WO2021251518A1 - Method and device for transmitting and receiving signal in wireless communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a method for operating a terminal and a base station and a device for supporting same in a wireless communication system. As an example of the present disclosure, a method for operating a first device in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: mapping dummy signals of pre-defined values to a first subcarrier set; mapping data signals to a second subcarrier set that is different from the first subcarrier set; generating an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in a time domain by transforming frequency domain signals including the dummy signals and the data signals into time domain signals; generating an OFDM symbol including a zero UW by summing cancellation signals generated using at least a portion of the OFDM symbol; generating a UW-OFDM symbol by adding a UW to the OFDM symbol including the zero UW; and transmitting the UW-OFDM symbol to a second device.

Description

Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication system

The following description relates to a wireless communication system, and to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication system.

Wireless access systems are being widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data. In general, a wireless access system is a multiple access system that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of the multiple access system include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, and a single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA) system. division multiple access) systems.

In particular, as many communication devices require a large communication capacity, an enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology has been proposed compared to the existing radio access technology (RAT). In addition, a communication system that considers reliability and latency sensitive services/user equipment (UE) as well as massive machine type communications (mMTC) that provides various services anytime, anywhere by connecting multiple devices and things has been proposed. . For this purpose, various technical configurations have been proposed.

The present disclosure may provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure may provide a method and apparatus for generating and interpreting a unique word (UW)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in a wireless communication system.

The technical objects to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the above, and other technical problems not mentioned are common knowledge in the technical field to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the embodiments of the present disclosure to be described below. can be considered by those with

The present disclosure may provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals of a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system.

As an example of the present disclosure, a method of operating a first device in a wireless communication system includes mapping dummy signals of a predefined value to a first subcarrier set, and to a second subcarrier set different from the first subcarrier set. Mapping data signals, generating a time domain orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol by converting a frequency domain signal including the dummy signals and the data signals into a time domain signal; Generating an OFDM symbol including zero UW by summing a cancellation signal generated using a portion, generating a UW-OFDM symbol by adding the UW to the OFDM symbol including the zero UW, and and transmitting the UW-OFDM symbol to a second device.

As an example of the present disclosure, a method of operating a first device in a wireless communication system includes: receiving a unique word (UW)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol from a second device; removing, checking information on a relationship between a first subcarrier set mapped with a dummy signal and a second subcarrier set mapped with a data signal by the second device, and the UW based on the relationship It may include the step of detecting data from the OFDM symbol removed.

As an example of the present disclosure, a first device in a wireless communication system may include a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver. The processor maps dummy signals of a predefined value to a first subcarrier set, maps data signals to a second subcarrier set different from the first subcarrier set, and includes the dummy signals and the data signals. By converting a frequency domain signal of A UW-OFDM symbol may be generated by generating an OFDM symbol of

As an example of the present disclosure, a first device in a wireless communication system may include a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver. The processor receives a unique word (UW)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol from a second device, removes the UW from the UW-OFDM symbol, and maps to a dummy signal by the second device Information on the relation between the first subcarrier set and the second subcarrier set mapped with the data signal may be checked, and data may be detected from the OFDM symbol from which the UW is removed based on the relation.

Aspects of the present disclosure described above are only some of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and various embodiments in which the technical features of the present disclosure are reflected are detailed descriptions of the present disclosure that will be described below by those of ordinary skill in the art can be derived and understood based on

The following effects may be obtained by the embodiments based on the present disclosure.

According to the present disclosure, a unique word (UW)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol may be generated with lower complexity.

Effects that can be obtained in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned are the technical fields to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure below. It can be clearly derived and understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. That is, unintended effects of implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure may also be derived by those of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.

The accompanying drawings below are provided to help understanding of the present disclosure, and together with the detailed description, may provide embodiments of the present disclosure. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to constitute a new embodiment. Reference numerals in each drawing may refer to structural elements.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applied to the present disclosure.

2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobile device applied to the present disclosure.

5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle applied to the present disclosure.

6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a movable body applied to the present disclosure.

7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an XR device applied to the present disclosure.

8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a robot applied to the present disclosure.

9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an artificial intelligence (AI) device applied to the present disclosure.

10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applied to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using the same.

11 is a diagram illustrating a control plane and a user plane structure of a radio interface protocol applied to the present disclosure.

12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applied to the present disclosure.

13 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.

14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.

15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

16 is a diagram illustrating an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.

17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

19 is a diagram illustrating a method for generating a THz signal applicable to the present disclosure.

20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

21 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure.

22 is a diagram illustrating a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.

23 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a symbol applicable to the present disclosure.

24 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of inserting a unique word (UW) into a symbol applicable to the present disclosure.

25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter generating orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (UW-OFDM) symbols applicable to the present disclosure.

26 is a diagram illustrating another example of a transmitter for generating UW-OFDM symbols applicable to the present disclosure.

27 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for generating a UW-OFDM having a zero UW applicable to the present disclosure.

28 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for generating a UW-OFDM symbol in an apparatus applicable to the present disclosure.

29 is a diagram illustrating an example of a receiver for processing UW-OFDM symbols applicable to the present disclosure.

30 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for processing UW-OFDM symbols in an apparatus applicable to the present disclosure.

31 is a diagram illustrating another example of a receiver for processing UW-OFDM symbols applicable to the present disclosure.

32 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of a procedure for processing UW-OFDM symbols in an apparatus applicable to the present disclosure.

33 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for performing communication according to a UW-OFDM scheme between a base station and a terminal applicable to the present disclosure.

The following embodiments combine elements and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form that is not combined with other components or features. In addition, some components and/or features may be combined to configure an embodiment of the present disclosure. The order of operations described in embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some configurations or features of one embodiment may be included in other embodiments, or may be replaced with corresponding configurations or features of other embodiments.

In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that may obscure the gist of the present disclosure are not described, and procedures or steps that can be understood at the level of a person skilled in the art are also not described.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "comprising or including" a certain component, it does not exclude other components unless otherwise stated, meaning that other components may be further included. do. In addition, terms such as "...unit", "...group", and "module" described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which is hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software. can be implemented as Also, "a or an", "one", "the" and like related terms are used differently herein in the context of describing the present disclosure (especially in the context of the following claims). Unless indicated or clearly contradicted by context, it may be used in a sense including both the singular and the plural.

In the present specification, embodiments of the present disclosure have been described focusing on a data transmission/reception relationship between a base station and a mobile station. Here, the base station has a meaning as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with the mobile station. A specific operation described as being performed by the base station in this document may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.

That is, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station in a network including a plurality of network nodes including the base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. In this case, the 'base station' is a term such as a fixed station, a Node B, an eNB (eNode B), a gNB (gNode B), an ng-eNB, an advanced base station (ABS) or an access point (access point). can be replaced by

In addition, in embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal includes a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), It may be replaced by terms such as a mobile terminal or an advanced mobile station (AMS).

In addition, a transmitting end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node that provides a data service or a voice service, and a receiving end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node that receives a data service or a voice service. Accordingly, in the case of uplink, the mobile station may be a transmitting end, and the base station may be a receiving end. Similarly, in the case of downlink, the mobile station may be the receiving end, and the base station may be the transmitting end.

Embodiments of the present disclosure IEEE 802.xx system, (3rd Generation Partnership Project) 3GPP access system, which are wireless systems, 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) ^{systems, 3GPP 5G (5 th generation)} NR (New Radio) system, 3GPP2 system and It may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of, in particular, embodiments of the present disclosure by 3GPP TS (technical specification) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents. can be supported

Also, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless access systems, and are not limited to the above-described system. As an example, it may be applicable to a system applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system, and is not limited to a specific system.

That is, obvious steps or parts not described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be described with reference to the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document may be described by the standard document.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the appended drawings is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the technical constructions of the present disclosure may be practiced.

In addition, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to help the understanding of the present disclosure, and the use of these specific terms may be changed to other forms without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure.

The following technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. It can be applied to various wireless access systems.

In order to clarify the following description, the description is based on a 3GPP communication system (eg, LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited thereto. LTE may mean 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8 or later technology. In detail, LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 may be referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may refer to technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15. 3GPP 6G may refer to technology after TS Release 17 and/or Release 18. "xxx" stands for standard document detail number. LTE/NR/6G may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.

For backgrounds, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents published before the present invention. As an example, reference may be made to the 36.xxx and 38.xxx standard documents.

Communication system applicable to the present disclosure

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connection (eg, 5G) between devices. have.

Hereinafter, it will be exemplified in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise indicated.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a communication system 100 applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device means a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (eg, 5G NR, LTE), and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot 100a, a vehicle 100b-1, 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, and a home appliance. appliance) 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device/server 100g. For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, and the like. Here, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (eg, a drone). The XR device 100c includes augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) devices, and includes a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, It may be implemented in the form of a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like. The portable device 100d may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, smart watch, smart glasses), and a computer (eg, a laptop computer). The home appliance 100e may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, and the like. The IoT device 100f may include a sensor, a smart meter, and the like. For example, the base station 120 and the network 130 may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device 120a may operate as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 130 through the base station 120 . AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f , and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 100g through the network 130 . The network 130 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (eg, LTE) network, or a 5G (eg, NR) network. The wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the base station 120/network 130, but communicate directly without going through the base station 120/network 130 (eg, sidelink communication) You may. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (eg, vehicle to vehicle (V2V)/vehicle to everything (V2X) communication). Also, the IoT device 100f (eg, a sensor) may communicate directly with another IoT device (eg, a sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

Wireless communication/ connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may be performed between the wireless devices 100a to 100f/base station 120 and the base station 120/base station 120 . Here, wireless communication/connection includes uplink/downlink communication 150a and sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations 150c (eg, relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). This may be achieved through radio access technology (eg, 5G NR). Through the wireless communication/ connection 150a, 150b, and 150c, the wireless device and the base station/wireless device, and the base station and the base station may transmit/receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication/ connection 150a , 150b , 150c may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, various configuration information setting processes for transmission/reception of wireless signals, various signal processing processes (eg, channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.) , at least a part of a resource allocation process may be performed.

