WO2021239149A1 - 一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021239149A1
WO2021239149A1 PCT/CN2021/097515 CN2021097515W WO2021239149A1 WO 2021239149 A1 WO2021239149 A1 WO 2021239149A1 CN 2021097515 W CN2021097515 W CN 2021097515W WO 2021239149 A1 WO2021239149 A1 WO 2021239149A1
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reservoir
coalbed methane
coal
resonance
sample
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PCT/CN2021/097515
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵文韬
荆铁亚
王金意
张健
张国祥
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中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2021239149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021239149A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B28/00—Vibration generating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for stimulating production
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of coalbed methane reservoir reformation, in particular to a system and method for reforming a coalbed methane reservoir by using resonance shock waves.
  • Coalbed methane refers to the hydrocarbon gas that occurs in coal measures with methane (CH 4 ) as the main component, mainly adsorbed on the surface of coal matrix particles, partly free in coal pores or dissolved in coal seam water, and is an associated mineral of coal. Resources belong to the category of unconventional natural gas; but on the other hand, coalbed methane is also called coal mine gas. If it is not effectively drained and drained before coal mining, it may bring unsafe factors to coal mining and seriously restrict the safety of coal mines. Production. Therefore, whether from the perspective of coalbed methane mining or coal mine gas control, it is necessary to extract coalbed methane from the ground in the early stage of coal mine development.
  • CBM reservoir permeability enhancement methods mainly include hydraulic fracturing and shock wave modification. Although these two methods have obvious advantages, they also have certain technical disadvantages. Although hydraulic fracturing can achieve a wider range of reservoir reconstruction, due to the obvious anisotropy of coal-measure reservoirs, only one-way fractures along the coal bed formation are often formed, and the reconstruction scale is limited; at the same time, the degree of hydraulic fracturing reconstruction is often partial. High, it will cause serious damage to the coalbed methane reservoir and bring potential rock pressure risk to coal mining. As far as the shock wave transformation method is concerned, although it will not cause serious damage to the coal reservoir, its transformation ability is relatively weak. It is necessary to combine other methods to increase the scope of reservoir transformation. Therefore, there is a need for a reservoir reconstruction method that can effectively increase the permeability of coal-bed methane reservoirs without causing significant damage to the coal-measure formation.
  • the natural frequency resonance method is one of the reservoir reconstruction methods that have gradually emerged in China in recent years, but it is mainly used in the shale gas field and has not been widely promoted in the coalbed methane field. If the natural frequency resonance method and the shock wave enhancement method are combined, a new technology can be formed that can not only increase the permeability of the coalbed methane reservoir, but also protect the coal seam.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for reforming coalbed methane reservoirs by using resonance shock waves, which solves the defects of high risk and low efficiency in the existing reforming methods for gas reservoirs.
  • the present invention provides a system for transforming a coalbed methane reservoir by using resonance shock waves, which includes a ground control system, an energy controller, and a reservoir reforming room, wherein the inner cavity of the reservoir reforming room is provided with the core part of the system, so The core part of the system is connected with the ground control system through an energy controller, and is used to generate shock waves with the same frequency as the coalbed methane reservoir.
  • the core part of the system includes an explosion cavity in which an explosion wire is arranged, and the explosion wire is connected to an energy controller.
  • the core part of the system further includes a top support and a bottom support, and the explosion cavity is placed between the top support and the bottom support.
  • shock wave enhancement devices for amplifying resonant shock waves are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the explosion cavity.
  • a stress sensing device is also provided in the inner cavity of the reservoir reconstruction room; the stress sensing device is connected to an oscilloscope placed outside the reservoir reconstruction room through a data line.
  • a protective cushion layer is sleeved on the reservoir reforming room.
  • a cylindrical sample of coal is placed in the reservoir reforming room, and the core part of the system is placed in the cavity of the cylindrical sample of coal; A circular hole is opened, and a columnar sample is assembled in the circular hole.
