WO2021251540A1 - Procédé et appareil de génération d'une ppdu pour exécuter une détection wi-fi dans un système de réseau local sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de génération d'une ppdu pour exécuter une détection wi-fi dans un système de réseau local sans fil Download PDF

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WO2021251540A1
WO2021251540A1 PCT/KR2020/008731 KR2020008731W WO2021251540A1 WO 2021251540 A1 WO2021251540 A1 WO 2021251540A1 KR 2020008731 W KR2020008731 W KR 2020008731W WO 2021251540 A1 WO2021251540 A1 WO 2021251540A1
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ppdu
sensing
sta
information
sig
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PCT/KR2020/008731
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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박성진
김정기
최진수
임동국
장인선
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엘지전자 주식회사
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/82—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the present specification relates to a technique for generating a PPDU for performing WIFI sensing in a wireless LAN system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for determining the state of an object according to a WIFI sensing mode.
  • wireless signals e.g. WiFi
  • WiFi wireless signals
  • Radio signal propagation eg reflection, diffraction, and scattering
  • researchers can extract ready-to-use signal measurements, or employ frequency-modulated signals for frequency shifting. Due to its low cost and non-intrusion detection properties, wireless-based human activity detection has attracted considerable attention and has become a prominent research area in the past decade.
  • This specification examines the existing wireless sensing system in terms of basic principle, technology and system architecture. Specifically, it describes how wireless signals can be utilized to facilitate a variety of applications including intrusion detection, room occupancy monitoring, daily activity recognition, gesture recognition, vital sign monitoring, user identification and indoor location. Future research directions and limitations using radio signals for human activity detection are also discussed.
  • the present specification proposes a method and apparatus for generating a PPDU for performing WIFI sensing in a WLAN system.
  • An example of the present specification proposes a method of generating a PPDU for performing WIFI sensing.
  • This embodiment determines the role of a terminal participating in WiFi sensing according to a sensing mode, and proposes a WiFi sensing procedure and information exchange procedure according to the role of the terminal. Accordingly, it is possible to identify the state of an object through the WiFi sensing technology, identify the object, determine the position of the object, or grasp the operation of the object.
  • this embodiment proposes a PPDU format for instructing to transmit a sensing sequence or perform channel measurement, and describes how information included in the corresponding PPDU is used for WiFi sensing.
  • the WiFi sensing technology can be compatible with the existing wireless LAN system. Accordingly, the WiFi sensing technology may be compatible with 802.11ad, 802.11ay, and 802.11ax wireless LAN systems. Also, the WiFi sensing technology may be defined in a next-generation wireless LAN system. In addition, this embodiment describes the WiFi sensing mode 1. In this case, it is assumed that the first STA is a generator device and a decision device, and the second STA is a measurement device.
  • a first station transmits a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) requesting a channel measurement for an object to a second STA. That is, the first STA may instruct the second STA to measure a channel based on the first PPDU.
  • PPDU physical protocol data unit
  • the first STA receives a second PPDU reporting the result of the channel measurement from the second STA.
  • the first PPDU includes a first signal (SIG) field, sensing information, and a sensing sequence.
  • the first SIG field includes information that the sensing information and the sensing sequence exist in the first PPDU. That is, the first STA notifies the second STA that the first PPDU is a PPDU for WiFi sensing through the first SIG field.
  • the first SIG field may include a New SIG type field, and the New SIG type field may be configured as SENS.
  • the first STA may generate the sensing sequence, and the sensing sequence may be an existing sequence such as a Golay sequence or a newly defined sequence.
  • the channel measurement is performed based on the sensing information and the sensing sequence.
  • the second STA may decode the sensing information and the sensing sequence, and measure a channel state based on the decoding. That is, the sensing sequence may be transmitted from the first STA, and the second STA may receive the sensing sequence reflected from the object and perform the channel measurement based on the reflected sensing sequence.
  • the present embodiment can effectively transmit a sensing sequence or perform channel measurement by configuring a PPDU for WiFi sensing, and can have a new effect of preventing collision with a legacy terminal.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a transmitting apparatus and/or a receiving apparatus of the present specification.
  • WLAN wireless LAN
  • 3 is a view for explaining a general link setup process.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a PPDU used in the IEEE standard.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used on a 20 MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used on a 40 MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of resource units (RUs) used on an 80 MHz band.
  • FIG 9 shows an example in which a plurality of user STAs are allocated to the same RU through the MU-MIMO technique.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of a trigger frame.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of a subfield included in a per user information field.
  • 15 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined in a 2.4 GHz band.
  • 16 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within the 5 GHz band.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within the 6 GHz band.
  • 19 shows a tone plan for an 80 MHz band in an EHT wireless LAN system.
  • 20 is a flowchart illustrating a WiFi sensing procedure.
  • 21 shows a flow diagram of a general procedure of sensing human activity via a wireless signal.
  • FIG. 23 shows an example of a PPDU used when transmitting a sensing sequence in WiFi sensing mode 1.
  • FIG. 24 shows another example of a PPDU used when transmitting a sensing sequence in WiFi sensing mode 1.
  • 26 shows an example of a PPDU used when transmitting a sensing sequence in WiFi sensing mode 2.
  • FIG. 27 shows another example of a PPDU used when transmitting a sensing sequence in WiFi sensing mode 2.
  • FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for performing WiFi sensing in terms of DD and GD according to the present embodiment.
  • 29 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for performing WiFi sensing from an MD perspective according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 30 shows a modified example of a transmitting apparatus and/or a receiving apparatus of the present specification.
  • a or B (A or B) may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”.
  • a or B (A or B)” may be interpreted as “A and/or B (A and/or B)”.
  • A, B or C (A, B or C)” herein means “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any and any combination of A, B and C. combination of A, B and C)”.
  • a slash (/) or a comma (comma) used herein may mean “and/or”.
  • A/B may mean “and/or B”.
  • A/B may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
  • A, B, C may mean “A, B, or C”.
  • At least one of A and B may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”.
  • the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” means “at least one It can be interpreted the same as “at least one of A and B”.
  • At least one of A, B and C means “only A”, “only B”, “only C” or “of A, B and C”. any combination of A, B and C”. Also, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” means may mean “at least one of A, B and C”.
  • control information EHT-Signal
  • EHT-Signal when displayed as “control information (EHT-Signal)”, “EHT-Signal” may be proposed as an example of “control information”.
  • control information of the present specification is not limited to “EHT-Signal”, and “EHT-Signal” may be proposed as an example of “control information”.
  • control information ie, EHT-signal
  • EHT-Signal even when displayed as “control information (ie, EHT-signal)”, “EHT-Signal” may be proposed as an example of “control information”.
  • the following examples of the present specification may be applied to various wireless communication systems.
  • the following example of the present specification may be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system.
  • the present specification may be applied to the IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac standard or the IEEE 802.11ax standard.
  • this specification may be applied to the newly proposed EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be standard.
  • an example of the present specification may be applied to the EHT standard or a new wireless LAN standard that is an enhancement of IEEE 802.11be.
  • an example of the present specification may be applied to a mobile communication system.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • an example of the present specification may be applied to a communication system of the 5G NR standard based on the 3GPP standard.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a transmitting apparatus and/or a receiving apparatus of the present specification.
  • the example of FIG. 1 may perform various technical features described below.
  • 1 relates to at least one STA (station).
  • the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification are a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), It may also be called by various names such as a mobile station (MS), a mobile subscriber unit, or simply a user.
  • the STAs 110 and 120 in the present specification may be referred to by various names such as a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, and a relay.
  • the STAs 110 and 120 may be referred to by various names such as a receiving device, a transmitting device, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, and a transmitting device.
  • the STAs 110 and 120 may perform an access point (AP) role or a non-AP role. That is, the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may perform AP and/or non-AP functions.
  • the AP may also be indicated as an AP STA.
  • the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard.
  • a communication standard eg, LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standard
  • the STA of the present specification may be implemented in various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, and a personal computer.
  • the STA of the present specification may support communication for various communication services such as voice call, video call, data communication, and autonomous driving (Self-Driving, Autonomous-Driving).
  • the STAs 110 and 120 may include a medium access control (MAC) conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium.
  • MAC medium access control
  • the STAs 110 and 120 will be described based on the sub-view (a) of FIG. 1 as follows.
  • the first STA 110 may include a processor 111 , a memory 112 , and a transceiver 113 .
  • the illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as separate chips, or at least two or more blocks/functions may be implemented through one chip.
  • the transceiver 113 of the first STA performs a signal transmission/reception operation. Specifically, IEEE 802.11 packets (eg, IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.) may be transmitted/received.
  • IEEE 802.11 packets eg, IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.
  • the first STA 110 may perform an intended operation of the AP.
  • the processor 111 of the AP may receive a signal through the transceiver 113 , process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission.
  • the memory 112 of the AP may store a signal (ie, a received signal) received through the transceiver 113 , and may store a signal to be transmitted through the transceiver (ie, a transmission signal).
  • the second STA 120 may perform an intended operation of a non-AP STA.
  • the transceiver 123 of the non-AP performs a signal transmission/reception operation.
  • IEEE 802.11 packets eg, IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.
  • IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc. may be transmitted/received.
  • the processor 121 of the non-AP STA may receive a signal through the transceiver 123 , process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission.
  • the memory 122 of the non-AP STA may store a signal (ie, a received signal) received through the transceiver 123 and may store a signal to be transmitted through the transceiver (ie, a transmission signal).
  • an operation of a device indicated as an AP in the following specification may be performed by the first STA 110 or the second STA 120 .
  • the operation of the device marked as AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110 , and is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110 .
  • Relevant signals may be transmitted or received via the controlled transceiver 113 .
  • control information related to an operation of the AP or a transmission/reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110 .
  • the operation of the device indicated by the AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120 and controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120 .
  • a related signal may be transmitted or received via the transceiver 123 that is used.
  • control information related to an operation of the AP or a transmission/reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 110 .
  • an operation of a device indicated as a non-AP in the following specification may be performed by the first STA 110 or the second STA 120 .
  • the operation of the device marked as non-AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and the processor ( A related signal may be transmitted or received via the transceiver 123 controlled by 121 .
  • control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the AP transmit/receive signal may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120 .
  • the operation of the device marked as non-AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110 , and the processor ( Related signals may be transmitted or received via transceiver 113 controlled by 111 .
  • control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the AP transmission/reception signal may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110 .
  • transmission / reception STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmission / reception) Terminal, (transmission / reception) device , (transmitting/receiving) apparatus, a device called a network, etc. may refer to the STAs 110 and 120 of FIG. 1 .
  • a device indicated by a /receiver) device, a (transmit/receive) apparatus, and a network may also refer to the STAs 110 and 120 of FIG. 1 .
  • an operation in which various STAs transmit and receive signals may be performed by the transceivers 113 and 123 of FIG. 1 .
  • an example of an operation of generating a transmission/reception signal or performing data processing or operation in advance for a transmission/reception signal is 1) Determining bit information of a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU /Acquisition/configuration/computation/decoding/encoding operation, 2) time resource or frequency resource (eg, subcarrier resource) used for the subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in the PPDU, etc.
