WO2021241678A1 - Système de communication - Google Patents

Système de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021241678A1
WO2021241678A1 PCT/JP2021/020176 JP2021020176W WO2021241678A1 WO 2021241678 A1 WO2021241678 A1 WO 2021241678A1 JP 2021020176 W JP2021020176 W JP 2021020176W WO 2021241678 A1 WO2021241678 A1 WO 2021241678A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
communication
base station
time
metamaterial
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PCT/JP2021/020176
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
聡 望月
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日本板硝子株式会社
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Publication of WO2021241678A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021241678A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a communication system.
  • the 5G communication system is a communication system that enables high-speed transmission and reception of a large amount of data between a plurality of devices, and has already been put into practical use.
  • the communication capacity required in a 5G communication system is much larger than that in 4G LTE or the like (for example, about 20 Gbps), and it is important to secure a communication bandwidth for securing the communication capacity.
  • the frequency of the radio wave used is very high, there is a problem that the physical communication distance is extremely short as compared with the conventional communication system. Such unavoidable problems are expected to become even more prominent in communication systems after 5G. Therefore, various methods for securing the communication distance have been proposed.
  • the present invention provides a wireless communication network that can instantly respond to the movement of terminals in wireless communication using AC regardless of low frequency or high frequency, and can optimize communication with a small transmission delay for each terminal.
  • the purpose is.
  • the communication system has optical characteristics or electromagnetic characteristics (hereinafter, optical or electromagnetic waves) with a base station that communicates between terminals and base stations, between terminals, and between base stations. Reflection, refraction, attenuation, absorption, diffraction, transmission characteristics, etc.) can be changed according to the electrical signal in a dynamic and real-time manner with a value that satisfies the ultra-low delay time required by the wireless network. It is characterized by including a control unit that controls the electric signal to change the optical characteristics or the electromagnetic characteristics of the metamaterial according to the information about the terminal, the base station, or the like.
  • a wireless communication network that can instantly respond to the movement of terminals and optimize communication with a small transmission delay for each terminal. Can be provided.
  • An example of a radio wave propagation situation in consideration of an obstacle between the terminals 6a, 6b, or 6c existing in the cell 5a of the base station 4a shown in FIG. 1 and the base station 4a is shown.
  • base station 4 when the base stations 4a to 4c are collectively referred to, they may be simply referred to as "base station 4". Further, when the terminals 6a to 6e are generically referred to, they may be simply referred to as "terminal 6".
  • This wireless communication system may be based on 4G LTE, Wi-Fi, LPWA (Low Power Wide Area), or the like.
  • the terminals 6a to 6e exist in the ranges (cells) 5a, 5b, and 5c that can be covered by the base stations 4a, 4b, and 4c, respectively.
  • the number of base stations 4 and terminals 6 shown in FIG. 1 is an example, and is not limited thereto.
  • the terminal 6a exists in the cell 5a of the base station 4a and communicates with the base station 4a as a partner.
  • the base stations 4b and the cells 5b and 5c of the 4c do not include the terminal 6a. Therefore, the radio wave from the base station 4b or 4c deviates from the communicable distance in relation to the terminal 6a, and communication cannot be performed between the base station 4b or 4c and the terminal 6a (the base station 4b is the cell 5b).
  • the base station 4c can communicate with the terminal 6d located in the cell 5c, and the base station 4c can communicate with the terminal 6e located in the cell 5c).
  • Information and control signals obtained from the terminals 6 within the communicable range of the cells 5a, 5b, and 5c are transmitted to the upper base station (UpperBaseStation) 2 through the wired or wireless line 3. It is sent to the backbone network (core network) 1, and various information such as status and control between base stations, information management, future prediction, security information, and delay correction are managed.
  • Each of the base stations controls communication between the base station and the terminal, and is also capable of executing communication between the base stations.
  • Each of the base stations is also configured to mediate communication between terminals.
  • FIG. 2 an example of the radio wave propagation situation between the terminals 6a, 6b, or 6c existing in the cell 5a of the base station 4a shown in FIG. 1 and the base station 4a is shown.
  • the radio wave radiated from the terminal 6a is incident on the building outer wall 10a'such as a glass window at an incident angle ⁇ 1, and is reflected (or refracted, diffracted, scattered, absorbed, transmitted) in the direction indicated by the reference numeral 12a, for example. ..