  • a method for transforming a coalbed methane reservoir by using a resonance shock wave includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Collect the porosity and permeability of the coal and rock cylindrical samples before the transformation
  • Step 2 Set the frequency, intensity and time of the electrical signal output by the energy controller; make the frequency of the shock wave generated by the core part of the system consistent with the frequency of the coalbed methane reservoir;
  • Step 3 After starting the experiment for a certain period of time, record the experimental parameters, collect the porosity and permeability of the coal and rock cylindrical samples and column samples after transformation, and proceed to the next step of analysis.
  • the present invention provides a system and method for transforming coalbed methane reservoirs by using resonance shock waves.
  • the core part of the control system of an energy controller is used to generate shock waves consistent with the frequency of the coalbed methane reservoir, forming a joint resonance frequency means and shock wave means.
  • the system of reforming coal rock reservoirs can not only increase the permeability of coalbed methane reservoirs, but also protect the coal seams. It can comprehensively increase the gas production and rate of coalbed methane, reduce coal-measure gas, and help alleviate global energy pressure. It is of positive significance to solve the coal mine gas safety problem;
  • the invention can further analyze the control factors and influence laws of the resonant shock wave transforming coalbed methane; it can also comprehensively increase the gas production and gas production rate of coalbed methane, reduce coal-measure gas, and have a positive effect on alleviating global energy pressure and solving coal mine gas safety problems. significance.
  • the invention utilizes a relatively simple system, can improve the mining efficiency of coalbed methane, and has good promotion significance in the field of coalbed methane development.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a cross-sectional view of the system A-A' of the present invention.
  • the present invention is mainly based on collecting and preparing cylinder samples and columnar samples of coalbed methane reservoirs (coal rock) to test coal rock
  • For the natural frequency of the cylindrical sample use CT scanning technology to observe the crack distribution and connectivity of the coal before the transformation, and use the non-destructive testing technology to obtain the porosity ⁇ 0 and the permeability k 0 of the coal before the transformation.
  • the present invention provides a system for transforming a coalbed methane reservoir by using resonance shock waves, including a ground control system 1, a high-strength control wire 2 and a protective cushion 4, wherein the protective cushion 4 is a shell Structure, the inside of the shell structure is the reservoir reforming room 3.
  • the transformation room 3 is provided with a function/energy storage device 5, an energy controller 6 and the core part of the system.
  • the ground control system 1 extends into the reservoir transformation room 3 through a high-strength control wire 2 and is connected to the energy supply /Energy storage device 5 is connected to provide power to the energy supply/energy storage device 5.
  • the energy supply/storage equipment 5 is connected to the core part of the system through an energy controller 6; the energy controller 6 is used to output an electrical signal with a set frequency and intensity to the core part of the system, so that the core part of the system generates a coal-bed methane Shock waves with consistent reservoir frequency.
  • the core part of the system includes a top support 7 and a bottom support 8, wherein a glass explosion cavity 9 is provided between the top support 7 and the bottom support 8.
  • An explosive wire 10 is arranged in the explosive cavity 9; the explosive wire 10 is connected with the energy controller 6.
  • Shock wave enhancement devices 11 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the explosion cavity 9 to amplify the resonance shock waves.
  • the outer edge of the core part of the system is sheathed with a coal rock tube sample 12, and a columnar sample 13 is installed on the coal rock tube sample 12 for modification and test analysis of the coalbed methane reservoir.
  • the inner cavity of the reservoir reforming room 3 is also provided with a stress sensing device 14 to collect stress data during the reservoir reforming process; the stress sensing device 14 communicates with the oscilloscope outside the reservoir reforming room 3 through the data line 15 16 connected.
  • the high-strength control wire 2 can bear the gravity and swing in the process of hoisting the system, and can withstand the vibration and wear in the process of reservoir reconstruction.