  • a specific sequence eg, pilot sequence, STF / LTF sequence, SIG
  • SIG subfield
  • SIG subfield
  • STF subfield
  • LTF LTF
  • Data subfield
  • an operation related to determination / acquisition / configuration / operation / decoding / encoding of an ACK signal may include
  • various information eg, field/subfield/control field/parameter/power related information used by various STAs for determination/acquisition/configuration/computation/decoding/encoding of transmit/receive signals is may be stored in the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1 .
  • the device/STA of the sub-view (a) of FIG. 1 described above may be modified as shown in the sub-view (b) of FIG. 1 .
  • the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification will be described based on the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 .
  • the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the transceivers illustrated in (a) of FIG. 1 .
  • the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in (b) of FIG. 1 may include processors 111 and 121 and memories 112 and 122 .
  • the processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122 illustrated in (b) of FIG. 1 are the processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122 illustrated in (a) of FIG. ) can perform the same function.
  • a technical feature in which a transmitting STA transmits a control signal is that the control signals generated by the processors 111 and 121 shown in the sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 are (a) of FIG. ) / (b) can be understood as a technical feature transmitted through the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in (b).
  • the technical feature in which the transmitting STA transmits the control signal is a technical feature in which a control signal to be transmitted to the transceivers 113 and 123 is generated from the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in the sub-view (b) of FIG. can be understood
  • the technical feature in which the receiving STA receives the control signal may be understood as the technical feature in which the control signal is received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in the sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 .
  • the technical feature that the receiving STA receives the control signal is that the control signal received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in the sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 is the processor shown in (a) of FIG. 111, 121) can be understood as a technical feature obtained by.
  • the technical feature for the receiving STA to receive the control signal is that the control signal received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in the sub-view (b) of FIG. 1 is the processing chip shown in the sub-view (b) of FIG. It can be understood as a technical feature obtained by (114, 124).
  • software codes 115 and 125 may be included in the memories 112 and 122 .
  • the software codes 115 and 125 may include instructions for controlling the operations of the processors 111 and 121 .
  • Software code 115, 125 may be included in a variety of programming languages.
  • the processors 111 and 121 or the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in FIG. 1 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, and/or data processing devices.
  • the processor may be an application processor (AP).
  • the processors 111 and 121 or the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in FIG. 1 may include a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (Modem). and demodulator).
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • CPU central processing unit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • Modem modem
  • demodulator demodulator
  • SNAPDRAGONTM series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOSTM series processor manufactured by Samsung®, and a processor manufactured by Apple®. It may be an A series processor, a HELIOTM series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOMTM series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or a processor enhanced therewith.
  • uplink may mean a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and an uplink PPDU/packet/signal may be transmitted through the uplink.
  • downlink may mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and a downlink PPDU/packet/signal may be transmitted through the downlink.
  • WLAN wireless LAN
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of an infrastructure basic service set (BSS) of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11.
  • BSS infrastructure basic service set
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
  • a wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs 200 and 205 (hereinafter, BSSs).
  • BSSs 200 and 205 are a set of APs and STAs such as an access point (AP) 225 and a station 200-1 (STA1) that can communicate with each other through successful synchronization, and are not a concept indicating a specific area.
  • the BSS 205 may include one or more combinable STAs 205 - 1 and 205 - 2 to one AP 230 .
  • the BSS may include at least one STA, the APs 225 and 230 providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS) 210 connecting a plurality of APs.
  • DS distribution system
  • the distributed system 210 may implement an extended service set (ESS) 240 that is an extended service set by connecting several BSSs 200 and 205 .
  • ESS 240 may be used as a term indicating one network in which one or several APs are connected through the distributed system 210 .
  • APs included in one ESS 240 may have the same service set identification (SSID).
  • the portal 220 may serve as a bridge connecting a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) and another network (eg, 802.X).
  • IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11
  • 802.X another network
  • a network between the APs 225 and 230 and a network between the APs 225 and 230 and the STAs 200 - 1 , 205 - 1 and 205 - 2 may be implemented.
  • a network that establishes a network and performs communication even between STAs without the APs 225 and 230 is defined as an ad-hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS).
  • FIG. 2 The lower part of FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the IBSS.
  • the IBSS is a BSS operating in an ad-hoc mode. Since IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity that performs a centralized management function. That is, in the IBSS, the STAs 250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, and 255-5 are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) can be mobile STAs, and access to a distributed system is not allowed, so a self-contained network network) is formed.
  • 3 is a view for explaining a general link setup process.
  • the STA may perform a network discovery operation.
  • the network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, in order for the STA to access the network, it is necessary to find a network in which it can participate.
  • An STA must identify a compatible network before participating in a wireless network.
  • the process of identifying a network existing in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.
  • an STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to discover which APs exist nearby while moving channels, and waits for a response.
  • a responder transmits a probe response frame to the STA that has transmitted the probe request frame in response to the probe request frame.
  • the responder may be an STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned.
  • the AP since the AP transmits a beacon frame, the AP becomes the responder.
  • the STAs in the IBSS rotate and transmit the beacon frame, so the responder is not constant.
  • an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 stores BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and channel) to perform scanning (ie, probe request/response transmission/reception on channel 2) in the same way.
  • the scanning operation may be performed in a passive scanning manner.
  • An STA performing scanning based on passive scanning may wait for a beacon frame while moving channels.
  • the beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11, and is periodically transmitted to inform the existence of a wireless network, and to allow a scanning STA to search for a wireless network and participate in the wireless network.
  • the AP plays a role of periodically transmitting a beacon frame, and in the IBSS, the STAs in the IBSS rotate and transmit the beacon frame.
  • the STA performing scanning receives the beacon frame, it stores information on the BSS included in the beacon frame and records beacon frame information in each channel while moving to another channel.
  • the STA may store BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning on the next channel in the same manner.
  • the STA discovering the network may perform an authentication process through step S320.
  • This authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process in order to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 to be described later.
  • the authentication process of S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an authentication response frame to the STA.
  • An authentication frame used for an authentication request/response corresponds to a management frame.
  • the authentication frame includes an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), and a Finite Cyclic Group), etc. may be included.
  • RSN Robust Security Network
  • Finite Cyclic Group Finite Cyclic Group
  • the STA may transmit an authentication request frame to the AP.
  • the AP may determine whether to allow authentication for the corresponding STA based on information included in the received authentication request frame.
  • the AP may provide the result of the authentication process to the STA through the authentication response frame.
  • the successfully authenticated STA may perform a connection process based on step S330.
  • the association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA.
  • the connection request frame includes information related to various capabilities, a beacon listening interval, a service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, and a mobility domain.
  • SSID service set identifier
  • supported rates supported channels
  • RSN radio station
  • TIM broadcast request Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request
  • connection response frame includes information related to various capabilities, status codes, Association IDs (AIDs), support rates, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter sets, Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), Received Signal to Noise (RSNI). indicator), mobility domain, timeout interval (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, QoS map, and the like.
  • AIDs Association IDs
  • EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
  • RCPI Received Channel Power Indicator
  • RSNI Received Signal to Noise
  • indicator mobility domain
  • timeout interval association comeback time
  • overlapping BSS scan parameters TIM broadcast response
  • QoS map QoS map
  • step S340 the STA may perform a security setup process.
  • the security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a process of private key setup through 4-way handshaking through an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. .
  • EAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a PPDU used in the IEEE standard.
  • the LTF and STF fields include a training signal
  • SIG-A and SIG-B include control information for the receiving station
  • the data field includes user data corresponding to MAC PDU/Aggregated MAC PDU (PSDU).
  • the HE PPDU according to FIG. 4 is an example of a PPDU for multiple users, and HE-SIG-B may be included only for multiple users, and the corresponding HE-SIG-B may be omitted from the PPDU for a single user.
  • HE-PPDU for multiple users is L-STF (legacy-short training field), L-LTF (legacy-long training field), L-SIG (legacy-signal), HE-SIG-A (high efficiency-signal A), HE-SIG-B (high efficiency-signal-B), HE-STF (high efficiency-short training field), HE-LTF (high efficiency-long training field) , a data field (or MAC payload) and a packet extension (PE) field.
  • Each field may be transmitted during the illustrated time interval (ie, 4 or 8 ⁇ s, etc.).
  • a resource unit may include a plurality of subcarriers (or tones).
  • the resource unit may be used when transmitting a signal to a plurality of STAs based on the OFDMA technique. Also, even when a signal is transmitted to one STA, a resource unit may be defined.
  • the resource unit may be used for STF, LTF, data field, and the like.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used on a 20 MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • resource units corresponding to different numbers of tones (ie, subcarriers) may be used to configure some fields of the HE-PPDU.
  • resources may be allocated in units of RUs shown for HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields.
  • 26-units ie, units corresponding to 26 tones
  • Six tones may be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones may be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band.
  • 7 DC tones are inserted into the center band, that is, the DC band, and 26-units corresponding to each of 13 tones may exist on the left and right sides of the DC band.
  • 26-units, 52-units, and 106-units may be allocated to other bands. Each unit may be assigned for a receiving station, ie a user.
  • the RU arrangement of FIG. 5 is utilized not only in a situation for a plurality of users (MU) but also in a situation for a single user (SU), and in this case, as shown at the bottom of FIG. 5 , one 242-unit is used. It is possible to use and in this case 3 DC tones can be inserted.
  • RUs of various sizes ie, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, etc.
  • this embodiment is not limited to the specific size of each RU (ie, the number of corresponding tones).
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used on a 40 MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • RUs of various sizes are used, in the example of FIG. 6, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc. may be used.
  • 5 DC tones may be inserted into the center frequency, 12 tones are used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40MHz band, and 11 tones are used in the rightmost band of the 40MHz band. This can be used as a guard band.
  • 484-RU when used for a single user, 484-RU may be used. Meanwhile, the fact that the specific number of RUs can be changed is the same as in the example of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of resource units (RUs) used on an 80 MHz band.
  • 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, 996-RU, etc. may be used. have.
  • 7 DC tones can be inserted into the center frequency, 12 tones are used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 80MHz band, and 11 tones are used in the rightmost band of the 80MHz band. This can be used as a guard band.
  • 26-RU using 13 tones located on the left and right of the DC band can be used.
  • 996-RU when used for a single user, 996-RU may be used, and in this case, 5 DC tones may be inserted.
  • the RU described in this specification may be used for uplink (UL) communication and downlink (DL) communication.
  • a transmitting STA eg, AP
  • a first RU eg, 26/52/106
  • a second RU eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.
  • the first STA may transmit a first trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU
  • the second STA may transmit a second trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU.
  • the first/second trigger-based PPDUs are transmitted to the AP in the same time interval.
  • the transmitting STA (eg, AP) allocates a first RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to the first STA, and A second RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) may be allocated to the 2 STAs. That is, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) may transmit the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA through the first RU within one MU PPDU, and the second through the second RU. HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for 2 STAs may be transmitted.
  • HE-SIG-B Information on the arrangement of the RU may be signaled through HE-SIG-B.
  • the HE-SIG-B field 810 includes a common field 820 and a user-specific field 830 .
  • the common field 820 may include information commonly applied to all users (ie, user STAs) receiving SIG-B.
  • the user-individual field 830 may be referred to as a user-individual control field.
  • the user-individual field 830 may be applied only to some of the plurality of users when the SIG-B is delivered to a plurality of users.
