WO2021238120A1 - 一种激光器和多波长输出激光加工系统 - Google Patents

一种激光器和多波长输出激光加工系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021238120A1
WO2021238120A1 PCT/CN2020/132016 CN2020132016W WO2021238120A1 WO 2021238120 A1 WO2021238120 A1 WO 2021238120A1 CN 2020132016 W CN2020132016 W CN 2020132016W WO 2021238120 A1 WO2021238120 A1 WO 2021238120A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
optical fiber
fiber
active
cladding
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PCT/CN2020/132016
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蒋峰
杨德权
张均
雷剑
吕张勇
郝冀
王英
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苏州创鑫激光科技有限公司
深圳市创鑫激光股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021238120A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021238120A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06745—Tapering of the fibre, core or active region
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
    • H01S3/06733—Fibre having more than one cladding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of laser technology, in particular to a laser and a multi-wavelength output laser processing system.
  • the hybrid welding technology using single laser beam splitting or multiple laser beams to form two or multiple laser beams can be high-quality precision welding Provides a feasible solution direction.
  • the dual optical path composite laser welding technology requires a beam splitter to generate dual beams, or two separate lasers are required to generate dual beams, and then a dual main optical path composite welding head is used to combine the two laser beams.
  • the different absorption and heating characteristics of each beam on the material realize high-quality processing of the material.
  • This solution requires two separate lasers, two separate laser output heads, two laser power input ports and a multiplexed composite laser processing head with collimated optical path. Not only does too many lasers and processing components lead to high costs , It also greatly increases the complexity of the optics and control of the entire system, which leads to hidden reliability hazards, and the multi-port input also causes the size of the system to be too large and restricts it in some special application scenarios, weakening the flexible processing capability of the composite laser.
  • the current dual-beam laser hybrid welding technology has the problems of high cost and complex processing technology.
  • the embodiments of the present application are proposed to provide a laser and a multi-wavelength output laser processing system that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
  • a laser which includes:
  • the active fiber is used to partially absorb pump light and amplify signal light, the core of the active fiber is used to transmit signal light, and the cladding of the active fiber is used to transmit unabsorbed pump light Light;
  • the optical fiber output device is used to transmit the composite laser output from the active optical fiber.
  • the absorption rate of the active optical fiber is greater than 0 and less than 15 dB;
  • the absorptivity of the active optical fiber is greater than 0 and less than 10 dB.
  • the length of the active optical fiber is less than 50 meters.
  • the length of the active optical fiber is less than 20 meters.
  • the length of the active optical fiber is less than 10 meters.
  • it further includes: a fiber Bragg grating FBG arranged at both ends of the active fiber to form a resonant cavity.
  • it further includes: a seed light source for providing signal light.
  • the active optical fiber when the length of the active optical fiber is 0, it further includes a combiner for integrating the signal light and the pump light for output.
  • the core of the active optical fiber is also used to transmit pump light leaking into the core
  • the cladding of the active optical fiber is also used to transmit signal light leaking into the cladding.
  • the active optical fiber is a double-clad or multi-clad active optical fiber
  • the optical fiber output device includes a double-clad or multi-clad first optical fiber and an output head; the cladding of the first optical fiber Used for transmitting the unabsorbed pump light in the active optical fiber and the signal light leaking into the cladding, and the core of the first optical fiber is used for transmitting the signal light in the active optical fiber and leaking into the core Pump light;
  • the numerical aperture NA of the core of the active optical fiber and the numerical aperture NA of the core of the first optical fiber are designed to control part of the signal light to enter the cladding;
  • the numerical aperture NA of the cladding layer of the active optical fiber and the numerical aperture NA of the cladding layer of the first optical fiber are designed to control part of the pump light entering the core.
  • the number of cladding layers of the first optical fiber is greater than the number of cladding layers of the active optical fiber, and the active optical fiber and the first optical fiber are matched and arranged by tapering or direct fusion splicing, so that the active optical fiber cladding
  • the transmitted cladding light can enter the specific cladding of the first optical fiber according to the design requirements.
  • the optical fiber output device further includes a stripper
  • the stripper is used to strip the laser light transmitted in the outermost layer or the outermost multilayer cladding layer of the first optical fiber.
  • the pump assembly includes a plurality of pump light sources and a beam combiner.
  • the multiple pump light sources include multiple pump light sources of different or the same wavelength.
  • the multiple pump light sources include at least one of a semiconductor laser, a direct semiconductor laser, and a short-wavelength fiber laser.
  • the laser further includes a control unit connected to the pump assembly, and the control unit is used to control the output power of the pump light to form a composite laser spot output with different energy ratio profiles.
  • the laser further includes a control unit connected to the seed light source, and the control unit is used to adjust the output power of the seed light source to form a composite laser spot output with different energy ratio profiles.
  • the embodiment of the application also discloses a multi-wavelength output laser processing system, including: a laser as described above and a laser processing head, the laser processing head is connected with the optical fiber output device, and is used to output the laser The multi-wavelength composite laser is guided to the workpiece to be processed.
  • the laser processing head is a single fiber connector laser processing head
  • the fiber output device includes a single fiber
  • the multi-wavelength composite laser output by the laser is transmitted to the single fiber connector laser processing head through the single fiber .
  • the laser of the embodiment of the present application includes: a pump component for providing pump light, an active fiber and a fiber output device; the active fiber is used to partially absorb the pump light to amplify the signal light, and the core of the active fiber is used To transmit signal light, the cladding of the active fiber is used to transmit unabsorbed pump light; the fiber output device is used to transmit the composite laser output from the active fiber.
  • the laser of the embodiment of the present application can transmit signal light and pump light in a single fiber, and realize multi-beam composite laser output. There is no need to install two or more independent lasers. Output first and other devices, reducing the use of devices, can reduce costs, and can reduce the size of the laser.
  • the laser of the embodiment of the present application does not need to use quartz to splice multiple fiber laser output fibers, and there is no requirement on the principle of the processing direction, which can simplify the processing process.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an embodiment of a laser of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy distribution of a composite laser under actual conditions
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy distribution of a composite laser in an ideal state
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another composite laser energy distribution in an ideal state
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another composite laser energy distribution in an ideal state
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another composite laser energy distribution in an ideal state
  • Fig. 7 is a structural diagram of a laser in an example
  • Fig. 8 is a structural diagram of a laser in another example.
  • Embodiment 1 of a laser of the present application is shown, which may specifically include:
  • the active optical fiber 2 is used to partially absorb pump light and amplify signal light, the core of the active optical fiber 2 is used to transmit signal light, and the cladding of the active optical fiber 2 is used to transmit unabsorbed light.