Wireless device applicable to the present disclosure

2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a first wireless device 200a and a second wireless device 200b may transmit/receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (eg, LTE, NR). Here, {first wireless device 200a, second wireless device 200b} is {wireless device 100x, base station 120} of FIG. 1 and/or {wireless device 100x, wireless device 100x) } can be matched.

The first wireless device 200a includes one or more processors 202a and one or more memories 204a, and may further include one or more transceivers 206a and/or one or more antennas 208a. The processor 202a controls the memory 204a and/or the transceiver 206a and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202a may process information in the memory 204a to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 206a. In addition, the processor 202a may receive the radio signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 206a, and then store the information obtained from the signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 204a. The memory 204a may be connected to the processor 202a and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202a. For example, the memory 204a may provide instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202a, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. may store software code including Here, the processor 202a and the memory 204a may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206a may be coupled with the processor 202a and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208a. The transceiver 206a may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206a may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200b includes one or more processors 202b, one or more memories 204b, and may further include one or more transceivers 206b and/or one or more antennas 208b. The processor 202b controls the memory 204b and/or the transceiver 206b and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202b may process information in the memory 204b to generate third information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206b. In addition, the processor 202b may receive the radio signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206b, and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204b. The memory 204b may be connected to the processor 202b and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202b. For example, the memory 204b may provide instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202b, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. may store software code including Here, the processor 202b and the memory 204b may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). The transceiver 206b may be coupled to the processor 202b and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208b. Transceiver 206b may include a transmitter and/or receiver. Transceiver 206b may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 200a and 200b will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 202a, 202b. For example, one or more processors 202a, 202b may include one or more layers (eg, PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource) control) and a functional layer such as service data adaptation protocol (SDAP)). The one or more processors 202a, 202b may be configured to process one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. can create The one or more processors 202a, 202b may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and/or flow charts disclosed herein. The one or more processors 202a, 202b generate a signal (eg, a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein. , may be provided to one or more transceivers 206a and 206b. One or more processors 202a, 202b may receive signals (eg, baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 206a, 206b, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or flowcharts of operation disclosed herein. PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information may be acquired according to the fields.

One or more processors 202a, 202b may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors 202a, 202b may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 202a, 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or flow charts disclosed in this document provide that firmware or software configured to perform is included in one or more processors 202a, 202b, or stored in one or more memories 204a, 204b. It may be driven by the above processors 202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and/or a set of instructions.

One or more memories 204a, 204b may be coupled to one or more processors 202a, 202b and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or instructions. One or more memories 204a, 204b may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media and/or It may be composed of a combination of these. One or more memories 204a, 204b may be located inside and/or external to one or more processors 202a, 202b. Additionally, one or more memories 204a, 204b may be coupled to one or more processors 202a, 202b through various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

The one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may transmit user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of this document to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may receive user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or flow charts, etc. disclosed herein, from one or more other devices. have. For example, one or more transceivers 206a , 206b may be coupled to one or more processors 202a , 202b and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Further, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be coupled with one or more antennas 208a, 208b, and the one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be connected via one or more antennas 208a, 208b. , may be set to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. mentioned in procedures, proposals, methods and/or operation flowcharts. In this document, one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (eg, antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 206a, 206b converts the received radio signal/channel, etc. from the RF band signal to process the received user data, control information, radio signal/channel, etc. using the one or more processors 202a, 202b. It can be converted into a baseband signal. One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may convert user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 202a, 202b from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

Wireless device structure applicable to the present disclosure

3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3 , a wireless device 300 corresponds to the wireless devices 200a and 200b of FIG. 2 , and includes various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. ) can be composed of For example, the wireless device 300 may include a communication unit 310 , a control unit 320 , a memory unit 330 , and an additional element 340 . The communication unit may include communication circuitry 312 and transceiver(s) 314 . For example, communication circuitry 312 may include one or more processors 202a, 202b and/or one or more memories 204a, 204b of FIG. 2 . For example, the transceiver(s) 314 may include one or more transceivers 206a , 206b and/or one or more antennas 208a , 208b of FIG. 2 . The control unit 320 is electrically connected to the communication unit 310 , the memory unit 330 , and the additional element 340 and controls general operations of the wireless device. For example, the controller 320 may control the electrical/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program/code/command/information stored in the memory unit 330 . In addition, the control unit 320 transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310 through a wireless/wired interface, or externally (eg, through the communication unit 310) Information received through a wireless/wired interface from another communication device) may be stored in the memory unit 330 .

The additional element 340 may be configured in various ways according to the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element 340 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device 300 may include a robot ( FIGS. 1 and 100a ), a vehicle ( FIGS. 1 , 100b-1 , 100b-2 ), an XR device ( FIGS. 1 and 100c ), and a mobile device ( FIGS. 1 and 100d ). ), home appliances (FIG. 1, 100e), IoT device (FIG. 1, 100f), digital broadcasting terminal, hologram device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, fintech device (or financial device), security device, climate/ It may be implemented in the form of an environmental device, an AI server/device ( FIGS. 1 and 140 ), a base station ( FIGS. 1 and 120 ), and a network node. The wireless device may be mobile or used in a fixed location depending on the use-example/service.

In FIG. 3 , various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules in the wireless device 300 may be all interconnected through a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 310 . For example, in the wireless device 300 , the control unit 320 and the communication unit 310 are connected by wire, and the control unit 320 and the first unit (eg, 130 , 140 ) are connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310 . can be connected In addition, each element, component, unit/unit, and/or module within the wireless device 300 may further include one or more elements. For example, the controller 320 may include one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit 320 may be configured as a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphic processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like. As another example, the memory unit 330 may include RAM, dynamic RAM (DRAM), ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof. can be configured.

Mobile device to which the present disclosure is applicable

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobile device applied to the present disclosure.

4 illustrates a portable device applied to the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, a smart watch, smart glasses), and a portable computer (eg, a laptop computer). The mobile device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 4 , the mobile device 400 includes an antenna unit 408 , a communication unit 410 , a control unit 420 , a memory unit 430 , a power supply unit 440a , an interface unit 440b , and an input/output unit 440c . ) may be included. The antenna unit 408 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 410 . Blocks 410 to 430/440a to 440c respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .

The communication unit 410 may transmit and receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The controller 420 may control components of the portable device 400 to perform various operations. The controller 420 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 430 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the portable device 400 . Also, the memory unit 430 may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit 440a supplies power to the portable device 400 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The interface unit 440b may support a connection between the portable device 400 and other external devices. The interface unit 440b may include various ports (eg, an audio input/output port and a video input/output port) for connection with an external device. The input/output unit 440c may receive or output image information/signal, audio information/signal, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit 440c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 440d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit 440c obtains information/signals (eg, touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the obtained information/signals are stored in the memory unit 430 . can be saved. The communication unit 410 may convert the information/signal stored in the memory into a wireless signal, and transmit the converted wireless signal directly to another wireless device or to a base station. Also, after receiving a radio signal from another radio device or base station, the communication unit 410 may restore the received radio signal to original information/signal. The restored information/signal may be stored in the memory unit 430 and output in various forms (eg, text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input/output unit 440c.

Types of wireless devices to which the present disclosure is applicable

5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle applied to the present disclosure.

5 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle applied to the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, and the like, but is not limited to the shape of the vehicle.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 500 includes an antenna unit 508 , a communication unit 510 , a control unit 520 , a driving unit 540a , a power supply unit 540b , a sensor unit 540c and autonomous driving. A unit 540d may be included. The antenna unit 550 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 510 . Blocks 510/530/540a to 540d respectively correspond to blocks 410/430/440 of FIG. 4 .

The communication unit 510 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (eg, base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The controller 520 may control elements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 to perform various operations. The controller 520 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The driving unit 540a may cause the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 to run on the ground. The driving unit 540a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, and the like. The power supply unit 540b supplies power to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 , and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The sensor unit 540c may obtain vehicle state, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 540c includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, and a vehicle forward movement. / may include a reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, and the like. The autonomous driving unit 540d includes a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a predetermined route, and a technology for automatically setting a route when a destination is set. technology can be implemented.

For example, the communication unit 510 may receive map data, traffic information data, and the like from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 540d may generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The controller 520 may control the driving unit 540a to move the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 500 along the autonomous driving path (eg, speed/direction adjustment) according to the driving plan. During autonomous driving, the communication unit 510 may obtain the latest traffic information data from an external server non/periodically, and may acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Also, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 540c may acquire vehicle state and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 540d may update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the newly acquired data/information. The communication unit 510 may transmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous driving route, a driving plan, and the like to an external server. The external server may predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or the like based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicles, and may provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicles.

6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a movable body applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 6 , the moving object applied to the present disclosure may be implemented as at least any one of means of transport, train, aircraft, and ship. In addition, the movable body applied to the present disclosure may be implemented in other forms, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

At this time, referring to FIG. 6 , the mobile unit 600 may include a communication unit 610 , a control unit 620 , a memory unit 630 , an input/output unit 640a , and a position measurement unit 640b . Here, blocks 610 to 630/640a to 640b correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 610 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other mobile devices or external devices such as a base station. The controller 620 may perform various operations by controlling the components of the movable body 600 . The memory unit 630 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the mobile unit 600 . The input/output unit 640a may output an AR/VR object based on information in the memory unit 630 . The input/output unit 640a may include a HUD. The position measuring unit 640b may acquire position information of the moving object 600 . The location information may include absolute location information of the moving object 600 , location information within a driving line, acceleration information, and location information with a surrounding vehicle. The position measuring unit 640b may include a GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 610 of the mobile unit 600 may receive map information, traffic information, and the like from an external server and store it in the memory unit 630 . The position measurement unit 640b may obtain information about the location of the moving object through GPS and various sensors and store it in the memory unit 630 . The controller 620 may generate a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, and location information of a moving object, and the input/output unit 640a may display the generated virtual object on a window inside the moving object (651, 652). Also, the control unit 620 may determine whether the moving object 600 is normally operating within the driving line based on the moving object location information. When the moving object 600 abnormally deviates from the travel line, the control unit 620 may display a warning on the glass window of the moving object through the input/output unit 640a. Also, the control unit 620 may broadcast a warning message regarding the driving abnormality to surrounding moving objects through the communication unit 610 . Depending on the situation, the control unit 620 may transmit the location information of the moving object and information about the driving/moving object abnormality to a related organization through the communication unit 610 .