  • the common field 820 and the user-individual field 830 may be encoded separately.
  • the common field 820 may include N*8 bits of RU allocation information.
  • the RU allocation information may include information about the location of the RU. For example, when a 20 MHz channel is used as shown in FIG. 5, the RU allocation information may include information on which RUs (26-RU/52-RU/106-RU) are disposed in which frequency band. .
  • a maximum of nine 26-RUs may be allocated to a 20 MHz channel.
  • Table 1 when the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is set to '00000000', nine 26-RUs may be allocated to a corresponding channel (ie, 20 MHz).
  • Table 1 when the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is set to '00000001', seven 26-RUs and one 52-RU are arranged in a corresponding channel. That is, in the example of FIG. 5 , 52-RUs may be allocated to the rightmost side, and seven 26-RUs may be allocated to the left side thereof.
  • Table 1 shows only some of the RU locations that can be indicated by the RU allocation information.
  • the RU allocation information may further include an example of Table 2 below.
  • “01000y2y1y0” relates to an example in which 106-RU is allocated to the leftmost side of a 20 MHz channel, and 5 26-RUs are allocated to the right side thereof.
  • a plurality of STAs eg, User-STAs
  • a maximum of 8 STAs eg, User-STAs
  • the number of STAs eg, User-STAs allocated to the 106-RU is 3-bit information (y2y1y0).
  • the number of STAs (eg, User-STAs) allocated to the 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO technique may be N+1.
  • a plurality of different STAs may be allocated to a plurality of RUs.
  • a plurality of STAs may be allocated to one RU having a specific size (eg, 106 subcarriers) or more based on the MU-MIMO technique.
  • the user-individual field 830 may include a plurality of user fields.
  • the number of STAs (eg, user STAs) allocated to a specific channel may be determined based on the RU allocation information of the common field 820 .
  • the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is '00000000'
  • one user STA may be allocated to each of the nine 26-RUs (that is, a total of nine user STAs are allocated). That is, up to 9 user STAs may be allocated to a specific channel through the OFDMA technique. In other words, up to 9 user STAs may be allocated to a specific channel through the non-MU-MIMO technique.
  • RU allocation is set to “01000y2y1y0”
  • a plurality of user STAs are allocated to the 106-RU disposed on the leftmost side through the MU-MIMO technique
  • five 26-RUs disposed on the right side have Five user STAs may be allocated through the non-MU-MIMO technique. This case is embodied through an example of FIG. 9 .
  • FIG 9 shows an example in which a plurality of user STAs are allocated to the same RU through the MU-MIMO technique.
  • RU allocation is set to “01000010” as shown in FIG. 9, based on Table 2, 106-RU is allocated to the leftmost side of a specific channel, and 5 26-RUs are allocated to the right side.
  • a total of three user STAs may be allocated to the 106-RU through the MU-MIMO technique.
  • the user-individual field 830 of HE-SIG-B may include 8 User fields.
  • Eight user fields may be included in the order shown in FIG. 9 . Also, as shown in FIG. 8 , two user fields may be implemented as one user block field.
  • the User field shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 may be configured based on two formats. That is, the user field related to the MU-MIMO technique may be configured in the first format, and the user field related to the non-MU-MIMO technique may be configured in the second format.
  • User fields 1 to 3 may be based on a first format
  • User fields 4 to 8 may be based on a second format.
  • the first format or the second format may include bit information of the same length (eg, 21 bits).
  • Each user field may have the same size (eg, 21 bits).
  • the user field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO technique) may be configured as follows.
  • the first bit (eg, B0-B10) in the user field is identification information of the user STA to which the corresponding user field is allocated (eg, STA-ID, partial AID, etc.) may include
  • the second bit (eg, B11-B14) in the user field may include information about spatial configuration.
  • examples of the second bits may be as shown in Tables 3 to 4 below.
  • information about the number of spatial streams for a user STA may consist of 4 bits.
  • information on the number of spatial streams (ie, second bits, B11-B14) for a user STA may support up to 8 spatial streams.
  • information on the number of spatial streams (ie, the second bit, B11-B14) may support up to four spatial streams for one user STA.
  • the third bit (ie, B15-18) in the user field (ie, 21 bits) may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • the MCS information may be applied to a data field in the PPDU including the corresponding SIG-B.
  • MCS MCS information
  • MCS index MCS field, etc. used in this specification may be indicated by a specific index value.
  • MCS information may be indicated by index 0 to index 11.
  • MCS information includes information about a constellation modulation type (eg, BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, etc.), and a coding rate (eg, 1/2, 2/ 3, 3/4, 5/6, etc.).
  • a channel coding type eg, BCC or LDPC
  • the fourth bit (ie, B19) in the User field (ie, 21 bits) may be a Reserved field.
  • a fifth bit (ie, B20) in the user field may include information about a coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC). That is, the fifth bit (ie, B20) may include information on the type of channel coding (eg, BCC or LDPC) applied to the data field in the PPDU including the corresponding SIG-B.
  • a coding type eg, BCC or LDPC
  • the above-described example relates to the User Field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO technique).
  • An example of the user field of the second format (the format of the non-MU-MIMO technique) is as follows.
  • the first bit (eg, B0-B10) in the user field of the second format may include identification information of the user STA.
  • the second bit (eg, B11-B13) in the user field of the second format may include information about the number of spatial streams applied to the corresponding RU.
  • the third bit (eg, B14) in the user field of the second format may include information on whether a beamforming steering matrix is applied.
  • a fourth bit (eg, B15-B18) in the user field of the second format may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information.
  • a fifth bit (eg, B19) in the user field of the second format may include information on whether Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM) is applied.
  • the sixth bit (ie, B20) in the user field of the second format may include information about a coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC).
  • the transmitting STA may perform channel access through contending (ie, backoff operation) and transmit a trigger frame 1030 . That is, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) may transmit the PPDU including the Trigger Frame 1330 .
  • a TB (trigger-based) PPDU is transmitted after a delay of SIFS.
  • the TB PPDUs 1041 and 1042 may be transmitted in the same time zone, and may be transmitted from a plurality of STAs (eg, user STAs) whose AIDs are indicated in the trigger frame 1030 .
  • the ACK frame 1050 for the TB PPDU may be implemented in various forms.
  • an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technique or MU MIMO technique may be used, and OFDMA and MU MIMO technique may be used simultaneously.
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • the trigger frame of FIG. 11 allocates resources for uplink multiple-user transmission (MU), and may be transmitted, for example, from an AP.
  • the trigger frame may be composed of a MAC frame and may be included in a PPDU.
  • Each field shown in FIG. 11 may be partially omitted, and another field may be added. In addition, the length of each field may be changed differently from that shown.
  • the frame control field 1110 of FIG. 11 includes information about the version of the MAC protocol and other additional control information, and the duration field 1120 includes time information for NAV setting or an STA identifier (eg, For example, information on AID) may be included.
  • the RA field 1130 includes address information of the receiving STA of the corresponding trigger frame, and may be omitted if necessary.
  • the TA field 1140 includes address information of an STA (eg, AP) that transmits the trigger frame
  • the common information field 1150 is a common information field 1150 applied to the receiving STA that receives the trigger frame.
  • a field indicating the length of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame or the SIG-A field (ie, HE-SIG-A) in the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame. field) may include information controlling the content.
  • common control information information on the length of the CP or the length of the LTF field of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame may be included.
  • per user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N corresponding to the number of receiving STAs receiving the trigger frame of FIG. 11 .
  • the individual user information field may be referred to as an “allocation field”.
  • the trigger frame of FIG. 11 may include a padding field 1170 and a frame check sequence field 1180 .
  • Each of the per user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N shown in FIG. 11 may again include a plurality of subfields.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of a common information field of a trigger frame. Some of the subfields of FIG. 12 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. Also, the length of each subfield shown may be changed.
  • the illustrated length field 1210 has the same value as the length field of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame, and the length field of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU indicates the length of the uplink PPDU.
  • the length field 1210 of the trigger frame may be used to indicate the length of the corresponding uplink PPDU.
  • the cascade indicator field 1220 indicates whether a cascade operation is performed.
  • the cascade operation means that downlink MU transmission and uplink MU transmission are performed together in the same TXOP. That is, after downlink MU transmission is performed, it means that uplink MU transmission is performed after a preset time (eg, SIFS).
  • a preset time eg, SIFS.
  • the CS request field 1230 indicates whether the state of the radio medium or NAV should be considered in a situation in which the receiving device receiving the corresponding trigger frame transmits the corresponding uplink PPDU.
  • the HE-SIG-A information field 1240 may include information for controlling the content of the SIG-A field (ie, the HE-SIG-A field) of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame.
  • the CP and LTF type field 1250 may include information on the LTF length and CP length of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame.
  • the trigger type field 1060 may indicate the purpose for which the corresponding trigger frame is used, for example, normal triggering, triggering for beamforming, and a request for Block ACK/NACK.
  • the trigger type field 1260 of the trigger frame indicates a basic type trigger frame for normal triggering.
  • a basic type trigger frame may be referred to as a basic trigger frame.
  • the user information field 1300 of FIG. 13 shows an example of a subfield included in a per user information field.
  • the user information field 1300 of FIG. 13 may be understood as any one of the individual user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N mentioned in FIG. 11 above. Some of the subfields included in the user information field 1300 of FIG. 13 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. Also, the length of each subfield shown may be changed.
  • a User Identifier field 1310 of FIG. 13 indicates an identifier of an STA (ie, a receiving STA) corresponding to per user information, and an example of the identifier is an association identifier (AID) of the receiving STA. It can be all or part of a value.
  • an RU Allocation field 1320 may be included. That is, when the receiving STA identified by the user identifier field 1310 transmits the TB PPDU in response to the trigger frame, it transmits the TB PPDU through the RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320 .
  • the RU indicated by the RU Allocation field 1320 may be the RU shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 .
  • the subfield of FIG. 13 may include a coding type field 1330 .
  • the coding type field 1330 may indicate the coding type of the TB PPDU. For example, when BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330 is set to '1', and when LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1330 can be set to '0'. have.
  • the subfield of FIG. 13 may include an MCS field 1340 .
  • the MCS field 1340 may indicate an MCS technique applied to a TB PPDU. For example, when BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330 is set to '1', and when LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1330 can be set to '0'. have.
  • a transmitting STA may allocate 6 RU resources as shown in FIG. 14 through a trigger frame.
  • the AP is a first RU resource (AID 0, RU 1), a second RU resource (AID 0, RU 2), a third RU resource (AID 0, RU 3), a fourth RU resource (AID 2045, RU) 4), a fifth RU resource (AID 2045, RU 5) and a sixth RU resource (AID 3, RU 6) may be allocated.
  • Information on AID 0, AID 3, or AID 2045 may be included, for example, in the user identification field 1310 of FIG. 13 .
  • Information on RU 1 to RU 6 may be included in, for example, the RU allocation field 1320 of FIG. 13 .
  • the first to third RU resources of FIG. 14 may be used as UORA resources for an associated STA
  • the fourth to fifth RU resources of FIG. 14 are non-associated for STAs. It may be used as a UORA resource
  • the sixth RU resource of FIG. 14 may be used as a resource for a normal UL MU.