  • the outer edge size of the reservoir reconstruction room 3 should be 60 cm (length) ⁇ 60 cm (width) ⁇ 80 cm (height), and can withstand the impact of resonance waves during the reservoir reconstruction process without significant deformation.
  • the thickness of the protective cushion layer 4 is preferably 2 cm, and it can simultaneously ensure that the coal and rock samples and the reservoir reconstruction equipment will not be significantly moved and damaged during the experiment.
  • the outer edge size of the energy supply/energy storage device 5, the energy controller 6, and the core part are all 10 cm, and the total longitudinal height should be just fixed on the inner edge of the reservoir reforming room 3.
  • the explosion cavity 9 and the explosion wire 10 should be adjusted in advance, can be repeatedly detonated during the use of the system, and can withstand the impact force generated by the explosion.
  • the cylindrical coal sample 12 has an outer diameter of 40 cm, an inner diameter of 10 cm, and a height of 40 cm, and its top and bottom surfaces should be nearly parallel to the coal bed.
  • the coal columnar sample 13 should be drilled along the outer edge of the cylindrical sample 12, and the remaining part of the coal should not be damaged as much as possible during the drilling process; the size of the coal columnar sample 13 should be 2.5cm in diameter and 5.0-7.5cm in height Better.
  • Step 1 Collect and prepare a coal-bed methane reservoir (coal) cylindrical sample 12, test the natural frequency of the coal-rock cylindrical sample 12, and use CT scanning technology to observe the distribution and connectivity of the coal and rock before the transformation.
  • the sample size should be at least a 50cm ⁇ 50cm ⁇ 50cm cube, and a certain section of the sample should be nearly parallel to the coal bed.
  • the cylindrical sample 12 holes with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 40 cm should be taken out concentrically to insert the shock wave generator; the cylindrical sample 12
  • the edges should be marked for CT scan positioning.
  • the resonance frequency tester is used to obtain parameters such as the natural frequency f of the coalbed methane reservoir; at the same time, the cylindrical sample 12 is placed in the CT scanning device to observe the internal The spread and connection of cracks.
  • Step 2 Obtain a coal columnar sample 13 at the edge of the prepared coal cylindrical sample 12, and obtain the porosity ⁇ 0 and the permeability k 0 of the coal before the reservoir reformation by using the non-destructive testing technology.
  • the coal columnar sample 13 is prepared along the edge of the cylindrical sample 12 of coal.
  • the size of the columnar sample 13 should be 2.5cm in diameter and 5.0-7.5cm in length.
  • the distance between the axis and the edge of the cylindrical sample 12 should be 2-5cm.
  • Multiple columnar samples 13 can be drilled along the edge of the cylindrical sample 12 as needed.
  • the coal and rock columnar samples 13 drilled are successively tested for their porosity ⁇ 0 and permeability k 0 with a rock porosity analyzer, a rock permeability tester, etc., in a non-destructive manner.
  • the coal columnar sample 13 is put into the coal rock cylindrical sample 12 in the original order to prepare for resonant shock wave modification.
  • Step 3 Assemble a system that uses resonance shock waves to transform a coalbed methane reservoir, and adjust the resonance frequency of the reservoir reforming system to be consistent with the natural frequency f of the coal reservoir.
  • the reservoir reconstruction system After the reservoir reconstruction system is assembled, without placing coal and rock samples, turn on the stress sensing device 14 and the oscilloscope 16, start the ground control system 1, and continuously adjust the power supply intensity and frequency until the resonance of the explosion cavity 9 After the shock wave is amplified, the amplitude and frequency displayed on the oscilloscope 16 are consistent with the design value, and the power supply intensity U and the power supply frequency f U at this time are recorded. Turn off the ground control system 1, the stress sensing device 14 and the oscilloscope 16 one by one, and use them when the reservoir is reconstructed.
  • Step 4 Put the coal rock cylindrical sample 12 and the columnar sample 13 into the system of resonant shock wave reforming the coalbed methane reservoir, and successively put them into the packaging upper equipment.