  • the radio wave radiated from the terminal 6a is incident on the outer wall 10a'of a building such as glass on the way to the base station 4a, and propagates while receiving the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering, absorption, and transmission. Propagation loss occurs. If the propagation loss is large, a situation occurs in which the electric power required for communication between the base station 4a and the terminal 6a cannot be generated in the space 11.
  • the terminal 6b can be considered in the same manner, and is incident on the building outer wall 10b'with respect to the building outer wall 10b' such as a glass window existing in the propagation path between the terminal 6b and the base station 4a, for example, at an incident angle ⁇ 2.
  • the radio wave is reflected (or refracted, diffracted, scattered, absorbed, transmitted) at a reflection angle as shown by reference numeral 12b, for example. That is, the radio wave radiated from the terminal 6b is incident on the outer wall 10b'of a building such as glass on the way to the base station 4a, and propagates while receiving the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering, absorption, and transmission. Propagation loss occurs. If the propagation loss is large, a situation occurs in which the electric power required for communication with the base station 4a cannot be generated in the space 11. As a result, the electric power required for communication between the base station 4a and the terminal 6b cannot be secured in the area 11.
  • the terminal 6c when a radio wave is incident on the building outer wall 10c'at an incident angle ⁇ 3, it is reflected (or refracted, diffracted, scattered, absorbed, transmitted) at a reflection angle such as reference numeral 12c. Subsequent reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering, absorption, and transmission reduce the propagation loss and hinder communication with the base station 4a.
  • next-generation communication system representing 5G.
  • the terminals 6a, 6b, 6c existing in the communication system network need to perform highly reliable communication (low delay, low PER, high throughput) with the base station 4a.
  • the communication capacity required in the next-generation communication network is incomparably large compared to those up to 4G LTE, and is expected to be, for example, about 20 Gbps.
  • the communication bandwidth is important for securing the communication capacity.
  • the communication system of FIG. 3 includes frequency selection plates (hereinafter referred to as metasurfaces) 10a to 10c to which the metamaterial technology is applied between the terminals 6a to 6c and the base stations 4a to 4c.
  • the meta-surfaces 10a to 10c are not limited to a specific position, and the number is not limited to the one shown in the figure.
  • the meta-surfaces 10a to 10c are configured to intentionally reflect and refract radio waves with respect to the incident angle, and to adjust the reflection angle or the refraction angle.
  • the radio wave radiated from the terminal 6a is incident on the metasurface 10a at, for example, an incident angle ⁇ 1a, is refracted at a refraction angle ⁇ 1b, and supplies necessary power to a region 11 between the base station 4a and the terminal 6a.
  • the reflection angle or the refraction angle of the incident radio wave can be set although it is fixed. It also has frequency selectivity for incident radio waves.
  • the radio wave incident on the metasurfaces 10b and 10c at the incident angles ⁇ 2a and ⁇ 3a is transmitted or reflected on the metasurfaces 10b and 10c with the refraction angles ⁇ 2b and ⁇ 3b for the same reason as described above. do.
  • the angle of reflection and the angle of refraction can be changed while having a large amount of time delay, although it is mechanical.
  • the reflection angle or the refraction angle should be given to each of the meta-surfaces 10a to 10c is designed with a practically fixed angle.
  • the physical angle of the reflection surface of the meta-surfaces 10a, 10b, 10c or the refraction surface itself must be changed.
  • the reflection / refraction characteristics or frequency characteristics of the metasurfaces 10a to 10c are greatly delayed in time. It has a quantity and can be changed. That is, by mechanically changing the physical configuration of the meta-surfaces 10a to 10c, it is possible to change the optical characteristics or the electromagnetic characteristics related to the transmission of the meta-surfaces 10a to 10c.
  • the reflection or transmission characteristics of the metasurfaces 10a to 10c are changed by changing the mechanical configuration of the metasurfaces 10a to 10c in this way, it is ideal that the coverage of the communication system is required by the wireless network. It is not possible to increase the amount of time delay between communications while satisfying it.
  • communication is performed by improving the radio wave propagation phenomenon by adding or relocating repeater positions, or by increasing the signal reproduction rate by processing the obtained data. It has improved coverage and communication quality by sending radio waves farther in the system network.