  • the OFDMA random access backoff (OBO) counter of STA1 decreases to 0, and STA1 randomly selects the second RU resources (AID 0, RU 2).
  • OBO counter of STA2/3 is greater than 0, uplink resources are not allocated to STA2/3.
  • STA1 of FIG. 14 is an associated STA, there are a total of three eligible RA RUs for STA1 (RU 1, RU 2, RU 3), and accordingly, STA1 decrements the OBO counter by 3 to increase the OBO counter. became 0.
  • STA2 in FIG. 14 is an associated STA, there are a total of three eligible RA RUs for STA2 (RU 1, RU 2, RU 3), and accordingly, STA2 decrements the OBO counter by 3, but the OBO counter is 0. is in a larger state.
  • STA3 of FIG. 14 is an un-associated STA, the eligible RA RUs for STA3 are two (RU 4, RU 5) in total, and accordingly, STA3 decrements the OBO counter by 2, but the OBO counter is is greater than 0.
  • 15 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined in a 2.4 GHz band.
  • the 2.4 GHz band may be referred to as another name such as a first band (band). Also, the 2.4 GHz band may mean a frequency region in which channels having a center frequency adjacent to 2.4 GHz (eg, channels having a center frequency within 2.4 to 2.5 GHz) are used/supported/defined.
  • the 2.4 GHz band may contain multiple 20 MHz channels.
  • 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band may have multiple channel indices (eg, indices 1 to 14).
  • a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index 1 is allocated may be 2.412 GHz
  • a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index 2 is allocated may be 2.417 GHz
  • 20 MHz to which channel index N is allocated may be allocated.
  • the center frequency of the channel may be (2.407 + 0.005*N) GHz.
  • the channel index may be referred to by various names such as a channel number. Specific values of the channel index and the center frequency may be changed.
  • the illustrated first frequency region 1510 to fourth frequency region 1540 may each include one channel.
  • the first frequency domain 1510 may include channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel having index 1).
  • the center frequency of channel 1 may be set to 2412 MHz.
  • the second frequency domain 1520 may include channel 6 .
  • the center frequency of channel 6 may be set to 2437 MHz.
  • the third frequency domain 1530 may include channel 11 .
  • the center frequency of channel 11 may be set to 2462 MHz.
  • the fourth frequency domain 1540 may include channel 14. In this case, the center frequency of channel 14 may be set to 2484 MHz.
  • 16 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within the 5 GHz band.
  • the 5 GHz band may be referred to as another name such as a second band/band.
  • the 5 GHz band may mean a frequency region in which channels having a center frequency of 5 GHz or more and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used/supported/defined.
  • the 5 GHz band may include a plurality of channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific numerical values shown in FIG. 16 may be changed.
  • the plurality of channels in the 5 GHz band include UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM.
  • UNII-1 may be referred to as UNII Low.
  • UNII-2 may include a frequency domain called UNII Mid and UNII-2Extended.
  • UNII-3 may be referred to as UNII-Upper.
  • a plurality of channels may be set in the 5 GHz band, and the bandwidth of each channel may be variously set to 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency region/range in UNII-1 and UNII-2 may be divided into eight 20 MHz channels.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain/range may be divided into 4 channels through the 40 MHz frequency domain.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain/range may be divided into two channels through the 80 MHz frequency domain.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain/range may be divided into one channel through the 160 MHz frequency domain.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within the 6 GHz band.
  • the 6 GHz band may be referred to as another name such as a third band/band.
  • the 6 GHz band may mean a frequency region in which channels having a center frequency of 5.9 GHz or higher are used/supported/defined.
  • the specific numerical values shown in FIG. 17 may be changed.
  • the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 17 may be defined from 5.940 GHz.
  • the leftmost channel may have an index 1 (or, a channel index, a channel number, etc.), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz may be allocated. That is, the center frequency of the channel index N may be determined to be (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz.
  • the index (or channel number) of the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 17 is 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233.
  • the index of the 40 MHz channel of FIG. 17 is 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, 227.
  • a 240 MHz channel or a 320 MHz channel may be additionally added.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be called by various names such as an EHT PPDU, a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, a first type or an Nth type PPDU.
  • a PPDU or an EHT PPDU may be referred to by various names such as a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, a first type or an Nth type PPDU.
  • the EHT PPU may be used in an EHT system and/or a new wireless LAN system in which the EHT system is improved.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may indicate some or all of the PPDU types used in the EHT system.
  • the example of FIG. 18 may be used for both a single-user (SU) mode and a multi-user (MU) mode, or may be used only for the SU mode, or may be used only for the MU mode.
  • a trigger-based PPDU (TB) on the EHT system may be separately defined or configured based on the example of FIG. 18 .
  • the trigger frame described through at least one of FIGS. 10 to 14 and the UL-MU operation (eg, the TB PPDU transmission operation) started by the trigger frame may be directly applied to the EHT system.
  • L-STF to EHT-LTF may be referred to as a preamble or a physical preamble, and may be generated/transmitted/received/acquired/decoded in a physical layer.
  • the subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields of FIG. 18 is set to 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields may be set to 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields is displayed in units of 312.5 kHz, EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, The tone index (or subcarrier index) of the Data field may be displayed in units of 78.125 kHz.
  • L-LTF and L-STF may be the same as the conventional fields.
  • the L-SIG field of FIG. 18 may include, for example, 24-bit bit information.
  • 24-bit information may include a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit Parity bit, and a 6-bit Tail bit.
  • the 12-bit Length field may include information about the length or time duration of the PPDU.
  • the value of the 12-bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, when the PPDU is a non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU or an EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3.
  • the value of the Length field may be determined as “a multiple of 3 + 1” or “a multiple of 3 +2”.
  • the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3
  • the value of the Length field is “a multiple of 3 + 1” or “a multiple of 3” +2”.
  • the transmitting STA may apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1/2 to 24-bit information of the L-SIG field. Thereafter, the transmitting STA may acquire a 48-bit BCC encoding bit. BPSK modulation may be applied to 48-bit coded bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA may map 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding pilot subcarriers ⁇ subcarrier indexes -21, -7, +7, +21 ⁇ and DC subcarriers ⁇ subcarrier index 0 ⁇ .
  • the transmitting STA may additionally map signals of ⁇ -1, -1, -1, 1 ⁇ to the subcarrier indexes ⁇ -28, -27, +27, 28 ⁇ .
  • the above signal can be used for channel estimation in the frequency domain corresponding to ⁇ -28, -27, +27, 28 ⁇ .
  • the transmitting STA may generate the RL-SIG generated in the same way as the L-SIG.
  • BPSK modulation is applied.
  • the receiving STA may know that the received PPDU is an HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU based on the existence of the RL-SIG.
  • a U-SIG may be inserted after the RL-SIG of FIG. 18 .
  • the U-SIG may be referred to by various names, such as a first SIG field, a first SIG, a first type SIG, a control signal, a control signal field, and a first (type) control signal.
  • the U-SIG may include information of N bits, and may include information for identifying the type of the EHT PPDU.
  • the U-SIG may be configured based on two symbols (eg, two consecutive OFDM symbols).
  • Each symbol (eg, OFDM symbol) for U-SIG may have a duration of 4 us.
  • Each symbol of the U-SIG may be used to transmit 26-bit information.
  • each symbol of U-SIG may be transmitted/received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.
  • A-bit information (eg, 52 un-coded bits) may be transmitted, and the first symbol of the U-SIG is the first of the total A-bit information.
  • X-bit information (eg, 26 un-coded bits) is transmitted, and the second symbol of U-SIG can transmit the remaining Y-bit information (eg, 26 un-coded bits) of the total A-bit information.
  • the transmitting STA may obtain 26 un-coded bits included in each U-SIG symbol.
  • the transmitting STA may generate 52 BPSK symbols allocated to each U-SIG symbol by performing BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bits.
  • One U-SIG symbol may be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28 except for DC index 0.
  • the 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA may be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21 tones.
  • A-bit information (eg, 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by U-SIG includes a CRC field (eg, a 4-bit long field) and a tail field (eg, a 6-bit long field). ) may be included.
  • the CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG.
  • the CRC field may be generated based on the remaining 16 bits except for the CRC/tail field in the 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the second symbol, and may be generated based on the conventional CRC calculation algorithm.
  • the tail field may be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder, and may be set, for example, to “000000”.
  • a bit information (eg, 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by U-SIG may be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits.
  • the size of version-independent bits may be fixed or variable.
  • the version-independent bits may be allocated only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the version-independent bits may be allocated to both the first symbol and the second symbol of the U-SIG.
  • the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits may be referred to by various names such as a first control bit and a second control bit.
  • the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier.
  • the 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of the transmission/reception PPDU.
  • the first value of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmission/reception PPDU is an EHT PPDU.
  • the transmitting STA may set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value.
  • the receiving STA may determine that the receiving PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value.
  • the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL/DL flag field.
  • a first value of the 1-bit UL/DL flag field relates to UL communication, and a second value of the UL/DL flag field relates to DL communication.
  • the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include information about the length of the TXOP and information about the BSS color ID.
  • EHT PPDU when the EHT PPDU is divided into various types (eg, various types such as EHT PPDU supporting SU, EHT PPDU supporting MU, EHT PPDU related to Trigger Frame, EHT PPDU related to Extended Range transmission) , information on the type of the EHT PPDU may be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.
  • various types eg, various types such as EHT PPDU supporting SU, EHT PPDU supporting MU, EHT PPDU related to Trigger Frame, EHT PPDU related to Extended Range transmission
  • information on the type of the EHT PPDU may be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.
  • U-SIG is 1) a bandwidth field including information about bandwidth, 2) a field including information about an MCS technique applied to EHT-SIG, 3) dual subcarrier modulation to EHT-SIG (dual An indication field including information on whether subcarrier modulation, DCM) technique is applied, 4) a field including information on the number of symbols used for EHT-SIG, 5) EHT-SIG is generated over the entire band It may include information about a field including information on whether or not, 6) a field including information about the type of EHT-LTF/STF, 7) a field indicating the length of EHT-LTF and a CP length.
  • Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of FIG. 18 .
  • Preamble puncturing refers to applying puncturing to some bands (eg, secondary 20 MHz band) among all bands of the PPDU. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA may apply puncturing to the secondary 20 MHz band among the 80 MHz band and transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band.
  • the pattern of preamble puncturing may be set in advance. For example, when the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to any one of the two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band).
  • the primary 40 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band) is present and does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band. Puncture may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel.
  • Information on preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in the U-SIG and/or the EHT-SIG.
  • the first field of the U-SIG includes information about the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU
  • the second field of the U-SIG includes information about the preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU. have.
  • U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing based on the following method.
  • the U-SIG may be individually configured in units of 80 MHz.
  • the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band.
  • the first field of the first U-SIG includes information about the 160 MHz bandwidth
  • the second field of the first U-SIG includes information about the preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (that is, the preamble information about the puncturing pattern).
  • the first field of the second U-SIG includes information on 160 MHz bandwidth
  • the second field of the second U-SIG includes information on preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (ie, preamble puncture). information about processing patterns).
  • the EHT-SIG subsequent to the first U-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (that is, information on the preamble puncturing pattern), and in the second U-SIG
  • the successive EHT-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (ie, information about a preamble puncturing pattern).