  • Step 5 start the ground control system 1, detonate the explosive wire 10 in the explosion chamber 9 through the high-strength control wire 2 to generate a high-decibel shock wave with the same frequency as the coal and rock, and push the same-frequency shock wave into the coal and rock sample through the shock wave enhancement device 11 .
  • the oscilloscope 16 can be observed at any time by the stress state in the reservoir chamber 3 transformation; if found oscilloscope 16 shows the number of occurrence of significantly increased or decreased, or displayed on an oscilloscope 16 a shock wave frequency f 'and the natural frequency of coal reservoirs
  • f drifts gradually
  • the ground control system 1 should be stopped immediately, and the cause of the abnormality should be investigated one by one. After the cause of the abnormality is completely resolved, the ground control system 1 and the resonant shock wave reservoir reconstruction experiment can be restarted.
  • Step 6 After a period of time, use the ground control system 1 to terminate this reservoir modification experiment, record the relevant experimental parameters, take out the coal rock cylindrical sample 12 and columnar sample 13 for CT scanning, and test the porosity and permeability of the reservoir after the modification Rate and other related parameters.
  • Step 7 adjust the time, intensity, frequency, etc. of the reservoir reformation experiment, repeat steps 1 to 6, summarize the sample data before and after reformation, and analyze the control factors and influence laws of the effect of resonant shock wave reformation of coalbed methane reservoirs.
  • Table 1 Record table of using resonant shock wave to transform coalbed methane reservoir
  • control factors and influence laws of resonant shock waves can be further analyzed to transform coalbed methane reservoirs.
  • Step 8 After all the experiments of resonant shock wave reforming the coalbed methane reservoir are completed, the system should be stopped immediately, and the components of the coalbed methane reservoir reforming system should be recovered for the next use.