7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an XR device applied to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 7 , the XR device 700a may include a communication unit 710 , a control unit 720 , a memory unit 730 , an input/output unit 740a , a sensor unit 740b , and a power supply unit 740c . . Here, blocks 710 to 730/740a to 740c may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 710 may transmit/receive signals (eg, media data, control signals, etc.) to/from external devices such as other wireless devices, portable devices, or media servers. Media data may include images, images, and sounds. The controller 720 may perform various operations by controlling the components of the XR device 700a. For example, the controller 720 may be configured to control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 730 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the XR device 700a/creating an XR object.

The input/output unit 740a may obtain control information, data, etc. from the outside, and may output the generated XR object. The input/output unit 740a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit 740b may obtain an XR device state, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 740b includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, a red green blue (RGB) sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone and / or radar or the like. The power supply unit 740c supplies power to the XR device 700a, and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

For example, the memory unit 730 of the XR device 700a may include information (eg, data, etc.) necessary for generating an XR object (eg, AR/VR/MR object). The input/output unit 740a may obtain a command to operate the XR device 700a from the user, and the controller 720 may drive the XR device 700a according to the user's driving command. For example, when the user intends to watch a movie or news through the XR device 700a, the controller 720 transmits the content request information through the communication unit 730 to another device (eg, the mobile device 700b) or can be sent to the media server. The communication unit 730 may download/stream contents such as movies and news from another device (eg, the portable device 700b) or a media server to the memory unit 730 . The controller 720 controls and/or performs procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation/processing for the content, and is acquired through the input/output unit 740a/sensor unit 740b It is possible to generate/output an XR object based on information about one surrounding space or a real object.

Also, the XR device 700a is wirelessly connected to the portable device 700b through the communication unit 710 , and the operation of the XR device 700a may be controlled by the portable device 700b. For example, the portable device 700b may operate as a controller for the XR device 700a. To this end, the XR device 700a may obtain 3D location information of the portable device 700b, and then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the portable device 700b.

8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a robot applied to the present disclosure. For example, the robot may be classified into industrial, medical, home, military, etc. according to the purpose or field of use. In this case, referring to FIG. 8 , the robot 800 may include a communication unit 810 , a control unit 820 , a memory unit 830 , an input/output unit 840a , a sensor unit 840b , and a driving unit 840c . . Here, blocks 810 to 830/840a to 840c may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 810 may transmit and receive signals (eg, driving information, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The controller 820 may control components of the robot 800 to perform various operations. The memory unit 830 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the robot 800 . The input/output unit 840a may obtain information from the outside of the robot 800 and may output information to the outside of the robot 800 . The input/output unit 840a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

The sensor unit 840b may obtain internal information, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like of the robot 800 . The sensor unit 840b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a radar, and the like.

The driving unit 840c may perform various physical operations, such as moving a robot joint. Also, the driving unit 840c may cause the robot 800 to travel on the ground or to fly in the air. The driving unit 840c may include an actuator, a motor, a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like.

9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI device applied to the present disclosure. For example, AI devices include TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc. It may be implemented as a device or a mobile device.

Referring to FIG. 9 , the AI device 900 includes a communication unit 910 , a control unit 920 , a memory unit 930 , input/output units 940a/940b , a learning processor unit 940c and a sensor unit 940d. may include Blocks 910 to 930/940a to 940d may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 , respectively.

The communication unit 910 uses wired/wireless communication technology to communicate with external devices such as other AI devices (eg, FIGS. 1, 100x, 120, 140) or an AI server ( FIGS. 1 and 140 ) and wired/wireless signals (eg, sensor information, user input, learning model, control signal, etc.). To this end, the communication unit 910 may transmit information in the memory unit 930 to an external device or transmit a signal received from the external device to the memory unit 930 .

The controller 920 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 900 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. In addition, the controller 920 may control the components of the AI device 900 to perform the determined operation. For example, the control unit 920 may request, search, receive, or utilize the data of the learning processor unit 940c or the memory unit 930, and may be a predicted operation among at least one executable operation or determined to be preferable. Components of the AI device 900 may be controlled to execute the operation. In addition, the control unit 920 collects history information including user feedback on the operation contents or operation of the AI device 900 and stores it in the memory unit 930 or the learning processor unit 940c, or the AI server ( 1 and 140), and the like may be transmitted to an external device. The collected historical information may be used to update the learning model.

The memory unit 930 may store data supporting various functions of the AI device 900 . For example, the memory unit 930 may store data obtained from the input unit 940a , data obtained from the communication unit 910 , output data of the learning processor unit 940c , and data obtained from the sensing unit 940 . Also, the memory unit 930 may store control information and/or software codes necessary for the operation/execution of the control unit 920 .

The input unit 940a may acquire various types of data from the outside of the AI device 900 . For example, the input unit 920 may obtain training data for model learning, input data to which the learning model is applied, and the like. The input unit 940a may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 940b may generate an output related to sight, hearing, or touch. The output unit 940b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 940 may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device 900 , surrounding environment information of the AI device 900 , and user information by using various sensors. The sensing unit 940 may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. have.

The learning processor unit 940c may train a model composed of an artificial neural network by using the training data. The learning processor unit 940c may perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI server ( FIGS. 1 and 140 ). The learning processor unit 940c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or information stored in the memory unit 930 . Also, the output value of the learning processor unit 940c may be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 910 and/or stored in the memory unit 930 .

Physical channels and general signal transmission

In a radio access system, a terminal may receive information from a base station through downlink (DL) and transmit information to a base station through uplink (UL). Information transmitted and received between the base station and the terminal includes general data information and various control information, and various physical channels exist according to the type/use of the information they transmit and receive.

10 is a diagram illustrating physical channels applied to the present disclosure and a signal transmission method using the same.

In a state in which the power is turned off, the power is turned on again, or a terminal newly entering a cell performs an initial cell search operation such as synchronizing with the base station in step S1011. To this end, the terminal receives a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the base station, synchronizes with the base station, and obtains information such as cell ID. .

Thereafter, the terminal may receive a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal from the base station to obtain intra-cell broadcast information. Meanwhile, the UE may receive a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the initial cell search step to check the downlink channel state. After completing the initial cell search, the UE receives a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink control channel (PDSCH) according to physical downlink control channel information in step S1012 and receives a little more Specific system information can be obtained.

Thereafter, the terminal may perform a random access procedure, such as steps S1013 to S1016, to complete access to the base station. To this end, the UE transmits a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S1013), and RAR for the preamble through a physical downlink control channel and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel (S1013). random access response) may be received (S1014). The UE transmits a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using scheduling information in the RAR (S1015), and a contention resolution procedure such as reception of a physical downlink control channel signal and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel signal. ) can be performed (S1016).

After performing the procedure as described above, the terminal receives a physical downlink control channel signal and/or a physical downlink shared channel signal (S1017) and a physical uplink shared channel as a general uplink/downlink signal transmission procedure thereafter. channel, PUSCH) signal and/or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal may be transmitted ( S1018 ).

Control information transmitted by the terminal to the base station is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI is HARQ-ACK / NACK (hybrid automatic repeat and request acknowledgment / negative-ACK), SR (scheduling request), CQI (channel quality indication), PMI (precoding matrix indication), RI (rank indication), BI (beam indication) ) information, etc. In this case, the UCI is generally transmitted periodically through the PUCCH, but may be transmitted through the PUSCH according to an embodiment (eg, when control information and traffic data are to be transmitted at the same time). In addition, according to a request/instruction of the network, the UE may aperiodically transmit the UCI through the PUSCH.

11 is a diagram illustrating a control plane and a user plane structure of a radio interface protocol applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 11 , entity 1 may be a user equipment (UE). In this case, the term "terminal" may be at least one of a wireless device, a portable device, a vehicle, a mobile body, an XR device, a robot, and an AI to which the present disclosure is applied in FIGS. 1 to 9 described above. In addition, the terminal refers to a device to which the present disclosure can be applied and may not be limited to a specific device or device.

Entity 2 may be a base station. In this case, the base station may be at least one of an eNB, a gNB, and an ng-eNB. In addition, the base station may refer to an apparatus for transmitting a downlink signal to the terminal, and may not be limited to a specific type or apparatus. That is, the base station may be implemented in various forms or types, and may not be limited to a specific form.

Entity 3 may be a network device or a device performing a network function. In this case, the network device may be a core network node (eg, a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), etc.) that manages mobility. In addition, the network function may mean a function implemented to perform a network function, and entity 3 may be a device to which the function is applied. That is, the entity 3 may refer to a function or device that performs a network function, and is not limited to a specific type of device.

The control plane may refer to a path through which control messages used by a user equipment (UE) and a network to manage a call are transmitted. Also, the user plane may mean a path through which data generated in the application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data, is transmitted. In this case, the physical layer, which is the first layer, may provide an information transfer service to a higher layer by using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper medium access control layer through a transport channel. In this case, data may be moved between the medium access control layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Data can be moved between the physical layers of the transmitting side and the receiving side through a physical channel. In this case, the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

A medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer provides a service to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is an upper layer, through a logical channel. The RLC layer of the second layer may support reliable data transmission. The function of the RLC layer may be implemented as a function block inside the MAC. The packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer may perform a header compression function that reduces unnecessary control information in order to efficiently transmit IP packets such as IPv4 or IPv6 in a narrow-bandwidth air interface. . A radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the bottom of the third layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer may be in charge of controlling logical channels, transport channels and physical channels in relation to configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers (RBs). RB may mean a service provided by the second layer for data transfer between the terminal and the network. To this end, the UE and the RRC layer of the network may exchange RRC messages with each other. A non-access stratum (NAS) layer above the RRC layer may perform functions such as session management and mobility management. One cell constituting the base station may be set to one of various bandwidths to provide downlink or uplink transmission services to multiple terminals. Different cells may be configured to provide different bandwidths. The downlink transmission channel for transmitting data from the network to the terminal includes a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, a paging channel (PCH) for transmitting a paging message, and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. have. In the case of a downlink multicast or broadcast service traffic or control message, it may be transmitted through a downlink SCH or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, as an uplink transmission channel for transmitting data from the terminal to the network, there are a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or a control message. A logical channel that is located above the transport channel and is mapped to the transport channel includes a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast (MTCH) channel. traffic channels), etc.

