performed in a different order than described or are not performed at all. In some cases, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or further steps may be added.
  • base station 105-b and UE 115-b may establish a connection.
  • the base station 105-b and UE 115-b may exchange RRC signaling as part of a connection establishment procedure and establish the connection.
  • the base station 105-b may transmit configuration information to the UE 115-b, which may be received at the UE 115-b.
  • the configuration information may be provided, for example, in RRC reconfiguration signaling from the base station 105-b.
  • the configuration information may include information for one or more measurement objects in a measurement configuration database.
  • the configuration information may include a command to add measObject, for an indicated measObjectID, and may include parameters associated with the associated measurement configuration, including a carrier frequency (e.g., EARFCN) .
  • the configuration information may also include a measObjectToRemoveList that lists one or more measObjectIDs to be removed from the measurement configuration database.
  • the UE 115-b may determine that multiple measurement objects would have a same carrier frequency upon completion of configuration as provided in the configuration information from the base station 105-b. For example, the UE 115-b may determine that the add measObjectID contained in the configuration information lists a same EARFCN as a prior measObjectID that already exists in the measurement configuration database at the UE 115-b.
  • the UE 115-b may remove the prior measurement object and create a backup measurement object.
  • the backup measurement object may have a same data structure as the measurement object in the measurement configuration database, and the prior measObjectID and related parameters may be included in the backup measurement object.
  • the UE 115-b may add a new measurement object to the measurement configuration database in accordance with the add measObject information that was received from the base station 105-b in the configuration information.
  • the UE 115-b may transmit one or more measurement reports to the base station 105-b.
  • the one or more measurement reports may be transmitted that includes measurement information for each measurement object of the measurement configuration database, and also include measurement information for the backup measurement object (s) .
  • the base station 105-b may receive and decode the measurement report, which contains information that is expected by the base station 105-b.
  • the base station 105-b may transmit further configuration information to the UE 115-b that may include a measObjectToRemoveList that includes an indication of the prior measObjectID that was moved to the backup measurement object at the UE 115-b.
  • the UE 115-b may determine that the measurement object to remove corresponds to the backup measurement object (e.g., by comparing the measurement object IDs to be removed with the measurement object IDs in the measurement configuration database and with the measurement object IDs in one or more backup measurement objects) .
  • the UE 115-b responsive to the determining, may remove the backup measurement object.
  • the base station 105-b may transmit configuration information to the UE 115-b that includes an indication add or modify one or more measObjects, in a measObjectToAddModList.
  • the UE 115-b may determine that an added or modified measurement object received from the base station 105-b is associated with the backup measurement object.
  • the UE 115-b may modify the backup measurement object in accordance with the configuration information provided by the base station 105-b.
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 505 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein.
  • the device 505 may include a receiver 510, a communications manager 515, and a transmitter 520.
  • the device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
  • the receiver 510 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to measurement reporting object management in wireless communications, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505.
  • the receiver 510 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • the communications manager 515 may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency, determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object, add the first measurement object to the measurement report database, copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database, and remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database.
  • the communications manager 515 may be an example of aspects of the communications manager 810 described herein.
  • the communications manager 515 may as described herein be implemented to realize one or more potential advantages.
  • One implementation may allow the device 505 to avoid a radio link failure that may otherwise result from a measurement configuration database including duplicate measurement objects for a same carrier frequency. Further, implementations may allow the device 505 to increase communications reliability, throughput, and enhance user experience, while reducing overall power consumption, among other advantages.
  • the communications manager 515 may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager 515, or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.
  • code e.g., software or firmware
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the communications manager 515 may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components.
  • the communications manager 515, or its sub-components may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the communications manager 515, or its sub-components may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • I/O input/output
  • the transmitter 520 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 505.
  • the transmitter 520 may be collocated with a receiver 510 in a transceiver module.
  • the transmitter 520 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the transmitter 520 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 605 may be an example of aspects of a device 505, or a UE 115 as described herein.
  • the device 605 may include a receiver 610, a communications manager 615, and a transmitter 635.
  • the device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
  • the receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to measurement reporting object management in wireless communications, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605.
  • the receiver 610 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • the communications manager 615 may be an example of aspects of the communications manager 515 as described herein.
  • the communications manager 615 may include a configuration manager 620, a measurement report database manager 625, and a backup object manager 630.
  • the communications manager 615 may be an example of aspects of the communications manager 810 described herein.
  • the configuration manager 620 may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency.
  • the measurement report database manager 625 may determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object and add the first measurement object to the measurement report database.
  • the backup object manager 630 may copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database and remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database.
  • the transmitter 635 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 605.
  • the transmitter 635 may be collocated with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module.
  • the transmitter 635 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8.