  • the present invention can provide a system that can combine resonance frequency means and shock wave means to transform coal rock reservoirs, so as to improve coal rock permeability and coalbed methane reservoir transformation efficiency; it can verify the resonance shock wave means to transform coalbed methane reservoirs through experiments It can further analyze the control factors and influence rules of the resonant shock wave to transform coalbed methane; it can also comprehensively increase the gas production and gas production rate of coalbed methane, reduce coal-measure gas, and relieve global energy pressure and solve coal mine gas safety problems. Has a positive meaning.
  • the invention utilizes a relatively simple system, can improve the mining efficiency of coalbed methane, and has good promotion significance in the field of coalbed methane development.

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Abstract

本发明提供的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统及方法，包括地面控制系统、能量控制器和储层改造室，其中，所述储层改造室的内腔中设置有系统核心部分，所述系统核心部分通过能量控制器与地面控制系统连接，用于产生与煤层气储层的频率一致的冲击波；本发明利用相对简易的系统，可提高煤层气开采效率，在煤层气开发领域具有较好的推广意义。

Description

一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及煤层气储层改造技术领域，特别涉及一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统及方法。
 背景技术
煤层气是指赋存在煤系中以甲烷（CH 4）为主要成分、以吸附在煤基质颗粒表面为主、部分游离于煤孔隙中或溶解于煤层水中的烃类气体，是煤的伴生矿产资源，属于非常规天然气的范畴；但另一方面，煤层气又称为煤矿瓦斯，若在煤矿开采前不进行有效排泄和疏导，则可能为煤矿开采带来不安全因素，严重制约煤矿的安全生产。因此，无论从煤层气开采角度、还是从煤矿瓦斯治理角度，均有必要在煤矿开发前期对煤层气进行地面抽取。尽管目前我国已大规模开展煤层气资源勘探开发工作，但针对局部含气量偏低的煤层气储层，由于岩石渗透率偏低，限制了当地煤层气的高效利用与开发。因此，往往需要对煤岩进行增渗改造，以提高煤层气的产气量和产气效率。
目前相对成熟的煤层气储层增渗手段主要包括水力压裂和冲击波改造两种，这两种手段尽管优势明显，但也存在一定的技术劣势。水力压裂虽然可实现较广泛的储层改造，但由于煤系储层各向异性明显，往往仅形成沿煤岩层理的单向裂缝，改造尺度有限；同时，水力压裂的改造程度往往偏高，会对煤层气储层造成严重破坏，对煤矿开采带来潜在的冲击地压风险。就冲击波改造手段而言，虽然对煤岩储层不会产生严重的破坏，但其改造能力较弱，有必要联合其他方式共同提高储层改造范围。因此，有必要一种既可有效提高煤层气储层渗透率、同时也能对煤系地层不产生明显破坏的储层改造手段。
固有频率共振手段是近年在国内逐渐兴起的储层改造手段之一，但其主要应用于页岩气领域，在煤层气领域尚未得到广泛推广。若将固有频率共振手段和冲击波增渗手段相结合，则可形成一种既可为煤层气储层增渗、同时也可保护煤层的新技术。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统及方法，解决了现有的煤气储层的改造方法存在风险大、效率低的缺陷。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