  • U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing based on the following method.
  • the U-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing for all bands (ie, information on preamble puncturing patterns). That is, the EHT-SIG does not include information about the preamble puncturing, and only the U-SIG may include information about the preamble puncturing (ie, information about the preamble puncturing pattern).
  • the U-SIG may be configured in units of 20 MHz. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, the U-SIG may be duplicated. That is, the same 4 U-SIGs may be included in the 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding the 80 MHz bandwidth may include different U-SIGs.
  • the EHT-SIG of FIG. 18 may include the technical features of the HE-SIG-B shown in the examples of FIGS. 8 to 9 as it is.
  • the EHT-SIG may be called by various names such as a second SIG field, a second SIG, a second type SIG, a control signal, a control signal field, and a second (type) control signal.
  • the EHT-SIG may include N-bit information (eg, 1-bit information) regarding whether the EHT-PPDU supports the SU mode or the MU mode.
  • N-bit information eg, 1-bit information
  • the EHT-SIG may be configured based on various MCS techniques. As described above, information related to the MCS technique applied to the EHT-SIG may be included in the U-SIG.
  • the EHT-SIG may be configured based on the DCM technique. For example, among the N data tones (eg, 52 data tones) allocated for the EHT-SIG, a first modulation scheme is applied to a continuous half tone, and a second modulation scheme is applied to the remaining consecutive half tones. technique can be applied. That is, the transmitting STA modulates specific control information into a first symbol based on the first modulation scheme and allocates to consecutive half tones, modulates the same control information into a second symbol based on the second modulation scheme, and modulates the remaining consecutive tones.
  • N data tones eg, 52 data tones
  • the EHT-STF of FIG. 18 may be used to improve automatic gain control estimation in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) environment or an OFDMA environment.
  • the EHT-LTF of FIG. 18 may be used to estimate a channel in a MIMO environment or an OFDMA environment.
  • the EHT-STF of FIG. 18 may be set to various types.
  • the first type of STF ie, 1x STF
  • An STF signal generated based on the first type STF sequence may have a period of 0.8 ⁇ s, and the 0.8 ⁇ s period signal may be repeated 5 times to become a first type STF having a length of 4 ⁇ s.
  • the second type of STF ie, 2x STF
  • the STF signal generated based on the second type STF sequence may have a cycle of 1.6 ⁇ s, and the cycle signal of 1.6 ⁇ s may be repeated 5 times to become a second type EHT-STF having a length of 8 ⁇ s.
  • EHT-STF sequence for configuring the EHT-STF is presented. The following sequence may be modified in various ways.
  • the EHT-STF may be configured based on the following M sequence.
  • M ⁇ -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1 ⁇
  • the EHT-STF for the 20 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • the following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.
  • the first type sequence may be included in an EHT-PPDU rather than a trigger-based (TB) PPDU.
  • (a:b:c) may mean a section defined as a b tone interval (ie, subcarrier interval) from a tone index (ie, subcarrier index) to c tone index.
  • Equation 2 below may represent a sequence defined at intervals of 16 tones from tone index -112 to index 112.
  • EHT-STF(-112:16:112) ⁇ M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the EHT-STF for the 40 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • the following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.
  • EHT-STF(-240:16:240) ⁇ M, 0, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the EHT-STF for the 80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • the following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.
  • EHT-STF(-496:16:496) ⁇ M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the EHT-STF for the 160 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • the following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.
  • EHT-STF(-1008:16:1008) ⁇ M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, -M, 0, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • a sequence for the lower 80 MHz among the EHT-STFs for the 80+80 MHz PPDU may be the same as Equation (4).
  • a sequence for the upper 80 MHz among the EHT-STFs for the 80+80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • EHT-STF(-496:16:496) ⁇ -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • Equations 7 to 11 below relate to an example of a second type (ie, 2x STF) sequence.
  • EHT-STF(-120:8:120) ⁇ M, 0, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the EHT-STF for the 40 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • EHT-STF(-248:8:248) ⁇ M, -1, -M, 0, M, -1, M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the EHT-STF for the 80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • EHT-STF(-504:8:504) ⁇ M, -1, M, -1, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the EHT-STF for the 160 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • EHT-STF(-1016:16:1016) ⁇ M, -1, M, -1, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the sequence for the lower 80 MHz among the EHT-STFs for the 80+80 MHz PPDU may be the same as Equation 9.
  • a sequence for the upper 80 MHz among the EHT-STFs for the 80+80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • EHT-STF(-504:8:504) ⁇ -M, 1, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M ⁇ * (1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the EHT-LTF may have a first, second, and third type (ie, 1x, 2x, 4x LTF).
  • the first/second/third type LTF may be generated based on an LTF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are disposed at intervals of 4/2/1 subcarriers.
  • the first/second/third type LTF may have a time length of 3.2/6.4/12.8 ⁇ s.
  • GIs of various lengths eg, 0.8/1/6/3.2 ⁇ s may be applied to the first/second/third type LTF.
  • Information on the type of STF and/or LTF may be included in the SIG A field and/or the SIG B field of FIG. 18 .
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 (ie, EHT-PPDU) may be configured based on the examples of FIGS. 5 and 6 .
  • the EHT PPDU transmitted on the 20 MHz band may be configured based on the RU of FIG. 5 . That is, the location of the RU of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data field included in the EHT PPDU may be determined as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the EHT PPDU transmitted on the 40 MHz band may be configured based on the RU of FIG. 6 . That is, the location of the RU of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data field included in the EHT PPDU may be determined as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • a tone-plan for 80 MHz may be determined. That is, the 80 MHz EHT PPDU may be transmitted based on a new tone-plan in which the RU of FIG. 6 is repeated twice instead of the RU of FIG. 7 .
  • 23 tones may be configured in the DC region. That is, the tone-plan for the 80 MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on OFDMA may have 23 DC tones.
  • 80 MHz EHT PPDU ie, non-OFDMA full bandwidth 80 MHz PPDU allocated based on Non-OFDMA is configured based on 996 RUs and consists of 5 DC tones, 12 left guard tones, and 11 right guard tones.
  • the tone-plan for 160/240/320 MHz may be configured in the form of repeating the pattern of FIG. 6 several times.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be identified as an EHT PPDU based on the following method.
  • the receiving STA may determine the type of the receiving PPDU as an EHT PPDU based on the following items. For example, 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal of the received PPDU is BPSK, 2) the RL-SIG where the L-SIG of the received PPDU is repeated is detected, and 3) the L-SIG of the received PPDU is Length When the result of applying “modulo 3” to the field value is detected as “0”, the received PPDU may be determined as an EHT PPDU.
  • the receiving STA determines the type of the EHT PPDU (eg, SU/MU/Trigger-based/Extended Range type) based on bit information included in the symbols after RL-SIG of FIG. 18 . ) can be detected.
  • the receiving STA 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal that is BSPK, 2) the RL-SIG continuous to the L-SIG field and the same as the L-SIG, and 3) the result of applying “modulo 3” Based on the L-SIG including the Length field set to “0”, the received PPDU may be determined as the EHT PPDU.
  • the receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU as the HE PPDU based on the following items. For example, 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, 2) RL-SIG where L-SIG is repeated is detected, 3) “modulo 3” is applied to the Length value of L-SIG. When the result is detected as “1” or “2”, the received PPDU may be determined as an HE PPDU.
  • the receiving STA may determine the received PPDU type as non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU based on the following items. For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, and 2) RL-SIG in which L-SIG is repeated is not detected, the received PPDU is determined to be non-HT, HT and VHT PPDU. can In addition, even if the receiving STA detects the repetition of RL-SIG, if the result of applying “modulo 3” to the L-SIG Length value is detected as “0”, the received PPDU is non-HT, HT and VHT PPDU can be judged as
  • (transmit/receive/uplink/downlink) signals may be a signal transmitted/received based on the PPDU of FIG. 18 .
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used to transmit/receive various types of frames.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used for a control frame.
  • control frame may include request to send (RTS), clear to send (CTS), Power Save-Poll (PS-Poll), BlockACKReq, BlockAck, Null Data Packet (NDP) announcement, and Trigger Frame.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used for a management frame.
  • An example of the management frame may include a Beacon frame, (Re-)Association Request frame, (Re-)Association Response frame, Probe Request frame, and Probe Response frame.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used for a data frame.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used to simultaneously transmit at least two or more of a control frame, a management frame, and a data frame.
  • 19 shows a tone plan for an 80 MHz band in an EHT wireless LAN system.
  • the tone plan for the 80 MHz band may be defined by repeating the tone plan of 40 MHz (the RU pattern in FIG. 6 ) defined in the 802.11ax wireless LAN system twice.
  • 19 is a diagram illustrating a tone plan for an 80 MHz band of an EHT wireless LAN system as a specific RU pattern.
  • a tone-plan for an 80 MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on OFDMA may have 23 DC tones (ie, 11 guard tones + 12 guard tones). Also, one or two null tones (or null subcarriers) may be inserted between 26 RU, 52 RU, and 106 RU (shown as 102+4 RU).
  • FIG. 19 shows the position and number of null subcarriers shown in FIG. 6 in more detail.
  • both the left 484 RU and the right 484 RU shown in FIG. 19 may include 5 DC tones in the center.
  • the RU on the left of the DC tone in the center is indicated by 484L
  • the RU on the right is indicated by 484R.
  • the RU to the left of the DC tone in the center is indicated by 484L
  • the RU to the right is indicated by 484R.
  • 80 MHz EHT PPDU (ie, non-OFDMA full bandwidth 80 MHz PPDU) allocated based on Non-OFDMA is configured based on 996 RUs and consists of 5 DC tones, 12 left guard tones, and 11 right guard tones.
  • 8 MHz EHT PPDU ie, non-OFDMA full bandwidth 80 MHz PPDU allocated based on Non-OFDMA is configured based on 996 RUs and consists of 5 DC tones, 12 left guard tones, and 11 right guard tones.
  • the tone-plan for 160/240/320 MHz may be configured in the form of repeating the pattern of FIG. 19 several times.
  • WiFi networks grow very rapidly as they offer high throughput and are easy to deploy.
  • CSI Channel State Information
  • this specification comprehensively reviews the signal processing technology, algorithm, application, and performance results of WiFi sensing using CSI.
  • Different WiFi sensing algorithms and signal processing technologies have their own advantages and limitations and are suitable for different WiFi sensing applications.
  • This specification classifies CSI-based WiFi sensing applications into three categories: sensing, recognition, and estimation according to whether the output is binary/multi-class classification or numeric. With the development and deployment of new WiFi technologies, there will be more WiFi sensing opportunities where objects can move from humans to the environment, animals and objects.
  • This specification emphasizes the coexistence of three challenges in WiFi sensing: robustness and generalization, privacy and security, and WiFi sensing and networking.
  • this specification proposes three future WiFi sensing trends: inter-layer network information integration, multi-device cooperation, and fusion of different sensors to enhance the existing WiFi sensing function and enable new WiFi sensing opportunities.
  • MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
  • CSI channel state information
  • CSI refers to how a radio path propagates from a transmitter to a receiver at a specific carrier frequency along multiple paths.