12 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applied to the present disclosure. As an example, the transmission signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit. In this case, the signal processing circuit 1200 may include a scrambler 1210 , a modulator 1220 , a layer mapper 1230 , a precoder 1240 , a resource mapper 1250 , and a signal generator 1260 . In this case, as an example, the operation/function of FIG. 12 may be performed by the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . Also, as an example, the hardware elements of FIG. 12 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 . As an example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 . In addition, blocks 1210 to 1250 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 , and block 1260 may be implemented in the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 , and the embodiment is not limited thereto.

The codeword may be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit 1200 of FIG. 12 . Here, the codeword is a coded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (eg, a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The radio signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (eg, PUSCH, PDSCH) of FIG. 10 . Specifically, the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1210 . A scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device, and the like. The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated by a modulator 1220 into a modulation symbol sequence. The modulation method may include pi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM), and the like.

The complex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to one or more transport layers by a layer mapper 1230 . Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 1240 (precoding). The output z of the precoder 1240 may be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1230 by the precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transport layers. Here, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (eg, discrete fourier transform (DFT) transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Also, the precoder 1240 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper 1250 may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include a plurality of symbols (eg, a CP-OFDMA symbol, a DFT-s-OFDMA symbol) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1260 generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal may be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1260 may include an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) module and a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, and the like. .

The signal processing process for the received signal in the wireless device may be configured in reverse of the signal processing process 1210 to 1260 of FIG. 12 . For example, the wireless device (eg, 200a or 200b of FIG. 2 ) may receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received radio signal may be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal may be restored to a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codeword may be restored to the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, the signal processing circuit (not shown) for the received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a post coder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

13 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame applicable to the present disclosure.

Uplink and downlink transmission based on the NR system may be based on a frame as shown in FIG. 13 . In this case, one radio frame has a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). One half-frame may be defined as 5 1ms subframes (subframe, SF). One subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe may depend on subcarrier spacing (SCS). In this case, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP (normal CP) is used, each slot may include 14 symbols. When an extended CP (CP) is used, each slot may include 12 symbols. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or a DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

Table 1 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS when the normal CP is used, and Table 2 shows the number of slots per slot according to the SCS when the extended CSP is used. Indicates the number of symbols, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe.

0	14	10	One
One	14	20	2
2	14	40	4
3	14	80	8
4	14	160	16
5	14	320	32

2	12	40	4

In Tables 1 and 2, N ^slot _symb may indicate the number of symbols in a slot, N ^{frame, μ} _{slot may indicate the number of slots} in a frame ^{, and N subframe, μ} slot may indicate the number of slots in a subframe. .

In addition, in a system to which the present disclosure is applicable, OFDM(A) numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between a plurality of cells merged into one UE. Accordingly, an (absolute time) interval of a time resource (eg, SF, slot, or TTI) (commonly referred to as a TU (time unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

NR may support multiple numerology (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when SCS is 15kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands, and when SCS is 30kHz/60kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and a wider carrier bandwidth, and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it can support a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band is defined as a frequency range of two types (FR1, FR2). FR1 and FR2 may be configured as shown in the table below. In addition, FR2 may mean a millimeter wave (mmW).

Frequency Range designation	Corresponding frequency range	Subcarrier Spacing
FR1	410MHz - 7125MHz	15, 30, 60 kHz
FR2	24250MHz - 52600MHz	60, 120, 240 kHz

Also, as an example, in a communication system to which the present disclosure is applicable, the above-described pneumatic numerology may be set differently. For example, a terahertz wave (THz) band may be used as a higher frequency band than the above-described FR2. In the THz band, the SCS may be set to be larger than that of the NR system, and the number of slots may be set differently, and it is not limited to the above-described embodiment. The THz band will be described later.

14 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure applicable to the present disclosure.

One slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols. A carrier (carrier) includes a plurality of subcarriers (subcarrier) in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of (eg, 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

In addition, a bandwidth part (BWP) is defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.).

A carrier may include a maximum of N (eg, 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through the activated BWP, and only one BWP can be activated for one terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one complex symbol may be mapped.

6G communication system

6G (wireless) systems have (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) battery- It aims to reduce energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connections, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system may have four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity", and "ubiquitous connectivity", and the 6G system may satisfy the requirements shown in Table 4 below. That is, Table 4 is a table showing the requirements of the 6G system.

Per device peak data rate	1 Tbps
E2E latency	1 ms
Maximum spectral efficiency	100 bps/Hz
Mobility support	up to 1000 km/hr
Satellite integration	Fully
AI	Fully
autonomous vehicle	Fully
XR	Fully
Haptic Communication	Fully

At this time, the 6G system includes enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI integrated communication, and tactile Internet (tactile internet), high throughput (high throughput), high network capacity (high network capacity), high energy efficiency (high energy efficiency), low backhaul and access network congestion (low backhaul and access network congestion) and improved data security ( It may have key factors such as enhanced data security.

15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 15 , the 6G system is expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than the 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, is expected to become an even more important technology by providing an end-to-end delay of less than 1 ms in 6G communication. At this time, the 6G system will have much better volumetric spectral efficiency, unlike the frequently used area spectral efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technology for energy harvesting, so mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be charged separately. In addition, new network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

- Satellites integrated network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. The integration of terrestrial, satellite and public networks into one wireless communication system could be very important for 6G.

- Connected intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary and will update the evolution of wireless from “connected things” to “connected intelligence”. AI may be applied in each step of a communication procedure (or each procedure of signal processing to be described later).

- Seamless integration wireless information and energy transfer: The 6G wireless network will deliver power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

- Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low-Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

In the above new network characteristics of 6G, some general requirements may be as follows.

- Small cell networks: The idea of small cell networks was introduced to improve the received signal quality as a result of improved throughput, energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in cellular systems. As a result, small cell networks are essential characteristics for communication systems beyond 5G and Beyond 5G (5GB). Accordingly, the 6G communication system also adopts the characteristics of the small cell network.

- Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication system. A multi-tier network composed of heterogeneous networks improves overall QoS and reduces costs.

- high-capacity backhaul: The backhaul connection is characterized as a high-capacity backhaul network to support high-capacity traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

- Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based service) through communication is one of the functions of the 6G wireless communication system. Therefore, the radar system will be integrated with the 6G network.

- Softwarization and virtualization: Softening and virtualization are two important functions that underlie the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability. In addition, billions of devices can be shared in a shared physical infrastructure.

Core implementation technology of 6G system

- Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The most important and newly introduced technology for 6G systems is AI. AI was not involved in the 4G system. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will be AI-enabled for full automation. Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Incorporating AI into communications can simplify and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communication. In addition, AI can be a rapid communication in the BCI (brain computer interface). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems, but these are the application layer, network layer, and especially deep learning focused on wireless resource management and allocation. come. However, these studies are gradually developing into the MAC layer and the physical layer, and in particular, attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission in the physical layer are appearing. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver rather than a traditional communication framework in a fundamental signal processing and communication mechanism. For example, deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism, It may include AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

Machine learning may be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and may be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, and the like in a physical layer of a downlink (DL). In addition, machine learning may be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, and the like in a MIMO system.

However, the application of DNN for transmission in the physical layer may have the following problems.

Deep learning-based AI algorithms require large amounts of training data to optimize training parameters. However, due to a limitation in acquiring data in a specific channel environment as training data, a lot of training data is used offline. This is because static training on training data in a specific channel environment may cause a contradiction between dynamic characteristics and diversity of a wireless channel.

In addition, current deep learning mainly targets real signals. However, signals of the physical layer of wireless communication are complex signals. In order to match the characteristics of a wireless communication signal, further research on a neural network for detecting a complex domain signal is needed.

Hereinafter, machine learning will be described in more detail.

Machine learning refers to a set of operations that trains a machine to create a machine that can perform tasks that humans can or cannot do. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be roughly divided into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Neural network learning is to minimize errors in output. Neural network learning repeatedly inputs training data into the neural network, calculates the output and target errors of the neural network for the training data, and backpropagates the neural network error from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in the direction to reduce the error. ) to update the weight of each node in the neural network.

Supervised learning uses training data in which the correct answer is labeled in the training data, and in unsupervised learning, the correct answer may not be labeled in the training data. That is, for example, learning data in the case of supervised learning related to data classification may be data in which categories are labeled for each of the training data. The labeled training data is input to the neural network, and an error can be calculated by comparing the output (category) of the neural network with the label of the training data. The calculated error is back propagated in the reverse direction (ie, from the output layer to the input layer) in the neural network, and the connection weight of each node of each layer of the neural network may be updated according to the back propagation. The change amount of the connection weight of each node to be updated may be determined according to a learning rate. The computation of the neural network on the input data and the backpropagation of errors can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate may be applied differently depending on the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early stage of learning a neural network, a high learning rate can be used to increase the efficiency by allowing the neural network to quickly obtain a certain level of performance, and in the late learning period, a low learning rate can be used to increase the accuracy.

The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, when the purpose of accurately predicting data transmitted from a transmitter in a communication system is at a receiver, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

The learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be considered. ) is called

The neural network cord used as a learning method is largely divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent boltzmann machine (RNN) methods. and such a learning model can be applied.

THz (Terahertz) communication

THz communication may be applied in the 6G system. For example, the data rate may be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be accomplished by using sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology.

16 is a diagram illustrating an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure. As an example, referring to FIG. 16 , a THz wave, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally represents a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a corresponding wavelength in the range of 0.03 mm-3 mm. The 100GHz-300GHz band range (Sub THz band) is considered a major part of the THz band for cellular communication. Sub-THz band Addition to mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300GHz-3THz is in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300GHz-3THz band is part of the broadband, but at the edge of the wideband, just behind the RF band. Thus, this 300 GHz-3 THz band shows similarities to RF.

The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (high directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth produced by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of the THz signal allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This allows the use of advanced adaptive nesting techniques that can overcome range limitations.

optical wireless technology

Optical wireless communication (OWC) technology is envisaged for 6G communication in addition to RF-based communication for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks connect to network-to-backhaul/fronthaul network connections. OWC technology has already been used since the 4G communication system, but will be used more widely to meet the needs of the 6G communication system. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and free space optical (FSO) communication based on a light band are well known technologies. Communication based on optical radio technology can provide very high data rates, low latency and secure communication. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can also be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communication based on a wide band.