本发明提供的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，包括地面控制系统、能量控制器和储层改造室，其中，所述储层改造室的内腔中设置有系统核心部分，所述系统核心部分通过能量控制器与地面控制系统连接，用于产生与煤层气储层的频率一致的冲击波。
优选地，所述系统核心部分包括爆炸腔，所述爆炸腔内设置有爆炸丝，所述爆炸丝与能量控制器连接。
优选地，所述系统核心部分还包括顶部支座和底部支座，所述爆炸腔置于顶部支座和底部支座之间。
优选地，所述爆炸腔的两侧对称设置有用以放大共振冲击波的冲击波增强设备。
优选地，所述储层改造室的内腔中还设置有应力感应设备；所述应力感应设备通过数据线与置于储层改造室外侧的示波器相连。
优选地，所述储层改造室上套装有保护垫层。
优选地，所述储层改造室内放置有煤岩筒状样品，所述系统核心部分置于煤岩筒状样品的空腔内；所述煤岩筒状样品的端面上，沿其轴向方向开设有圆孔，所述圆孔内装配有柱状样品。
一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的方法，基于所述的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，采集改造前的煤岩筒状样品的孔隙度和渗透率；
步骤2，设定能量控制器输出电信号的频率、强度和时间；使得系统核心部分产生的冲击波频率与煤层气储层的频率一致；
步骤3，开启实验一定时间后，记录实验参数，采集煤岩筒状样品和柱状样品改造后的孔隙度和渗透率，进行下一步分析。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统及方法，利用能量控制器控制系统核心部分产生与煤层气储层的频率一致的冲击波，形成一种联合共振频率手段和冲击波手段共同改造煤岩储层的系统，该系统既可为煤层气储层增渗、同时也可保护煤层，能够综合提高煤层气的产气量和产气速率，降低煤系瓦斯，对缓解全球能源压力和解决煤矿瓦斯安全问题具有积极的意义；
同时，能够进一步分析共振冲击波改造煤层气的控制因素和影响规律；也能综合提高煤层气的产气量和产气速率，降低煤系瓦斯，对缓解全球能源压力和解决煤矿瓦斯安全问题具有积极的意义。本发明利用相对简易的系统，可提高煤层气开采效率，在煤层气开发领域具有较好的推广意义。
 附图说明
图1是本发明的流程示意图。
图2是本发明的系统示意图。
图3是本发明的系统A-A’截面俯视示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。
为了提高煤层气储层的改造效果，同时促进煤层气的开采量和开采速率，本发明主要是在采集并制备煤层气储层（煤岩）筒状样品和柱状样品的基础上，测试煤岩筒状样品的固有频率，利用CT扫描技术观测改造前煤岩的裂缝展布与连通情况，并利用无损测试技术获取改造前煤岩的孔隙度 φ 0 和渗透率 k 0 。其次，组装利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，将系统的共振频率调为与煤岩储层固有频率 f一致，置入煤岩筒状样品和柱状样品，并逐次置入封装上部设备。再次，启动地面控制系统，通过高强控制导线引爆爆炸腔内的爆炸丝，产生与煤岩同频率的高分贝冲击波，并通过冲击波增强设备向煤岩样品中推送高强同频冲击波。最后，在不同实验条件下分别重复开展储层改造实验，分别记录汇总煤岩储层改造前后的CT图像、孔隙度、渗透率等样品数据，分析共振冲击波改造煤层气储层效果的控制因素和影响规律，回收系统设备，以备下次使用。
如图2所述，本发明提供的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，包括地面控制系统1、高强控制导线2和保护垫层4，其中，所述保护垫层4为壳体结构，所述壳体结构的内部为储层改造室3。
所述改造室3内设置有功能/储能设备5、能量控制器6和系统核心部分，其中，所述地面控制系统1通过高强控制导线2伸入至储层改造室3，并与供能/储能设备5连接，用于向供能/储能设备5提供电源。
所述供能/储能设备5通过能量控制器6与系统核心部分连接；所述能量控制器6用于向系统核心部分输出设定频率和强度的电信号，使得系统核心部分产生与煤层气储层频率一致的冲击波。
所述系统核心部分包括顶部支座7和底部支座8，其中，所述顶部支座7和底部支座8之间设置有玻璃状爆炸腔9。
所述爆炸腔9内设爆炸丝10；所述爆炸丝10与能量控制器6相接。
所述爆炸腔9的两侧对称设置有冲击波增强设备11（类似音响等音频增强设备），用以放大共振冲击波。
所述系统核心部分的外缘套装有煤岩筒状样品12，所述煤岩筒状样品12上安装有柱状样品13，用以对煤层气储层进行改造和测试分析。
所述储层改造室3的内腔中还设置有应力感应设备14，用以采集储层改造过程中的应力数据；所述应力感应设备14通过数据线15与储层改造室3外的示波器16相连。
所述的高强控制导线2可承担吊装系统过程中的重力和摆动，并可承受储层改造过程中的振动和磨损。