  • the terminal 6a which is the communication partner of the base station 4a, always moves, the influence of the characteristics such as the reflection / refraction angle with respect to the angle of incidence on the shield on the communication quality (signal strength). Loss, time delay related to communication, etc.) are very large. Therefore, it is difficult to realize the ultra-low delay characteristics required in the system, such as within 1 msec, which is one of the features of the 5G communication system.
  • the terminal 6a constantly moves, the physical angle of the reflecting surface or the refracting surface of the metasurfaces 10a to 10c is always followed and mechanically moved, so that the End to End required by the 5G communication system network is required.
  • the metasurfaces 10a, 10b, and 10c do not currently have a power amplification function, it is necessary to intentionally determine the location of the metasurface, FSS (Frequency Selective Surface), etc. provided in the cell. It is very difficult to optimize the reflection angle and refraction angle for the required incident angle in the field.
  • FSS Frequency Selective Surface
  • all terminals emit radio waves with optimized levels after reflection or refraction to a specific location by a mechanical mechanism. It is almost impossible to do it in real time.
  • the shortest / optimization of the propagation path are improved, and the communication delay time as a system network is shortened. Or it can be improved.
  • the optimum communication state for the moving position is instantly set, whereby the propagation path becomes the shortest / optimal at the moving position instantly. You can adjust the metasurface.
  • the conventional method of mechanical adjustment requires a response speed of several thousand msec, but the electric method makes it on the order of several nsec, or psec, and the delay time required between the base station and the terminal.
  • the optical or electromagnetic characteristics of the real-time metamaterial change dynamically and in real time according to the electric signal at a value satisfying the ultra-low delay time required by the wireless network. can.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 are schematic views illustrating the features of the communication system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is one of the examples showing the overall configuration of the system
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram focusing on one base station 4a and terminals 6a to 6c among the communication systems.
  • the system of the first embodiment includes a core network 1, an upper base station 2, and base stations 4a to 4c, as in the conventional system of FIG. 1, and the base stations 4a to 4c are provided. And the terminals 6a to 6e communicate with each other.
  • FIG. 5 typically shows the base station 4a among the base stations 4a to 4c.
  • the number of terminals, the number of base stations, and the control and terminal information management functions may be possessed by any device of the wireless network.
  • This system includes a real-time metamaterial (also referred to as a real-time metasurface, hereinafter referred to as a real-time metamaterial) 20 at an arbitrary position in the space between the base station 4 and the terminal 6.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20 is an aspect of a metamaterial, and its optical characteristics or electromagnetic characteristics are configured to be changeable based on an electric signal.
  • the electric signal changes according to the control signal from the control unit 30, and is a general term for devices having a function of instantaneously changing the optical characteristics or the electromagnetic characteristics of the real-time metamaterial 20.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20 does not mechanically change the angles and the like of the components to bring about transmission, reflection, refraction, and absorption characteristics as in the conventional metasurface, but the material / chemical of the components.
  • the characteristics for example, dielectric constant and magnetic permeability
  • the real-time metamaterial 20 can include an artificial structure or a liquid crystal structure in which the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability can be electrically controlled, for example, in the unit cell and arranged in an orderly / disorderly manner. ..
  • the real-time metamaterial 20 is not limited to a specific structure or principle as long as it has a function of instantaneously changing its optical characteristics or electromagnetic characteristics by changing an electric signal.
  • the characteristic to be changed is, for example, the dielectric constant, but is not limited to this, and can be changed instantaneously according to an electric signal, which affects the reflection characteristic, the refraction characteristic, or the absorption and transmission characteristics. Anything that can be done is sufficient.
  • the control unit 30 generates and manages a control signal according to the terminal information from the terminal information acquisition unit 40.
  • the terminal information acquisition unit 40 performs data communication with the base station 4 or the terminal 6, and the strength of the radio wave received by the terminal 6 from the base station 4 and the radio wave received by the base station 4 from the terminal 6 The strength, the packet error rate, the position information of the terminal 6 and the like are acquired as terminal information.
  • the control unit 30 may have a structure different from that of the terminal 6 and the real-time metamaterial 20, or may be configured to be included in the terminal 6 or a part of the real-time metamaterial 20.
  • the terminal information acquisition unit 40 may have a structure different from that of the terminal 6 and the real-time metamaterial 20, or may be configured as a part of the terminal 6 or the real-time metamaterial 20.