FSO backhaul network

The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Thus, data transmission in an FSO system is similar to that of a fiber optic system. Therefore, FSO can be a good technology to provide backhaul connectivity in 6G systems along with fiber optic networks. Using FSO, very long-distance communication is possible even at distances of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connections for remote and non-remote areas such as sea, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connectivity.

Massive MIMO technology

One of the key technologies to improve spectral efficiency is to apply MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, so does the spectral efficiency. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since the MIMO technology uses multiple paths, a multiplexing technique and a beam generation and operation technique suitable for the THz band should also be considered important so that a data signal can be transmitted through one or more paths.

blockchain

Blockchain will become an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, which is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. The blockchain is managed as a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. It can exist without being managed by a centralized authority or server. Data on the blockchain is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using encryption. Blockchain in nature perfectly complements IoT at scale with improved interoperability, security, privacy, reliability and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides several functions such as interoperability between devices, traceability of large amounts of data, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

3D Networking

The 6G system integrates terrestrial and public networks to support vertical expansion of user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in terms of elevation and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connections significantly different from traditional 2D networks.

quantum communication

In the context of 6G networks, unsupervised reinforcement learning of networks is promising. Supervised learning methods cannot label the massive amounts of data generated by 6G. Labeling is not required for unsupervised learning. Thus, this technique can be used to autonomously build representations of complex networks. Combining reinforcement learning and unsupervised learning allows networks to operate in a truly autonomous way.

drone

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will become an important element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connections are provided using UAV technology. A base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and degrees of freedom with controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. A UAV can easily handle this situation. UAV will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three basic requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC and mMTC. UAVs can also support multiple purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, incident monitoring, and more. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

Cell-free Communication

Tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is very important in 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without having to make any manual configuration on the device. The best network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes too many handovers in high-density networks, causing handover failures, handover delays, data loss and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of this and provide better QoS. Cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and different heterogeneous radios of devices.

Wireless information and energy transfer (WIET)

WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, the sensor and smartphone will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery-charging wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.

Integration of sensing and communication

An autonomous wireless network is a function that can continuously detect dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchange information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

Consolidation of access backhaul networks

In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network is connected by backhaul connections such as fiber optic and FSO networks. To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between the access and backhaul networks.

holographic beamforming

Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit a radio signal in a specific direction. A smart antenna or a subset of an advanced antenna system. Beamforming technology has several advantages, such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and rejection, and high network efficiency. Hologram beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that is significantly different from MIMO systems because it uses a software-defined antenna. HBF will be a very effective approach for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

Big Data Analytics

Big data analytics is a complex process for analyzing various large data sets or big data. This process ensures complete data management by finding information such as hidden data, unknown correlations and customer propensity. Big data is gathered from a variety of sources such as videos, social networks, images and sensors. This technology is widely used to process massive amounts of data in 6G systems.

LIS (large intelligent surface)

In the case of the THz band signal, the linearity is strong, so there may be many shaded areas due to obstructions. By installing LIS near these shaded areas, it becomes important to expand the communication area, strengthen communication stability and provide additional additional services. The LIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials, and can change the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. LIS can be viewed as an extension of massive MIMO, but has a different array structure and operation mechanism from that of massive MIMO. In addition, LIS is low in that it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, that is, only passively reflects the signal without using an active RF chain. It has the advantage of having power consumption. Also, since each of the passive reflectors of the LIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, it can be advantageous for a wireless communication channel. By properly adjusting the phase shift via the LIS controller, the reflected signal can be gathered at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

terahertz (THz) wireless communication

17 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17, THz wireless communication uses a THz wave having a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 1012 Hz), and uses a very high carrier frequency of 100 GHz or more. It can mean communication. THz wave is located between RF (Radio Frequency)/millimeter (mm) and infrared band, (i) It transmits non-metal/non-polar material better than visible light/infrared light, and has a shorter wavelength than RF/millimeter wave, so it has high straightness. Beam focusing may be possible.

In addition, since the photon energy of the THz wave is only a few meV, it is harmless to the human body. The frequency band expected to be used for THz wireless communication may be a D-band (110 GHz to 170 GHz) or H-band (220 GHz to 325 GHz) band with low propagation loss due to absorption of molecules in the air. Standardization discussion on THz wireless communication is being discussed centered on IEEE 802.15 THz working group (WG) in addition to 3GPP, and standard documents issued by TG (task group) (eg, TG3d, TG3e) of IEEE 802.15 are described in this specification. It can be specified or supplemented. THz wireless communication may be applied to wireless recognition, sensing, imaging, wireless communication, THz navigation, and the like.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 17 , a THz wireless communication scenario may be classified into a macro network, a micro network, and a nanoscale network. In a macro network, THz wireless communication can be applied to a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) connection and a backhaul/fronthaul connection. THz wireless communication in micro networks is applied to indoor small cells, fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections such as wireless connections in data centers, and near-field communication such as kiosk downloading. can be Table 5 below is a table showing an example of a technique that can be used in the THz wave.

Transceivers Device	Available immature: UTC-PD, RTD and SBD
Modulation and coding	Low order modulation techniques (OOK, QPSK), LDPC, Reed Soloman, Hamming, Polar, Turbo
Antenna	Omni and Directional, phased array with low number of antenna elements
Bandwidth	69 GHz (or 23 GHz) at 300 GHz
Channel models	Partially
data rate	100 Gbps
outdoor deployment	No
Fee space loss	High
Coverage	Low
Radio Measurements	300 GHz inddor
Device size	Few micrometers

18 is a diagram illustrating a THz wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 18 , THz wireless communication may be classified based on a method for generating and receiving THz. The THz generation method can be classified into an optical device or an electronic device-based technology.

At this time, the method of generating THz using an electronic device is a method using a semiconductor device such as a resonant tunneling diode (RTD), a method using a local oscillator and a multiplier, a compound semiconductor HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) based There are a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) method using an integrated circuit, a method using a Si-CMOS-based integrated circuit, and the like. In the case of FIG. 18 , a doubler, tripler, or multiplier is applied to increase the frequency, and it is radiated by the antenna through the sub-harmonic mixer. Since the THz band forms a high frequency, a multiplier is essential. Here, the multiplier is a circuit that has an output frequency that is N times that of the input, matches the desired harmonic frequency, and filters out all other frequencies. Also, an array antenna or the like may be applied to the antenna of FIG. 18 to implement beamforming. In FIG. 18 , IF denotes an intermediate frequency, tripler, and multiplier denote a multiplier, PA denotes a power amplifier, and LNA denotes a low noise amplifier. ), PLL represents a phase-locked loop.

19 is a diagram illustrating a THz signal generation method applicable to the present disclosure. In addition, FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication transceiver applicable to the present disclosure.

19 and 20 , the optical device-based THz wireless communication technology refers to a method of generating and modulating a THz signal using an optical device. The optical element-based THz signal generation technology is a technology that generates a high-speed optical signal using a laser and an optical modulator, and converts it into a THz signal using an ultra-high-speed photodetector. In this technology, it is easier to increase the frequency compared to the technology using only electronic devices, it is possible to generate a high-power signal, and it is possible to obtain a flat response characteristic in a wide frequency band. As shown in FIG. 19 , a laser diode, a broadband optical modulator, and a high-speed photodetector are required to generate an optical device-based THz signal. In the case of FIG. 19 , light signals of two lasers having different wavelengths are multiplexed to generate a THz signal corresponding to a difference in wavelength between the lasers. In FIG. 19 , an optical coupler refers to a semiconductor device that transmits electrical signals using light waves to provide coupling with electrical insulation between circuits or systems, and UTC-PD (uni-travelling carrier photo- The detector) is one of the photodetectors, which uses electrons as active carriers and reduces the movement time of electrons by bandgap grading. UTC-PD is capable of photodetection above 150GHz. In FIG. 20 , an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) indicates an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a photo detector (PD) indicates a semiconductor device capable of converting an optical signal into an electrical signal, and the OSA indicates various optical communication functions (eg, .

21 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transmitter applicable to the present disclosure. Also, FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a modulator structure applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 21 and 22 , in general, a phase of a signal may be changed by passing an optical source of a laser through an optical wave guide. At this time, data is loaded by changing electrical characteristics through microwave contact or the like. Accordingly, an optical modulator output is formed as a modulated waveform. The photoelectric modulator (O/E converter) is an optical rectification operation by a nonlinear crystal (nonlinear crystal), photoelectric conversion (O / E conversion) by a photoconductive antenna (photoconductive antenna), a bunch of electrons in the light beam (bunch of) THz pulses can be generated by, for example, emission from relativistic electrons. A terahertz pulse (THz pulse) generated in the above manner may have a length in units of femtoseconds to picoseconds. An O/E converter performs down conversion by using non-linearity of a device.

Considering the THz spectrum usage, a number of contiguous GHz bands for fixed or mobile service use for the terahertz system are used. likely to use According to the outdoor scenario standard, available bandwidth may be classified based on oxygen attenuation of 10^2 dB/km in a spectrum up to 1 THz. Accordingly, a framework in which the available bandwidth is composed of several band chunks may be considered. As an example of the framework, if the length of a terahertz pulse (THz pulse) for one carrier is set to 50 ps, the bandwidth (BW) becomes about 20 GHz.

Effective down conversion from the infrared band to the THz band depends on how the nonlinearity of the O/E converter is exploited. That is, in order to down-convert to a desired terahertz band (THz band), the O/E converter having the most ideal non-linearity for transfer to the terahertz band (THz band) is design is required. If an O/E converter that does not fit the target frequency band is used, there is a high possibility that an error may occur with respect to the amplitude and phase of the corresponding pulse.

A terahertz transmission/reception system may be implemented using one photoelectric converter in a single carrier system. Although it depends on the channel environment, as many photoelectric converters as the number of carriers may be required in a far-carrier system. In particular, in the case of a multi-carrier system using several broadbands according to the above-described spectrum usage-related scheme, the phenomenon will become conspicuous. In this regard, a frame structure for the multi-carrier system may be considered. The down-frequency-converted signal based on the photoelectric converter may be transmitted in a specific resource region (eg, a specific frame). The frequency domain of the specific resource region may include a plurality of chunks. Each chunk may be composed of at least one component carrier (CC).