所述的储层改造室3外缘尺寸应为60cm（长）×60cm（宽）×80cm（高），并可在储层改造过程中承受共振波的冲击作用而不发生显著变形。
所述的保护垫层4厚度以2cm为宜，且可同时保证煤岩样品和储层改造设备在实验过程中不发生显著移动和损坏。
所述的供能/储能设备5、能量控制器6和核心部分外缘尺寸均为10cm，且纵向总高度以刚好卡固在储层改造室3内缘为宜。
所述的爆炸腔9和爆炸丝10应经过预先调试，可在系统使用过程中反复引爆，并且可承受爆炸产生的冲击力。
所述的煤岩筒状样品12外径为40cm、内径为10cm、高为40cm，其顶面和底面应与煤岩层理近平行。
所述的煤岩柱状样品13应沿筒状样品12外缘钻取，钻取过程中应尽可能不破坏剩余部分煤岩；煤岩柱状样品13尺寸应以直径2.5cm、高5.0-7.5cm为佳。
本发明的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层系统的操作步骤为：
步骤1，采集并制备煤层气储层（煤岩）筒状样品12，测试煤岩筒状样品12的固有频率，并利用CT扫描技术观测改造前煤岩的裂缝展布与连通情况。
采集煤层气储层样品，样品尺寸应至少为50cm×50cm×50cm的立方体，样品某一截面应与煤岩层理近平行。以层理面为平面制取直径为40cm、高为40cm的筒状样品12，筒状样品12内部应同心掏取直径为10cm、高为40cm的孔洞以置入冲击波发生设备；筒状样品12边缘应做标记以便CT扫描定位。基于制备的煤岩筒状样品12，利用共振频率测试仪获取煤层气储层固有频率 f等参数；同时将筒状样品12置入CT扫描设备，以观测储层改造前筒状样品12内的裂缝展布与连通情况。
步骤2，在所制备的煤岩筒状样品12边部制取煤岩柱状样品13，并利用无损测试技术获取储层改造前煤岩的孔隙度 φ 0 和渗透率 k 0 。
沿煤岩筒状样品12边部制取煤岩柱状样品13，柱状样品13尺寸以直径2.5cm、长度5.0-7.5cm为宜，其中轴线与筒状样品12边部距离宜为2-5cm，可根据需要沿筒状样品12边缘钻取多个柱状样品13。将钻取的煤岩柱状样品13依次利用岩石孔隙度分析仪、岩石渗透率测试仪等无损测试其孔隙度 φ 0 和渗透率 k 0 。完成数据记录后，将煤岩柱状样品13按原顺序放入煤岩筒状样品12内，以备共振冲击波改造使用。
步骤3，组装利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，并将储层改造系统的共振频率调试为与煤岩储层固有频率 f一致。
储层改造系统组装好后，在不置入煤岩样品的情况下，开启应力感应设备14和示波器16，启动地面控制系统1，并不断调试供电强度和供电频率，直至爆炸腔9产生的共振冲击波经放大后、在示波器16上显示的振幅和频率与设计值一致，并记录下此时的供电强度 U和供电频率 f U 。逐次关闭地面控制系统1、应力感应设备14和示波器16，待储层改造时使用。
步骤4，将煤岩筒状样品12和柱状样品13置入共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，并逐次置入封装上部设备。
将带柱状样品13的煤岩筒状样品12一并置入共振冲击波改造煤层气储层系统中底层保护垫层4之上，然后利用提升泵将与高强控制导线2相连的系统核心部分、能量控制器6和供能/储能设备5吊入，上部与地面控制系统1可靠连接；最后开启应力感应设备14和示波器16，以随时观测储层改造室3内的应力状态。
步骤5，启动地面控制系统1，通过高强控制导线2引爆爆炸腔9内的爆炸丝10，产生与煤岩同频率的高分贝冲击波，并通过冲击波增强设备11向煤岩样品中推送同频冲击波。
启动地面控制系统1，并将控制系统参数调至步骤3中的供电强度 U和供电频率 f U ，同时开始煤层气储层改造实验。引爆腔9内引爆丝10产生的与煤层气储层同频的共振冲击波，经过冲击波增强设备11增大振幅后向煤岩样品中推送、放大。实验过程中，可通过示波器16随时观测储层改造室3内的应力状态；若发现示波器16示数发生显著升高或降低，或者示波器16上显示的冲击波频率 f’和煤岩储层固有频率 f逐渐偏移时，应立即停止地面控制系统1，并逐项排查产生异常的原因。待异常原因彻底解决后，才可重新启动地面控制系统1和共振冲击波储层改造实验。
步骤6，一段时间后，利用地面控制系统1终止本次储层改造实验，记录相关实验参数，取出煤岩筒状样品12和柱状样品13进行CT扫描，并测试改造后储层孔隙度、渗透率等相关参数。
待共振冲击波作用达到预设时间 T后，利用地面控制系统1终止本次储层改造实验，同时记录下本次储层改造的相关实验参数，包括作用时间 T、供电强度 U和供电频率 f U 。待系统完全停止振动后，取出煤岩筒状样品12开展CT扫描测试，观测共振冲击波储层改造后煤岩样品的裂缝展布和连通情况；另外，取出柱状样品13，利用岩石孔隙度分析仪和渗透率测试仪，分别无损测试储层改造后柱状样品13的孔隙度 φ T 和渗透率 k T ，并记录。