  • the optical fiber output device 3 is used to transmit the composite laser output from the active optical fiber 2.
  • the laser in the embodiment of the present application may be a laser with an all-fiber structure, that is, the internal devices of the laser are connected by an optical fiber, or connected by a built-in optical fiber.
  • the absorption rate of the active fiber 2 may be greater than 0 and less than 15 dB.
  • the absorption rate of the active optical fiber 2 can be set to be greater than 0 and less than 10 dB.
  • the absorption rate of the active optical fiber 2 can be set to be greater than 0 and less than 8 dB.
  • the absorption rate (dB) of the active fiber 2 is determined by the fiber length (m) and the absorption coefficient (dB/m) of the fiber itself. Therefore, the absorption rate can be adjusted by setting the length of the active fiber 2.
  • the length of the active fiber in the embodiment of this application is shorter. In the embodiment of the present application, the length of the active optical fiber 2 may be less than 50 meters. In an example, the length of the active optical fiber 2 may be less than 30 meters. In another example, the length of the active optical fiber 2 may be less than 20 meters. In another example, the length of the active optical fiber 2 may be less than 10 meters.
  • the active optical fiber includes a core and double cladding or multiple cladding.
  • the core of the active fiber is also used to transmit pump light leaking into the core, and the cladding of the active fiber is also used to transmit signal light leaking into the cladding.
  • the pump light and the signal light have different wavelengths
  • the center wavelength of the signal light may be 1030-2140 nm
  • the center wavelength of the pump light may be 915-1550 nm.
  • the center wavelength of the signal light may be 1080 nm
  • the center wavelength of the pump light may be 915 nm.
  • the pump light and the signal light are kept in the same optical fiber for transmission, and the energy transmission of the core and the cladding of the optical fiber forms a point ring-shaped energy distribution mode.
  • Point ring refers to the shape of a point from the center and one or more rings around the center.
  • a typical composite laser with a ring-shaped energy distribution is a straw hat-shaped laser.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy distribution of a composite laser in an actual state.
  • the energy distribution of the laser at the outer edge is a flat-top distribution
  • the energy distribution of the laser at the center is a Gaussian distribution or a Gauss-like distribution.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a composite laser energy distribution in an ideal state.
  • the composite laser includes a central part of the laser and an outer part of the laser.
  • the central part of the laser is mostly high-brightness signal light, which can be the signal light output from the core of the active optical fiber 2.
  • the pump light leaking from the cladding of the active fiber may also be transmitted to the core.
  • the power of the laser in the center part is related to the pump power and active fiber parameters (including core diameter, numerical aperture NA, absorptivity, dopants, and length).
  • the laser at the outer edge is ring-shaped, and the power density of the laser at the outer edge is lower than that of the laser at the center, and the brightness is also lower.
  • the laser at the outer edge may be unabsorbed pump light transmitted from the cladding of the active fiber 2.
  • the signal light leaking from the core of the active optical fiber 2 may also be transmitted to the cladding.
  • the optical power of the outer part of the laser is related to the pump power and active fiber parameters (including core diameter, absorptivity, dopants, and length).
  • the energy distribution of the outer edge part of the laser is flat-topped, and the beam energy is uniformly applied to the surface of the workpiece, mostly by heat conduction welding, with a smooth surface, but the energy density is low, and it is not easy to form a pinhole effect , So the penetration depth is very shallow.
  • the energy distribution of the laser in the center part is Gaussian or Gauss-like distribution, the energy is concentrated, small holes are easy to form, so the penetration depth is large, and the keyhole is formed on the surface of the workpiece, but splashes are easy to form in the process and affect the surface shape; the two wavelength beams are combined Acting on the workpiece, it can give play to their respective advantages, while ensuring a certain depth of the weld, at the same time suppressing spatter and improving the surface formation.
  • the wavelengths of the laser at the central part and the laser at the outer edge are different, the central wavelength of the laser at the central part may be 1030-2140 nm, and the central wavelength of the laser at the outer edge may be 915-1550 nm.
  • the center wavelength of the laser in the center part may be 1080 nm, and the center wavelength of the laser in the outer edge part may be 915 nm.
  • the laser cross-section of the central part is dotted, square, round or quasi-circular.
  • the ratio of the laser power in the core of the active optical fiber 2 to the laser power in the cladding of the active optical fiber 2 can be set by the absorptivity of the active optical fiber 2.
  • the power of the center laser and the power of the edge laser can be adjusted independently and continuously by adjusting the pump power, so as to increase or decrease the laser power at the same time. Power and power of the edge laser.
  • the absorption rate of the active fiber is generally set to 15-20dB, and the pump light is absorbed as much as possible to convert it into more signal light.
  • the laser is also provided with a stripper connected between the active fiber and the fiber output device. The unabsorbed pump light and the signal light outside the fiber core are lost by the stripper to maintain a very clean signal light with a normal light spot. It is a Gauss-like light shape.
  • the laser is not provided with a stripper for stripping the unabsorbed pump light and the signal light outside the core, so that the unabsorbed pump light can be transmitted in the cladding to form the output spot.
  • the outer edge part is not provided with a stripper for stripping the unabsorbed pump light and the signal light outside the core, so that the unabsorbed pump light can be transmitted in the cladding to form the output spot.
  • the laser of the embodiment of the present application can transmit signal light and pump light of different wavelengths in a single fiber, without the need to set up two or more independent lasers, two separate laser output heads and other devices.
  • the use of devices is reduced, the cost can be reduced, and the size of the laser can be reduced.
  • the composite laser generated by the laser in the embodiment of the present application is a laser output on the same optical axis, and quartz is not needed to fuse multiple fiber laser output fibers, and there is no requirement on the principle of processing direction, which can simplify the processing process.
  • the active optical fiber 2 may be a double-clad or multi-clad active optical fiber
  • the optical fiber output device 4 may include a double-clad or multi-clad first optical fiber and an output head.
  • the cladding of the first optical fiber is used to transmit the unabsorbed pump light in the active optical fiber 2, and the core of the first optical fiber is used to transmit the signal light in the active optical fiber 2.
  • the cladding of the first optical fiber is used to transmit the unabsorbed pump light in the active optical fiber 2 and the signal light that leaks into the cladding, and the core of the first optical fiber is used to transmit the active optical fiber 2. Signal light and pump light leaking into the core.
  • the laser spot parameters (including spot size and spot shape) of the central part of the composite laser are related to the core parameters of the active fiber 2 and the core parameters of the first fiber.