  • the control unit 30 and the terminal information acquisition unit 40 may be provided in any device depending on the configuration of the wireless network.
  • the terminals 6a to 6e can transmit their own information (position information and the like) to the terminal information acquisition unit 40 by a time division multiplexing method (Time Division Duplex (TDD)). That is, before the actual data is transmitted from the terminals 6a to 6e, its own information can be transmitted before and after the transmission time slot.
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • the terminals 6a to 6c can change the frequency characteristics, reflection / refraction characteristics, and the like of the real-time metamaterial before transmitting the actual data from themselves.
  • reflection, transmission, refraction, diffraction, absorption, scattering, etc. generated in the space until the radio wave radiated from a certain transmission point reaches the reception point located at a place different from the transmission point. It is possible to significantly reduce the adverse effects on the electric field strength at the receiving point, the phase, and the delay caused by the propagation characteristics of. This is because the action of the real-time metamaterial 20 described above can reduce the number of propagating reflected waves that cause interference at the receiving point. In addition, since radio waves can be transmitted to the optimum location while maintaining power, the number of multipath fading passes can be reduced.
  • the frequency characteristics and the reflection / refraction characteristics of the real-time metamaterial 20 are determined by the electric signal (trigger) for the real-time metamaterial 20 within the delay time required by the wireless system network. Can be completed.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20 placed in the propagation path is equivalently ⁇ - ⁇ characteristic and is located in the third quadrant by an external electrical signal (high frequency signal, low frequency signal). The characteristics can be changed to the third quadrant ⁇ - ⁇ or another quadrant depending on the trigger frequency and the trigger level.
  • the change in frequency characteristics or reflection / refraction characteristics which was conventionally mechanical, can be changed to an electric type to dramatically improve the time response, and at the same time, the wireless communication coverage can be widened and the wireless network can be used. It is possible to realize the ideal ultra-low latency communication that should be realized in.
  • the base station 4a includes terminals 6a, 6b, 6c existing in the cell.
  • Real-time metamaterials 20a to 20c exist between the terminals 6a to 6c, respectively.
  • the dielectric constants of the real-time metamaterials 20a to 20c are controlled according to the control signal from the control unit 30, the communication angle is optimized according to the positions of the terminals 6a to 6c, and the frequency characteristics and the reflection / refraction characteristics are instantly adjusted. Given.
  • the real-time metamaterials 20a to 20c can be installed, for example, on the window glass of a building, but in addition to this, the window or body of a car, a mobile terminal, a wearable device, a sign, a traffic light, a post, an electric pole, a road (ground). It can be used for some of the outer walls of buildings, aerial objects including UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) and submarines that move underwater or on the surface of the sea, or the hulls of ships. As long as the same function can be obtained, the installation location, structure, etc. of the real-time metamaterial 20 do not matter.
  • UAVs Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
  • AUVs Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
  • the terminals 6a to 6c are located at positions, and the radio waves radiated from these are incident on each of the real-time metamaterials 20a to 20c at incident angles ⁇ 1a, ⁇ 2a, and ⁇ 3a.
  • the radio wave radiated from the terminal 6a is incident on the real-time metamaterial 20a provided in the middle of the propagation path with the base station 4a with an incident angle ⁇ 1a, and the reflection angle and refraction based on the electric signal in the real-time metamaterial 20a. It is radiated to the base station 4a at an angle, for example, at a refraction angle ⁇ 1b.
  • the radio wave radiated from the terminal 6b is incident on the real-time metamaterial 20b with an incident angle ⁇ 2a, and is refracted to the base station 4a by the reflection angle and the refraction angle based on the electric signal, for example. It is radiated at the angle ⁇ 2b.
  • the radio wave radiated from the terminal 6c is incident on the real-time metamaterial 20c at an incident angle ⁇ 3a, and is radiated to the base station 4a at a reflection angle and a refraction angle based on an electric signal, for example, at a refraction angle ⁇ 3b.
  • the control unit 30 controls an electric signal (trigger) so that the electric field strength of the radio wave received by the real-time metamaterial 20a from the base station 4a and the electric field strength of the radio wave received by the base station 4a from the real-time metamaterial 20a are maximized. Then, the refraction angle of the real-time metamaterial 20 is adjusted and optimized. Since the terminal 6a is a mobile body, the position of the terminal 6a can change from the position of the reference numeral 6a to the position of the reference numeral 6a1 (the positional relationship between the terminal 6a and the real-time metamaterial 20a changes).