  • CSI is a 3D matrix of complex values representing the amplitude attenuation and phase shift of a multipath WiFi channel.
  • Time series of CSI measurements can be used for other wireless sensing applications by capturing how radio signals travel through surrounding objects and people in time, frequency, and spatial domains.
  • CSI amplitude fluctuations in the time domain can be used for human presence detection, fall detection, motion detection, activity recognition, gesture recognition, and human, activity, gesture, etc. different patterns that can be used for human identification/authentication. has
  • CSI phase shift in spatial and frequency domains i.e., transmit/receive antenna and carrier frequencies
  • the CSI phase shift in the time domain can have other dominant frequency components that can be used to estimate the respiration rate.
  • Various WiFi sensing applications have specific requirements for signal processing techniques and classification/estimation algorithms.
  • This specification proposes signal processing technologies, algorithms, applications, performance results, challenges, and future trends of WiFi sensing through CSI to increase understanding of existing WiFi sensing technologies and gain insight into future WiFi sensing directions.
  • 20 is a flowchart illustrating a WiFi sensing procedure.
  • a WiFi signal (eg, CSI measurement value) including a mathematical model, a measurement procedure, an actual WiFi model, a basic processing principle, and an experimental platform is input from the Input stage 2010 .
  • Raw CSI measurements are fed to the signal processing module for noise reduction, signal conversion and/or signal extraction as indicated in the Signal Processing stage 2020.
  • the pre-processed CSI tracking is supplied as a modeling-based, learning-based, or hybrid algorithm, such as the Algorithm stage 2030, to obtain an output for various WiFi sensing purposes. Depending on the output type, WiFi sensing can be classified into three categories.
  • the detection/recognition application tries to solve the binary/multi-class classification problem
  • the estimation application tries to obtain the quantity values of other tasks.
  • 21 shows a flow diagram of a general procedure of sensing human activity via a wireless signal.
  • the sensing system is a different sensing method (eg, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Channel State Information (CSI), Frequency Modulated Carrier Wave (FMCW), and Doppler shift) based on human activity and
  • the related signal change is first extracted.
  • a series of signal preprocessing procedures eg, filtering, denoising, and correction
  • filtering, denoising, and correction are then employed to mitigate the effects of interference, ambient noise, and system offsets.
  • unique features are extracted and served as machine learning models to perform human activity detection and recognition.
  • the human activity sensing procedure of FIG. 21 is as follows.
  • Wi-Fi sensing technology By using Wi-Fi sensing technology, the state of an object can be identified, and the information can be used to identify an object, determine the location of an object, or determine the operation of an object. Through this, various Wi-Fi sensing technologies can be utilized in various use cases.
  • This specification proposes a PPDDU format that can be used according to the sensing situation when sensing using Wi-Fi, and at the same time, a PPDU format compatible with the existing Wi-Fi system.
  • Wi-Fi For sensing using Wi-Fi, the roles of Wi-Fi supported terminals should be defined according to the purpose of sensing. In this specification, the roles of terminals for Wi-Fi sensing are classified as follows.
  • Wi-Fi terminals participating in sensing perform at least one of the roles defined above.
  • Wi-Fi In sensing using Wi-Fi, it can be implemented in various modes depending on the role of the terminal participating in Wi-Fi.
  • Mode 1 Generator device(GD) & Decision device(DD) ⁇ -> Measurement device(MD)
  • the number of GD or MD terminals excluding DD terminals may be one or more.
  • One terminal performs the DD & MD roles at the same time, and another terminal physically performs the GD role.
  • the number of GD or MD terminals excluding DD terminals may be one or more.
  • One terminal performs the DD role, and another terminal physically performs the GD role.
  • the number of GD or MD terminals excluding DD terminals may be one or more.
  • an AP or STA performs one or more roles of DD, GD, and MD.
  • 22 to 27 specifically show a procedure for sensing an object by DD, GD, and MD according to a WiFi sensing mode.
  • the AP or STA performs a procedure for mutually discovering whether terminals with sensing capability are nearby through transmission/reception of a management frame such as a Beacon frame or a probe request/response frame.
  • a management frame such as a Beacon frame or a probe request/response frame.
  • Devices with sensing capability set the role for mode 1 through mode setup. That is, it determines which UE performs the DD, GD, or MD role.
  • the terminal that wants to perform the DD role initiates sensing, after acquiring TXOP, terminals to perform GD or MD are determined.
  • Mode 1 the terminal serving as the DD simultaneously performs the role of the GD.
  • the DD&GD terminal instructs the MD terminal to measure the channel through a packet transmitted during a specific time or at a specific time in order to understand the state of the object that is the sensing object.
  • a sensing sequence including indicator information may be generated and transmitted.
  • the MD terminal transmits a packet reporting the measurement result to the DD&GD.
  • the DD&GD terminal can grasp the state of the object to be sensed through the report frame received from the MD terminal.
  • the PPDU format of FIGS. 23 and 24 to be described below indicates a PPDU format used when the DD&GD terminal transmits a sensing sequence (represented as SENS Sequence in the drawing) to the MD terminal in WiFi sensing mode 1 .
  • FIG. 23 shows an example of a PPDU used when transmitting a sensing sequence in WiFi sensing mode 1.
  • the DD&GD terminal may perform WiFi sensing while transmitting data.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 23 may include L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, New-SIG, New-STF, New-LTF, payload, SENS information, and SENS Sequence fields.
  • L-SIG and the New-SIG may perform the following roles.
  • the DD&GD terminal informs the MD terminal of the length of the PPDU shown in FIG. 23 through the length field of the L-SIG.
  • the DD&GD terminal informs the MD terminal of the fact that the PPDU is a PPDU format for sensing through a New SIG type field (or a field in which the New SIG type is set to SENS in the New-SIG field). That is, the DD&GD terminal informs the MD terminal that the SENS information field and the SENS Sequence field exist after the payload through the New SIG type field.
  • the SENS information field follows the payload of the PPDU.
  • This SENS information field includes a sequence type subfield and length Contains subfields. In the sequence type subfield, what kind of sequence is to be used, and in the length subfield, the length of the SENS sequence.
  • the MD terminal knows through the New-SIG field that the SENS information field and the SENS Sequence field exist after the payload. After decoding the payload, the MD terminal decodes the SENS information to know the length of the SENS sequence and measures the channel state through the SENS sequence. And the MD terminal reports the result to the DD&GD terminal.
  • Terminals that are not the sensing target or legacy terminals cannot transmit as much as the PPDU length (used for sensing) through the length field of the L-SIG and wait.
  • the DD&GD&MD terminal can prevent collisions with terminals not subject to sensing or legacy terminals.
  • FIG. 24 shows another example of a PPDU used when transmitting a sensing sequence in WiFi sensing mode 1.
  • FIG. 24 shows a PPDU format used when the DD&GD terminal wants to instruct the MD terminal to measure the channel only through the sensing sequence when there is no traffic in the buffer. That is, the DD&GD terminal uses the PPDU format of FIG. 24 only to perform WiFi sensing.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 24 may include L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, New-SIG, SENS information, and SENS Sequence fields.
  • L-SIG and the New-SIG may perform the following roles.
  • the DD&GD terminal informs the MD terminal of the length of the PPDU shown in FIG. 24 through the length field of the L-SIG.
  • the DD&GD terminal informs the MD terminal of the fact that the PPDU is a PPDU format for sensing through a New SIG type field (or a field in which the New SIG type is set to SENS in the New-SIG field). That is, the DD&GD terminal informs the MD terminal that the SENS information field and the SENS Sequence field exist through the New SIG type field.
  • the length of the PSDU length field of the New-SIG field may be set to '0' when there is no traffic from the DD&GD terminal to the MD terminal in the buffer and the PPDU is transmitted only to perform channel measurement through the sens sequence.
  • the DD&GD terminal can inform the MD terminal that the PPDU is a PPDU format in which the payload, New-STF and New-LTF do not exist.
  • the New SIG type field indicates that it is a SENS PPDU (New SIG type is set to SENS in the New-SIG field) and the length of the PSDU length field of the New-SIG field is set to '0'
  • the New-SIG of the PPDU The field is followed by a SENS information field, and this SENS information field includes a sequence type subfield and a length subfield. In the sequence type subfield, what kind of sequence is to be used, and in the length subfield, the length of the SENS sequence.
  • the MD terminal when the DD&GD terminal transmits a PPDU to the MD terminal using the format shown in FIG. 24, the MD terminal follows the New-SIG field through the New SIG type subfield of the New-SIG field and the PSDU length subfield set to '0'.
  • the MD terminal decodes the SENS information to know the length of the SENS sequence and measures the channel state through the SENS sequence. And the MD terminal reports the result to the DD&GD terminal.
  • Terminals that are not the sensing target or legacy terminals cannot transmit as much as the PPDU length (used for sensing) through the length field of the L-SIG and wait.
  • the DD&GD&MD terminal can prevent collisions with terminals not subject to sensing or legacy terminals.
  • the AP or STA performs a procedure for mutually discovering whether terminals with sensing capability are nearby through transmission/reception of a management frame such as a Beacon frame or a probe request/response frame.
  • a management frame such as a Beacon frame or a probe request/response frame.
  • Devices with sensing capability set the role for mode 2 through mode setup. That is, it determines which UE performs the DD, GD, or MD role. In general, since the terminal that wants to perform the DD role starts sensing, the terminals to perform GD or MD are determined after acquiring TXOP. In Mode 2, the terminal serving as the DD simultaneously performs the role of the MD.
  • the DD&MD terminal instructs the GD terminal to transmit a packet for channel measurement for a specific time or at a specific time in order to understand the state of the object that is the sensing object.
  • the GD terminal generates a sensing sequence according to the instruction of the DD&MD terminal and transmits a packet for channel measurement.
  • the DD&MD terminal After receiving the sensing sequence, the DD&MD terminal can grasp the state of the object to be sensed through the measurement result.
  • the PPDU formats of FIGS. 26 and 27 described below indicate PPDU formats used when the DD&MD terminal instructs the GD terminal to transmit a sensing sequence in WiFi sensing mode 2.
  • 26 shows an example of a PPDU used when transmitting a sensing sequence in WiFi sensing mode 2.
  • FIG. 26 shows a PPDU format used when the DD&MD terminal is waiting in a buffer for traffic to be transmitted to the GD terminal and wants to instruct to transmit a sensing sequence at the same time. That is, if the PPDU format of FIG. 26 is used, the DD&MD terminal may perform WiFi sensing while transmitting data.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 26 may include L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, New-SIG, New-STF, New-LTF, payload, and SENS information fields.
  • L-SIG and the New-SIG may perform the following roles.
  • the DD&MD terminal informs the GD terminal of the length of the PPDU shown in FIG. 26 through the length field of the L-SIG.
  • the DD&MD terminal notifies the GD terminal of the fact that the PPDU is a PPDU format for sensing through the New SIG type field. That is, the DD&MD terminal informs the GD terminal that the SENS information field exists after the payload through the New SIG type field.
  • the SENS information field follows the payload of the PPDU.
  • This SENS information field includes a sequence type subfield and length Contains subfields. In the sequence type subfield, what kind of sequence is to be used, and in the length subfield, the length of the SENS sequence.