  • the core parameters include numerical aperture NA.
  • the numerical aperture of the core of the active optical fiber 2 and the numerical aperture of the core of the first optical fiber are designed to control part of the signal light entering the cladding, so that the laser transmission mode of the core of the active optical fiber 2 is the same as that of the core of the first optical fiber.
  • the laser transmission mode is the same.
  • the numerical aperture of the cladding of the active optical fiber 2 and the numerical aperture of the cladding of the first optical fiber are designed to control part of the pump light entering the core, so that the laser transmission module of the cladding of the active optical fiber 2 corresponds to the first optical fiber
  • the laser transmission mode of the cladding is the same.
  • the cladding of a multi-clad fiber can be divided into an inner cladding and an outer cladding.
  • the cladding near the core is the inner cladding
  • the cladding far from the core is the outer cladding.
  • the cladding farthest away from the fiber is the outer cladding
  • the remaining claddings are the inner cladding.
  • the outer cladding layer is usually made of low refractive index material and is not used to transmit laser light.
  • the cladding layers other than the cladding layer can be used to transmit unabsorbed pump light.
  • the cladding layers other than the cladding layer are used to transmit unabsorbed pump light.
  • the number of cladding layers of the active optical fiber 2 may be the same as the number of cladding layers of the first optical fiber.
  • the number of cladding layers of the active optical fiber 2 may be less than the number of cladding layers of the first optical fiber.
  • the cladding light transmitted in the cladding of the source optical fiber 2 can enter the specific cladding of the first optical fiber according to design requirements.
  • the active fiber is double-clad, and the first fiber is quad-clad.
  • the laser light transmitted from the cladding of the active optical fiber 2 can be diffused into at least one cladding of the first optical fiber for transmission.
  • the active optical fiber and the first optical fiber can be tapered separately through the fiber cladding or the cladding and the core can be tapered at the same time to match the fiber size and NA setting, so that the pump light transmitted in the active fiber cladding can enter In at least one cladding of the first optical fiber.
  • the optical fiber output device 4 may also include a stripper; the stripper is used to strip the laser light transmitted in the outermost layer or the outermost multilayer cladding of the first optical fiber, which can be stripped according to actual needs. Cladding light.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of another composite laser energy distribution in an ideal state.
  • the compound laser with a ring-shaped energy distribution as shown in the figure can also be called a straw hat laser, which includes a central part laser and a ring-shaped outer edge part laser.
  • the power of the central part laser is greater than the edge part laser power.
  • the depression can be created by cooperating with a special optical fiber product, such as a standard QBH energy-transmitting optical fiber.
  • a special optical fiber product such as a standard QBH energy-transmitting optical fiber.
  • a certain part of the QBH energy transfer fiber is a low refractive index layer doped with F, and the sag occurs in this part.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of another composite laser energy distribution in an ideal state.
  • the compound laser with a ring-shaped energy distribution as shown in the figure can also be called a straw hat laser. It includes a central part of the laser and a ring-shaped outer edge part of the laser. There is a recessed part between the outer edge part of the laser.
  • the ratio of the power of the laser at the center part to the power of the laser at the edge can be set by adjusting the absorption rate of the active fiber 2 and the power of the pump light.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of another composite laser energy distribution in an ideal state. Including the central part of the laser, the edge laser of two ring belts and two concave ring belts.
  • the pump assembly 1 may include a plurality of pump light sources 11 and a beam combiner 12.
  • the combiner 12 can be a high-power N+1:1 combiner, including multiple input fibers and an output fiber. Each pump light source 11 can be connected to an input fiber. The multiple pumps are combined by the combiner 12 The pump light output by the pump light source is coupled and output from the output fiber.
  • the pump light source 11 may be a semiconductor pump light source, or any laser light source output from an optical fiber.
  • the plurality of pump light sources 11 may include at least one of a semiconductor laser, a direct semiconductor laser, and a short-wavelength fiber laser.
  • the multiple pump light sources 11 may all be semiconductor lasers, or part of the pump light sources may be direct semiconductor lasers, and the remaining part of the pump light sources may be short-wavelength fiber lasers.
  • the type of pump light source can be set according to actual needs.
  • the wavelength of the laser at the center part and the wavelength of the laser at the edge of the composite laser can be set according to the wavelength of the pump light source 11 and the doping element of the active fiber 2.
  • the doping element may include ytterbium (Yb), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), and the like.
  • the pump wavelength is 915nm
  • the active fiber is doped with Yb
  • the signal light wavelength can be in the range of 1030 ⁇ 1090nm
  • the laser wavelength of the center part can be in the range of 1030 ⁇ 1090nm
  • the wavelength bandwidth range is 0.5nm to 20nm
  • the power is not less than 100W
  • the laser wavelength at the edge includes 915nm.
  • the multiple pump light sources 11 may be pump light sources of the same wavelength, or pump light sources of different wavelengths. Using pump light sources 11 of different wavelengths, composite lasers with different wavelength combinations can be generated.
  • the laser may further include a control unit connected to the pump component, and the control unit is used to control the output power of the pump light to form a composite laser spot output with different energy ratio profiles.
  • control unit can be connected to each pump light source 11, and can control the pump light power output by each pump light source 11 respectively.
  • the control unit controls part of the pump light source 11 to turn on or off, and controls the part of the pump light source 11 to increase or decrease the output pump light power.
  • the laser may further include: a second optical fiber 4 connected between the active optical fiber 2 and the optical fiber output device 3, and a third optical fiber 5 connected between the combiner 12 and the active optical fiber 2 .
  • the second optical fiber 4 and the third optical fiber 5 may be double-clad or multi-clad optical fibers, and the second optical fiber 4 is matched with the active optical fiber 2 and the first optical fiber of the optical fiber output device 3.
  • the core of the second optical fiber 4 may be used to transmit signal light
  • the cladding of the second optical fiber 4 may be used to transmit unabsorbed pump light.
  • the core of the second optical fiber 4 is also used to transmit pump light leaking into the core
  • the cladding of the second optical fiber 4 is also used to transmit signal light leaking into the cladding.
  • the laser spot parameters (including spot shape and spot size) of the laser on the outer edge of the composite laser are related to the cladding diameter and numerical aperture NA of the second optical fiber 4 and the first optical fiber, and the beam combiner parameters.
  • Combiner parameters refer to the process parameters of the combiner. When the combiner is manufactured, it is made according to the input fiber and output fiber to be connected, and the manufacturing process parameters are set for the input fiber and output fiber to be connected. In the embodiment of this application, the parameters of the combiner can be set according to the input fiber connected to the pump light source and the third fiber 5. Therefore, the influence of the third fiber 5 on the laser output of the laser can be attributed to the parameters of the combiner.