  • the transmitter 635 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a communications manager 705 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the communications manager 705 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 515, a communications manager 615, or a communications manager 810 described herein.
  • the communications manager 705 may include a configuration manager 710, a measurement report database manager 715, a backup object manager 720, a measurement manager 725, a report transmission manager 730, and a RRC manager 735. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
  • the configuration manager 710 may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency. In some examples, the configuration manager 710 may receive, from the base station, an indication to remove the second measurement object having the first carrier frequency from the measurement report database.
  • the configuration manager 710 may receive a modified configuration message from the base station that includes modification information for the second measurement object. In some examples, the configuration manager 710 may receive, from the base station, an indication to remove the first measurement object from the measurement report database. In some examples, different measurement objects within the measurement report database having a same EARFCN causes a radio link failure at the UE due to a configuration error. In some cases, the UE receives a list of measurement objects to be removed from the measurement report database in RRC signaling from the base station.
  • the measurement report database manager 715 may determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object. In some examples, the measurement report database manager 715 may add the first measurement object to the measurement report database responsive to removing the second measurement object. In some examples, the measurement report database manager 715 may remove the backup measurement object responsive to an indication to remove the second measurement object. In some examples, the measurement report database manager 715 may modify the backup measurement object based on modification information associated with the first measurement object. In some examples, the measurement report database manager 715 may restore the second measurement object to the measurement report database from the backup measurement object responsive to removing the first measurement object.
  • the first carrier frequency is identified by an indication of a same E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN) in the first measurement object and the second measurement object.
  • the measurement report database includes a set of measurement objects that are stored in data structures.
  • the measurement report database at the UE is a VarMeasConfig database.
  • the backup object manager 720 may copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database. In some examples, the backup object manager 720 may remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database. In some examples, the backup object manager 720 may remove the backup measurement object responsive to the restoring the second measurement object to the measurement report database. In some cases, the backup measurement object is stored outside of the measurement report database in a same data structure as used in the measurement report database.
  • the measurement manager 725 may perform a first measurement of the first carrier frequency based on the first measurement object. In some examples, the measurement manager 725 may perform a second measurement of the first carrier frequency based on the backup measurement object.
  • the report transmission manager 730 may transmit one or more measurement reports to the base station that include the first measurement, the second measurement, or any combinations thereof.
  • the RRC manager 735 may manage RRC communications.
  • the first measurement object is received in a RRC reconfiguration message associated with a handover operation, and where the RRC reconfiguration message does not include the second measurement object in a list of measurement objects to remove from the measurement report database.
  • the RRC reconfiguration message is associated with a handover of the UE from a first cell using a first RAT to a second cell using a second RAT.
  • FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 805 may be an example of or include the components of device 505, device 605, or a UE 115 as described herein.
  • the device 805 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communications manager 810, an I/O controller 815, a transceiver 820, an antenna 825, memory 830, and a processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 845) .
  • buses e.g., bus 845
  • the communications manager 810 may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency, determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object, add the first measurement object to the measurement report database, copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database, and remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database.
  • the communications manager 810 may as described herein be implemented to realize one or more potential advantages.
  • One implementation may allow the device 805 to avoid a radio link failure that may otherwise result from a measurement configuration database including duplicate measurement objects for a same carrier frequency. Further, implementations may allow the device 805 to increase communications reliability, throughput, and enhance user experience, while reducing overall power consumption, among other advantages.
  • the I/O controller 815 may manage input and output signals for the device 805.
  • the I/O controller 815 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 805.
  • the I/O controller 815 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral.
  • the I/O controller 815 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system.
  • the I/O controller 815 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device.
  • the I/O controller 815 may be implemented as part of a processor.
  • a user may interact with the device 805 via the I/O controller 815 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 815.
  • the transceiver 820 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above.
  • the transceiver 820 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver.
  • the transceiver 820 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas.
  • the wireless device may include a single antenna 825. However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 825, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
  • the memory 830 may include RAM and ROM.
  • the memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 835 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein.
  • the memory 830 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • the processor 840 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) .
  • the processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 840.
  • the processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting measurement reporting object management in wireless communications) .
  • the code 835 may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless communications.
  • the code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory.
  • the code 835 may not be directly executable by the processor 840 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.
  • FIG. 9 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 900 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 900 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 900 may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency.
  • the operations of 905 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a configuration manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object.
  • the operations of 910 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 915 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 915 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 920 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may add the first measurement object to the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 925 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 925 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1000 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1000 may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency.
  • the operations of 1005 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a configuration manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object.
  • the operations of 1010 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1015 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1015 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1020 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may add the first measurement object to the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1025 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1025 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may perform a first measurement of the first carrier frequency based on the first measurement object.