  • the angle of incidence of the radio wave from the terminal 6a on the real-time metamaterial 20a changes to ⁇ 1a1.
  • the terminal information acquisition unit 40 grasps the state or position of the terminal 6a based on the radio waves and data received from the terminal 6a, and transfers this information to the control unit 30. According to this information, the control unit 30 controls the electric signal so that the refraction angle ⁇ 1b is maintained, and changes the dielectric constant of the real-time metamaterial 20a. Even if the terminal 6a moves, the positional relationship between the real-time metamaterial 20a and the base station 4a does not change.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20a can obtain the refraction angle ⁇ 1b even when the terminal 6a moves to the position of the reference numeral 6a1.
  • the optimum propagation path can be secured between the terminal 6a, the real-time metamaterial 20a, and the base station 4a.
  • the base station 4a or the real-time metamaterial 20a may have a beam tracking or beamforming function.
  • an obstacle moving object such as an automobile, building, tree, etc.
  • the transmission path between the real-time metamaterial 20a and the base station 4a is fixed. It is not preferable to do so. Therefore, it is preferable that the base station 4a or the real-time metamaterial 20a has a beam tracking or beamforming function, and the transmission path (and thus the refraction angle) is appropriately changed.
  • the control of beamforming in the real-time metamaterial 20a can be executed by changing the electric signal according to the control signal from the control unit 30.
  • the base station 4a and the real-time metamaterial 20a have the functions of beam tracking and beamforming, it is possible to secure the optimum propagation path even under the condition that an obstacle invades the propagation path. This function can be imparted to other base stations and real-time metamaterials as well.
  • the optimum propagation path is instantly secured at the moved position, and the ultra-low delay requirement is satisfied. It is possible to execute communication in real time, and as a result, the communication coverage of the terminal existing in the cell managed by the base station 4a is expanded, and the cell has many optimized propagation paths. , Communication quality is improved.
  • a real-time metamaterial 20 that can electrically change the frequency characteristics and reflection / refraction characteristics, a certain terminal 6 is required to have an optimum propagation path according to the location at a certain point in time within the transmission delay. At the same time, it becomes possible to satisfy the end-to-end communication delay time required by the communication system network.
  • the simultaneous multiple connection characteristics can be further improved as compared with the conventional technique. This is because the phenomenon of communication delay and the improvement of signal quality lead to the increase of the number of units that can be connected at the same time.
  • the system of the first embodiment it is possible to improve and improve the uplink / downlink throughput as compared with the conventional technology.
  • technology for improving uplink throughput in 5G has become an issue for realizing a next-generation communication network.
  • the communicable distance decreases in exchange for this, the communication quality deteriorates and the number of simultaneous multiple connections also decreases. Therefore, how to prevent the deterioration of the unit bandwidth and the throughput value per unit distance is an indispensable technology for system stabilization. Taking measures to increase the electric field strength from the source at the receiving point will increase the SN ratio and lead to an improvement in the packet error rate. Therefore, for the above reasons, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the uplink / downlink throughput of the entire communication network.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20 acts as a repeater that can radiate radio waves to the transmission partner or base station at the optimum angle and output, it leads to simplification of the design of the source device and provides coverage to the master station. You don't have to think hard. Therefore, some functions of the transmitting device can be omitted, which leads to cost reduction. Further, since the beam tracking function is on the real-time metamaterial side, the function can be simplified by eliminating the need for excessive control on the transmitting side. For the above reason, the device on the terminal side can be made smaller and lighter than the conventional one.
  • the communication coverage can be expanded or improved as compared with the prior art.
  • 5G realizes ultra-high-speed communication by using a millimeter-wave band that is not used in existing wireless systems.
  • the communication distance is drastically reduced and the influence of obstacles is remarkably affected. Therefore, there arises a problem that the communication coverage is lowered and the communication system network becomes unstable. How to secure the communication distance, that is, the coverage, is a very important factor for stabilizing the wireless communication system network and reducing the number of base stations.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20 existing in the transmission path promotes retransmission to the optimum propagation path for the destination.
  • the electric field strength decreases when the radio wave is reflected or transmitted, and the coverage deteriorates.