  • the beamer parameters may include the parameters of the input fiber of the pump light source and the parameters of the third fiber 5.
  • the cladding diameter, numerical aperture NA, and combiner parameters of the second optical fiber 4, as well as the parameters of the first optical fiber can be set according to actual needs, so as to set the laser spot parameters of the outer edge part of the composite laser output by the laser.
  • the second optical fiber 4 can be set to the same optical fiber parameters as the third optical fiber 5.
  • the laser may further include: a fiber Bragg grating FBG6 arranged at both ends of the active fiber to form a resonant cavity.
  • FBG6 fiber Bragg grating
  • the fiber Bragg grating FBG6 can include HR (High Reflector, high reflector) FBG and OC (Out Coupler, output coupler) FBG, HR FBG is arranged between pump component 1 and active optical fiber 2, OC FBG is arranged in Between the active optical fiber 2 and the optical fiber output device 3, HR FBG and OC FBG form a resonant cavity.
  • the pump light is transmitted in the resonant cavity, part of which is absorbed by the active fiber 2 to generate signal light, and the other part is output from the resonant cavity.
  • the fiber output device 3 outputs the laser light output from the resonant cavity.
  • the laser may further include: a seed light source for providing signal light.
  • a seed light source for providing signal light.
  • FIG. 8 for a structural diagram of a laser in another example.
  • the signal light output by the seed light source 7 and the pump light output by the pump assembly 1 are transmitted and coupled to the active optical fiber 2, and the active optical fiber 2 absorbs the pump light to amplify the signal light.
  • a laser that provides signal light through a seed light source can be called a MOPA (Master Oscillator Power-Amplifier) laser.
  • MOPA Master Oscillator Power-Amplifier
  • each pump light source 11 and seed light source 7 can be respectively connected to an input fiber of the combiner 12, and the combiner 12 combines the pump light output by the multiple pump light sources and the signal output by the seed light source 7 The light is coupled and output from the output fiber of the combiner 12.
  • the pump light and signal light output from the output fiber of the combiner 12 can be received through the active fiber 2, and the pump light is absorbed by the active fiber 2 to amplify the signal light.
  • the length of the active fiber can be set to 0, that is, a structure in which the signal light and pump light are directly integrated and output by the combiner is formed, and the final selection is made by the different matching of the output fiber and the combiner.
  • the light spot output characteristics can be set to 0, that is, a structure in which the signal light and pump light are directly integrated and output by the combiner is formed, and the final selection is made by the different matching of the output fiber and the combiner.
  • the seed light source 7 may include a single-cavity fiber laser, or a fiber-coupled sheet laser, or a diode-pumped solid-state laser (for example, a Nd-YAG laser), or a semiconductor laser.
  • the laser further includes a control unit connected to the seed light source, and the control unit is used to adjust the output power of the seed light source to form a composite laser spot output with different energy ratio profiles.
  • the wavelength of the laser at the center part and the wavelength of the laser at the edge of the composite laser can be set according to the wavelength of the seed light source 7, the wavelength of the pump light source 11 and the doping element of the active fiber 2.
  • the power of the laser in the central part of the composite laser is related to the power of the seed light source, pump power and active fiber parameters (including core diameter, numerical aperture NA, absorptance, dopants, and length).
  • the power of the central part of the laser and the edge part of the laser can be adjusted independently and continuously by adjusting the power of the seed light source or the pump power, so as to form contours with different energy ratios. Spot output.
  • This application also discloses an embodiment of a multi-wavelength output laser processing system, wherein the multi-wavelength output laser processing system may include: a laser and a laser processing head, and the laser includes:
  • the active fiber is used to partially absorb pump light and amplify signal light, the core of the active fiber is used to transmit signal light, and the cladding of the active fiber is used to transmit unabsorbed pump light Light;
  • the optical fiber output device is used to transmit the composite laser output by the active optical fiber
  • the laser processing head is connected with the optical fiber output device, and is used for guiding the multi-wavelength composite laser output by the laser to the workpiece to be processed.
  • the laser processing head may be a single fiber connector laser processing head
  • the fiber output device includes a single fiber
  • the multi-wavelength composite laser output by the laser is transmitted to the single fiber connector laser processing head through the single fiber.
  • the single optical fiber here may be the above-mentioned first optical fiber.
  • the multi-wavelength output laser processing system of this embodiment can be used for laser welding, laser cladding or other laser applications.
  • the outer edge part laser can form a flat surface on the surface of the processed workpiece, and the center part laser can form a deep weld.
  • the multi-wavelength output laser processing system of this embodiment can be used for laser continuous welding.
  • the multi-wavelength output laser processing system of the embodiment of the present application does not need to be equipped with two or more independent lasers, two separate laser output heads and other devices, which reduces the use of devices and can reduce costs, and The size of the laser can be reduced.
  • the multi-wavelength output laser processing system of the embodiment of the present application does not need to use quartz to splice multiple fiber laser output fibers, and has no requirement on the principle of processing direction, which can simplify the processing process.