Specific embodiments of the present disclosure

In the following description, a technique for transmitting and receiving a signal according to a unique word (UW)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is described. The present disclosure proposes embodiments capable of reducing transmission and reception complexity in a UW-OFDM system.

UW-OFDM is a waveform in which CP is replaced with UW, which is a deterministic sequence, in cyclic prefix (CP)-OFDM. UW can be used for synchronization acquisition, channel estimation, phase noise estimation, and the like. Since the UW is included in a discrete fourier transform (DFT) window, cyclicity is guaranteed. In addition, when UW-OFDM is used, unlike CP-OFDM, power and time resource consumed for CP transmission are saved. The structure of the UW-OFDM symbol is shown in FIG. 23 .

23 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a symbol applicable to the present disclosure. 23 illustrates a plurality of UW-OFDM symbols. Referring to FIG. 23 , UW-OFDM symbols are configured in a form in which UW 2310a, data 2320a, UW 2310b, data 2320b, and UW 2310c are concatenated in the time domain. A pair of one data 2320a or 2320b and one UW 2320b or 2320c constitutes one UW-OFDM symbol, and one UW-OFDM symbol is included in the _{T DFT section.} That is, unlike the CP of the CP-OFDM symbol currently used in LTE and 5G systems, the UW of the UW-OFDM symbol is DFT or FFT (fast fourier transform) operation along with data.

In the case of FIG. 23 , one UW 2320a is disposed before the first UW-OFDM symbol. In order to perform channel estimation, phase noise estimation, etc. using UW, it is advantageous that UWs are disposed at both front and rear ends of data in a UW-OFDM symbol. Thus, in the example of FIG. 23 , the first UW 2320a is deployed without data. However, according to another embodiment, it is also possible to configure UW-OFDM symbols except for the first UW 2320a.

An example of generating the UW-OFDM symbol shown in FIG. 23 is shown in FIG. 24 below. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of inserting a UW into a symbol applicable to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 24 , the UW of UW-OFDM may be generated through two (2) steps. In a first step, a symbol 2412 containing zero UW is generated. By designating some of all subcarriers as redundant subcarriers, an OFDM symbol having a specific area of 0 within a symbol interval is generated. In a second step, a UW-OFDM symbol 2410 is generated by adding a UW signal 2414 to be transmitted to the zero UW region of the previously generated OFDM symbol 2412 in the time domain.

As shown in FIG. 24 , in order to make a specific section 0 in a UW-OFDM symbol, an operation of multiplying a data symbol to be transmitted with a precoding matrix is generally required. In order to reduce the computational complexity of matrix multiplication, a transmitter structure capable of replacing a multiplication operation with a simple addition/subtraction operation in a time domain through a tail cancellation technique will be described below. In addition, a receiver structure capable of eliminating performance degradation occurring in the receiver when the proposed transmitter structure is applied is also described.

25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter for generating UW-OFDM symbols applicable to the present disclosure. 25 illustrates the structure of a transmitter using matrix multiplication. The components illustrated in FIG. 25 are functional blocks, and the components may be physically implemented as one or more circuits.

Referring to FIG. 25 , the transmitter includes a redundant generating unit 2502 , a permutation unit 2504 , a zero insertion unit 2506 , and an inverse DFT (IDFT) unit. (IDFT unit) 2508 , and a UW adding unit 2510 .

The surplus part generating unit 2502 adds surplus values to the input data d. To this end, the redundant portion generating unit 2502 uses a redundant generation matrix T. The permutator 2504 permutes a signal including the surplus values and data values. Here, the signal includes values in the frequency domain, and the redundant values are moved to a position of a redundant subcarrier by the permutation unit 2504 . The combination of the permutation matrix P and the residual generation matrix T used for permutation may be referred to as a code generation matrix G.

The zero insertion unit 2506 inserts a value of 0 into positions corresponding to a direct current (DC) subcarrier and a guard band. In other words, the zero insertion unit 2506 maps a value of 0 to DC subcarriers and subcarriers in the guard band. In some cases, the zero insertion portion 2506 may be omitted.

The IDFT unit 2508 performs IDFT operation on the signal output from the zero insertion unit 2506 or the permutation unit 2504 . Accordingly, the frequency domain signal is converted into a time domain signal. In this case, the time domain signal is an OFDM symbol including zero UW. According to another embodiment, the IDFT operation may be replaced with the IFFT operation.

The UW inserter 2510 inserts the UW into the time domain signal. In other words, the UW inserter 2510 adds the UW to the zero UW position of the OFDM symbol including the zero UW. Here, the sequence of the UW may be predefined or may be determined through signaling with the receiving end.

According to the structure shown in FIG. 25, the transmitter makes a specific area of an OFDM symbol 0, and then inserts and transmits a UW in the corresponding area. As described above, a redundant subcarrier is used to generate a zero UW that makes a specific region 0 in the time domain. In order to generate a redundant subcarrier, an operation of multiplying a data symbol by a code generation matrix G composed of a permutation matrix P and a redundant generation matrix T is performed. The above-described UW-OFDM symbol generation operations are expressed as Equation 1 below.

In [Equation 1],

is an OFDM symbol in the time domain that does not include UW, a matrix having a size of N×1;

is the N-point IDFT matrix,

is a zero-padded matrix, N×(N _d +N _r ), in which each element is 0 or 1;

is a permutation matrix, where each element is 0 or 1 of size (N _d +N _r )×(N _d +N _r );

is the identity matrix,

is a residual generation matrix, a matrix of size _{N r} × N _d,

is data values in the frequency domain included in the OFDM symbol, and is a matrix of size _{N d × 1,}

are redundant subcarriers in the frequency domain, a matrix of size _{N r × 1,}

is the code generation matrix,

is a matrix of size _{(NN u} )×1 as payload data,

is a zero matrix of size _{N u × 1,}

is a UW-OFDM symbol including UW, a matrix of size N×1,

is UW, which means a matrix with a size of _{N u ×1.}

When the transmitter is implemented with the structure shown in FIG. 25, an operation of multiplying the residual generation matrix T by the Daber symbol is performed. The size of the residual generator matrix is N _r × N _{d ,} and the size of the data symbol is N _d × 1 . That is, in order to generate the redundant values, a complex matrix multiplication operation of _{(N r} × N _d ) by (N _{d × 1) complexity is required for every OFDM symbol.}

26 is a diagram illustrating another example of a transmitter for generating UW-OFDM symbols applicable to the present disclosure. 26 illustrates the structure of a transmitter using tail cancellation. The components illustrated in FIG. 26 are functional blocks, and the components may be physically implemented as one or more circuits.

Referring to FIG. 26 , the transmitter includes a permutation unit 2602 , an IDFT unit 2604 , a tail cancellation unit 2606 , and a UW insertion unit 2608 .

The permutator 2602 permutes a signal including dummy values (eg, 0) and data. Here, the signal includes values in the frequency domain, and the dummy values are moved by the permutation unit 2602 to positions of subcarriers that are affected by the subsequent tail removal operation. For permutation, a permutation matrix P may be used.

The IDFT unit 2604 performs an IDFT operation on the signal output from the permutation unit 2602 . Accordingly, the frequency domain signal is converted into a time domain signal. In this case, the time domain signal is an OFDM symbol that does not include zero UW. According to another embodiment, the IDFT operation may be replaced with the IFFT operation.

The tail remover 2606 forms a zero UW in the time domain signal. In other words, the tail removing unit 2606 converts an OFDM symbol that does not include zero UW into an OFDM symbol that includes zero UW. To this end, the tail removing unit 2606 changes the signal value of the region corresponding to the position of the UW to 0 in the OFDM symbol interval. In addition, the tail removing unit 2606 corrects signal values of other regions by using the signal values of the region corresponding to the location of the UW.

The UW inserter 2510 inserts the UW into the time domain signal output from the tail remover 2606 . In other words, the UW inserter 2510 adds the UW to the zero UW position of the OFDM symbol including the zero UW. Here, the sequence of the UW may be predefined or may be determined through signaling with the receiving end.

Although not shown in FIG. 26 , the transmitter may further include a zero insertion unit. Before the signal output from the permutation unit 2602 is input to the IDFT 2604, the zero insertion unit inserts a zero value at a position corresponding to the DC subcarrier and the guard band. In other words, the zero insertion unit maps the 0 value to the DC subcarriers and subcarriers in the guard band.

If the tail removal technique is used in the time domain through the structure shown in FIG. 26, the multiplication operation between the redundant generation matrix and the data symbols may be excluded in the frequency domain. Before performing the IDFT operation on data symbols, a dummy value is placed at a specific subcarrier position using the permutation matrix P. The arrangement of the dummy value is to reduce or eliminate the effect of distortion caused by tail removal. Here, the tail removal will be described in more detail as follows.

27 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for generating a UW-OFDM having a zero UW applicable to the present disclosure. 27 illustrates a process of zero UW generation by tail removal.

Referring to FIG. 27 , the signal 2710 passed through the IDFT includes a first region 2712 having a value A, a second region 2714 having a value B, a third region 2716 having a value C, and a value D and a fourth region 2718 having a length N. The length of the fourth region 2718 is N _u , which is equal to the length of the UW region 2738 . Here, the fourth region 2718 is a position where zero UW is inserted. The transmitter generates a cancellation factor 2722 by changing the sign of data D included in the fourth region 2718 where zero UW is to be inserted among the signals 2710 passing through the IDFT, and repeats the cancellation factor 2722 (repetition) to generate a cancellation signal (cancellation signal) 2720 of length N. When the cancellation signal 2720 is added to the signal 2710 , the value of the UW region 2738 becomes zero. In other words, it results in a first region 2732 with value AD, a second region 2734 with value BD, a third region 2736 with value CD, and UW region 2738 with value 0. Zero UW-OFDM symbols are obtained.

Due to the characteristic of DFT, a signal having repeated values in the time domain is configured in a form in which values exist in subcarriers arranged at specific intervals in the frequency domain. When tail removal is performed through the process as shown in FIG. 27 , the signal 2720 repeated in the time domain has a value in subcarriers of _{(N/N u ) period as indices of [Equation 2] below in the frequency domain.} have

In [Equation 2],

is the length of the UW-OFDM symbol,

is the length of UW.