  • the optimum angle and the optimum time are instantly according to the electric signal. Since reflection or refraction is performed, coverage can be expanded / improved.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20 is controlled according to an electric signal, but it goes without saying that some metamaterials may be fixedly or mechanically controlled. No.
  • the control of the real-time metamaterial 20 in the first embodiment is optimally controlled so as not to cause a decrease in throughput such as a data rate in communication, and information exchange for that purpose is optimal. It is preferable to be made. In this system, it is assumed that wireless communication is performed end-to-end. Further, regarding the technology related to the initial access at the time of initial authentication performed between the base station and the terminal or between the terminal and the terminal, access using NR (New Radio) is possible, but the technology is not limited to this. ..
  • this system can be applied not only to 5G communication systems but also to Cellular wireless protocols such as 6G, which is the next communication system, depending on the design of the frequency characteristics (including amplitude and phase) of the real-time metamaterial 20. Furthermore, it can also be applied to heterogeneous networks (mixed with 5G, 6G, etc.) that can be applied to all conventional wireless communications.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 the same configurations as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted below.
  • the system of the second embodiment is described as a system that communicates by a radio protocol having a time division multiplex system (TDD) system as a basic theory.
  • TDD time division multiplex system
  • the terminal side and the base station side are assigned a time slot for transmission. Therefore, it is required for the communication network to customize the adjustments for realizing the optimum communication conditions under the propagation conditions peculiar to the transmission location for the real-time metasurface installed in the middle of the propagation path. It can be completed in less than the delay time specification (for example, the delay time specification required by the 5G system network is 1 msec or less).
  • a practical example is shown below. In FIG. 7, two bases 4a and 5a and three terminals 6a to 6c are illustrated, but it goes without saying that this number is an example.
  • the terminal 6a controls the real-time metamaterial 20B via the control unit 30B so as to realize the communication optimum conditions under the propagation conditions peculiar to its transmission location (existence position). do.
  • the delay time specification required for the communication network for example, the delay time specification required by the 5G system network is 1 msec or less. Communication can be completed with.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20B of the second embodiment can also be configured so as to be able to switch between the transmission mode and the reflection mode according to the control signal from the control unit 30B. Therefore, in the system of the second embodiment, the terminals 6a to 6c are not only the base stations 4a to 4c located on the opposite side of the real-time metamaterial 20B, but also the base stations 5a to 5a located on the same side. Communication can be performed with 5c at the shortest distance or under the optimum communication conditions. However, in the system of FIG. 6, the real-time metamaterial may be configured so that only one of the transmission mode and the reflection mode can be set. In the following, a case where a wireless protocol method based on TDD is adopted and a real-time metamaterial 20 that can be switched between a transmission mode and a reflection mode is used will be described as an example.
  • terminals 6a to 6c are moving or stationary at high speed or low speed in or near the cell of the base station 4a.
  • terminals 6a to 6c transmit and receive using a TDD-based wireless protocol.
  • another terminal for example, terminals 6b, 6c is not communicating with the base station 4a, or is communicating at the same time. Even so, they are communicating on different frequency channels.
  • the base station 5a is also communicating with many other terminals, and at the same time as the timing when the communication between the base station 4a and the terminal 6a is performed, the base station 5a and the other terminals are communicating with each other. It may be communicating.
  • LBT Listen Before Talk
  • carrier sense function carrier sense function
  • the received electric field strength of the radio wave between the base station 4 and the terminal 6 (for example, RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator) is maximized, or the packet error rate (packet error rate).
  • the refraction angle of the real-time metamaterial 20B that takes into consideration the line design between the base station 4 and the terminal 6 based on the so-called optimum CSI (Channel State Index) information that minimizes PER: Packet Error Rate).
  • the reflection angle can be set in self-communication.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20B can be controlled by using information obtained by, for example, PUCCH, PDCCH (assignment request, other control signal information, physical channel handling CSI information), PBCH, PCID, and the like.
  • PUCCH Physical channel handling CSI information
  • PDCCH signaling/controlling control signal
  • PBCH Physical channel handling CSI information
  • PCID Physical channel handling CSI information
  • a control signal associated with so-called C / U separation Communication / User or communication data / user information
  • the user information may be stored in either the base station 4 or the terminal 6.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the frame structure of NR (New Radio) as an example.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a procedure for controlling the communication angle.