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Abstract

一种激光器和多波长输出激光加工系统，激光器包括用于提供泵浦光的泵浦组件（1），有源光纤（2）和光纤输出器件（3）；有源光纤（2）用于部分吸收泵浦光，对信号光进行放大，有源光纤（2）的纤芯用于传输信号光，有源光纤（2）的包层用于传输未被吸收的泵浦光；光纤输出器件（3）用于传输有源光纤（2）输出的复合激光。激光器和多波长输出激光加工系统使用器件少，成本低。

Description

一种激光器和多波长输出激光加工系统 技术领域
本申请涉及激光技术领域，特别是涉及一种激光器和一种多波长输出激光加工系统。
背景技术
随着光纤及半导体激光器制造技术的快速发展，光纤及半导体激光器输出功率大幅度增加，利用单激光分束或者多个激光复合而成两束或者多束激光的复合焊接技术可以为高质量精密焊接提供了一个可行的解决方向。
在一种现有方案中，双光路复合激光焊接技术需要分光器件产生双光束，或者需要两个分立的激光器产生双光束，然后利用双主光路的复合焊接头将两个激光光束合成，利用两个光束的在材料上不同的吸收及加热特性，实现对材料高品质加工。
这种方案需要两个单独的激光器，两个单独激光输出头，两个激光功率输入口和准直光路的复用型复合激光处理头，不仅一方面过多的激光器及处理部件导致成本高居不下，也大大增加整个系统的光学及控制的复杂性而导致可靠性隐患，而且多口输入也导致系统的尺寸过大而限制了在一些特殊应用场景，削弱了复合激光柔性化加工能力。
在另一种方案中，为了避免使用高成本，高复杂度的多口输入复合激光加工头，通过将多个光纤激光器输出光纤熔接于一个石英输出头以实现空间上的多激光合束。这种方案原理上还是需要多个单独光纤激光器会导致高成本，而且由于非同轴，非对称的输出光纤分布，要求激光头必须沿着特定的方向进行激光加工，增加的激光加工的工艺复杂性。
因此，目前的双光束的激光复合焊接技术存在成本高，加工工艺复杂的问题。
申请内容
鉴于上述问题，提出了本申请实施例以便提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的一种激光器和一种多波长输出激光加工系统。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例公开了一种激光器，包括：
用于提供泵浦光的泵浦组件，有源光纤和光纤输出器件；
所述有源光纤用于部分吸收泵浦光，对信号光进行放大，所述有源光纤的纤芯用于传输信号光，所述有源光纤的包层用于传输未被吸收的泵浦光；所述光纤输出器件用于传输所述有源光纤输出的复合激光。
可选地，所述有源光纤的吸收率为大于0小于15dB；
可选地，所述有源光纤的吸收率为大于0小于10dB。
可选地，所述有源光纤的长度小于50米。
可选地，所述有源光纤的长度小于20米。
可选地，所述有源光纤的长度小于10米。
可选地，还包括：设置在所述有源光纤两端构成谐振腔的光纤布拉格光栅FBG。
可选地，还包括：用于提供信号光的种子光源。
可选地，当有源光纤长度为0时，还包括用于将信号光和泵浦光集成输出的合束器。
可选地，所述有源光纤的纤芯还用于传输漏入纤芯的泵浦光，所述有源光纤的包层还用于传输漏入包层的信号光。
可选地，所述有源光纤为双包层或多包层有源光纤，所述光纤输出器件包括双包层或多包层的第一光纤和输出头；所述第一光纤的包层用于传输所述有源光纤中未被吸收的泵浦光以及漏入包层的信号光，所述第一光纤的纤芯用于传输所述有源光纤中的信号光以及漏入纤芯的泵浦光；
所述有源光纤的纤芯的数值孔径NA与所述第一光纤的纤芯的数值孔径NA通过设计以控制部分信号光进入包层；
所述有源光纤的包层的数值孔径NA与所述第一光纤的包层的数值孔径NA通过设计以控制部分泵浦光进入纤芯。
可选地，所述第一光纤的包层数量大于有源光纤的包层数量，所述有源 光纤与所述第一光纤通过拉锥或直接熔接方式匹配设置，使有源光纤包层中传输的包层光可按照设计要求进入第一光纤的特定包层中。
可选地，所述光纤输出器件还包括剥离器；
所述剥离器用于剥离在所述第一光纤的最外一层或最外多层包层中传输的激光。
可选地，所述泵浦组件包括多个泵浦光源和合束器。
可选地，所述多个泵浦光源包括多个不同或相同波长的泵浦光源。
可选地，所述多个泵浦光源包括：半导体激光、直接半导体激光和短波长光纤激光中的至少一种。
可选地，所述激光器还包括与泵浦组件连接的控制单元，所述控制单元用于控制泵浦光的输出功率，以形成不同能量比例轮廓的复合激光光斑输出。
可选地，所述激光器还包括与种子光源连接的控制单元，所述控制单元用于调节种子光源的输出功率，以形成不同能量比例轮廓的复合激光光斑输出。
本申请实施例还公开了一种多波长输出激光加工系统，包括：一如上所述的激光器和一激光加工头，所述激光加工头与所述光纤输出器件连接，用于将所述激光器输出的多波长复合激光引导至待加工工件上。
可选地，所述激光加工头为单光纤接头激光加工头，所述光纤输出器件包括单光纤，所述激光器输出的多波长复合激光通过所述单光纤传输至所述单光纤接头激光加工头。
本申请实施例包括以下优点：
本申请实施例的激光器包括：用于提供泵浦光的泵浦组件，有源光纤和光纤输出器件；有源光纤用于部分吸收泵浦光对信号光进行放大，有源光纤的纤芯用于传输信号光，有源光纤的包层用于传输未被吸收的泵浦光；光纤输出器件用于传输所述有源光纤输出的复合激光。相比于现有技术，一方面本申请实施例的激光器可以使得信号光和泵浦光在单光纤传输，实现多光束复合激光输出，不需要设置两个或以上的独立激光器，两个单独激光输出头 等器件，减少了器件的使用，可以降低成本，并且能够减小激光器的尺寸。另一方面本申请实施例的激光器也不需要用到石英来熔接多个光纤激光器输出光纤，对加工方向原理上并无要求，可以简化加工工艺。
附图说明
图1是本申请的一种激光器实施例的结构图；
图2是实际状态下一种复合激光能量分布示意图；
图3是理想状态一种复合激光能量分布示意图；
图4是理想状态下另一种复合激光能量分布示意图；
图5是理想状态下另一种复合激光能量分布示意图；
图6是理想状态下另一种复合激光能量分布示意图；
图7是一种示例中激光器的结构图；
图8是另一种示例中激光器的结构图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细的说明。
参照图1，示出了本申请的一种激光器实施例一的结构图，具体可以包括：
用于提供泵浦光的泵浦组件1，有源光纤2，光纤输出器件3；
所述有源光纤2用于部分吸收泵浦光，对信号光进行放大，所述有源光纤2的纤芯用于传输信号光，所述有源光纤2的包层用于传输未被吸收的泵浦光；所述光纤输出器件3用于传输所述有源光纤2输出的复合激光。
本申请实施例的激光器可以为全光纤结构的激光器，即激光器内部的器件通过光纤连接，或自带光纤进行连接。