步骤7，调整储层改造实验时间、强度、频率等，重复步骤1至步骤6，汇总改造前、后的样品数据，分析共振冲击波改造煤层气储层效果的控制因素和影响规律。
改变煤层气储层改造实验时间 T、强度 U、频率 f U 等参数，并据此调节地面控制系统1的作业参数，重复步骤1至步骤6，依次记录不同实验条件下共振冲击波改造煤层气储层前后的裂缝发育情况、裂缝连通情况、孔隙度 φ和渗透率 k等，记录表格可参照表1。
表1 利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层记录表
Figure dest_path_image001
根据表1中的汇总参数和数据，可进一步分析共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的控制因素和影响规律。
步骤8，待所有共振冲击波改造煤层气储层实验完成后，应立即停止系统工作，并回收煤层气储层改造系统各部件，以备下次使用。
待共振冲击波改造煤层气储层实验完成，或实验时间达到预设时长后，利用地面控制系统1中止储层改造作业，并依次停止应力感应设备14和示波器16，利用高强控制导线2提起供能/储能设备5、能量控制器6和系统核心部分，清洗储层改造室3内腔并置于通风处晾干，回收煤岩筒状样品12和柱状样品13残样，回收应力感应设备14、数据线15和示波器16等剩余设备，以备下次使用。
本发明能够提供一种可联合共振频率手段和冲击波手段共同改造煤岩储层的系统，以期提高煤岩渗透率和煤层气储层改造效率；能够通过实验方式验证共振冲击波手段改造煤层气储层的作用效果，并可进一步分析共振冲击波改造煤层气的控制因素和影响规律；也能综合提高煤层气的产气量和产气速率，降低煤系瓦斯，对缓解全球能源压力和解决煤矿瓦斯安全问题具有积极的意义。本发明利用相对简易的系统，可提高煤层气开采效率，在煤层气开发领域具有较好的推广意义。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施例，不能以其限定发明的实施范围，所以其等同组件的置换，或依本发明保护范围所作的等同变化与修饰，都应仍属于本发明涵盖的范畴。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，其特征在于，包括地面控制系统（1）、能量控制器（6）和储层改造室（3），其中，所述储层改造室（3）的内腔中设置有系统核心部分，所述系统核心部分通过能量控制器（6）与地面控制系统（1）连接，用于产生与煤层气储层的频率一致的冲击波。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，其特征在于，所述系统核心部分包括爆炸腔（9），所述爆炸腔（9）内设置有爆炸丝（10），所述爆炸丝（10）与能量控制器（6）连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，其特征在于，所述系统核心部分还包括顶部支座（7）和底部支座（8），所述爆炸腔（9）置于顶部支座（7）和底部支座（8）之间。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，其特征在于，所述爆炸腔（9）的两侧对称设置有用以放大共振冲击波的冲击波增强设备（11）。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，其特征在于，所述储层改造室（3）的内腔中还设置有应力感应设备（14）；所述应力感应设备（14）通过数据线（15）与置于储层改造室（3）外侧的示波器（16）相连。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，其特征在于，所述储层改造室（3）上套装有保护垫层（4）。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，其特征在于，所述储层改造室（3）内放置有煤岩筒状样品（12），所述系统核心部分置于煤岩筒状样品（12）的空腔内；所述煤岩筒状样品（12）的端面上，沿其轴向方向开设有圆孔，所述圆孔内装配有柱状样品（13）。
  8. 一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的方法，其特征在于，基于权利要求1-7中任一项所述的一种利用共振冲击波改造煤层气储层的系统，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，采集改造前的煤岩筒状样品（12）的孔隙度和渗透率；
    步骤2，设定能量控制器（6）输出电信号的频率、强度和时间；使得系统核心部分产生的冲击波频率与煤层气储层的频率一致；
    步骤3，开启实验一定时间后，记录实验参数，采集煤岩筒状样品（12）和柱状样品（13）改造后的孔隙度和渗透率，进行下一步分析。
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