  • the terminals 6a to 6c and the base stations 4a and 5a exemplified in FIG. 7 transmit and receive control signals for pairing between the terminal and the base station.
  • the transmission / reception of the control signal is executed within the time of the time slot assigned to each terminal.
  • Base stations 4a and 5a constantly capture and track terminals 6 at short time intervals within their time slots.
  • the terminals 6a to 6c can also capture the base stations 4a or 5a between their own time slots and perform pairing (step S1 in FIG. 9).
  • a wireless frame, a subframe, and a time slot are configured.
  • the subframe interval is set to 120 KHz and the time slot consists of 14 symbols.
  • the wireless frame exchanged between the terminals 6a to 6c can be divided into an uplink and a downlink, but there is no difference in the frame structure between the uplink and the downlink.
  • Control signals such as preamble (synchronous signal), CCA (ClearChannelAssessment), and random backoff are mounted in the first slot required for wireless communication, but FSS control signals can also be mounted therein.
  • the terminal 6a transmits a control signal to the base station 4a only during its own time slot (actually, only the time width t1 having a margin considering the switching time of the FSS). Therefore, radio waves are radiated toward the real-time metamaterial 30a at, for example, an incident angle ⁇ a.
  • the radio wave including the control signal and incident at the incident angle ⁇ a is refracted at the refraction angle ⁇ b, which is the optimum angle utilizing the backward wave appearance phenomenon of the real-time metamaterial 30a, and reaches the base station 4a (see FIG. 8). .
  • the base station 4a receives the radio wave from the terminal 6a, the base station 4a returns an ack signal and completes the pairing.
  • the terminal 6 or the base stations 4a and 5a superimpose the information related to the mutual communication quality on the basic signal and transmit the information.
  • the terminal 6 or the base stations 4a and 5a superimpose the information related to the mutual communication quality on the basic signal and transmit the information.
  • GNSS information, tracking data, and real-time metamaterial control data can be managed or set.
  • the refraction angle ⁇ b which is the optimum angle, can be specified, for example, in the transfer of control signals related to the initial access performed at the time of the above-mentioned initial authentication.
  • the control unit 30B can control the electric signal according to the information about the terminal and control the real-time metamaterial 20B so that such a refraction angle ⁇ b can be obtained.
  • Data communication is performed immediately after communication for performing this optimum angle control, or at the timing of the next communication.
  • the system has a function of grasping the position of the target terminal by a beacon (not shown), a base station 4a, or another terminal, and tracking the relative coordinates of the target terminal so that the optimum angle ⁇ b is always obtained. May have.
  • the base station 4a or the terminal 6a estimates and calculates the operating direction (moving direction) of the terminal 6a, and according to the result, specifies the quality of communication between the base station 4a and the terminal 6a, and the other base station 5a and the terminal. Compare with the quality of communication with 6a (step S2 in FIG. 9).
  • connection authentication between the base station 4a and the terminal 6a may not be obtained.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20B can switch to the reflection mode according to the control signal from the control unit 30B in order to establish communication between the base station 5a and the terminal 6a (step S3 in FIG. 9).
  • the real-time metamaterial 20B Is a reflection mode in which radio waves having an incident angle ⁇ a are reflected at a reflection angle ⁇ g at the timing of communication with the terminal 6a, and radio waves from the terminal 6a are reflected to the base station 5a at an optimum angle ⁇ g.
  • the terminal 6b which will transmit the control signal to the base station 4a next to the terminal 6a, is set to the terminal 6a with respect to the real-time metamaterial 20B at a timing t2 different from the timing (t1) at which the terminal 6a transmits the signal.
  • the control signal is transmitted to the base station 4a in the same frame configuration as above.
  • the incident angle of the radio wave from the terminal 6b to the real-time metamaterial 20a is ⁇ c.
  • the real-time metamaterial 30a is given a refraction angle ⁇ d, and due to this refraction angle ⁇ d, the radio wave from the terminal 6b is refracted by the real-time metamaterial 20B and heads toward the base station 4a.
  • the acck signal and transmission signal from the base station 4a to the terminal 6b are basically the same as the communication principle from the terminal 6b to the base station 4a, and the maximum electric field strength is set for the terminal 6b that is constantly being tracked. , Real-time metamaterial 30a is controlled and communication is established. Switching to reflection mode can be performed as well.