本申请实施例中，有源光纤2的吸收率可以为大于0且小于15dB，通过将有源光纤2的吸收率设置为大于0且小于15dB，可以使得泵浦光只是小部分被吸收。在一种示例中，有源光纤2的吸收率可以设置为大于0且小 于10dB。在另一种示例中，有源光纤2的吸收率可以设置为大于0且小于8dB。
有源光纤2的吸收率(dB)由光纤长度(m)和光纤本身的吸收系数(dB/m)决定，因此可以通过设置有源光纤2的长度来调整吸收率，因此相比于现有的光纤激光器，本申请实施例中的有源光纤长度更短。本申请实施例中，有源光纤2的长度可以小于50米。在一种示例中，有源光纤2的长度可以小于30米。在另一种示例中，有源光纤2的长度可以小于20米。在另一种示例中，有源光纤2的长度可以小于10米。
本申请实施例中，有源光纤包括一纤芯和双包层或多包层。
本申请实施例中，有源光纤的纤芯还用于传输漏入纤芯的泵浦光，有源光纤的包层还用于传输漏入包层的信号光。
在一种示例中，泵浦光和信号光的波长不同，信号光的中心波长可以为1030-2140nm，泵浦光的中心波长可以为915-1550nm。在另一种示例中，信号光的中心波长可以为1080nm，泵浦光的中心波长可以为915nm。
本申请实施例中，泵浦光和信号光保持在同一光纤中传输，光纤的纤芯和包层的能量传输形成一种点环状的能量分布模式。点环状是指由中心的一点以及围绕中心的一个或多个圆环的形状。
一种典型的点环状的能量分布的复合激光为草帽形激光，如图2所示为实际状态下一种复合激光能量分布示意图。外沿部分激光的能量分布呈平顶分布，中心部分激光的能量分布呈高斯分布或类高斯分布。如图3所示为理想状态一种复合激光能量分布示意图。复合激光包括中心部分激光和外沿部分激光，中心部分激光大部分为高亮度的信号光，可以是来自有源光纤2的纤芯输出的信号光。在实际中，从有源光纤的包层外泄的泵浦光也可能传输到纤芯。中心部分激光的功率，与泵浦功率和有源光纤参数(包括芯径、数值孔径NA、吸收率、掺杂物质、长度)有关。
外沿部分激光呈环状，外沿部分激光的功率密度较中心部分激光低，亮度也低，外沿部分激光可以是来自有源光纤2的包层传输的未被吸收的泵浦光。在实际中，从有源光纤2的纤芯外泄的信号光也可能传输到包层。外沿 部分激光的光功率，与泵浦功率和有源光纤参数(包括芯径、吸收率、掺杂物质、长度)有关。
在本申请实施例的一种示例中，外沿部分激光的能量分布呈平顶分布，光束能量均匀的作用在工件表面，多为热传导焊接，表面平滑，但是能量密度低，不易形成小孔效应，因而熔深很浅。中心部分激光的能量分布呈高斯分布或类高斯分布，能量集中，容易形成小孔因而熔深大，在工件表面形成匙孔，但是过程中容易形成飞溅且影响表面成形；两种波长光束结合起来作用于工件，可以发挥各自的优势，在保证一定的焊缝深度的同时，抑制飞溅，提高表面成形。
在一种示例中，中心部分激光和外沿部分激光的波长不同，中心部分激光的中心波长可以为1030-2140nm，外沿部分激光的中心波长可以为915-1550nm。在另一种示例中，中心部分激光的中心波长可以为1080nm，外沿部分激光的中心波长可以为915nm。
在一种示例中，中心部分激光横截面呈点状、方形、圆形或类圆形。
在本申请实施例中，有源光纤2的纤芯中的激光功率与有源光纤2的包层中的激光功率的比例可由有源光纤2的吸收率设置。在实际使用激光器时，由于有源光纤参数是固定的，可以通过独立且连续的调整泵浦功率来调整中心部分激光的功率和边沿激光的功率，从而同时增大或同时减小中心部分激光的功率和边沿激光的功率。
在现有的光纤激光器中，有源光纤的吸收率一般设置为15～20dB，尽可能的吸收泵浦光，以转化为更多的信号光。并且激光器还设置连接于有源光纤与光纤输出器件之间的剥离器，没有被吸收的泵浦光以及在纤芯外的信号光被剥模器损耗掉以保持非常干净的信号光，光斑一般为类高斯光形状。
本申请实施例中，激光器不设置用于剥离没有被吸收的泵浦光和在纤芯外的信号光的剥离器，使得未被吸收的泵浦光能够在包层中传输，构成输出光斑的外沿部分。
相比于现有技术，一方面本申请实施例的激光器可以使得不同波长的信号光和泵浦光在单光纤传输，不需要设置两个或以上的独立激光器，两个单 独激光输出头等器件，减少了器件的使用，可以降低成本，并且能够减小激光器的尺寸。另一方面本申请实施例的激光器生成的复合激光为同光轴输出的激光，不需要用到石英来熔接多个光纤激光器输出光纤，对加工方向原理上并无要求，可以简化加工工艺。
本申请实施例中，有源光纤2可以为双包层或多包层有源光纤，光纤输出器件4可以包括双包层或多包层的第一光纤和输出头。
本申请实施例中，第一光纤的包层用于传输有源光纤2中未被吸收的泵浦光，第一光纤的纤芯用于传输有源光纤2中的信号光。
本申请实施例中，第一光纤的包层用于传输有源光纤2中未被吸收的泵浦光以及漏入包层的信号光，第一光纤的纤芯用于传输有源光纤2中的信号光以及漏入纤芯的泵浦光。
复合激光的中心部分激光的光斑参数(包括光斑尺寸和光斑形状)与有源光纤2纤芯参数和第一光纤的纤芯参数有关。其中，纤芯参数包括数值孔径NA。
有源光纤2的纤芯的数值孔径与第一光纤的纤芯的数值孔径通过设计以控制部分信号光进入包层，使得有源光纤2的纤芯的激光传输模式与第一光纤的纤芯的激光传输模式相同。
有源光纤2的包层的数值孔径与第一光纤的包层的数值孔径通过设计以控制部分泵浦光进入纤芯，使得有源光纤2的包层的激光传输模块与第一光纤中对应包层的激光传输模式相同。
多包层光纤的包层可以分为内包层和外包层。对于双包层光纤，其靠近纤芯的包层为内包层，远离纤芯的包层为外包层。对于三包层以上的多包层光纤，最远离光纤的包层为外包层，其余包层为内包层。外包层通常为低折射率材质，不用于传输激光。
在本申请实施例中，在有源光纤2的多个包层中，除外包层之外的包层可以用于传输未被吸收的泵浦光。在多包层的第一光纤的多个包层中，除外包层之外的包层用于传输未被吸收的泵浦光。
在一种示例中，有源光纤2的包层数量可以与第一光纤的包层数量相同。
在另一种示例中，有源光纤2的包层数量可以小于第一光纤的包层数量，在该示例中，有源光纤2与第一光纤通过拉锥或直接熔接方式匹配设置，使有源光纤2包层中传输的包层光可按照设计要求进入第一光纤的特定包层中。例如，有源光纤为双包层，第一光纤为四包层。从有源光纤2的包层传输的激光可以扩散到第一光纤的至少一个包层中传输。具体地，有源光纤与第一光纤可以通过光纤包层单独拉锥处理或包层和纤芯的同时拉锥匹配光纤尺寸和NA设置，使有源光纤包层中传输的泵浦光可进入第一光纤的至少一个包层中。
在本申请实施例中，光纤输出器件4还可以包括剥离器；剥离器用于剥离在第一光纤的最外一层或最外多层包层中传输的激光，具体可以根据实际需要剥离不需要的包层光。