  • the operations of 1030 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1030 may be performed by a measurement manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may perform a second measurement of the first carrier frequency based on the backup measurement object.
  • the operations of 1035 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1035 may be performed by a measurement manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may transmit one or more measurement reports to the base station that include the first measurement, the second measurement, or any combinations thereof.
  • the operations of 1040 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1040 may be performed by a report transmission manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1100 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1100 may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency.
  • the operations of 1105 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a configuration manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object.
  • the operations of 1110 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1115 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1120 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may add the first measurement object to the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1125 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1125 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may receive, from the base station, an indication to remove the second measurement object having the first carrier frequency from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1130 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1130 may be performed by a configuration manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may remove the backup measurement object responsive to the indication.
  • the operations of 1135 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1135 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1200 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1200 may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency.
  • the operations of 1205 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a configuration manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object.
  • the operations of 1210 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1215 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1220 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may add the first measurement object to the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1225 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1225 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may receive a modified configuration message from the base station that includes modification information for the second measurement object.
  • the operations of 1230 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1230 may be performed by a configuration manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may modify the backup measurement object based on the modification information.
  • the operations of 1235 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1235 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports measurement reporting object management in wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1300 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1300 may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may receive, from a base station, configuration information for a first measurement object associated with a first carrier frequency.
  • the operations of 1305 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a configuration manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may determine that a second measurement object exists in a measurement report database at the UE and is associated with the first carrier frequency, where the second measurement object is different than the first measurement object.
  • the operations of 1310 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may copy the second measurement object to a backup measurement object, where the backup measurement object is stored separately from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1315 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may remove the second measurement object from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1320 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may add the first measurement object to the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1325 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1325 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may receive, from the base station, an indication to remove the first measurement object from the measurement report database.
  • the operations of 1330 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1330 may be performed by a configuration manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may remove the first measurement object from the measurement report database responsive to the indication.
  • the operations of 1335 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1335 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may restore the second measurement object to the measurement report database from the backup measurement object responsive to removing the first measurement object.
  • the operations of 1340 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1340 may be performed by a measurement report database manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • the UE may remove the backup measurement object responsive to the restoring.
  • the operations of 1345 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1345 may be performed by a backup object manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.
  • LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks.
  • the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Wi-Fi Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • WiMAX IEEE 802.16
  • IEEE 802.20 Flash-OFDM
  • Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques.
  • data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) .
  • the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
  • Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special purpose computer.
  • non-transitory computer-readable media may include random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • RAM random-access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable ROM
  • flash memory compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage
  • CD compact disk
  • magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer,
  • Disk and disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés, des systèmes et des dispositifs qui sont destinés à des communications sans fil et qui permettent la gestion d'objets de rapport de mesure dans des base de données de configurations de mesure. Un équipement utilisateur (UE) peut recevoir des informations de configuration qui configurent un ou plusieurs objets de mesure. Les objets de mesure peuvent configurer une mesure pour une bande de fréquence, et une configuration de mesure peut comporter un seul objet de mesure pour une bande de fréquence donnée. L'UE peut déterminer que des informations de configuration sont reçues pour un premier objet de mesure pour une première fréquence porteuse, et qu'un second objet de mesure est déjà configuré et est pour la première fréquence porteuse. Dans de tels cas, l'UE peut retirer le second objet de mesure de la configuration de mesure, et déplacer le second objet de mesure vers un objet de mesure de sauvegarde qui est à l'extérieur de la configuration de mesure. Le premier objet de mesure peut ensuite être ajouté à la configuration de mesure.
PCT/CN2020/096251 2020-06-16 2020-06-16 Gestion d'objet de rapport de mesure dans des communications sans fil WO2021253206A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101925108A (zh) * 2009-06-10 2010-12-22 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种长期演进系统中测量配置的修改方法及装置
WO2013145533A1 (fr) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Mesure de gestion de ressources radio (rrm) multipoint coordonnée (comp)
WO2018201503A1 (fr) * 2017-05-05 2018-11-08 华为技术有限公司 Procédé et dispositif de mesure
CN109756913A (zh) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-14 中兴通讯股份有限公司 多基站连接管理方法、用户终端及计算机可读存储介质

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101925108A (zh) * 2009-06-10 2010-12-22 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种长期演进系统中测量配置的修改方法及装置
WO2013145533A1 (fr) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Mesure de gestion de ressources radio (rrm) multipoint coordonnée (comp)
CN104303544A (zh) * 2012-03-28 2015-01-21 夏普株式会社 多点协作无线电资源管理测量
WO2018201503A1 (fr) * 2017-05-05 2018-11-08 华为技术有限公司 Procédé et dispositif de mesure
CN109756913A (zh) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-14 中兴通讯股份有限公司 多基站连接管理方法、用户终端及计算机可读存储介质

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