  • the real-time metamaterial 20B can give a normal refraction angle to the incident angle ⁇ e without using a backward wave. That is, the real-time metamaterial 20B executes control corresponding to, for example, the first quadrant in the ⁇ - ⁇ characteristic diagram for the terminal 6c located at the position as shown in FIG. 7, and controls the radio wave having an incident angle ⁇ e. The radio wave is refracted at the refraction angle ⁇ f, and the radio wave reaches the base station 4a.
  • the algorithm for transmission / reception control in the direction from the base station 4a to the terminal 6c is the same as that of the terminals 6a and 6b, and switching to the reflection mode can be executed in the same manner.
  • the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.
  • the real-time metamaterial is instantly controlled to the optimum optical or electromagnetic characteristics for all terminal states under communication using a wireless protocol with a time slot, such as the TDD method. Communication quality, communication distance can be improved, delay time can be minimized at the same time, and the number of terminal connections per base station can be increased.
  • the embodiment of the present invention has been described above.
  • the physical and electrical system configurations that can be recalled from the functions and explanations of the present embodiment are not limited to those generally used in wireless protocols such as 5G, 6G, Wi-Fi, and LPWA.
  • the present invention can be applied to all radio protocols (modulated signals, unmodulated signals, and types of modulated signals), radio communication frequencies including AM waves, millimeter waves, and optical communications, and signal frequency bands.
  • the present invention can be applied not only to the ultra-high frequency band but also to all wireless communications using the AC principle, and is completely independent of a specific application or a specific frequency.
  • the real-time metamaterials used in the present invention are not limited to specific metamaterial techniques. In other words, it is possible to substitute electromagnetic and electrostatically reflected, refracted, diffracted, transmitted, absorbed, and scattered radio signals to improve communication quality, such as reflectors and FSS other than metamaterials. It goes without saying that it is within the range that can be easily recalled, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications.
  • the above-described embodiment has been described in detail in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and is not necessarily limited to the one including all the described configurations.
  • it is possible to replace a part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de communication qui, lors d'une communication utilisant des ondes radio à haute fréquence, répond instantanément au déplacement du terminal et permet une communication à des distances de communication courtes et avec peu de retard de transmission. Un système de communication selon la présente invention comprend : une station de base qui réalise une communication entre un terminal et une station de base, entre des terminaux, et entre des stations de base ; et un métamatériau conçu de telle sorte que des propriétés optiques ou des propriétés électromagnétiques peuvent changer de manière dynamique et en temps réel en valeurs qui satisfont un temps de retard ultra-faible demandé par un réseau sans fil conformément à un signal électrique. Une unité de commande comprend une unité de commande qui commande le signal électrique et modifie les propriétés optiques ou les propriétés électromagnétiques du métamatériau conformément à des informations se rapportant à un terminal ou à une station de base.
PCT/JP2021/020176 2020-05-29 2021-05-27 Système de communication WO2021241678A1 (fr)

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JP2020094577A JP2023106638A (ja) 2020-05-29 2020-05-29 通信システム

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005260965A (ja) * 2004-03-10 2005-09-22 Lucent Technol Inc 制御可能な屈折特性を備えた媒質
JP2009153095A (ja) * 2007-11-30 2009-07-09 Ntt Docomo Inc 無線通信システム
JP2011211515A (ja) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-20 Ntt Docomo Inc 反射板装置、無線基地局及び無線通信方法
JP2021057723A (ja) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-08 Kddi株式会社 反射方向の決定方法、中継局、および基地局
WO2021095181A1 (fr) * 2019-11-13 2021-05-20 株式会社Ｎｔｔドコモ Terminal et procédé de communication sans fil

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005260965A (ja) * 2004-03-10 2005-09-22 Lucent Technol Inc 制御可能な屈折特性を備えた媒質
JP2009153095A (ja) * 2007-11-30 2009-07-09 Ntt Docomo Inc 無線通信システム
JP2011211515A (ja) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-20 Ntt Docomo Inc 反射板装置、無線基地局及び無線通信方法
JP2021057723A (ja) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-08 Kddi株式会社 反射方向の決定方法、中継局、および基地局
WO2021095181A1 (fr) * 2019-11-13 2021-05-20 株式会社Ｎｔｔドコモ Terminal et procédé de communication sans fil

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