  • the GD terminal knows through the New-SIG field that the SENS information field exists after the payload. After decoding the payload, the GD terminal decodes the SENS information to know the length of the SENS sequence to be transmitted in the future.
  • Terminals that are not the sensing target or legacy terminals cannot transmit as much as the PPDU length (used for sensing) through the length field of the L-SIG and wait.
  • the DD&GD&MD terminal can prevent collisions with terminals not subject to sensing or legacy terminals.
  • the GD terminal generates a Sens sequence based on the information indicated by the DD&MD, and transmits a PPDU including the Sens sequence to the DD&MD terminal.
  • the DD&MD terminal measures the channel state.
  • FIG. 27 shows another example of a PPDU used when transmitting a sensing sequence in WiFi sensing mode 2.
  • FIG. 27 shows a PPDU format used when the DD&MD terminal wants to instruct the GD terminal to transmit only a sensing sequence when there is no traffic to transmit in the buffer. That is, the DD&MD terminal uses the PPDU format of FIG. 27 only to perform WiFi sensing.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 27 may include L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, New-SIG, and SENS information fields.
  • L-SIG and the New-SIG may perform the following roles.
  • the DD&MD terminal informs the GD terminal of the length of the PPDU shown in FIG. 27 through the length field of the L-SIG.
  • the DD&MD terminal notifies the GD terminal of the fact that the PPDU is a PPDU format for sensing through a New SIG type field (or a field in which the New SIG type is set to SENS in the New-SIG field). That is, the DD&MD terminal informs the GD terminal that the SENS information field exists through the New SIG type field.
  • the length of the PSDU length field of the New-SIG field may be set to '0' when the DD&MD terminal transmits a PPDU to indicate that there is no traffic to be transmitted to the GD terminal in the buffer and only transmit a sens sequence.
  • the DD&MD terminal can inform the GD terminal that the PPDU is a PPDU format in which the payload, New-STF and New-LTF do not exist.
  • the New SIG type field indicates that it is a SENS PPDU (New SIG type is set to SENS in the New-SIG field) and the length of the PSDU length field of the New-SIG field is set to '0'
  • the New-SIG of the PPDU The field is followed by a SENS information field, and this SENS information field includes a sequence type subfield and a length subfield. In the sequence type subfield, what kind of sequence is to be used, and in the length subfield, the length of the SENS sequence.
  • the DD&MD terminal by setting the type subfield to sens trigger through the type subfield of the New-SIG in the PPDU format, the DD&MD terminal provides the GD terminal with the information of the SENS information field through the type subfield.
  • One New- It may indicate that it is a PPDU format including the SIG field.
  • the GD terminal when the DD&MD terminal transmits a PPDU to the GD terminal using the format shown in FIG. 27, the GD terminal follows the New-SIG field through the New SIG type subfield of the New-SIG field and the PSDU length subfield set to '0'. We know that the SENS information field exists. The GD terminal decodes the SENS information and knows the length of the SENS sequence to be used and generated in the future.
  • Terminals that are not the sensing target or legacy terminals cannot transmit as much as the PPDU length (used for sensing) through the length field of the L-SIG and wait.
  • the DD&GD&MD terminal can prevent collisions with terminals not subject to sensing or legacy terminals.
  • the GD terminal generates a Sens sequence based on the information indicated by the DD&MD terminal, and transmits a PPDU including the Sens sequence to the DD&MD terminal.
  • the DD&MD terminal measures the channel state.
  • FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for performing WiFi sensing in terms of DD and GD according to the present embodiment.
  • This embodiment determines the role of a terminal participating in WiFi sensing according to a sensing mode, and proposes a WiFi sensing procedure and information exchange procedure according to the role of the terminal. Accordingly, it is possible to identify the state of an object through the WiFi sensing technology, identify the object, determine the position of the object, or grasp the operation of the object.
  • this embodiment proposes a PPDU format for instructing to transmit a sensing sequence or perform channel measurement, and describes how information included in the corresponding PPDU is used for WiFi sensing.
  • the WiFi sensing technology may be compatible with the existing wireless LAN system. Accordingly, the WiFi sensing technology may be compatible with 802.11ad, 802.11ay, and 802.11ax wireless LAN systems. Also, the WiFi sensing technology may be defined in a next-generation wireless LAN system. In addition, this embodiment describes the WiFi sensing mode 1. In this case, it is assumed that the first STA is a generator device and a decision device, and the second STA is a measurement device.
  • a first station transmits a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) requesting a channel measurement for an object to a second STA. That is, the first STA may instruct the second STA to measure a channel based on the first PPDU.
  • PPDU physical protocol data unit
  • step S2820 the first STA receives a second PPDU reporting the result of the channel measurement from the second STA.
  • the first PPDU includes a first signal (SIG) field, sensing information, and a sensing sequence.
  • the first SIG field includes information that the sensing information and the sensing sequence exist in the first PPDU. That is, the first STA notifies the second STA that the first PPDU is a PPDU for WiFi sensing through the first SIG field.
  • the first SIG field may include a New SIG type field, and the New SIG type field may be configured as SENS.
  • the first STA may generate the sensing sequence, and the sensing sequence may be an existing sequence such as a Golay sequence or a newly defined sequence.
  • the channel measurement is performed based on the sensing information and the sensing sequence.
  • the second STA may decode the sensing information and the sensing sequence, and measure a channel state based on the decoding. That is, the sensing sequence may be transmitted from the first STA, and the second STA may receive the sensing sequence reflected from the object and perform the channel measurement based on the reflected sensing sequence.
  • the first STA may check the state of the object based on the second PPDU. That is, the first STA may identify the object, determine the location of the object, or determine the operation of the object using the second PPDU.
  • the first PPDU When the traffic to be transmitted by the first STA to the second STA is in a buffer, the first PPDU includes a first Short Training Field (STF), a first Long Training Field (LTF), and a payload. may include more.
  • STF Short Training Field
  • LTF Long Training Field
  • payload may include more.
  • the first SIG field may further include information that the payload is located after the sensing information and the sensing sequence.
  • the first SIG field may further include information on the length of a Physical Service Data Unit (PSDU).
  • PSDU Physical Service Data Unit
  • Information on the length of the PDSU may be set to 0.
  • the first PPDU may not include the first STF, the first LTF, and the payload.
  • the first SIG field, the first STF, and the first LTF may be fields supporting WiFi sensing.
  • the sensing information may include first and second subfields.
  • the first subfield may include information on a sequence type of the sensing sequence
  • the second subfield may include information on a length of the sensing sequence.
  • the second STA may determine the sequence type of the sensing sequence by decoding the first subfield, and may determine the length of the sensing sequence by decoding the second subfield.
  • the first PPDU may further include a second SIG field.
  • the second SIG field may include information on the length of the first PPDU.
  • the second SIG field may be an L (Legacy)-SIG field.
  • the length of the first PPDU means a length from the first SIG field after the second SIG field to a sensing sequence field (or sensing information field).
  • non-sensing terminals (STA without sensing capability) or legacy terminals wait for the length of the first PPDU without transmitting (Network Allocation Vector (NAV) setting). Accordingly, a collision may not occur between the first and second STAs and non-sensing terminals (or legacy terminals).
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • 29 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for performing WiFi sensing from an MD perspective according to the present embodiment.
  • This embodiment determines the role of a terminal participating in WiFi sensing according to a sensing mode, and proposes a WiFi sensing procedure and information exchange procedure according to the role of the terminal. Accordingly, it is possible to identify the state of an object through the WiFi sensing technology, identify the object, determine the position of the object, or grasp the operation of the object.
  • this embodiment proposes a PPDU format for instructing to transmit a sensing sequence or perform channel measurement, and describes how information included in the corresponding PPDU is used for WiFi sensing.
  • the WiFi sensing technology can be compatible with the existing wireless LAN system. Accordingly, the WiFi sensing technology may be compatible with 802.11ad, 802.11ay, and 802.11ax wireless LAN systems. Also, the WiFi sensing technology may be defined in a next-generation wireless LAN system. In addition, this embodiment describes the WiFi sensing mode 2 . In this case, it is assumed that the first STA is a decision device and a measurement device, and the second STA is a generator device.
  • a first station transmits a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) to a second STA.
  • the first PPDU is a PPDU that requests transmission of a second PPDU for the channel measurement.
  • step S2920 the first STA receives a second PPDU reporting the result of the channel measurement from the second STA.
  • step S2930 the first STA performs channel measurement on an object based on the second PPDU.
  • the first PPDU includes a first signal (SIG) field and sensing information.
  • the first SIG field includes information indicating that the sensing information is present in the first PPDU. That is, the first STA notifies the second STA that the first PPDU is a PPDU for WiFi sensing through the first SIG field.
  • the first SIG field may include a New SIG type field, and the New SIG type field may be configured as SENS.
  • the second STA may generate the sensing sequence, and the sensing sequence may be an existing sequence such as a Golay sequence or a newly defined sequence.
  • the channel measurement is performed based on the sensing sequence.
  • the first STA may decode the sensing sequence and measure the channel state based thereon. That is, the sensing sequence may be transmitted from the second STA, and the first STA may receive the sensing sequence reflected from the object, and may perform the channel measurement based on the reflected sensing sequence.
  • the first STA may check the state of the object based on the second PPDU. That is, the first STA may identify the object, determine the location of the object, or determine the operation of the object using the second PPDU.
  • the first PPDU When the traffic to be transmitted by the first STA to the second STA is in a buffer, the first PPDU includes a first Short Training Field (STF), a first Long Training Field (LTF), and a payload. may include more.
  • STF Short Training Field
  • LTF Long Training Field
  • payload may include more.
  • the first SIG field may further include information that the payload is located after the sensing information and the sensing sequence.
  • the first SIG field may further include information on the length of a Physical Service Data Unit (PSDU).
  • PSDU Physical Service Data Unit
  • Information on the length of the PDSU may be set to 0.
  • the first PPDU may not include the first STF, the first LTF, and the payload.
  • the first SIG field, the first STF, and the first LTF may be fields supporting WiFi sensing.
  • the sensing information may include first and second subfields.
  • the first subfield may include information on a sequence type of the sensing sequence
  • the second subfield may include information on a length of the sensing sequence.
  • the second STA may generate the sensing sequence based on information obtained by decoding the first and second subfields.
  • the first PPDU may further include a second SIG field.
  • the second SIG field may include information on the length of the first PPDU.
  • the second SIG field may be an L (Legacy)-SIG field.
  • the length of the first PPDU means a length from the first SIG field after the second SIG field to a sensing sequence field (or sensing information field).
  • non-sensing terminals (STA without sensing capability) or legacy terminals wait for the length of the first PPDU without transmitting (Network Allocation Vector (NAV) setting). Accordingly, a collision may not occur between the first and second STAs and non-sensing terminals (or legacy terminals).
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • FIG. 30 shows a modified example of a transmitting apparatus and/or a receiving apparatus of the present specification.
  • Each device/STA of the sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 may be modified as shown in FIG. 30 .
  • the transceiver 630 of FIG. 30 may be the same as the transceivers 113 and 123 of FIG. 1 .
  • the transceiver 630 of FIG. 30 may include a receiver and a transmitter.
  • the processor 610 of FIG. 30 may be the same as the processors 111 and 121 of FIG. 1 . Alternatively, the processor 610 of FIG. 30 may be the same as the processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. 1 .