As described above, when tail cancellation is used, since signals are generated on subcarriers of a certain period, when data values are mapped to the corresponding subcarriers, distortion may occur. Accordingly, the transmitter maps the dummy values to the corresponding subcarriers so that the data value is not transmitted through the corresponding subcarriers by performing permutation. To this end, in performing tail removal, the symbol length N and the UW length N _u are preferably set _{so that (N/N u ) has an integer value.}

28 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for generating a UW-OFDM symbol in an apparatus applicable to the present disclosure. 28 illustrates an operation method of an apparatus for transmitting UW-OFDM symbols. The device that is the operating subject of FIG. 28 may be a base station that transmits a downlink signal or a terminal that transmits an uplink signal.

Referring to FIG. 28 , in step S2801, the device maps dummy signals to the first subcarrier set. The value of the dummy signal may be predefined, for example, may be 0. Here, the first subcarrier set includes subcarriers at positions where a value exists when a signal in which a tail is repeated in the time domain is observed in the frequency domain. For example, the first subcarrier set includes subcarriers arranged at regular intervals, and the interval is determined based on the length of the OFDM symbol and the length of the UW.

In step S2803, the device maps the data signals to the second set of subcarriers. The subcarriers included in the second subcarrier set include subcarriers not included in the first subcarrier set. The data signal is data values in the frequency domain and may include complex values. The data signals may be mapped according to the resource allocation result in the second subcarrier set.

In step S2805, the device performs frequency-time conversion on the dummy signals and the data signals. The apparatus converts a frequency domain signal including dummy signals and data signals into a time domain signal by performing an IDFT operation or an IFFT operation. The frequency domain signal may further include zero-padding values for a DC subcarrier or guardband.

In step S2807, the device forms a zero UW using a signal generated based on at least a part of the time domain signal. For example, the apparatus generates a repetitive signal to form a zero UW by repeatedly concatenating the tails of OFDM symbols in the time domain, and subtracts the repetitive signal from the OFDM symbol to form zero UWs in some regions of the OFDM symbol. . In other words, the device may form a zero UW by summing the cancellation signal obtained by multiplying the repetition signal by -1 with the OFDM symbol.

Thereafter, although not shown in FIG. 28 , the device may insert a UW into a zero UW area and transmit a UW-OFDM symbol including the UW. That is, the device may generate a UW-OFDM symbol by summing the OFDM symbol including zero UW and the UW, up-convert the UW-OFDM symbol into a signal of an operating frequency band, and then transmit.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure describes a receiver for receiving the UW-OFDM symbol generated as described above. When the UW-OFDM symbol is generated using the tail removal operation, an apparatus receiving the UW-OFDM symbol may process the UW-OFDM symbol using a receiver having a structure to be described later.

29 is a diagram illustrating an example of a receiver for processing UW-OFDM symbols applicable to the present disclosure. 29 illustrates a receiver in which a distortion component generated by tail removal is removed through padding. The components illustrated in FIG. 29 are functional blocks, and the components may be physically implemented as one or more circuits.

Referring to FIG. 29 , the receiver includes a DFT unit 2912 , a UW subtracting unit 2914 , and a data estimator 2916 . The DFT unit 2912 converts the UW-OFDM symbol into a frequency domain signal by performing a DFT operation on the UW-OFDM symbol. According to another embodiment, the DFT operation may be replaced with the FFT operation. The UW deletion unit 2914 deletes the UW from the signal output from the DFT unit 2912 . To this end, the UW deletion unit 2914 subtracts the UW value in the frequency domain from the input signal. At this time, the UW value to be subtracted is channel information (eg, channel matrix

) and include the corrected values. At this time, the UW deletion unit 2914 padding signal values of subcarriers affected by distortion caused by tail removal with a predefined value (eg, 0). The data estimator 2916 detects data from the UW-removed and padded signal. Due to the padding operation of the UW eraser 2914, a distortion component caused by tail removal is removed, and the data estimator 2916 can recover data by performing data estimation only on data symbols.

Although not shown in FIG. 29 , the receiver may further include a channel estimation unit for estimating a channel between the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus. After the channel estimator estimates the channel, the estimated channel information (eg, the channel matrix

) is provided to the UW erasure unit 2914 or 2922 and the data estimator 2916 or 2926 . Accordingly, the data estimator 2916 or 2926 may equalize the data signal based on the channel information and perform demodulation and decoding.

30 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a procedure for processing UW-OFDM symbols in an apparatus applicable to the present disclosure. 30 illustrates an operation method of an apparatus for receiving a UW-OFDM symbol. The device as the operating subject of FIG. 30 may be a terminal receiving a downlink signal or a base station receiving an uplink signal.

Referring to FIG. 30 , in step S3001, the device removes the UW. UW can be removed in either the time domain or the frequency domain. The device receives a UW-OFDM symbol, transforms a UW signal in a time domain or a frequency domain based on channel information, and then subtracts the modified UW signal from the UW-OFDM symbol.

In step S3003, the device removes signals on the first subcarrier set. The first subcarrier set includes subcarriers at positions where distortion occurs due to tail removal. That is, the first subcarrier set includes subcarriers at positions where a value exists when a signal in which the tail is repeated in the time domain is observed in the frequency domain. To cancel the signals, the device may change the values of signals received on the first subcarrier set to zero.

In step S3005, the device detects data using signals on the second subcarrier set. The subcarriers included in the second subcarrier set include subcarriers not included in the first subcarrier set. The data signal is data values in the frequency domain and may include complex values. The data signals may be mapped according to the resource allocation result in the second subcarrier set.

Even if the transmitter structure shown in FIG. 25 is used, if a certain condition is satisfied, the same result as in the case where the transmitter structure shown in FIG. 26 is used can be obtained. For example, in the transmitter structure as shown in FIG. 25 , a signal that is summed for tail removal of redundant subcarriers through a permutation matrix without using a zero padding matrix (eg : When the cancellation signal 2720) is disposed in a position where it exists in the frequency domain, the same UW-OFDM symbol as in the case of using the transmitter structure as shown in FIG. 26 can be generated. Specifically, the redundant subcarrier index (i _r ∈ I _r ) and the data subcarrier index (i _d ∈ I _d ) in the permutation matrix should be determined as shown in Equation 3 below.

In [Equation 3],

is the index set of the redundant subcarriers,

is the length of the UW-OFDM symbol,

is the length of UW,

is the index set of data subcarriers,

is the data subcarrier index,

denotes an index set of subcarriers.

The time domain OFDM symbol to which the permutation matrix defined as in [Equation 3] is applied can be expressed as [Equation 4] below.

In [Equation 4],

is an OFDM symbol in the time domain that does not include UW,

is the N-point IDFT matrix,

is a permutation matrix, a matrix of size N×N in which each element is 0 or 1,

is the identity matrix,

is the residual generating matrix,

is data values in the frequency domain included in the OFDM symbol,

is the payload data,

denotes a 0 matrix of size _{N u × 1.}

When the time domain OFDM symbol is expressed by dividing it into a part derived by a data subcarrier and a part derived by a redundant subcarrier, it is shown in Equation 5 below.

In [Equation 5],

is an OFDM symbol in the time domain that does not include UW,

is the N-point IDFT matrix,

is the permutation matrix,

is data values in the frequency domain included in the OFDM symbol,

denotes redundant subcarriers in the frequency domain.

In [Equation 5], the time domain signal of the portion derived by the redundant subcarrier is as shown in [Equation 6] below.

In [Equation 6],

is the part derived by the redundant subcarriers,

is the N-point IDFT matrix,

is the permutation matrix,

are redundant subcarriers in the frequency domain,

is the permutated redundant subcarriers,

is the length of the OFDM symbol,

is the ratio of OFDM symbol length to UW length,

is the number of redundant subcarriers.

[Equation 6] is based on the following relation as in [Equation 7].

In [Equation 7],

is the permutated redundant subcarriers,

are redundant subcarriers in the frequency domain,

is the ratio of OFDM symbol length to UW length,

is the length of the OFDM symbol,

is the length of UW,

is the number of redundant subcarriers.

As shown in [Equation 6], the time domain signal of the redundant carrier has a form that is repeated with a period _{of N r .} When the subtraction operation between the time domain signal of the data subcarrier and the time domain signal of the redundant subcarrier is performed, since the N _r part at the end of the OFDM symbol becomes 0, the part derived by the redundant subcarrier is a repetition of the tail part of the data subcarrier. is confirmed

Therefore, even if the transmitter structure as shown in FIG. 26 is adopted by the transmitting apparatus, it is possible to process the UW-OFDM symbol assuming the transmitter structure as shown in FIG. 25 in the receiving apparatus. That is, assuming that the UW-OFDM symbol is generated according to the transmitter structure as shown in FIG. 25, interrelation between values mapped to redundant subcarriers and values mapped to data subcarriers may be calculated. For example, values mapped to the redundant subcarrier and values mapped to the data subcarrier may have a linear mapping relationship. A code generation matrix G may be generated based on the calculated relevance, and using the code generation matrix, the receiver will use power used for transmission of values generated through tail repetition in the redundant subcarrier for data estimation. can In this case, the structure of the receiver is as shown in FIG. 31 below.

31 is a diagram illustrating another example of a receiver for processing UW-OFDM symbols applicable to the present disclosure. 31 illustrates a receiver using a signal of subcarriers to which dummy values are mapped. The components illustrated in FIG. 31 are functional blocks, and the components may be physically implemented as one or more circuits.

Referring to FIG. 31 , the receiver includes a DFT unit 3112 , a UW deletion unit 3114 , and a data estimator 3116 . The DFT unit 3112 converts the UW-OFDM symbol into a frequency domain signal by performing a DFT operation on the UW-OFDM symbol. According to another embodiment, the DFT operation may be replaced with the FFT operation. The UW deletion unit 3114 deletes the UW from the signal output from the DFT unit 3112 . To this end, the UW deletion unit 3114 subtracts the UW value in the frequency domain from the input signal. At this time, the UW value to be subtracted is channel information (eg, channel matrix

) and include the corrected values. The data estimator 3116 detects data from the UW-removed and padded signal. In this case, the data estimator 3116 provides correlation information between values transmitted through a first subcarrier set to which dummy values are mapped and values transmitted through a second subcarrier set to which data values are mapped (eg, a code generation matrix G) and Channel information (e.g. channel matrix)

) can be used. For example, the data estimator 3116 may recover data by compensating for channel distortion using the relevance information and the channel information, and performing demodulation and decoding.