如图4所示为理想状态下另一种复合激光能量分布示意图。如图所示的点环状能量分布的复合激光也可以称为草帽型激光，包括中心部分激光和一个环带的外沿部分激光，中心部分激光的功率大于边沿部分激光功率。中心部分激光与外沿部分激光之间可以具有凹陷部分，凹陷部分是由于其中不具有能量或只有很低的能量(其仅提供杂散辐射或者根本不提供激光辐射)。凹陷部分与外沿部分激光都呈现环状的能量分布。
具体的，可以通过配合特殊的光纤产品产生凹陷，例如标准QBH传能光纤。比如QBH传能光纤某一部分为掺F的低折射率层，凹陷发生在这个部分。
如图5所示为理想状态下另一种复合激光能量分布示意图。如图所示的点环状能量分布的复合激光也可以称为草帽型激光，包括中心部分激光和一个环带的外沿部分激光，中心部分激光的功率小于边沿部分激光功率，中心部分激光与外沿部分激光之间具有凹陷部分。中心部分激光的功率与边沿部分激光的功率的比值，可以通过调整有源光纤2的吸收率和泵浦光功率来设置。
如图6所示为理想状态下另一种复合激光能量分布示意图。包括中心部分激光、两个环带的边沿激光和两个凹陷环带。
在本申请实施例中，泵浦组件1可以包括多个泵浦光源11和合束器12。
合束器12可以为高功率的N+1：1合束器，包括多个输入光纤和一个输出光纤，每个泵浦光源11可以与一个输入光纤连接，由合束器12将多个泵浦光源输出的泵浦光耦合并从输出光纤输出。
泵浦光源11可以为半导体泵浦光源，也可以为任何光纤输出的激光光源。例如，多个泵浦光源11可以包括半导体激光、直接半导体激光和短波长光纤激光中的至少一种。如多个泵浦光源11可以都是半导体激光，或者部分泵浦光源可以为直接半导体激光，剩余部分泵浦光源可以为短波长光纤激光。可以根据实际需要设置泵浦光源的种类。
在本申请实施例中，复合激光的中心部分激光的波长和边沿部分激光的波长，可以根据泵浦光源11的波长和有源光纤2的掺杂元素设置。掺杂元素可以包括镱(Yb)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)等。
例如，泵浦波长为915nm，有源光纤掺杂Yb，信号光波长可以在1030～1090nm范围内，中心部分激光波长可以在1030～1090nm范围内，波长带宽范围为0.5nm到20nm，功率不小于100W；边沿部分激光波长包括915nm。
多个泵浦光源11可以为相同波长的泵浦光源，也可以为不同波长的泵浦光源。使用不同波长的泵浦光源11，可以生成不同波长组合的复合激光。
在本申请实施例中，所述激光器还可以包括与泵浦组件连接的控制单元，所述控制单元用于控制泵浦光的输出功率，以形成不同能量比例轮廓的复合激光光斑输出。
例如，控制单元可以分别与各个泵浦光源11连接，可以分别控制各个泵浦光源11输出的泵浦光功率。例如，控制单元控制部分泵浦光源11打开或关闭，控制部分泵浦光源11增大或减小输出的泵浦光功率。
在本申请实施例中，激光器还可以包括：连接于有源光纤2与光纤输出器件3之间的第二光纤4，以及连接于合束器12与有源光纤2之间的第三光纤5。
第二光纤4和第三光纤5可以为双包层或多包层光纤，第二光纤4与有 源光纤2和光纤输出器件3的第一光纤匹配。具体的，第二光纤4的纤芯可以用于传输信号光，第二光纤4的包层可以用于传输未被吸收的泵浦光。具体的，第二光纤4的纤芯还用于传输漏入纤芯的泵浦光，第二光纤4的包层还用于传输漏入包层的信号光。
在本申请实施例中，复合激光的外沿部分激光的光斑参数(包括光斑形状和光斑大小)和第二光纤4和第一光纤的包层直径和数值孔径NA，以及合束器参数有关。
合束器参数是指制合束器的工艺参数，合束器在制作时，根据所要连接的输入光纤和输出光纤来制作，针对所要连接的输入光纤和输出光纤设置制作工艺参数。在本申请实施例中，合束器参数可以根据连接泵浦光源的输入光纤和第三光纤5来设定，因此第三光纤5对激光器输出激光的影响，可以归结到合束器参数，合束器参数可以包括泵浦光源的输入光纤的参数和第三光纤5的参数。
在实际中，可以根据实际需要，设置第二光纤4的包层直径、数值孔径NA和合束器参数以及第一光纤参数，从而设置激光器输出的复合激光的外沿部分激光的光斑参数。第二光纤4可以与第三光纤5设置相同的光纤参数。
本申请实施例的一种示例中，激光器还可以包括：设置在所述有源光纤两端构成谐振腔的光纤布拉格光栅FBG6。参照图7所示为一种示例中激光器的结构图。
其中，光纤布拉格光栅FBG6可以包括HR(High Reflector，高反射器)FBG和OC(Out Coupler，输出耦合器)FBG，HR FBG设置在泵浦组件1与有源光纤2之间，OC FBG设置在有源光纤2与光纤输出器件3之间，HR FBG和OC FBG构成谐振腔。泵浦光在谐振腔中传输，一部分被有源光纤2吸收，从而生成信号光，另一部分从谐振腔中输出。光纤输出器件3将从谐振腔中输出的激光输出。
本申请实施例的另一种示例中，激光器还可以包括：用于提供信号光的种子光源。参照图8所示为另一种示例中激光器的结构图。种子光源7输出的信号光和泵浦组件1输出的泵浦光传耦合输到有源光纤2，有源光纤2吸 收泵浦光对信号光进行放大。
通过种子光源提供信号光的激光器可以称为MOPA(Master Oscillator Power-Amplifier，主控振荡器的功率放大器)激光器。
在该示例中，每个泵浦光源11和种子光源7可以分别与合束器12一个输入光纤连接，由合束器12将多个泵浦光源输出的泵浦光和种子光源7输出的信号光耦合，并从合束器12的输出光纤输出。
可以通过有源光纤2接收从合束器12的输出光纤输出的泵浦光和信号光，由有源光纤2吸收泵浦光对信号光进行放大。
在一种可选实施方式中，有源光纤的长度可以设置为0，即形成将信号光和泵浦光直接用合束器集成输出的结构，通过输出光纤和合束器不同的匹配来选择最终的光斑输出特性。
种子光源7可以包括单谐振腔光纤激光器，或光纤耦合的薄片激光器，或二极管泵浦固体激光器(例如Nd-YAG激光器)，或半导体激光器。
在该示例中，所述激光器还包括与种子光源连接的控制单元，所述控制单元用于调节种子光源的输出功率，以形成不同能量比例轮廓的复合激光光斑输出。
在该示例中，复合激光中心部分激光的波长和边沿部分激光的波长，可以根据种子光源7的波长、泵浦光源11的波长和有源光纤2的掺杂元素设置。
复合激光中心部分激光的功率，与种子光源功率、泵浦功率和有源光纤参数(包括芯径、数值孔径NA、吸收率，掺杂物质，长度)有关。
在实际使用激光器时，由于有源光纤参数是固定的，可以通过独立且连续的调整种子光源功率或泵浦功率来调整中心部分激光的功率和边缘部分激光的功率，从而形成不同能量比例轮廓的光斑输出。
本申请还公开了一种多波长输出激光加工系统实施例，其中，多波长输出激光加工系统可以包括：激光器和一激光加工头，所述激光器包括：
用于提供泵浦光的泵浦组件，有源光纤，光纤输出器件；
所述有源光纤用于部分吸收泵浦光，对信号光进行放大，所述有源光纤 的纤芯用于传输信号光，所述有源光纤的包层用于传输未被吸收的泵浦光；