  • the memory 150 of FIG. 30 may be the same as the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1 .
  • the memory 150 of FIG. 30 may be a separate external memory different from the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1 .
  • the power management module 611 manages power for the processor 610 and/or the transceiver 630 .
  • the battery 612 supplies power to the power management module 611 .
  • the display 613 outputs the result processed by the processor 610 .
  • Keypad 614 receives input to be used by processor 610 .
  • a keypad 614 may be displayed on the display 613 .
  • SIM card 615 may be an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) used to identify and authenticate subscribers in mobile phone devices, such as mobile phones and computers, and keys associated therewith. .
  • IMSI international mobile subscriber identity
  • the speaker 640 may output a sound related result processed by the processor 610 .
  • the microphone 641 may receive a sound related input to be used by the processor 610 .
  • the technical features of the present specification described above may be applied to various devices and methods.
  • the above-described technical features of the present specification may be performed/supported through the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and/or 30 .
  • the technical features of the present specification described above may be applied only to a part of FIGS. 1 and/or 30 .
  • the technical features of the present specification described above are implemented based on the processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. 1 , or implemented based on the processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1 , or , may be implemented based on the processor 610 and the memory 620 of FIG. 30 .
  • the device of the present specification is a device for performing WiFi sensing, wherein the device includes a memory and a processor operatively coupled to the memory, wherein the processor provides a channel for an object to a second STA transmit a first Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) requesting measurement; and a second PPDU reporting a result of the channel measurement from the second STA.
  • PPDU Physical Protocol Data Unit
  • the first STA may instruct the second STA to measure a channel based on the first PPDU.
  • the first PPDU includes a first signal (SIG) field, sensing information, and a sensing sequence.
  • the first SIG field includes information that the sensing information and the sensing sequence exist in the first PPDU. That is, the first STA notifies the second STA that the first PPDU is a PPDU for WiFi sensing through the first SIG field.
  • the first SIG field may include a New SIG type field, and the New SIG type field may be configured as SENS.
  • the first STA may generate the sensing sequence, and the sensing sequence may be an existing sequence such as a Golay sequence or a newly defined sequence.
  • the channel measurement is performed based on the sensing information and the sensing sequence.
  • the second STA may decode the sensing information and the sensing sequence, and measure a channel state based on the decoding. That is, the sensing sequence may be transmitted from the first STA, and the second STA may receive the sensing sequence reflected from the object and perform the channel measurement based on the reflected sensing sequence.
  • the first STA may check the state of the object based on the second PPDU. That is, the first STA may identify the object, determine the location of the object, or determine the operation of the object using the second PPDU.
  • the first PPDU When the traffic to be transmitted by the first STA to the second STA is in a buffer, the first PPDU includes a first Short Training Field (STF), a first Long Training Field (LTF), and a payload. may include more.
  • STF Short Training Field
  • LTF Long Training Field
  • payload may include more.
  • the first SIG field may further include information that the payload is located after the sensing information and the sensing sequence.
  • the first SIG field may further include information on the length of a Physical Service Data Unit (PSDU).
  • PSDU Physical Service Data Unit
  • Information on the length of the PDSU may be set to 0.
  • the first PPDU may not include the first STF, the first LTF, and the payload.
  • the first SIG field, the first STF, and the first LTF may be fields supporting WiFi sensing.
  • the sensing information may include first and second subfields.
  • the first subfield may include information on a sequence type of the sensing sequence
  • the second subfield may include information on a length of the sensing sequence.
  • the second STA may determine the sequence type of the sensing sequence by decoding the first subfield, and may determine the length of the sensing sequence by decoding the second subfield.
  • the first PPDU may further include a second SIG field.
  • the second SIG field may include information on the length of the first PPDU.
  • the second SIG field may be an L (Legacy)-SIG field.
  • the length of the first PPDU means a length from the first SIG field after the second SIG field to a sensing sequence field (or sensing information field).
  • non-sensing terminals (STA without sensing capability) or legacy terminals wait for the length of the first PPDU without transmitting (Network Allocation Vector (NAV) setting). Accordingly, a collision may not occur between the first and second STAs and non-sensing terminals (or legacy terminals).
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • CRM computer readable medium
  • CRM proposed by the present specification is at least one computer readable medium including instructions based on being executed by at least one processor.
  • the instructions stored in the CRM of the present specification may be executed by at least one processor.
  • At least one processor related to CRM in the present specification may be the processors 111 and 121 or the processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. 1 , or the processor 610 of FIG. 30 .
  • the CRM of the present specification may be the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1 , the memory 620 of FIG. 30 , or a separate external memory/storage medium/disk.
  • the first STA may instruct the second STA to measure a channel based on the first PPDU.
  • the first PPDU includes a first signal (SIG) field, sensing information, and a sensing sequence.
  • the first SIG field includes information that the sensing information and the sensing sequence exist in the first PPDU. That is, the first STA notifies the second STA that the first PPDU is a PPDU for WiFi sensing through the first SIG field.
  • the first SIG field may include a New SIG type field, and the New SIG type field may be configured as SENS.
  • the first STA may generate the sensing sequence, and the sensing sequence may be an existing sequence such as a Golay sequence or a newly defined sequence.
  • the channel measurement is performed based on the sensing information and the sensing sequence.
  • the second STA may decode the sensing information and the sensing sequence, and measure a channel state based on the decoding. That is, the sensing sequence may be transmitted from the first STA, and the second STA may receive the sensing sequence reflected from the object and perform the channel measurement based on the reflected sensing sequence.
  • the first STA may check the state of the object based on the second PPDU. That is, the first STA may identify the object, determine the location of the object, or determine the operation of the object using the second PPDU.
  • the first PPDU When the traffic to be transmitted by the first STA to the second STA is in a buffer, the first PPDU includes a first Short Training Field (STF), a first Long Training Field (LTF), and a payload. may include more.
  • STF Short Training Field
  • LTF Long Training Field
  • payload may include more.
  • the first SIG field may further include information that the payload is located after the sensing information and the sensing sequence.
  • the first SIG field may further include information on the length of a Physical Service Data Unit (PSDU).
  • PSDU Physical Service Data Unit
  • Information on the length of the PDSU may be set to 0.
  • the first PPDU may not include the first STF, the first LTF, and the payload.
  • the first SIG field, the first STF, and the first LTF may be fields supporting WiFi sensing.
  • the sensing information may include first and second subfields.
  • the first subfield may include information on a sequence type of the sensing sequence
  • the second subfield may include information on a length of the sensing sequence.
  • the second STA may determine the sequence type of the sensing sequence by decoding the first subfield, and may determine the length of the sensing sequence by decoding the second subfield.
  • the first PPDU may further include a second SIG field.
  • the second SIG field may include information on the length of the first PPDU.
  • the second SIG field may be an L (Legacy)-SIG field.
  • the length of the first PPDU means a length from the first SIG field after the second SIG field to a sensing sequence field (or sensing information field).
  • non-sensing terminals (STA without sensing capability) or legacy terminals wait for the length of the first PPDU without transmitting (Network Allocation Vector (NAV) setting). Accordingly, a collision may not occur between the first and second STAs and non-sensing terminals (or legacy terminals).
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • Machine learning refers to a field that defines various problems dealt with in the field of artificial intelligence and studies methodologies to solve them. do.
  • Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a certain task through constant experience.
  • An artificial neural network is a model used in machine learning, and may refer to an overall model having problem-solving ability, which is composed of artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network by combining synapses.
  • An artificial neural network may be defined by a connection pattern between neurons of different layers, a learning process that updates model parameters, and an activation function that generates an output value.
  • the artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include neurons and synapses connecting neurons. In the artificial neural network, each neuron may output a function value of an activation function for input signals, weights, and biases input through synapses.
  • Model parameters refer to parameters determined through learning, and include the weight of synaptic connections and the bias of neurons.
  • the hyperparameter refers to a parameter that must be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and includes a learning rate, the number of iterations, a mini-batch size, an initialization function, and the like.
  • the purpose of learning the artificial neural network can be seen as determining the model parameters that minimize the loss function.
  • the loss function may be used as an index for determining optimal model parameters in the learning process of the artificial neural network.
  • Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning according to a learning method.
  • Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network in a state where a label for the training data is given, and the label is the correct answer (or result value) that the artificial neural network should infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network.
  • Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training an artificial neural network in a state where no labels are given for training data.
  • Reinforcement learning can refer to a learning method in which an agent defined in an environment learns to select an action or sequence of actions that maximizes the cumulative reward in each state.
  • machine learning implemented as a deep neural network (DNN) including a plurality of hidden layers is also called deep learning, and deep learning is a part of machine learning.
  • DNN deep neural network
  • machine learning is used in a sense including deep learning.
  • a robot can mean a machine that automatically handles or operates a task given by its own capabilities.
  • a robot having a function of recognizing an environment and performing an operation by self-judgment may be referred to as an intelligent robot.
  • Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, home, military, etc. depending on the purpose or field of use.
  • the robot may be provided with a driving unit including an actuator or a motor to perform various physical operations such as moving the robot joints.
  • the movable robot includes a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like in the driving unit, and may travel on the ground or fly in the air through the driving unit.
  • the extended reality is a generic term for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR).
  • VR technology provides only CG images of objects or backgrounds in the real world
  • AR technology provides virtual CG images on top of images of real objects
  • MR technology is a computer that mixes and combines virtual objects in the real world. graphic technology.
  • MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it shows both real and virtual objects. However, there is a difference in that in AR technology, a virtual object is used in a form that complements a real object, whereas in MR technology, a virtual object and a real object are used with equal characteristics.
  • HMD Head-Mount Display
  • HUD Head-Up Display
  • mobile phone tablet PC, laptop, desktop, TV, digital signage, etc.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour exécuter une détection Wi-Fi dans un système de réseau local sans fil. En détail, une première STA transmet, à une seconde STA, une première PPDU demandant une mesure de canal pour un objet. La première STA reçoit, en provenance de la seconde STA, une seconde PPDU signalant le résultat de la mesure de canal. La première PPDU comprend un premier champ SIG, des informations de détection et une séquence de détection. Le premier champ SIG comprend des informations indiquant que les informations de détection et la séquence de détection existent dans la première PPDU. La mesure de canal est exécutée sur la base des informations de détection et de la séquence de détection.
PCT/KR2020/008731 2020-06-11 2020-07-03 Procédé et appareil de génération d'une ppdu pour exécuter une détection wi-fi dans un système de réseau local sans fil WO2021251540A1 (fr)

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WO2023130534A1 (fr) * 2022-01-07 2023-07-13 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Procédés et dispositifs de rapport de détection
WO2023165360A1 (fr) * 2022-03-04 2023-09-07 华为技术有限公司 Procédé et appareil pour réaliser une détection
WO2023182810A1 (fr) * 2022-03-22 2023-09-28 엘지전자 주식회사 Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser une mesure de détection dans un système lan sans fil
WO2023217039A1 (fr) * 2022-05-09 2023-11-16 华为技术有限公司 Procédé d'acquisition d'informations d'état de canal, et système et appareil associé
WO2024022422A1 (fr) * 2022-07-28 2024-02-01 华为技术有限公司 Procédé et appareil de détection de communication

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