Although not shown in FIG. 31 , the receiver may further include a channel estimator for estimating a channel between the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus. After estimating the channel, the channel estimator provides the estimated channel information to the UW deletion unit 3114 or 3212 and the data estimator 3116 or 3126 .

32 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of a procedure for processing UW-OFDM symbols in an apparatus applicable to the present disclosure. 32 illustrates an operation method of an apparatus for receiving a UW-OFDM symbol. The device as the operating subject of FIG. 30 may be a terminal receiving a downlink signal or a base station receiving an uplink signal.

Referring to FIG. 32 , in step S3201, the device removes the UW. UW can be removed in either the time domain or the frequency domain. The device receives a UW-OFDM symbol, transforms a UW signal in a time domain or a frequency domain based on channel information, and then subtracts the modified UW signal from the UW-OFDM symbol.

In step S3203, the device checks the relation information between the first subcarrier set and the second subcarrier set. In other words, in the device that has transmitted the UW-OFDM symbol, the device checks correlation information between the first subcarrier set mapped to the dummy signal and the second subcarrier set mapped to the data signal. The relevance information indicates how signal values transmitted on the first subcarrier set are related to signal values transmitted on the second subcarrier set. In other words, the relevance information indicates by which linear combination signal values transmitted through the first subcarrier set are determined from signal values transmitted through the second subcarrier set. For example, the relevance information may include a code generation matrix multiplied by data values for permutation and residual subcarrier generation corresponding to the tail removal operation performed by the device transmitting the UW-OFDM symbol.

In step S3205, the device detects data using the relevance information. The device may compensate for channel distortion of data values mapped to the second subcarrier set by using the channel information and the relevance information. In other words, the device may generate an equalizer using the channel information and the relevance information. The device may compensate for channel distortion by multiplying the received signal by the generated equalizer, and estimate data values transmitted from another device.

According to the embodiments of the processing of UW-OFDM symbols described with reference to FIGS. 31 and 32 , the receiver detects data using relevance information, for example, a code generation matrix G. FIG. The operations of estimating data using the code generation matrix G will be described using equations as follows.

The received signal passing through the wireless channel is as follows [Equation 8].

In [Equation 8],

silver received signal,

is a channel matrix, a cyclic convolution matrix of size N×N including a zero-padded vector of channel impulse response coefficients;

is the transmit signal,

is a Gaussian noise vector,

is the N-point IDFT matrix,

is the code generation matrix,

is the data part of the UW-OFDM symbol,

denotes the UW portion of the UW-OFDM symbol.

The received signal converted into the frequency domain is as follows [Equation 9].

In [Equation 9],

is the received signal in the frequency domain,

is the DFT matrix,

is the received signal in the time domain,

is the channel matrix,

is the IDFT matrix,

is the code generation matrix,

is data values in the frequency domain included in the OFDM symbol,

is the UW in the frequency domain,

is the causian noise vector,

is a channel matrix in the frequency domain, (N _d +N _r )×(N _d +N _r ) matrix,

is a noise vector in the frequency domain.

UW can be removed in time domain and frequency domain. When UW is removed from the frequency domain, the received signal is expressed as [Equation 10] below.

In [Equation 10],

is the received signal in the frequency domain with UW removed,

is the received signal in the frequency domain,

is the channel matrix in the frequency domain,

is the UW in the frequency domain, G is the code generation matrix,

is data values in the frequency domain included in the OFDM symbol,

is a noise vector in the frequency domain.

From the received signal in the frequency domain from which the UW is removed, data may be estimated using an equalizer as shown in Equation 11 below.

In [Equation 11],

is the estimated data,

is an equalizer, a matrix of size _{N d} ×(N _d +N _{r ),}

denotes a received signal in the frequency domain.

Equalizers for data estimation can be created in various ways. For example, as shown in Equation 12 below, the equalizer may be generated by a zero forcing (ZF) technique or a minimum mean square error (MMSE) technique.

In [Equation 12],

is an equalizer based on the ZF technique,

is the code generation matrix,

is the channel matrix in the frequency domain,

is an equalizer based on the MMSE technique,

is the OFDM symbol length,

is the noise power,

is the signal power,

is the identity matrix.

In the tail removal-based UW-OFDM scheme as described above, the code generation matrix is determined based on the _{DFT size N and the length N u of the UW section.} Therefore, when the configuration related to the determination of the DFT size N and the length N _u of the UW section is changed to perform communication, information for notifying the changed configuration must be shared between devices performing communication. When the base station and the terminal perform communication according to the UW-OFDM scheme, a procedure as shown in FIG. 33 may be performed to share information on configuration.

33 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for performing communication according to a UW-OFDM scheme between a base station and a terminal applicable to the present disclosure. 33, the base station 3310 and the terminal 3320 include a transmitter and a receiver for transmitting and receiving the above-described UW-OFDM symbol.

Referring to FIG. 33 , in step S3301 , the base station 3310 transmits UW configuration information to the terminal 3320 . According to an embodiment, the UW configuration information may include at least one of a DFT size and a UW section length. According to another embodiment, the UW configuration information may include information for deriving at least one of a DFT size and a UW section length. According to another embodiment, the UW configuration information may include information (eg, an index of a code generation matrix or a code generation matrix) derived from at least one of a DFT size and a length of a UW section. The UW configuration information may be transmitted as system information of the base station 3310 or may be transmitted through a message dedicated to the terminal 3320 . The UW setting information may be transmitted repeatedly at every transmission opportunity of the system information, or may be transmitted when the setting related to UW is changed. In this case, the UW configuration information may be commonly applied to different links (eg, uplink, downlink, sidelink, etc.) or may be applied to each link.

In step S3303, the terminal 3320 generates relation information between the first subcarrier set and the second subcarrier set based on the UW configuration information. For example, the relevance information may include a code generation matrix. According to an embodiment, the terminal 3320 may generate a code generation matrix based on the DFT size and the UW section length indicated by the UW configuration information.

In step S3305, the base station 3310 transmits a downlink signal to the terminal 3320. In step S3307, the terminal 3320 transmits an uplink signal to the base station 3310. Here, the downlink signal and the uplink signal include at least one UW-OFDM symbol generated according to UW configuration information.

In the procedure described with reference to FIG. 33 , the base station 3310 transmits UW configuration information to the terminal 3320 . According to another embodiment, prior to step S3301, the terminal 3320 may provide the base station 3310 with information on supportable UW settings. In this case, the base station 3310 may determine the UW configuration in consideration of the UW configuration supportable of the terminal 3320 and generate UW configuration information.

Since examples of the above-described proposed method may also be included as one of the implementation methods of the present disclosure, it is clear that they may be regarded as a kind of proposed method. In addition, the above-described proposed methods may be implemented independently, but may also be implemented in the form of a combination (or merge) of some of the proposed methods. Rules can be defined so that the base station informs the terminal of whether the proposed methods are applied or not (or information on the rules of the proposed methods) through a predefined signal (eg, a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal). have.

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential characteristics described in the present disclosure. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as restrictive in all respects but as exemplary. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, claims that are not explicitly cited in the claims may be combined to form an embodiment, or may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various wireless access systems. As an example of various radio access systems, there is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or a 3GPP2 system.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied not only to the various radio access systems, but also to all technical fields to which the various radio access systems are applied. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THzWave communication systems using very high frequency bands.

Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various applications such as free-running vehicles and drones.

Claims (15)

1. A method of operating a first device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:

   mapping dummy signals having a predefined value to a first subcarrier set;

   mapping data signals to a second subcarrier set different from the first subcarrier set;

   generating a time domain orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol by converting a frequency domain signal including the dummy signals and the data signals into a time domain signal;

   generating an OFDM symbol including zero UW by summing a cancellation signal generated using at least a portion of the OFDM symbol;

   generating a UW-OFDM symbol by adding the UW to the OFDM symbol including the zero UW; and

   and transmitting the UW-OFDM symbol to a second device.
2. The method according to claim 1,

   The first subcarrier set is determined based on the length of the OFDM symbol and the length of the UW.
3. The method according to claim 1,

   The length of the OFDM symbol is an integer multiple of the length of the UW.
4. The method according to claim 1,

   The dummy signal has a value of 0.
5. The method according to claim 1,

   The cancellation signal is generated by repeatedly concatenating a portion extracted from a position where the UW is disposed in the OFDM symbol in the time domain.
6. The method according to claim 1,

   The method further comprising transmitting configuration information related to the length of the OFDM symbol and the length of the UW.
7. The method according to claim 1,

   The method further comprising the step of receiving configuration information related to the length of the OFDM symbol and the length of the UW.
8. 8. The method of claim 7,

   The configuration information includes information related to at least one of a length of the OFDM symbol and a length of the UW.
9. A method of operating a first device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:

   Receiving a unique word (UW)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol from a second device;

   removing UWs from the UW-OFDM symbols;

   checking, by the second device, information on a relationship between a first subcarrier set mapped to a dummy signal and a second subcarrier set mapped to a data signal; and

   and detecting data from the OFDM symbol from which the UW has been removed based on the relevance.
10. 10. The method of claim 9,

    The information about the relevance includes information related to permutation corresponding to a tail cancellation operation performed by the second device and information related to generation of a redundant subcarrier.
11. 10. The method of claim 9,

    Detecting the data includes:

    determining an equalizer for the data signal based on the association; and

    estimating the data signal using the equalizer.
12. 10. The method of claim 9,

    The method further comprising transmitting configuration information related to the length of the OFDM symbol and the length of the UW.
13. 10. The method of claim 9,

    The method further comprising the step of receiving configuration information related to the length of the OFDM symbol and the length of the UW.
14. 14. The method of claim 13,

    The step of confirming the information about the relevance,

    and determining information about the relevance based on the configuration information.
15. 14. The method of claim 13,

    The configuration information includes information related to at least one of a length of the OFDM symbol and a length of the UW.

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