所述光纤输出器件用于传输所述有源光纤输出的复合激光；
所述激光加工头与所述光纤输出器件连接，用于将所述激光器输出的多波长复合激光引导至待加工工件上。
本实施例中的激光器可以参见上述实施例，在此不做赘述。在本申请实施例中，激光加工头可以为单光纤接头激光加工头，光纤输出器件包括单光纤，激光器输出的多波长复合激光通过单光纤传输至单光纤接头激光加工头。这里的单光纤可以为上述的第一光纤。
本实施例的多波长输出激光加工系统可以用于激光焊接、激光熔覆或其他激光应用。通过在激光头输出中心部分和外沿部分两束不同波长的激光，可以由外沿部分激光在加工工件表面形成平整的形貌，由中心部分激光形成深度较大的焊缝。具体地，本实施例的多波长输出激光加工系统可以用于激光连续焊接。
相比于现有技术，一方面本申请实施例的多波长输出激光加工系统不需要设置两个或以上的独立激光器，两个单独激光输出头等器件，减少了器件的使用，可以降低成本，并且能够减小激光器的尺寸。另一方面本申请实施例的多波长输出激光加工系统也不需要用到石英来熔接多个光纤激光器输出光纤，对加工方向原理上并无要求，可以简化加工工艺。
尽管已描述了本申请实施例的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请实施例范围的所有变更和修改。
最后，还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备不仅包括那些要素，而且 还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者终端设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上对本申请所提供的一种激光器和一种多波长输出激光加工系统，进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种激光器，其特征在于，包括：
    用于提供泵浦光的泵浦组件，有源光纤和光纤输出器件；
    所述有源光纤用于部分吸收泵浦光，对信号光进行放大，所述有源光纤的纤芯用于传输信号光，所述有源光纤的包层用于传输未被吸收的泵浦光；
    所述光纤输出器件用于传输所述有源光纤输出的复合激光。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述有源光纤的吸收率为大于0小于15dB。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述有源光纤的吸收率为大于0小于10dB。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述有源光纤的长度小于50米。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述有源光纤的长度小于20米。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述有源光纤的长度小于10米。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，还包括：设置在所述有源光纤两端构成谐振腔的光纤布拉格光栅FBG。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，还包括：用于提供信号光的种子光源。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，当有源光纤长度为0时，还包括用于将信号光和泵浦光集成输出的合束器。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述有源光纤的纤芯还用于传输漏入纤芯的泵浦光，所述有源光纤的包层还用于传输漏入包层的信号光。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述有源光纤为双包层或多包层有源光纤，所述光纤输出器件包括双包层或多包层的第一光纤和输出头；所述第一光纤的包层用于传输所述有源光纤中未被吸收的泵浦光以 及漏入包层的信号光，所述第一光纤的纤芯用于传输所述有源光纤中的信号光以及漏入纤芯的泵浦光；
    所述有源光纤的纤芯的数值孔径NA与所述第一光纤的纤芯的数值孔径NA通过设计以控制部分信号光进入包层；
    所述有源光纤的包层的数值孔径NA与所述第一光纤的包层的数值孔径NA通过设计以控制部分泵浦光进入纤芯。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述第一光纤的包层数量大于有源光纤的包层数量，所述有源光纤与所述第一光纤通过拉锥或直接熔接方式匹配设置，使有源光纤包层中传输的包层光可按照设计要求进入第一光纤的特定包层中。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述光纤输出器件还包括剥离器；
    所述剥离器用于剥离在所述第一光纤的最外一层或最外多层包层中传输的激光。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述泵浦组件包括多个泵浦光源和合束器。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述多个泵浦光源包括多个不同或相同波长的泵浦光源。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述多个泵浦光源包括：半导体激光、直接半导体激光和短波长光纤激光中的至少一种。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述激光器还包括与泵浦组件连接的控制单元，所述控制单元用于控制泵浦光的输出功率，以形成不同能量比例轮廓的复合激光光斑输出。
  18. 根据权利要求8所述的激光器，其特征在于，所述激光器还包括与种子光源连接的控制单元，所述控制单元用于调节种子光源的输出功率，以形成不同能量比例轮廓的复合激光光斑输出。
  19. 一种多波长输出激光加工系统，其特征在于，包括：一如权利要求1-18任一项所述的激光器和一激光加工头，所述激光加工头与所述光纤输出 器件连接，用于将所述激光器输出的多波长复合激光引导至待加工工件上。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的多波长输出激光加工系统，其特征在于，所述激光加工头为单光纤接头激光加工头，所述光纤输出器件包括单光纤，所述激光器输出的多波长复合激光通过所述单光纤传输至所述单光纤接头激光加工头。
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